here. - MUNTR 2017
Transkript
here. - MUNTR 2017
North Atlantic Treaty Organization Member State Index & Profiles (2049) Prepared by the DIRECTORATE OF CRISIS of MUNTR 2015 2-6 MARCH ANTALYA, TURKEY ALBANIA Conventional Long Form: Republic of Albania Conventional Short Form: Albania Local Long Form: Republika e Shqiperise Local Short Form: Shqiperia Former: People's Socialist Republic of Albania A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY I. NATIONALITY Noun: Albanian(s) Albanian Greek Adjective: Albanian Other Population: 3.4 Million Unspecified II. LANGUAGES Albanian 98.8% (official - derived from Tosk dialect), Greek 0.5%, other 0.6% (including Macedonian, Roma, Vlach, Turkish, Italian, and Serbo-Croatian), unspecified 0.1% Literacy Rate: 97.7% B. INTRODUCTION From its independence in 1912 from the Ottoman Empire and regaining of the country after concurrence of Italy and Germany by the communist partisans, to date 2049, Albania has faced variety of regimes. Ending the xenophobic communist rule enduring for over half a decade and settling up for a democracy in the early 2000s, the transition became tradition in the country. Current administration of Albania is the ruling body namely, “Socialist Party of Albania. The political restoration in the country towards socialism is met gratefully by mostly Russian Federation, though not in that degree within the Alliance. Although many criticisms, collapse of pyramid schemes of the country brought stability to society and the Albanian Parliament. Previously mentioned renovation in the country was recognized by the European Union as well. Reassuring the European community with regards to the 12 key conditions set forth by the European Commission, that were required to be met in order to obtain an official candidate status for the EU, Albania became an official candidate to the EU in 2018. C. GOVERNMENT The coalition government in early 2010s left its place to a successive government led by Prime Minister Ardit Xemal. Efforts to adapt the socialist regime brought problems of unemployment, dilapidated infrastructure and combative political opponents However, the widespread corruption dissolved as well as the organized crimes in the country. Albanian parliament is represented by the Alliance of Socialists of Albania by 77/140 and the Alliance of Democrats of Albania by 63/140. I. GOVERNMENT MODEL Socialist Democracy II. POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS & LEADERS a. Omonia b. Albanian Trade Union c. Liberal Democracy Party D. ECONOMY Continuing the free market capitalism policies, Albania’s economy grew stronger between 2014 and 2030. From that year till now, the country’s GDP has grown up to 72.05 billion $ but it stil holds the position as on of the poorest of Europe. Government invesments though are almost duplicated in the last decade in favor of development of infrastructure, energy industry and university education. E. MILITARY I. MILITARY BRANCHES a. Land Forces Command b. Navy Force Command c. Air Forces Command d. Cyber-Defence Command F. POSITION IN NATO Albania joined the Alliance in 2009 and ever since is holding a steady position towards dynamics of the organization. Being a member of the the UN, the OSCE, the Council of Europe and many other international organizations, Albania owes to the overwhelming public support for NATO by its population, Country remains ready to comply with the general consent of the Alliance. Albania’s stance within the NATO is mostly shaped by the will for regional and international harmony, to be achieved through rational and balancing methods instead of the accentuating of distinctions between and building of blocs although its transition to a socialist section. G. TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES I. DISPUTES Albania’s current priorities relating to its foreign policy, focus on enhancing regional cooperation for the most part. Within this context, finding a right balance between the recognition of and the disputes stemming from the recognition of Kosovo and regional cooperation is one of the challenging matters faced by Albania. On the last remark, it should also be underlined that the malcontent expressed by the Greek and Macedonian minorities within the country have caught the attention of international nongovernmental organizations, as well as the Council of Europe which has issued reports on minority rights in Albania in September 2032 and April 2040. Furthermore, the 2039 European Commission Progress Report on Albania has addressed the issue. In brief, the international arena expects more inclusive governance, especially at the local level. II. REFUGEES Stateless persons: 11,749 (2048 measures) Albania is currenlty a country subject to men, women and children trafficking within its borders, in Greece, Italy and UK. Thye problem in Macedonia and Netherlands dissolved in time by bilateral measures but the problem of sex trafficking and forced labour remains in Greece, Italy and UK. AUSTRALIA Official Name: