Archaeology in - Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
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Archaeology in - Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
Seediscussions,stats,andauthorprofilesforthispublicationat:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272399972 "EarlyBronzeAge(ca.3000-2000BC)Mining ActivitiesinCentralAnatolia,Turkey",Poster Session“ArchaeologyinTurkey”of15thSOMA (SymposiumoftheMediterranean Archaeology... ConferencePaper·March2011 READS 164 1author: DeryaYılmaz ÇanakkaleOnsekizMartÜniversitesi 8PUBLICATIONS1CITATION SEEPROFILE Allin-textreferencesunderlinedinbluearelinkedtopublicationsonResearchGate, lettingyouaccessandreadthemimmediately. Availablefrom:DeryaYılmaz Retrievedon:19April2016 SOMA 2011 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Mediterrean Archaeology, held at the University of Catania 3–5 March 2011 VOLUME I Edited by Pietro Maria Militello Hakan Öniz Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Corso di laurea magistrale in Archeologia, opzione internazionale General Association of Mediterranean Archaeology Università di Catania Scuola di Specializzazione in Beni Archeologici Turkish Foundation for Underwater Archaeology BAR International Series 2695 (I) 2015 Published by Archaeopress Publishers of British Archaeological Reports Gordon House 276 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 7ED England bar@archaeopress.com www.archaeopress.com BAR S2695 (I) SOMA 2011 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Mediterrean Archaeology, held at the University of Catania 3–5 March 2011 © Archaeopress and the individual authors 2015 ISBN 978 1 4073 1342 9 (Volume I) ISBN 978 1 4073 1343 6 (Volume II) ISBN 978 1 4073 1344 3 (Set of both volumes) Printed in England by Information Press, Oxford All BAR titles are available from: Hadrian Books Ltd 122 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 7BP England www.hadrianbooks.co.uk The current BAR catalogue with details of all titles in print, prices and means of payment is available free from Hadrian Books or may be downloaded from www.archaeopress.com Table of Contents Volume I Preface v Part I – Prehistory and Protohistory of Europe and Anatolia 1 General Topics 3 Exchanges Between Paleolithic Hunter-gatherer Groups Neyir Kolankaya-Bostanci 3 Understanding Cross-cultural Communication in the European Bronze Age Paulina Suchowska-Ducke Anatolia 11 21 Early Bronze Age (ca. 3000-2000 BC) Mining Activities in Central Anatolia, Turkey Derya Yilmaz 21 Observations on the Troy I Period in the Light of Recent Survey Finds from the Coastal Troad Derya Yilmaz 27 From the Middle Danube to Anatolia: Contacts During the Second Millennium BC. a Case Study Anca-Diana Popescu, Radu Băjenaru 35 Kitchen furniture in the second millennium BC: evidence from Salat Tepe Tuba A. Ökse, Ahmet Görmüş, Gamze Kaynak 43 Remnants of Incantation Rituals from the Middle Bronze Age Settlement at Salat Tepe: an Ethnoarchaeological Approach 51 Tuba A. Ökse, Ahmet Görmüş, Tülin Bozkurt Glass Trade in the Light of the Late Bronze Age Finds from Panaztepe Nazli Çinardali-Karaaslan 59 A Group of Urartian Metal Finds from the Karaman Archaeological Museum Makbule Ekici 65 Investigations in the Çaldiran Plain/Lake Van Basin: the Middle Iron Age Aynur Özfirat 71 Europe 81 Antique Bone and Antler Anvils Discovered in Romania Corneliu Beldiman, Diana-Maria Sztancs 81 A Joint Consideration of the Lithic Industries of Shell Middens in Muge, Portugal, and the Coastal Mediterranean Mesolithic Sites Anabela Joaquinito, Nuno Ribeiro Daily Life and Social Reconstruction of an Argaric Settlement at