Halaman Judul
Transkript
Halaman Judul
THE INDONES I SIAN INT TEREST IN EFFOR RT TO FIG GHT AG GAINST WHO W VIR RUS SHAR RING MECHANISM M AN UNDERG GRADUATE THES SIS W Written by : ANNISA A HASTYA UTAMI U 2 20050510143 3 IN NTERNAT TIONAL R RELATIO ONS DEPA ARTMENT FACULTY OF F SOCIAL L AND PO OLITICAL L SCIENC CES HAMMADIYAH UN NIVERSIT TY OF YO OGYAKAR RTA MUH 2009 ENDORSEMENT PAGE This Undergraduate Thesis entitled: The Indonesian Interest in Effort to Fight Against WHO Virus Sharing Mechanism Written by: Annisa Hastya Utami 20050510143 This undergraduate thesis has been examined and endorsed by the Board of Examiners from the Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and political Sciences, Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta On Day/ Date : Tuesday, May 5th, 2009 Time : 08.00 a.m. Place : Examination Room of International Relations D Acknowledged by, Advisor/Chief of Examiner Adde Marup Wirasenjaya, SIP Examiner I Winner Agung Pribadi, MA. Examiner II Drs. Djumadi M. Anwar., M.Si Dedication Page This Thesis is especially dedicated for: My beloved parents, Hisam A. Latief and Esti Sudiastuti, Thanks for the gorgeous love and understanding that will never end. Thanks for motivations that you are always give to me. All my huge family, thanks for the support Special Thanks To: Wo bou be, Tomy Rahadian Rahman, I tried my hardest just to say the words I never said. Maybe someday I’ll find the way do say what you mean to me. My “Duo Best Super Pawang” Festy Soebagyo and Olin Nurlaili JA. Thanks for always picking me up when I was down. Please don’t forget the key word to “knock” me…(snap…snap…snap…), You are just call out my name I'll come running to see you are again and I'll be there to see our dreams come true. My beloved the family of KOMAHI UMY, big thanks for support, help, advice, happiness, and share my little stories in the part of my life. You are the best I ever had. I hope all the best for you all. 9 Kakak-Kakak Alumni KOMAHI UMY 9 KOMAHIers’05: Tatas, Kokoh Fikri, Achui Tea, Lilin ‘Arin’, Tusdha, Imel, kang Fajar ‘pino’, coboy, ‘abang kompeni’ Irul, Nining, Mbakyu Antz, Mbokdhe Pitan, Kuye, Wanda, Mbak Bintang, Mbokdhe Putri Sukardi, Papa Alfian, Mbakyu Devi, Kak Azin, Hartz, ibay, Desyong, Mang Bram, Irvan, Rantih, Barruni, Nova. 9 KOMAHIers ‘06&’07 Tami, Lisdya, Abel, Fikar, Dian, Roni, Enoy, Paras, Ratih, Rosdiana, Sogan, Emma, Nurul, Ai, Anisa, Haryanti, Ayu, Zulhamdi, Ika, Nana, Nia, Mia, Jessy, Adya, Amal, Galant, Fadli, Makbul, Pikri, Fany, Kimau, Luk Luk, Niken, Dhani, Syilvi, Zainab, Kamal, Ery, Fuad, Aan, Anza, Abbyzar, Ardhian, Jejen, Hani, Wahyu, Shandy, Yopi, Yudha, Jenggis, Yusda, Dijje, Afrizal, Ira, Eny, Imam, Jonas, Lia, Aidha, Vidya. My lovely International Program classmates 2005 of International Relations Department who have been a great friendship and inspire me to do better. All of my friends, especially in Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta, thanks to make my life colorful. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb I would like to express my gratitude to Allah SWT for the gift of strength, patience, and determination in every my step with His guidance also let me to finish my undergraduate thesis on this year. I also acknowledge a deepest appreciation and thanks to: • Ir. H. Dasron Hamid, M. Sc as the Head of Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta. • Prof. DR. Tulus Warsito as the Dean of Social and Political Sciences Faculty of Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta. • Grace Lestariana W., SIP., M. Si as the Head of International Relations Department of Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta. • Siti Muslikhati., SIP., M. Si as the Secretary of International Relations Department of Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta. • Adde Marup Wirasenjaya., SIP for kindly sharing his time to supervise me and give a lot contribution to my research. • Winner Agung Pribadi., SIP., MA for advice and endorse my research. • Drs. Djumadi M. Anwar., M. Si for examines and endorses my research. • All of the Lecturers in International Relations Department of Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta. • Jati Suryanto., S. Pd for checking the English expression in my writing. • Mr. Djumari as the Student Service in International Relations Department of Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta who has been very patient in assist administration process. • Mrs. Atik as the Student Service in International Program of International Relations Department of Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta. • All of the Staff and Official in Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta. • My beloved Parents. • My