Commonwealth of Australia Conventional short form: Australia A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY I. NATIONALITY noun: Australian(s) adjective: Australian Population: 2,070,000 Australia has approximately 55 million inhabitants consisting mainly of native Australians. Nonetheless, Yugoslavs, Germans and Turks along with numerous foreign people also live under the same flag. Despite having a wide spectrum of cultures and individuals, Australia maintains an azure social composition. II. ETHNIC GROUPS Through the last two decades and after the marked influence of the Liberal Party on the country, Australians have increased in population, constituting 86% of the total population. Nevertheless, people of other nationalities along with seasonal tourists also reside in the country. III. LANGUAGES Although Australia did not have any official language since 2024, Australian English Mandarin Italian Arabic English which constitutes a distinct variety of Greek English, was officially designated as the Cantonese official language of the country in 2024 with Vietnamese the campaign of the right wing parties in the Other Unspecified Parliament. English 76.8%, Mandarin 1.6%, Italian 1.4%, Arabic 1.3%, Greek 1.2%, Cantonese 1.2%, Vietnamese 1.1%, other 10.4%, unspecified 5% B. INTRODUCTION Australia officially became a member state of NATO in 2025 and preserved its firm stance since then. Previously, Australia was considered as a major non-NATO ally (MNNA) yet the deliberations confirmed its actual existence within the organization. In 2049, Australia is a developed country and considered among the richest and most developed countries in international arena. C. GOVERNMENT Australia is governed with constitutional monarchy. The current prime minister is Ruby Grace who is a member of the central right wing party Liberal Party of Australia. Subsequently, Liberal Party occupies 32 seats in the parliament with 76 seats. The country is observed to have closer politics to the US after the involvement in NATO. I. GOVERNMENT MODEL Federal Parliamentary Democracy and a Commonwealth Realm II. POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS & LEADERS business groups, environmental groups, trade unions D. ECONOMY With the 14th biggest economy in the world, Australia is considered among the prosperous states. Additionally, its long-term services mainly banking and mining-related exports account for the major part of its national income. E. MILITARY Australia spares 2.13% of its GDP for military expenditures and the percentage has been gradually increasing since its membership in NATO. Furthermore, there is an almost perfect balance in female and male distribution of military personnel and women are allowed to serve in most combat roles. I. MILITARY BRANCHES Australian Defense Force (ADF): Australian Army; Royal Australian Navy (includes Naval Aviation Force); Royal Australian Air Force; Joint Operations Command (JOC) F. ENERGY As both a consumer and significant supplier of electricity, Australia heavily relies on natural gas and electricity while importing crude oil. The country has not yet stepped markedly forward in nuclear energy formations. G. TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES I. DISPUTES Indonesians frequently challenged Australia’s interest and claim to Ashmore Reef since it is a reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing. The issue is yet to be solved. II. REFUGEES After the operation in Afghanistan in 2013, the country has only received negligible amounts of refugees yet the Afghani Australian Refugees still inhabit and sustain their lives within the Australian territory. III. ILLICIT DRUGS Considering the impact of NATO membership, the illicit drug issue in Tasmania is mostly under the strict control measures by the government yet the transport of cocaine and other derivatives of amphetamines is known to be illegally existent. BELGIUM Conventional Long Form: Kingdom of Belgium Conventional Short Form: Belgium Local Long Form: Royaume de Belgique (French)/Koninkrijk Belgie (Dutch)/Koenigreich Belgien (German) Local Short Form: Belgique/Belgie/Belgien A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY I. NATIONALITY noun: Belgian(s) adjective: Belgian The population of Belgium has reached 12.1 million with an approximation of 45 as the median age of the total population. In addition, the literacy rate is 99.97% astonishing the international community of the success of the amalgam of education and culture. On the other hand, the population is designated to be growing extremely slow hitting the 190th place among all the states in the world. Population: 2,070,000 II. ETHNIC GROUPS Flemish and Walloon ethnicities are the two major groups in the country. Turks and Moroccans are negligibly dispersed in this combination and there exists almost no internal disputes between people of different ethnicities. III. LANGUAGES In support of the absolutely literate population of the country, Dutch, French and German hold