Peñalosa (Baños de la Encina, Jaén) Juan Miguel Rivera Groennou, Eva Alarcón García Greece 89 93 101 Archaeological Models and the Archaeology of Mesara (Crete) between the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Rosario Maria Anzalone 101 Reconstructing the Landscape of the Dead. Some Observations on the Minoan Funerary Space in the Agiopharango Valley111 Sylviane Déderix Some Eccentric Linear A Tablets from Ayia Triada Pietro Militello 121 Studying Grey Ceramics in the Adriatic Area. A Preliminary Report Eleonora Ballan 127 Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery from the Kos Early Iron Age Necropolis Revisited. Some Features of the Local Ceramic Production Maria Grazia Palmieri i 135 Italy 143 Settlement Strategies and Territorial Organization: a Methodological Approach to the Sardinian Bronze Age Context Francesca Cadeddu 143 Ceramic Ethnoarchaeometry in Western Sardinia: the Case of Oristano Evanthia Tsantini, Giuseppe Montana, Miguel Ángel Cau 155 Lyres in the Daunian Stelae: Towards a Better Understanding of Chordophones in the Mediterranean Iron Age Raquel Jiménez Pasalodos, Placido Scardina 161 Sicily 175 An Analytical Study of Neolithic Combustion Structures in the Province of Messina Francesca Cannizzaro, Maria Clara Martinelli 175 Material Culture and People. Some Methodological Remarks on the Study of Aeolian Middle Bronze Age Settlement Contexts Gianmarco Alberti 185 Oversea Lithic Exchanges Between the Aeolian Islands and Malta from an Inland Perspective: Preliminary Data from a Late Neolithic Site in Licodia Eubea, Catania - Sicily Damiano Bracchitta 197 Decorated Footed Bowls: Type, Distribution and Use Valeria Grasso, Carla Maria Caterina Cirino 203 Creating Boundaries: Elaborate Tombs and Trade Goods in the Early Bronze Age Necropolis at Castelluccio (Sicily, Italy) Anita Crispino, Massimo Cultraro 211 Dwelling in the Darkness: the Prehistoric Caves of the Hyblaean Mountains (Sicily) Dalma Cultrera 217 An Early Bronze Age Settlement Near Ragusa Francesco Cardinale, Giovanni Di Stefano, Milena Gusmano, Saverio Scerra 227 The Late Copper Age Phase in Rocchicella di Mineo: Preliminary Data Ivana Vacirca 233 Innovation and Tradition in the Technology of Large Storage Jars from the Sicilian Middle Bronze Age Carlo Veca 239 Piano dei Casazzi (Mineo, Catania). Data on the proto-historic inhabitation Francescaromana Alberghina 249 Ceramic ethnoarchaeometry in Sicily: recent traditional productions as a tool for understanding past manufactures Giuseppe Montana, Anna Maria Polito, Evanthia Tsantini 253 Use of Space in the Early Bronze Age on the Basis of Artefact Distribution: the Village of Coste Di Santa Febronia Roberta Mentesana 259 Archaeology and Sciences 265 Gis, Geographical Models and Archaeology: a Case Study for Late Prehistory Populations (5500-550 Bc) on the Ripoll River (Catalonia, Spain) Maria Yubero Gómez 265 Technical and Typological Approaches to Bronze Age Worked Bone from Central Iberia. The Settlement of Motilla del Azuer Manuel Altamirano García 273 Birch Resin Not Only As Climate Marker. Integration Between Chemical And Paleobotanical Analysis In Sicilian Prehistory 285 Roberta Mentesana, Giuseppe De Benedetto, Girolamo Fiorentino Part II – History and Archaeology of the Classical World I 291 Archaeology Greece and the Mediterranean 293 Seeing the Attic Vase: Mediterranean Shapes from 635 to 300 B.C. – The Beazley Data Filippo Giudice, Rossano Scicolone, Sebastiano Luca Tata 293 The Walled Towns of Thesprotia: from the Hellenistic Foundation to the Roman Destruction Marco Moderato 313 Ionian Sanctuaries and the Mediterranean World in the 7th Century B.C. Kenan