friends in International Program 2005 of International Relations Department of Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta. • For anyone who support me. I am supposing that this thesis is less than perfect, there are need critics for any error that may happen. Annisa Hastya Utami May 2009 PREFACE This undergraduate thesis tried to discuss about The Indonesian Interest in Effort to Fight Against WHO Virus Sharing Mechanism. As a sovereign nation, Indonesia should encourage the spirit of freedom from suppression, colonialism and nation struggle to become an equality respected with other nations. In the rapid of nation development, Indonesia facing world challenges that is growing more complex. One of the challenges is over come in the health problems that become serious attention in developing countries, because it related to human survival as a nation that could be expected to give his work for the nation. Health problems that break in developing countries are the appearing of viruses that happen as pandemic. Appropriate mechanisms to resolve pandemic which set by the WHO, the country as the virus owner is required to send a specimens virus to do research for the human interest in the world. However, the WHO treats viruses such as commodity trade with commercialized after a vaccine. The cheating system is known at the end of 2006 when H5N1 avian influenza virus spreading in entire the world and the virus treating, using the system or mechanism known as the GISN (Global Influenza Surveillance Network). Indonesia goes forward as the pioneer for recommend the WHO to change virus sharing’s mechanism for a new fair mechanism, transparent and Equal. TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ………………………………………………………… i ENDORSEMENT PAGE …………………………………………… ii DEDICATION PAGE ………………………………………….…… iii SPECIAL THANKS TO ……………………………………….…… iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………………………………………….. v PREFACE …………………………………………………………… vii TABLE OF CONTENT …………………………………………….. viii LIST OF TABLE ……………………………………..……………... xi CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION A. Background …………………………………………………… 1 B. Research Question …………………………………………….. 8 C. Purpose and Benefit of Research ………..……………………. 8 D. Theoretical framework ………………………………………… 9 E. Hypothesis …………………………………………………….. 16 F. Range of the Research ………………………………………… 17 G. Method of Research …………………………………………... 17 H. System of Writing …………………………………………….. 18 CHAPTER II –VIRUSES AS A NEW SITE IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ................................................................................................... 20 A. The Global Spreading of Virus .................................................. 21 Globalization Spread Risks .................................................... 21 The History of Global Epidemic Spreading ........................... 24 Infectious Disease in a Modernizing World ........................... 32 B. The Global Response of Spread Viruses Risks ......................... 35 Global Response ..................................................................... 35 Global Infectious Disease Surveillance .................................. 38 International Health Regulations…… .................................... 40 CHAPTER III – THE MECHANISM OF WHO VIRUS SHARING ............. 43 A. The Prevention of World Pandemic .......................................... 45 Identify of a New Pandemic ................................................... 45 Developing Countries Identify For New Virus Sharing System ................................................................................................ .48 B. WHO Surveillance and Monitoring ........................................... .49 Sharing Viruses to Stop a Global Pandemic ........................... .49 WHO’s Regulation On Patents Involving Viruses. ................ .55 CHAPTER IV - INDONESIAN EFFORT TO FIGHT AGAINST WHO VIRUS SHARING MECHANISM ....................................................... .69 A. Indonesian Perception of WHO’s Virus Sharing Mechanism ............................................................................................. ...72 B. Indonesian Effort in International Level.............................. ...79 C. The Impact of Indonesia To Change The WHO Virus Sharing Mechanism ........................................................................... …95 CHAPTER V – CONCLUSION ………………………………………..….…..104 REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………. …. 108 APPENDIXES ……………………………………………………….............. 115 List of Table Table 1 …………………………………………………………30 Data of Spreading of HPAI Viruses Since December 2003 Table 2 …………………………………………………………47 WHO Phases of a Global Pandemic