their positions as three equal official languages. In addition, bilingual and Dutch trilingual citizens constitute the majority of the population. French German Dutch (official) 58%, French (official) 38%, German (official) 3%, legally Bilingual bilingual (Dutch and French) 1% B. INTRODUCTION The Kingdom of Belgium prospers in 2049 as a European state and an ally of NATO. The modern and technological composure of the state is still existent. C. GOVERNMENT Belgian Government is led by Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten, which goes slightly independent of the Christian Democrat trend all over Europe. Nevertheless, the preference of Belgians is considered as a variety rather than non-conformism. I. GOVERNMENT MODEL Federal Parliamentary Democracy Under a Constitutional Monarc hy II. POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS & LEADERS Federation of Enterprises in Belgium Confederation of Christan Trade Unions Belgian General Federation of Labor D. ECONOMY The economy of Belgium is private-enterprise-based and has capitalized on its central geographic location, highly developed transport network, and diversified industrial and commercial base. Considering the scarcity of natural resources, the country is known for its raw material imports corresponding to its manufacture exports. E. MILITARY Belgium shares roughly 1% of its national GDP to military expenditures and has an almost perfect balance of gender in Belgian Armed Forces. I. MILITARY BRANCHES Belgian Armed Forces: Land Operations Co mmand, Naval Operations Command, Air Operations Command (2012) F. ENERGY Belgium is a natural gas and electricity importer and does not heavily depend on the technology of renewable energy resources. Nevertheless, the country is the second biggest electricity producer from nuclear plants. G. TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES I. DISPUTES In the mid-twenty first century, Belgium has no international disputes along with almost any national disputes. II. REFUGEES Belgium constitutes a home state for 4,145 stateless persons with versatile legal rights allowing them to reside securely and peacefully within the country. III. ILLICIT DRUGS Unfortunately, Belgium has not yet maintained control over illicit synthetic drug traffic to United States and seen as a source of precursor chemicals for American and African cocaine production. BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA Conventional long form: none Conventional short form: Bosnia and Herzegovina Local long form: none Local short form: Bosna i Hercegovina Former: People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY I. NATIONAITY noun: Bosnian(s), Herzegovinian(s) adjective: Bosnian, Herzegovinian Population: 3.53 Million Bosnian Croatian Serbian II. LANGUAGES Bosnian %56,4 (official), Croatian %32,8 (official), Serbian %11,2(official) Literacy Rate: 94.2% B. INTRODUCTION Having declared independence from the former Yugoslavia in 1992, Bosnia and Herzegovina is a member of the Alliance holding multi ethnic groups underneath its borders. Early 2010s were rather difficult for Bosnia and Herzegovina. In early 2014, government buildings were set on fire and thousands of people were on the street in Tuzla, Mostar, Sarajevo and Zenica. What certain analysts referred to as a Bosnian Spring had been triggered with the workers of privatized factories which have gone bankrupt and it only took a few weeks for the students and activists to join the protests. As the anti-government protests spread around the country with 5 civilians losing their lives in the clashes, the House of Representatives decided to hold early elections; three elections, namely the elections of the Presidential Council, the Parliamentary Assembly and Gubernatorial elections, were moved to May from October. Between the years 2014-2025 the country ameliorated in aspects through passing of strict anti-corruption laws and their execution, increasing civil participation to local governance mechanisms such as the Alliance, enhancement of the rule of law. Yet, the remnants of the ethnic tensions in this former Yugoslavian country, with its unique constitutional design, began to signal a decrease in its functioning capacities. It was not until 2025, when the Presidential Council admitted this overtly: the increased inclusiveness of, especially the local governance began to make it difficult for the execution to satisfy each section of the nation with all three ethnic components. Since 2026, the Croat population have been manifestly expressing their dissatisfaction. Croats all around the Country demonstrate against the government. Even the Croat Presidential Council members, analysts say, make separatist references. For the last twenty years, the country seems to have dissolved many of the regional conflicts, whose impacts though still remain over the society. The memorials for the losses in the uprisings caused several protests and suppressed by the government. Also having a seat in Organization