Eren 321 ii Stoa–bouleuterion? Some Observations on the Agora of Mantinea Oriana Silia Cannistraci Archaeology The East 329 335 Two Fragmentary Sarcophagi from Aphrodisias in Caria: Imported Sculptors in the City of Sculpture? Esen Ogus 335 Hellenistic and Roman Pottery of Zengibar Kalesi (Isaura Nova?): from the South Necropolis Survey Zafer Korkmaz, Osman Doğanay 349 Some Archaeological Material from Seydişehir Asuman Baldiran 361 Archaeological Survey in Aksaray (Cappadocia): a Preliminary Report Mehmet Tekocak 379 Ancient Monuments between Research and Development: the Theatre of Kyme (Turkey) Stefania Mancuso 391 The Agora Basilica, Smyrna Burak Yolaçan 399 Archaeological Excavations at Istanbul’s Lake Kucukcekmece–2010 Hakan Oniz, Sengul Aydingun, Emre Guldogan 407 Excavations in Ancient Smyrna Akin Ersoy, Gülten Çelik 411 The Cult of Zeus in Lykaonia Asuman Baldiran 417 ‘Hierapolis of Phrygia’: a Roman imperial pottery deposit (US 274) found in the Northern Necropoli (Atlante di Hierapolis, foglio 18) Dario Sergio Corritore 421 Kyme of Aeolis. Excavations in the Necropolis (2007-2008): Preliminary Data Fabrizio Sudano 431 A Grave Dated to the Late- and Sub-Geometric Period at Mengefe Makbule Ekici 435 Archaeology The West and Africa 439 Beyond Aleria. Local Processes and Tyrrhenian Connections in the Early Corsican Iron Age (8Th–5Th Centuries Bc) Marine Lechenault Genesis and Development of the First Complex Societies in the Northeastern Iberian Peninsula During the First Iron Age (7th-6th Centuries BC). The Sant Jaume Complex (Alcanar, Catalonia) David Garcia i Rubert, Isabel Moreno Martínez, Francisco Gracia Alonso, Laia Font Valentín, Marta Mateu Sagué 439 445 Phoenicians in the Azores, Myth or Reality? Nuno Ribeiro, Anabela Joaquinito, Sérgio Pereira 453 The Roman uilla of Sa Mesquida: A rural settlement on the island of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Spain) Catalina Mas Florit, Bartomeu Vallori Márquez, Patricia Murrieta Flore, María José Rivas Antequera, Miguel Ángel Cau Ontivero 461 Lamps From the Anonymous Temple of the Main Decumanus at Leptis Magna Veronica Riso 467 New Data on the Roman Wall Paintings of Leptis Magna. A Preliminary Report Giuseppe Cinquemani 475 The Coin Hoard from Misurata: the Container Francesca Trapani 483 Archaeology Sicily and Italy 495 Francavilla Marittima: a Contextual Analysis of Male Burials in the Necropolis of Macchiabate (9Th-6Th Century BC) Claudia Speciale 495 The Fortified Settlement at Mura Pregne: an Indigenous Site Close to the Greek chora of Himera Calogero Maria Bongiorno 507 Licodia Eubea-Style: Some Remark Marco Camera 511 iii Recent Discoveries at the Sanctuary of the Divine Palikoi Laura Maniscalco, Brian E. McConnell 517 Rock Architecture and Some Colonial and Indigenous Centres: the Case of Leontinoi and Montagna Di Ramacca (Ct) Maria Nicotra, Giuseppina Gisella Lidia Verde 523 The Necropoleis of Gela: Updated Researches and Topographical Observation Marina Congiu 529 A Sanctuary of Apollo (Re)discovered in Sicily? Archaeological Evidence, Topography and Historical Source Francesca Buscemi 535 Elite and Society in a Settlement in the Sicilian Hinterland: a New Interpretation of Some Funerary Assemblages from the Monte Castellazzo Necropolis Near Marianopoli Rosalba Panvini A Female Clay Bust from the ‘Artemis Well’ in Syracuse Mario Cottonaro 543 557 Material Culture as an Indicator of Adoption and Resistance in the Cross-Craft and Cultural Interactions Among Greek and Indigenous Communities in Southern Italy: Loom Weights and Cooking Ware in Pre-Roman Lucania Alessandro Quercia, Lin Foxhall Archaeological Analysis of Roman Naval Warfare