Lionbridge Turkish Style Guide
Transkript
Lionbridge Turkish Style Guide
Lionbridge Style Guide Turkish Lionbridge Technologies WW Language Excellence © 2016 Lionbridge Technologies, Inc. - CONFIDENTIAL 1 © Copyright 2005–2016 Lionbridge Technologies. All rights reserved. Reproduction of this material is prohibited without prior permission of Lionbridge. Revision History 2016/01/04 – “Currency part” updated, obsolete reference to “floppy disk unit” changed 2013/09/20 – Updated compounds guidelines to comply with TDK reform, and transferred to new template Important Note If a client's preferences differ from the Lionbridge Language Style Guide, this will be clearly marked in the glossary header or specifications. The project glossary and specifications overrule the style guide! If the Style Guide and project specifications are not followed, Lionbridge reserves the right to deduct expenses to correct the errors, or to require the translator/editor to correct the errors. © 2016 Lionbridge Technologies, Inc. - CONFIDENTIAL 2 Table of Contents I. A. II. Writing Style Translation of titles 4 4 B. Tense 4 C. Proper verb form in software, help and doc 4 D. Possessive pronouns 4 E. Hyphenation rules 4 Language Rules A. Alphabet and Sorting Order 5 5 B. Capitalization Rules 5 C. Punctuation Rules 6 D. Numbers and Dates 7 Numbers 7 Dates 7 E. Units of Measurement 7 F. Currency 8 G. Phone numbers 8 H. Address Format 8 I. Index Entries 8 J. Calendar 8 K. Special Symbols And Abbreviations 8 L. Numbered and Bulleted Lists 9 Numbered lists 9 Bulleted lists 9 M. N. Standard Translations A Few Spelling Tips 10 10 Hyphenated words 10 Compound words 10 Common Misspelled Words 11 III. References A. Client Style Guides 11 11 B. Platform Glossaries 11 C. Other Reference Material 11 © 2016 Lionbridge Technologies, Inc. - CONFIDENTIAL 3 I. Writing Style A. Translation of titles Even where the original title does not use the English gerund (Connect Your Computer to the Printer), regard it as a gerund and translate it accordingly (Bilgisayarın Yazıcıya Bağlanması). B. Tense As a general rule, avoid the future tense even if it appears in the English, and use the present. C. Proper verb form in software, help and doc Documentation, Help and Software Prompts: formal imperative (2nd person plural, short version (yapın but not yapınız). The only exception is bkz. which is the abbreviated form of the long version bakınız. Commands in software: informal imperative (2nd person singular) D. Possessive pronouns In Turkish it is not common to use the possessive pronoun. Example: "your." Kullanıcı kılavuzuna bakın. Yazıcıya kağıt yükleyin. E. Hyphenation rules Hyphenation in Turkish is syllabic. Therefore, a single-syllable word cannot be hyphenated. Hyphenation of two-syllable words is permitted, but it would be better to avoid hyphenating a two-syllable three-letter word. The following procedure might prove useful in identifying what constitutes a syllable in Turkish. It will fail for certain loan words of Western origin. Let C = consonant and V = vowel: If a word ends in: VV (mostly loan Arabic words), then its last syllable is V; CVCC, then its last syllable is CVCC; VVC (some old Turkic and loan words), then its last syllable is VC; CVC, then its last syllable is CVC; CV, then its last syllable is CV. Find the last syllable applying the procedure above in the same order, take out the last syllable, and apply the same procedure to what remains of the word to find the penult, antepenult, etc., until you are left with one V and with 0 to 3 Cs, (which will make your first syllable). © 2016 Lionbridge Technologies, Inc. - CONFIDENTIAL 4 Note: If a word is to be divided at the point where an apostrophe occurs, place the apostrophe (do not use hyphen) and go to the next line. .........................................................