for Security and Co-Operation in Europe, Bosnia’s aspirations for a fullmembership to the European Union continue since being granted candidacy in 2023 until today. C. GOVERNMENT After the constitutional reform in the country, the government took shape of a more emerged republic. The state can be called more centrally managed where the two main entities, namely the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska, are to be abolished into cantons and the whole country is governed through a bicameral parliament and one president determined as a result of general elections. Parliament is led by the Prime Minister Zlatan Mujo and represented in the Senate by Bosnian, Serbian and Croat parliamentarians. I. GOVERNMENT MODEL Emerging Federal Democratic Republic II. POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS & LEADERS i. War veterans ii. Displaced persons associations iii. Bosnian family associations of missing persons iv. Private press associations D. ECONOMY With the economy and the transparency improving in Bosnia & Herzegovina; thus having their reflections on civilian life, the ballots and public polls still indicated a malcontent among the nation. Limited market reforms in the country were not sufficient enough for enhancement of an improved view in the global market. Bosnia & Herzegovina is one of the poorest European states with 101st place at the GDP ranking by 65.89 Billion $. Economy mostly depends on export of heavy material industry and transmittance of foreign aid, as well as limited metals energy. BULGARIA Conventional Long Form: Republic of Bulgaria Conventional Short Form: Bulgaria Local Long Form: Republika Balgariya Local Short Form: Balgariya A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY I. NATIONALITY Noun: Bulgarian(s) Adjective: Bulgarian Bulgarian Turkish Roma Population: 5.7 million II. Other LANGUAGES Bulgarian (official) 76.8%, Turkish 8.2%, Roma 3.8%, other 0.7%, unspecified 10.5% Literacy Rate: 986.7 % B. INTRODUCTION The Bulgarians, a Central Asian Turkic tribe, merged with the local Slavic inhabitants in the late 7th century to form the first Bulgarian state. Communist domination ended in 1990, when Bulgaria held its first multiparty election since World War II and began the contentious process of moving toward political democracy and a market economy while combating inflation, unemployment, corruption, and crime. The country joined NATO in 2004 and the EU in 2007. In 2039, Bulgaria is a geographically significant ally in NATO. As a consequence of its membership to the EU, Bulgaria was severeley tribulated with the impacts of 2025 European Economic Crisis. C. GOVERNMENT President: Андрей Кузман(Andrei Kuzman) (Partido dos Trabalhadores) Prime Minister: Blagorodna Ognyan ОгнянБлагородна (Partido dos Trabalhadores) I. GOVERNMENT MODEL Parliamentary Democracy II. POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS & LEADERS i. Confederation of Independent Trade Unions of Bulgaria or CITUB ii. Podkrepa Labor Confederation other: numerous regional, ethnic, and national interest groups with various agendas D. ECONOMY After being involved in the EU in 2007, Bulgarian economy was jolted by the global downturn of the time facing diminished domestic demand, exports, capital inflows and industrial production despite credible efforts of the Bulgarian government. GDP contracted by 5.5% in 2009, and has been slow to recover in the years since while placing the country to the 92 nd in the global ranking. Despite having a favorable investment regime, including low, flat corporate income taxes, significant challenges remain. Corruption in public administration, a weak judiciary, and the presence of organized crime continue to hamper the country's investment climate and economic prospects. E. MILITARY I. MILITARY BRANCHES Bulgarian Armed Forces: Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Bulgarian Air Forces (Bulgarski Voennovazdyshni Sily, BVVS) F. POSITION IN NATO Bulgaria joined NATO's Partnership for Peace in 1994 and applied for NATO membership in 1997. During the November 2002 Prague Summit Bulgaria was one of seven former socialist countries invited to join the Alliance. Bulgaria became a member of NATO in April 2004. The country is also working toward NATO compatibility in communications and training, and has established a Peacekeeping Training Center. In 2039, it remains as a preeminent member yet internal protests against precise conformism to NATO strategies continue in the country. G. TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES I. REFUGEES After the Arab Spring, Bulgaria was exposed to concretion of Syrian and Palestinian refugees along with numerous stateless persons. However, the position of Europe towards the issue exacerbated the country from such a corruptive involvement except for negligibly ineffective populations. II. ILLICIT DRUGS Bulgaria is a major European transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and, to a lesser degree, vulnerable to money laundering