in Iberia During the Second Punic War Eduard Ble Gimeno Sailing Towards the West: Trade and Traders on the Routes Between the Iberian Peninsula and Campania Between the 2nd Century BC and the 1st Century AD Michele Stefanile 563 575 585 Roman Period Theatres in Sicily: a Structuralist Approach Zeynep Aktüre 593 A Fish-Processing Plant in Milazzo (ME) During the 1st Imperial Age Annunziata Ollà 603 Some Observations On The Road Network Through The Peloritani Region, North-Eastern Sicily Anna Lisa Palazzo 609 Volume II Part III – History and Archaeology of the Classical World II 615 Iconography and Artistic Production 617 The ‘Mosaic of the Sages’ from Lyrbe / Seleukeia Nazlı Yildirim 617 Some Remarks on the Iconography of Hermes Kriophoros in Magna Graecia and Sicily in the 5th Century BC Ambra Pace 627 The Origins of the lorica segmentata Marco Conti 633 Handmade Terracotta Figurines: Subjects Of Daily Life Vanessa Chillemi 639 Hellenistic Plastic Vases in Sicily: Some Reflection Alessandra Granata 651 Between Myth and History: Mediterranean Funerary Monuments in the 4th Century BC Alessandro Poggio 657 Archaeology of Gesture and Relics: Early Signs of the Sacred In Veii Laura Maria Russo 661 History 677 The Dionysus Cult in Antioch İnanç Yamaç 677 Economy and Institutions in Ancient Greek Proverbs. A Contribution on Trade and Taxation Carmela Raccuia 685 Attic Weights and the Economy of Athen Mario Trabucco 691 iv Sitodosia, euerghesia and emporia: Some Examples from Sicily Elena Santagati 695 Greeks and Sikels in the Hyblaean Area: an Historical Interpretation of the Epigraphic Evidence in the Chalcidian Hinterland Nella Sudano 699 Reconstructing Aspects of pre-Roman History, Political Organization, Religion and Trading Contacts of Greek Colonies of ‘Thracia Pontica’: the Case of Histria and Kallati Maria Girtzi 709 The Role of Professional Associations in the Romanization Process of the Western Provinces. A Study Proposal Ilenia Gradante 717 The Eastern Mediterranean in the Greek Anthroponymy of Roman Hispania: the Case of Aegyptu Pedro Marques 723 In the Land West of the Euphrates: the Parthians in the Roman Empire Leonardo Gregoratti 731 The Ecclesia Dei in Early Christian Inscriptions: Bishops, Presbyters and Deacons in Sicily Giuseppe Falzone 737 The Two Agorai of the Piraeus: Literary, Epigraphic and Archaeological Source Valentina Consoli 749 From Earthquake to Archaeological Rediscovery: Two Unpublished Epigraphs from the Aquila Province Carla Ciccozzi, Alessandra Granata, Walter Grossi 757 Numismatic 763 Water Fauna and Sicilian Coins from the Greek Period Mariangela Puglisi 763 Coinage and Indigenous Populations in Central Sicily Lavinia Sole 779 Greek and Hellenistic Coins in the Central Adriatic Apennines Between the 5th and 2nd Centuries BC Maria Cristina Mancini 789 Coins in Messapia: Research and New Perspective Valeria G. Camilleri, Paola d’Angela, Valeria R. Maci, Stefania Montanaro, Lorenzo Rinaudo, Giuseppe Sarcinelli, Aldo Siciliano, Adriana Travaglini 793 The ‘Six Emperors’ Coin Hoard’ from the Bay of Camarina Giovanni Di Stefano, Giuseppe Guzzetta, Viviana Lo Monaco, Maria Agata Vicari Sottosanti 805 Archaeology and Sciences 809 Trapeza: A Computer Approach to the Study of Domestic Pottery in Greek Sicily Alessandra Cilio 809 Punic Amphorae from Entella (Sicily): Archaeometric Characterisation of This Possible Consumption Centre Giuseppe Montana, Anna Maria Polito, Mariella Quartararo 815 Physical And Chemical Causes of Deterioration in Excavated Gla Ceren Baykan 825 Some Archaeological and Archeometric Observations on Two Amphorae from the Venice Lagoon Iwona Modrzewska, Giancarlo Taroni, Franco