İstanbul’daki.... II. Language Rules A. Alphabet and Sorting Order The Turkish alphabet consists of 29 characters. The alphabet and order of letters is given below. The most important issue to take into consideration is that the accented characters should be treated as separate entries in indexes and similar places not within the category of the unaccented character. (Example: C and Ç, Ç should be separate entries.) Another issue to note is that there are two i's and the lower case uppercase of each i is as follows: i – İ; ı – I Alphabet: a, b, c, ç, d, e, f, g, ğ, h, ı, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, ö, p, r, s, ş, t, u, ü, v, y, z A, B, C, Ç, D, E, F, G, Ğ, H, I, İ, J, K, L, M, N, O, Ö, P, R, S, Ş, T, U, Ü, V, Y, Z B. Capitalization Rules Use only initial capital letters in the following cases: proper names. command names and keywords (menus, modes, dialog boxes). first word of a sentence and every word of a title or of a caption except the conjunctions “ile”, “ve”, veya” , “ya da” “de” and “ki”, and the question word “mi”. Note: The words “de” and “ki” referred to above are the Turkish counterparts of “also” and “that” and not suffixes. Always use initial capitals when translating “for” (İçin) or “a” (Bir) as part of a title or caption. cross-references Bkz. Bölüm 2 but “Belgelerin Basılması” başlıklı bölüme bakın. Bkz. Şekil 3-4. After a colon, if you intend to give an explanation which would independently serve as a complete sentence, especially when: The English text uses the words: Note, Caution, Warning, etc.: Not: En yaygın kullanılan PCL komutları bu ekin sonunda verilmiştir. There is a numbered list or the beginning of a paragraph (see "Numbered and bulleted lists") It is to define a word: Bellek: Veri ve işlem dizilerinin elektriksel imler biçiminde saklandığı bilgisayar bölümü. (TDK Bilişim Terimleri Sözlüğü). © 2016 Lionbridge Technologies, Inc. - CONFIDENTIAL 5 Note: Do not begin with a capital letter after a colon if the part of the sentence immediately following the colon serves the mere purpose of enumerating individual elements or examples which, if taken independently, would not be regarded as a complete sentence. Kullandığımız başlıca noktalama işaretleri şunlardır: nokta, virgül, noktalı virgül, iki nokta, soru işareti ve ünlem işareti. C. Punctuation Rules In typography, all punctuation marks immediately follow the word. Never use a blank space before a punctuation mark. However, always use one blank space after the punctuation mark – unless it is at the end of a paragraph. Kağıt, zarf, asetat ve etiket gibi çeşitli ortamlara baskı yapabilirsiniz; ancak, bu malzemeleri toptan satın almadan önce istenen standartlara uygun olup olmadığını kontrol etmeyi kesinlikle unutmayın. HP Explorer Yazılımının İşlevi Nedir? Önemli not! Yeni yazıcı sürücünüzü kullanmadan önce yazılımınızda gerekli ayarları yapın. Note: Do not use a comma immediately before or after the conjunction words “ve” or “ile”. Do not use a comma immediately after a verb conjugated with a conjunction suffix (for example, words ending in -ip) unless it is followed by a similarly conjugated verb. Enter tuşuna basıp programdan çıkın. Use a comma immediately after the subject whenever this seems necessary for separating the subject from the group of words that follow it. Yazıcı sürücüsü, yazıcınızın özelliklerinin uygulanmasını sağlayan komutları içeren bir yazılım programıdır. When enumerating individual elements do not use a comma after the element before the last. Nokta, virgül, noktalı virgül ve ünlem işareti. When a whole sentence is between parentheses, quotes or brackets, the period is placed inside. When the words between parentheses or brackets do not constitute a complete sentence and have to be used for the purpose of referring to a title, author, date, etc., place a period at the end of the preceding sentence, before opening the parenthesis, close it, and do not place a period again. Fontların yazıcıya indirilip indirilmediğini anlamak için bir test sayfası basın. (Bölüm 9’a başvurun.) Fontların yazıcıya indirilip indirilmediğini anlamak için bir test sayfası basın. (Bölüm 9, Şekil 3-1) When words between quotes do not constitute a complete sentence, place the comma or period after quote. Dosya menüsündeki seçenekler şunlardır: "Yeni", "Aç" ve "Sakla". © 2016 Lionbridge Technologies, Inc. - CONFIDENTIAL 6 When a suffix has to be combined with a word or group of words within quotation marks, place the closing quote immediately before the suffix you added. “Yazıcı Fontları”nın bir listesini alın. Use straight quotes. When you use a suffix after a proper name or a figure, place an apostrophe immediately before the suffix. D. Numbers and Dates Numbers Decimal points become decimal commas. The thousands separator is replaced by a period. 