because of corruption, organized crime; some mone y laundering of drug-related proceeds through financial institutions E. MILITARY I. MILITARY BRANCHES Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina (AFBiH): Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Air and Air Defence Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina F. POSITION IN NATO The NATO Membership Action Plan (MAP) was fulfilled promptly, leading to one of the fastest accessions to the Alliance in 2017. Via NATO MAP and the privileges the Alliance offers its Members as well as the Members’ duty to maintain a certain standard in this area, the security within Bosnia and Herzegovina was able to remain steady. The civil unrest in the country resulted in a NATO involvement in 2033. The newly elected Presidency led to a concrete relief with regards to the civil unrest, while also achieving to commence the registration of immovable defense properties to the State which was NATO’s pre-condition in the admission process. All in all, although she has problems with regards to internal affairs, Bosnia and Herzegovina is known for being a contributing Ally, with her nation having a positive attitude towards the Euro-Atlantic aspirations; and with friendly neighborly relations except for Croatia for allegedly Croatia supports the Croat movement within Bosnia. CANADA Conventional long form: None Conventional short form: Canada A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY English French I. NATIONAITY Punjabi Italian Noun: Canadian(s) Spanish Adjective: Canadian German Cantonese Population: 48,4 Million Tagalog Arabic II. LANGUAGES Other English (official) 58.7%, French (official) 22%, Punjabi 1.4%, Italian 1.3%, Spanish 1.3%, German 1.3%, Cantonese 1.2%, Tagalog 1.2%, Arabic 1.1%, other 10.5% Literacy Rate:99.9% B. INTRODUCTION Gaining independence from dominance of the British crown in 1867, Canada is a stable, yet dominant country residing on the overseas lands. It is a multi-ethnic nation and a recognized country for many international platforms and organizations. Country has been a member of the OECD, the UN, the Organization of American States, the G-8 and since its very inception, NATO. As of 2040; Canada’s population consist of almost 19.8% ethnic Asians. Even though the fertility rate, 1.59 births per women in 2039, is considerably low, the population of Canada is on the rise due to the high amount of immigration towards the country. Ranking 4th in the education index, the quality of the education given at universities and postgraduate programmes act as one of the main elements that attract immigrants. Although the national prosperity is undeniably maintained, Canada still faces challenges such as meeting public demand in education, infrastructure and social services. Predominance of francophone Quebec, on the other hand constitutes a drawback for Canadian dominance over its territory. C. GOVERNMENT As mentioned in above, issue of Quebec remains as a problem on the agenda of Canadian Government since 2020. Independence seeking process of Quebec caused disaccords in the parliament several times, therefore reflecting the society. Tensions in the Quebec and the neighbouring regions raised in 2024, 2038 and recently in 2047 to a great degree. In 2040, a referendum was held in Quebec, questioning the will of the people for a separate, sovereign Quebec. 49.2% of Quebec’s population voted in favour of separation, showing the will of the half to separate but turning al ost from the edge. After decision to remain as part of the country, protests eased on the societal dimension, but debates i the parliament remained. I. GOVERNMENT MODEL Parliamentary Democracy II. POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS & LEADERS i. Federation for Sovereign Quebec ii. Business Groups iii. Francophone iv. Environmentalists v. Trade Unions D. ECONOMY In 2010s Canada was among the ten strongest economies in the world according to many international financial institutions; ranked 8th or 9th during 2010s. However, with the growing household debt of the public and lack of innovative advancements; the rank of Canada decreased to 15th in 2020s. The downtrend slowed down but not perished for the last two decades. Currently, country holds the 17th position in the ranking of GDPs world-wide by 2,665.38 Billion $. Canadian investments are mainly focused on oil reserve investigations in the outer ocean which met protests of environmentalist groups and health industry mostly for fighting against the Red Horse epidemic together with the US. E. MILITARY I. MILITARY BRANCHES Canadian Army, Royal Canadian Navy, Royal Canadian Air Force, Canada Cyber-Command F. POSITION IN NATO Canada has been a member of the Alliance since its establishment. Although the country is not a dominant voice, especially plays active role in enhancement of cooperation and security in the North Atlantic duties of the Alliance. Canada’s foreign policy and stance within NATO in especial, remain unchanged for the most