Pianetti 837 Part IV – Byzantine and Medieval Archaeology and History, Museography, Historiography 847 Byzantine and Medieval Anatolia 849 Byzantine Bronze Coins Found in Anatolia and Their Circulation Zeliha Demirel Gökalp 849 An Early Byzantine Graveyard Area in Ankara Ayse Fatma Erol 857 Stoneworks with Animal Motifs Along the Mediterranean Coast of Anatolia During the Byzantine Period Ferda Önengüt, Pinar Serdar 865 The Usage of the Golden Ratio in East Mediterranean Early Byzantine Churche Sener Yildirim 871 The Contribution of Women in the Construction and Decoration of Churches in the Holy Land Lihi Habas 881 v The Beçin–Yelli Madrasah Kadir Pektaş 895 Taş (Stone) Madrasah – The Akşehir Archaeological Museum Melda Arca Yalçın 901 Some Medieval Glazed Wares Uncovered from the Archaeological Excavations at Alanya Castle, Southern Turkey Sema Bilici 911 The 18th-Century Saliha Sultan Tomb Bilge Karaöz 915 Mediterranean Ships in the Russian Medieval Written and Graphic Tradition Petr Sorokin 919 Some Seljukid Tiles Uncovered from the Archaeologıcal Excavatıons at Alâıyye Castle, Southern Turkey Leyla Yılmaz 925 Italy, Sicily and the Mediterranean 929 Urban Topography in the Adriatic Italic Area: the Cult of S. Lorenzo in the Middle Age Carmen Soria 929 Late Medieval Pilgrim Ampullae from Southern Apulia. An Indicator of Long-Distance Pilgrimage or Local Shrines? Marco Leo Imperiale 937 Typological Analysis of a Cooking Ware Vessel for the Dating of Medieval and Post-Medieval Archaeological Contexts in Salento Patricia Caprino 941 The Serapieion and the Church of St. Pancratius in Taormina. The Building from Antiquity to the Middle Age Leonardo Fuduli 945 Importation and Trade of African Pottery in the Ancient Ecclesia Carinensis During the Late Roman Age Emma Vitale 959 Production and Circulation of Palermitan Amphorae in the Medieval Mediterranean Fabiola Ardizzone 963 Agrigento between Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Dynamics of Transformation in the Area of the Early Christian Cemetery from the 3rd to the 11th Centuries A.D. Giuseppina Cipriano 975 Vandals in the Mediterranean: a Problematical Presence Vincenzo Aiello 987 Vandals in the Mediterranean: Sicily and its Role Elena Caliri 991 Vandals in the Mediterranean: the Monetary System Daniele Castrizio 997 The Settlement in the District of Grammena-Valcorrente Near Belpasso (Ct) between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages Elisa Bonacini, Maria Turco, Lucia Arcifa 1001 Qui eadem aqua utuntur. A Late Antique and Early Byzantine Village in Rural Calamonaci (Agrigento, Sicily) Maria Concetta Parello, Annalisa Amico 1011 The Dump of Burgio: the Kiln Wastes of the First Pottery Workshops (16th-17th Centuries A.D.) in the Garella District Maria Concetta Parello 1019 Interdisciplinary Study of a Rupestrian Site Differently Utilized from 5Th-6th to 14th Centuries (South-East Sicily) Noemi Billeci, Lorella Pellegrino, Giacomo Caruso, Francesco Paolo Mancuso, Franco Palla 1025 Marble Production and Marble Trade Along the Mediterranean Coast in the Early Byzantine Period (5th-6th centuries AD): the Data from Quarries, Shipwrecks and Monument Elena Flavia Castagnino Berlinghieri, Andrea Paribeni Medieval Byzantine Shipwrecks in the Eastern Adriatic Vesna Zmaić 1033 1043 Museums, Historiography, Enhancement 1051 The Archaeological Museum of Thassos: the New Permanent Exhibition Dimitria Malamidou, Zisis Bonias, Konstantinos Galanaki 1051 Ancient Sardinia on the Move Barbara Costa 1063 vi From the Universal Museum to the Public Museum: the Role of Archaeological Finds in Palermo Between the 18th and 19th Century Rosanna Equizzi 1075 The