1.53 becomes 1,53 1,500.55 becomes 1.500,55 Ordinal numbers The correct abbreviation in Turkish for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, etc. is 1., 2., 3., etc.. Avoid the suffix -ci in ordinal numbers when they are written in figures. Dates The date format "mm/dd/yy" becomes "dd/mm/yy". April 18, 1990 = 18 Nisan 1990 The short date format would be 04/18/90 = 18.04.90 Note: Months are capitalized when used together with years and / or days (18 Nisan 1990, Nisan 1990 or 18 Nisan) but are not capitalized when used alone (Her yıl nisan ayında...) E. Units of Measurement As a general rule, units of measurement should be localized. In Turkey the metric system is used. Also, please note that, paper weights are referred to as gramaj and the unit used for this is g/m2 instead of the English lb. Paper format specifications: A4 = 21 x 29,7 cm (8.27 x 11.69 in) Letter = 21,6 x 27,9 cm (8.5 x 11 in) Legal = 21,6 x 35,6 cm (8.5 x 14 in) Executive = 19,1 x 26,7 cm (7.25 x 10.5 in) Note: Use inches only when it is customary to do so, for example when referring to screen sizes. 15,6 inç ekran. © 2016 Lionbridge Technologies, Inc. - CONFIDENTIAL 7 F. Currency In Turkish the currency name follows the figure. Example 4.500.000 Türk Lirası or 4500 ABD doları. For foreign currencies like the USD it is advisable to write out it in full as in the above example. G. Phone numbers For local (in Turkey) phone numbers, the phone number format is 0 312 222 7928. For US phone numbers it is advisable to add the international access code (00 or +) and the country code (1). H. Address Format In Turkish the most frequent address format is: Name, Surname Street, Building number, Flat number, District, Postcode City Country The building number takes the abbreviation No. in front. For US addresses it is advisable to add the country name at the end (ie ABD). İ. Index Entries The preferred index entry style is the noun format. ie. Kağıt, ekleme J. Calendar The week starts on Monday. The standard abbreviations for the days of the week are: Pts, Sa, Çrş, Prş, Cu, Cts, Paz K. Special Symbols And Abbreviations In English, it is not rare to see special symbols like #, & or @ in technical documents. These symbols should not be kept in Turkish Instead of # and & use No (no) and ve. Translate @ as “adedi” or, if possible, place a slash between the price and the word “adet”. Unless you have space restrictions avoid $ and translate it as “dolar”; if it is evident from the context translate it as “ABD doları”. © 2016 Lionbridge Technologies, Inc. - CONFIDENTIAL 8 The abbreviation “s.” for “sayfa” (page) and “ss.” for “sayfalar” (pages) have become conventional. So is the case with “bkz.” for “see”. For other abbreviations, observe the following rules: If the word to be abbreviated is monosyllabic, then the abbreviation consists of the first letter and a period. (“c.” for “cilt” (volume). If the word to be abbreviated is not monosyllabic, then the abbreviation consists of the first three letters, and a period. (Example: “örn.” for “örnek”). If a compound word is to be abbreviated, the abbreviation consists of the first three letters of the first word and the first letter of the second. (Example: “dilb” for “dilbilgisi” or “dilbilim”). Note: Never use periods in acronyms. (Example: ABD, AB, etc.). An acronym takes suffix according to the way its last letter is pronounced and not according to the last word for which it stands. (Example: ABD’de but not ABD’nde). L. Numbered and Bulleted Lists Numbered lists Numbered lists are useful for sequential steps and are often meant to show a hierarchical relationship. Most numbered lists are introduced by a main clause followed by a colon. The first word of each item should be capitalized. If an item is a complete sentence, it should also have ending punctuation. Bir mesajı kapatmak için: 1. Mesajın ekrana çıkmasını bekleyin. 