part. Country’s decisions mostly carry parallelism with the US’s, especially on the situation of the Islamic State. Recent communique released stating necessity of serious defense measures against the IS threat were prepared mostly on the efforts of both countries and passed unanimously. G. ENERGY Canada’s commitment to the environment fell back in the last years with shortage of energy sources. Therefore the statement of “Canada’s green growth and sustainable development policies are balanced with its current petroleum production” is not a valid argument. With the world’s third largest oil reserves, Canada currently strives to be one of the leading countries dealing with petroleum production.. In this regard, the global warming seem to be in benefit for Canada; with the Northwest Passage available for transportation for the most the year as a considerable portion of the ice-layer has melted, Canada’s oil transfer is highly enhanced. H. TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES I. DISPUTES Furthermore, the Passage that came into the picture after melting down of the Northern glaciers, proposing a route considerably shorter than Panama is becoming more and more useful for foreign ships to pass between the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans. Dispute over the status of the Passage between Canada and the EU continue. CROATIA Conventional long form: Republic of Croatia Conventional short form: Croatia Local long form: Republika Hrvatska Local short form: Hrvatska Former: People's Republic of Croatia, Socialist Republic of Croatia A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY I. NATIONAITY noun: Croat(s), Croatian(s) Croatian Serbian adjective: Croatian Other Unspecified Population: 4.9 Million II. LANGUAGES Croatian (official) 95.6%, Serbian 1.2%, other 3%, unspecified 0.2% Literacy Rate: %97.7 B. INTRODUCTION Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia in 1991 and cleared it lands from Serb armies completely in 1995. Since the Croatian-UN cooperation in emigration of Serb population from the territory, country built strong relations with international organizations such as the UN, EU and NATO in particular. It is an active participant in the UN peacekeeping forces and NATO-led operations and missions. With its strategic location by the Mediterranean Sea, Croatia constitutes great importance in military, economic and political means. C. GOVERNMENT Croatian separatist movement in the late 2020s met criticisms and discontent in the Alliance mostly from the US. Though, transition into a more dictating central administration brought dissolvent of contrarian campaigns against government reforms. The seats in the congress are allocated four major parties; Croatian Democratic Union, Croatian People's Party, Social Democratic Party of Croatia and Labor Party. I. GOVERNMENT MODEL Parliamentary Democracy II. POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS & LEADERS i. Human rights groups ii. Federation for labor groups iii. Trade unions D. ECONOMY Housing investments increased in numbers in the last decade from the Belgian, Dutch and the Germans on the coastlines. As one of the wealthiest countries of the former Yugoslavia, Croatia showed an outstanding development performance between years 2020-2030. The State was considered among the rare European economies that grows sustainably among the authorities, yet currently is the 87th with 77.98 Billion $ in the latest global GDP ranking, making it among the ten EU member states with the least amount of GDP per capita within the Alliance. The main growthgenerating sector is tourism, accounting for 25% of the total GDP with an ever increasing rate. Customs and trade revenues are considered vital for improvement of the national economy. E. MILITARY I. MILITARY BRANCHES Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia (Oruzane Snage Republike Hrvatske, OSRH) consists of five major commands directly subordinate to a General Staff: Ground Forces (Hrvatska Kopnena Vojska, HKoV), Naval Forces (Hrvatska Ratna Mornarica, HRM; includes coast guard), Air Force and Air Defense Command (Hrvatsko Ratno Zrakoplovstvo I Protuzracna Obrana), Joint Education and Training Command, Logistics Command; Military Police Force supports each of the three Croatian military forces. F. POSITION IN NATO The country joined NATO in April 2009 and ever since is represented actively in the NATOled operations especially on missions held in the Mediterranean peninsula. Croatia has also been considerably supportive of NATO’s stance in the international arena that embraces the Responsibility to Protect. CZECH REPUBLIC Conventional long form: Czech Republic Conventional short form: Czech Republic Local long form: Ceska republika Local short form: Cesko A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY I. NATIONAITY Noun: Czech(s) Czech Slovak Adjective: Czech Population: 9.7 Million II. LANGUAGES Czech 95.4%, Slovak 1.6%, other 3% Literacy Rate: 98.1% Other B. INTRODUCTION After the