Legend of Mount Nemrud: Commagene Kingdom 3D Reconstruction of the Archaeological Remains of the Holy Sanctuary on Mount Nemrud Ahmet Denker, Hakan Oni ̇z 1081 Some Examples of Traditional Housing from the Village of Eskikizilelma and the Aktopraklik Höyük Excavations, Bursa Abdullah Deveci vii 1089 Anatolia Early Bronze Age (ca. 3000-2000 BC) Mining Activities in Central Anatolia, Turkey Derya Yılmaz Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Department of Archaeology, Çanakkale-Turkey (Figs. 10-11), weaving tools, and ingots.8 Besides these, there are some metal pieces of unknown function. Religious artifacts consist of idols, figurines, and cult items.9 Musical instruments, i.e. metal sistra and castanets, suggest that music was extremely important in religious ceremonies.10 Weapon types and tools include flat axes, crescentic axeheads, shaft-hole axes, halberds, spearheads, daggers, long daggers, swords, maceheads, razors/ knives, chisels, perforators, tweezers, sewing needles, hooks, fishing hooks, harpoons, and spindles.11 The local weapons were used together with Mesopotamian, Syrian and Palestinian weapon types. Ornaments are varied and the most characteristic types are hammer-headed pins, double spiral-headed pins, rollheaded pins double ball-headed pins, bird-headed pins, pyramidheaded pins, global-headed toggle pins, flange-headed pin, vase-headed pins, shell-lunate earrings, ring-shaped earrings, basket-shaped earrings, crescent-shaped earrings, bracelets, finger rings, anklets, dress and belt ornaments, global, ovaid, cone, disc-shaped necklace beads, long thin beads with end nodose, earplugs, combs, buckles and hair ornaments, torques, diadems, quadruple spiral beads and plates12. The most common form of metal vessels are ring based beakers, basket handled spouted teapots, omphalos pans, omphalos bowls, pan/mirror, ladle, footed goblets, Syrian bottles, cups, vases and beak-spouted pitchers.13 There are small numbers of furniture fragments of cast sheet metal.14 Introduction In this study, Early Bronze Age mining activities in central Anatolia are pres212121ented based on data concerning main types of metal works, find places, mineral deposits and local workshops. Types of artifacts, quantity and diversity of minerals, point out that central Anatolian people had an advanced mining technology during the Early Bronze Age. Discussion There are rich mineral deposits which were used by prehistoric miners in northern central Anatolia.1 Metal artifacts dating to EBA I are very few. In central Anatolia there are some metal finds of native copper, dated to the beginning of the EBA I.2 However, the presence of tin bronze examples are noteworthy in terms of metal processing. Most of the first type of metal artifact began to appear in EBA II and metal production increased in the region over the period. In the whole region, metal artifacts are large in number by EBA III. Crucibles and moulds, discovered in the region, prove the existence of local workshops.3 From south to north findspots of metals are gradually increasing in number (Fig. 1). This is probably linked to the spread of mineral deposits and the gradual presence of workshops towards the north. It is considered that the presence of regional metal schools began to emerge at the beginning of the EBA II in the region.4 Conclusion According to the results of the analysis it can be assumed that natural arsenical copper was used in the whole region. In addition, tin-bronze was used in the northern part of the region at the beginning of EBA.5 The varieties of metals in EBA II and III illustrate the development of regional mining.6 Most of the metal finds