2. Mesaj ekranının altındaki “Mesajları Kapat” seçeneğini kullanın. Bulleted lists Bulleted lists generally fall into three categories. The examples below show the most common bulleted lists and how to punctuate and capitalize each one. Unbroken syntax: To have unbroken syntax in the Turkish translation of a bulleted list, without compromising readability, there must generally be a shared subject (or shared object if the sentence is in the passive voice), or a shared conditional or relative clause, followed by clauses each with a different predicate (verb). Place a colon after the shared part of the sentence, do not use initial capitals, and place a semi-colon after each clause and a period at the end. Stil arşivini kullandığınızda: paragraf stillerini tanımlamak zorunda kalmaz; başlıkları otomatik olarak oluşturabilir; hazır font seçimlerinden yararlanabilirsiniz. However, do not use unbroken syntax in a bulleted list if you have to place the shared predicate after the bullets, or to repeat it in every clause. The former reduces readability while the latter is awkward. Instead, make a reference in the main clause that a list will follow. © 2016 Lionbridge Technologies, Inc. - CONFIDENTIAL 9 Typical list: Main clause referring to a list of items, followed by a colon. Since such a list simply enumerates items, do not use initial capitals and do not use punctuation marks. Bir bilgisayar sistemi genellikle aşağıdaki birimlerden oluşur: bilgisayar çevre donanımı bir veya birkaç sürücü Complex list: Main clause referring to a list of operations or options, followed by colon. Use initial capitals and final punctuation of items if each item is a complete sentence. Programda bir seçenekler listesi verilmiştir: README.TXT dosyalarını basabilir ya da görüntüleyebilirsiniz. Modüllerin tümünü ya da bir bölümünü yükleyebilirsiniz. M. Standard Translations Some terms are used in almost all technical documents to draw the reader's attention to specific points. To avoid inconsistency, please use the following translations: Addendum = Ek Belge Appendix = Ek Caution = Dikkat Contents = İçindekiler Important = Önemli Not Warning = Uyarı See also = Ayrıca bkz. N. A Few Spelling Tips Hyphenated words Note that hyphenation occurs only in very few compound words in modern Turkish, and do not repeat the hyphenation in the original unless it is part of a proper name. Compound words To determine correct spellings for compounds please refer to the guidelines formulated by the Turkish Language Association (TDK). The relevant pages from TDK’s web site are as follows: For the compounds written as separate words please refer to the page http://tdk.gov.tr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=221 For the compounds written as one word please refer to the page http://tdk.gov.tr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=184 © 2016 Lionbridge Technologies, Inc. - CONFIDENTIAL 10 Common Misspelled Words takdirde (normally prefer a simpler substitute, but if you ought to use it never spell it as “taktirde”) kılavuz (not “klavuz”) tıraş (not “traş”) laboratuvar (not “laboratuar”) grup (not “gurup”) Note: The locative suffix “de” (or “da”) becomes “te” (or “ta”) after the letters ç, f, h, k, p, s, ş and t. This is even true when it comes after figures. (Example: 1975’te but not 1975’de). However, “de” (or “da”), when used as a conjunction, never becomes “te” or “ta”. III. References A. Client Style Guides Please refer to the specific instructions of the project, which should contain information on how to obtain client-specific style guides for the target language. B. Platform Glossaries Standard online glossaries for IT reference are available from Microsoft Language Portal: http://www.microsoft.com/language/en-us/default.aspx C. Other Reference Material For general matters regarding Turkish language you can refer to the Turkish Language Association's official web site: http://www.tdk.gov.tr/. © 2016 Lionbridge Technologies, Inc. - CONFIDENTIAL 11