World War I, the Czechs and Slovaks of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire merged to form Czechoslovakia. Czech Republic gained independence from Czechoslovakia on the eve of World War II when Germany invaded the region as today’s Czech Republic. Czech Republic currently remains pro-European in the meantime intensifying its cooperation with the rest of the ‘Visegrad Four’ states, Slovakia, Hungary and Poland while on some instances opposing the United Kingdom regarding economic policies in the EU. Yet, it remains active on the international arena, raising its voice in the last decades. Country is facing multiple problems regarding its population; firstly it is aging, 56% of the population is over 65. Secondly, the overall population growth rate is -1.5%, and the government has been following policies aiming to increase the population, however with little success. C. GOVERNMENT Led by the President Milan Marek of the Christian and Democratic Union, has been a supporter of enhanced relations with the European Union and has been mediator in signing of multiple treaties regarding military and technical cooperation. Czech parliamentary system accommodates multiple sights and country is one of the rare parliamentary systems recognizing independents in the chamber. Nearly equal allocation of the seats in the senate indicates representation of different blocs at a draw level. I. GOVERNMENT MODEL Socialist Democracy II. POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS & LEADERS None D. ECONOMY The landlocked European State has become a stable economy in the neighboring geography holding 54th place in the global GDP ranking by 277.017 Billion $. Country’s economy continues its steady growth and relies heavily on transportation equipment. In 2041, President Marek conducted the ceremonial first ride of the uber-speed train between Prague and Bratislava, built with the common efforts of Slovak and Czech governments. Trial was the first the application of uber speed transportation technology in Europe and the Middle East. Above all, Czech Republic established strong relations with Germany, particularly due to advanced economic integration between the two countries, as well as the latter's direct investments in the former. E. MILITARY I. MILITARY BRANCHES Army of the Czech Republic (Armada Ceske Republiky): Joint Cyber Forces Command F. POSITION IN NATO The Czech Republic became member of the Alliance in 1999 and ever since carries out a steady indulge towards the decisions of it. In the last two decades, country involved more in the decision making process with its developing military actions and involvement in the Europe as a funder. Czech Republic’s involvement was not only in the policy making; the country doubled its intelligence contribution to the Organization, therefore taking part in the NATO missions overseas requiring technological infrastructure. G. TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES I. REFUGEES Stateless persons: 2,145 (2042 measures) DENMARK Conventional Long Form: Kingdom Of Denmark Conventional Short Form: Denmark Local Long Form: Kongeriget Danmark Local Short Form: Danmark A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY I. NATIONALITY Noun: Dane(s) Adjective: Danish Bulgarian Roman Turkish Other Population: 6.14 million II. LANGUAGES Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic, German and English, English is the predominant second language. Literacy Rate: 99.3 % B. INTRODUCTION A member of the EU, OSCE and the Council of Europe; Denmark continues to demonstrate practices that form an example to the international arena with regards to human rights, and transparent and accountable governance. The Kingdom, in its current status in European integration, reflects the will of the Danish population which is reluctant in EU-related policies of the State. Therefore the Kingdom’s opt-outs in fields of (1) citizenship, (2) economic and monetary union, (3) defense policy, (4)justice and home affairs remain. Out of the Euro-zone, Denmark faced no major issues in 2010s. Contrary to debates in Mediterranean countries, Danish social welfare state continues to provide large scale public services. However, after the debates over the unemployment compensation payment and the news that exposed some people’s preference not to work since the unemployment compensation payment was higher than an average income, the Danish government radically changed the public service provision in the second half of the 2010s. Such an intervention helped decelerating the indifference towards employment, yet Denmark could not avoid the severe impacts of the economic crisis in Europe and had to further decrease the level of provision of public goods. Denmark has continued to take roles in the western alliances. It is a major humanitarian and development aid provider in comparison to aid/GDP ratio. Denmark did not face any security threats, in accordance with its geographical location, except for one to come. With the rising