discussed in this study are either from hoards or from graves. The majority of metal works were produced for the royal families. The distribution of varied metal objects made of gold, silver, lead, unalloyed copper, arsenical-copper, tin-bronze, and meteoric iron demonstrate that in central Anatolia craftmen were expert in metal working.7 It is known that varied techniques such as forging, casting, soldering, inlaying, riveting, and plating were used by miners. Advanced metal technology was introduced into central Anatolia towards the end of EBA III. In the area between Anatolia and Mesopotamia most of the finds were spread as a result of cultural relations. The metal types indicate some similarities of western Anatolian and Mesopotamian origin. However, central Anatolian miners also created regional original works. Mining played an important role in the Early Bronze Age economy of the region judging by the number of artifacts. In particular, many metal 8 Esin 1969: 43. Özgüç and Akok 1958: 17-19; Arık 1937: CXC-CCV; Bilgi 2004: 52-55. 10 Koşay 1951: pl. CXXVI; Özgüç and Akok 1958: pl. VII, 3 5; pl. XII. 11 Przeworski 1939: 50; Stronach 1957: 93, 95, 107, 110, 113, 118, 121, 122; Bilgi 1984: figs. 8 15; Anlağan and Bilgi 1989: 17, 18, 33, 34, 46, 48, 49, 75, 76, 77, 83, 98; Özgüç and Akok 1958: 16-17; Koşay 1951:pl. CXCVII.1; Arık 1937: CCLXXV; Esin 1969: 43; Bilgi 2001: 93; Bilgi 2004: 48-51; Yıldırım 2006: figs. 14 15. 12 Arık 1937: CLXVII, CLXXVII, CLXXXI, CCXLI, CCXLVII, CCXLIX, CCLI; von der Osten 1937: 193 198; Bilgi 1984: figs. 1618; Özgüç and Temizer 1993: 614; Özgüç 1986: 42 43; Esin 1998: 112; Muscarella 2003: 280 281; Maxwell-Hyslop 1971: 42 47; Yıldırım 2006: fig. 17. 13 Özgüç and Akok 1958: 8-13; Arık 1937: CLXIX, CLXXI, CCXXXI, Al. 1083, CCXXXV; Koşay 1951: Pl. CXXXI-CXXXIII; CLXXV CLXXIX; Özgüç and Temizer 1993: 618, 620; Esin 1969: 90-91; Yıldırım 2006: fig. 13. 14 Özgüç and Akok 1958: 8 9, 20 21; Esin 1960: 91. 9 The main metal groups include cult objects (Figs. 2-9), weapons and tools (Figs. 12-18), vessels (Figs. 30-39), ornaments (Figs. 19-29), seals, furniture fragments (Fig. 40), musical instruments 1 Jesus 1980: maps 13-15; Müller-Karpe 1994: Abb. 1; Wagner and Öztunalı 2000: 50-52. 2 Jesus 1980: 127; Yakar 1984: 65. 3 Alkım et al. 2003: 25, pl. XVI,13; Müller-Karpe 1994: 43, taf. 11. 8, 33. 1, 37. 4. 4 Yakar 1984: 77 78. 5 Jesus 1980: 127; Yakar 1984, 65; Belli 2004: 15. 6 Yakar 1985: 29-34. 7 Yalçın 2008: 15 25; Yılmaz 2010:142 146. 21 SOMA 2011 Mediteranean to the Indus, Yale University Press New Haven, 277 88. Müller-Karpe, A. (1994). Altanatolisches Metallhandwerk, Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster. von der Osten, H.H. (1937) The Alishar Hüyük Seasons of 193032 Researches in Anatolia, Part I, OIP 28, University of Chicago press, Chicago. Özgüç, T. (1986) New Observations on the Relationship of Kültepe with Southeast Anatolia and North Syria during the Third Millennium B.C. IN: J. V. Canby, E. Porada, B. S. Ridgway, T. Stech eds., Ancient Anatolia Aspects of Change and Cultural Development Essays in Honor of Machteld J. Mellink, University of Wisconsin press, Wisconsin, 31 47. Özgüç, T. and Akok, M. (1958) Horoztepe Eski Tunç Devri Mezarlığı ve İskan Yeri, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, Ankara. Özgüç, T. and Temizer, R. (1993) The Eskiyapar Treasure. IN: M. J. Mellink, E. Porada, T. Özgüç eds., Nimet Özgüç’e Armağan Aspects of Art and Iconography: Anatolia and Its Neighbors Studies in Honor of Nimet Özgüç, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, Ankara, 613 28. Przeworski, S. (1939) Metallindustrie Anatoliens Die Metallindustrie Anatoliens in der Zeit von 1500-700 vor Chr. Rohstoffe, Technik, Produktion, E. J. Brill, Leiden. Stronach, D. B. (1957) The Development and Diffusion of Metal Types in Early Bronze Age Anatolia. Anatolian Studies, 7, 89 124. Toker, A. (1992) Museum of Anatolian Civilizations, Metal Vessels, Anıtlar ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlüğü Yayını, Ana Basım A.Ş., İstanbul. Wagner, G. A. and Öztunalı, Ö. (2000) Prehistoric Copper Sources in Turkey. Anatolian Metal I, Bergbau Museum, Bochum, 31 67. Yakar, J. (1984) Regional and Local Schools of Metalwork in Early Bronze Age Anatolia, Part I. Anatolian Studies, XXXIV, 59 86. Yakar, J. (1985) Regional and Local Schools of Metalwork in Early Bronze Age Anatolia, Part II. Anatolian Studies, XXXV, 25 38. Yalçın, Ü. (2008) Ancient Metallurgy in Anatolia. IN: Ü. Yalçın, H. Özbal, A. G. Paşamehmetoğlu eds., International Conference AMITEM Ancient Mining in Turkey and the Eastern Mediterranean, (Ed.), Atılım University Turkey Historical Research Applications and Research Center Publications, Ankara, 15 40. Yener, K. A. (2000) Domestication of Metals, The Rise of Complex Metal Industries in Anatolia, Brill, Leiden. Yıldırım, T. (2006) An Early Bronze Age Cemetery at Resuloğlu, Near Uğurludağ, Çorum. A Preliminary Report of the Archaeological Work Carried Out Between Years 2003-2005. Anatolia Antiqua, XIV, 1 14. Yılmaz, D. (2010) M.Ö. III. Binde Batı ve Orta Anadolu Kültürel İlişkileri (Cultural Relations of Western and Central Anatolia During the Third Millennium B.C.), Unpublished PhD Thesis, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Zimmermann, T. and Yıldırım, T.( 2008) Three Best to have in Plenty-Rethinking Central Anatolian Early Bronze Age Alloying Traditions. IN: Ü. Yalçın, H. Özbal, A. G. Paşamehmetoğlu eds., International Conference AMITEM Ancient Mining in Turkey and the Eastern Mediterranean, (Ed.), Atılım University Turkey Historical Research Applications and Research Center Publications, Ankara, 87 97. works demonstrate the presence of local workshops in northern central Anatolia. Recent studies in mineral deposits have yielded important results about prehistoric mining such as Göltepe, Kestel, and Derekütüğün.15 In addition, production places of metal finds should be linked to studies on regional source analyses. In recent years analysis of some metal works indicate the existence of new alloys that are uknown to us and this will mean reassessing our knowledge of central Anatolian mining in the light of new archaeometric methods.16 Acknowledgment This study was prepared with the support of project (2010/178 COMU-BAP) funded by Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University. Bibliography Alkım, U.B., Alkım, H. and Bilgi, Ö. (2003) İkiztepe II, Üçüncü, Dördüncü, Beşinci, Altıncı, Yedinci Dönem Kazıları (19761980), Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, Ankara. Anlağan, Ç. and Bilgi, Ö. (1989) Sadberk Hanım Müzesi Protohistorik Çağ Silahları, Grafik Sanatlar Matbaası, İstanbul. Arık, R. O. (1937) Alaca Höyük Hafriyatı, 1935’deki Çalışmalara ve Keşiflere Ait İlk Rapor, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, Ankara. Belli, O. (2004) Anadolu’da Kalay ve Bronzun Tarihçesi. Graphis Matbaa, Antalya. Bilgi, Ö., 1984, “Metal Objects from İkiztepe-Turkey”, BeitrAllgA, Band 6, 31 96. Bilgi, Ö. 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Yalçın 2008: 25 26; Zimmermann and Yıldırım 2008: 87 91. 22 Derya Yılmaz: Early Bronze age (ca. 3000-2000 BC) Mining Activities Fig.1: Anatolia map showing EBA findspots of metal objects 23 SOMA 2011 24 Derya Yılmaz: Early Bronze age (ca. 3000-2000 BC) Mining Activities 25