temperature and the meltdown in the North Pole, new gas and oil reserves will be available for exploitation, which brings Scandinavian countries face to face with Russia. There have already been disputes over the exploration and exploitation of the resources. Therefore, Denmark acts as a committed member of the Alliance and participates in its operations with any responsible way; in this regard, Denmark’s contribution to Allied Cyber Forces needs to be commended. C. GOVERNMENT Denmark is governed with constitutional monarchy. The leader of the Social Democrats, Karen Angelo Hækkerup, currently serves as the Prime Minister of the Nation. The Danish Parliament is majorly occupied by the Social Democrats with 87 seats. I. GOVERNMENT TYPE Constitutional Monarchy II. POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS & LEADERS Confederation of Danish Employers or DA Confederation of Danish Industries Confederation of Danish Labor Unions (Landsorganisationen) or LO DaneAge Association Danish Society for Nature Conservation D. ECONOMY Denmark has stepped forward in modern market economy in the last decades, particularly in pioneer sectors such as pharmaceuticals and renewable energy. Its stitched bond with the EU exposes the country to all fluctuations within the region yet enriches the level of foreign trade. With distinctly priv eledged standards of living, the Danish government is magnanimous in terms of maintaining high welfare and distributing income equitably. The country is a raw material importer yet enjoys the surplus of energy and food exports. After the first economic cri sis in late 2010s, Denmark encountered high level of household indebtness and a significant drop of consumer confidence, thereby having its aggregate demand significantly diminished. The impacts of late 2020 European Economic Crisis was quite similar to those of 2010s except for the exponential ebb of employment and investment in the country. Most conspicuously, Denmark strengthens its monetary and political relationships with the EU however encounters relatively more severe cycles of economic crisis as the relationship improves. E. MILITARY I. MILITARY BRANCHES Defense Command Army Operational Command Admiral Danish Fleet Arctic Command Tactical Air Command Home Guard F. POSITION IN NATO As a founding member of NATO, Denmark has retained its membership since 1949. Of the five million Danes, roughly 80 percent of the population supports the Danish Armed Forces and its relationship with NATO. Recruiting for their traditional defense structure has not been a challenge for Denmark and its retention of troops has provided forces for numerous worldwide operations including KFOR (Kosovo Force), NTMI (NATO Training Mission), Operation Active Endeavor, Counter-piracy support in the Horn of Africa, AMIS (African Union Mission in Sudan), and ISAF (International Security Assistance Forces). Seven hundred Danish Soldiers contributed to NATO efforts in Afghanistan as the objective of the Danish involvement is to support the building up of an Afghan society that is democratic and stable. In 2008, Denmark decided to increase its military efforts, bringing the total to 750 Soldiers, making it the largest troop-contributing nation to ISAF as measured per capita. G. TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES I. DISPUTES The issue of the extension of the continental shelf of the Faroe Islands still remains as an unsolved conflict between Iceland, Ireland, UK and Denmark . II. REFUGEES Stateless persons: 4,952(2047 census) ESTONIA Conventional long form: Republic of Estonia Conventional short form: Estonia Local long form: Eesti Vabariik Local short form: Eesti Former: Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY I. NATIONALITY Noun: Estonian(s) Adjective: Estonian Estonian Russian Ukranian Other Unspecified Population: 1,231,000 II. LANGUAGES Estonian (official) 68.5%, Russian 29.6%, Ukrainian 0.6%, other 1.2%, unspecified 0.1% Literacy Rate: 97.7% B. INTRODUCTION After living under hegemony of Denmark, Sweden, Germany and Russia, Estonia gained independence in 1918.Country holds a strategically advantageous location in Europe, therefore is an important spot for international organizations’ military positioning. Most significantly, in Cooperative Cyber Defense, which has scheduled a series of training programs for Member-States especially pursuant to the organizational reform, is currently residing in the Baltic Republic. Apart from that, certain incidents are considered to cause ethnic discrimination against Russian living in Estonia. For instance, the authorities' relocation of a Soviet war memorial late 2034 sparked angry protests by ethnic Russians in Estonia. In this regard, the EU and Council of Europe issued a number of statements and reports on minority rights. Although the protests have not resulted in massive civil unrest, the increasing demand of the Russian population for indigenous rights have is noteworthy especially from the Council of Europe perspective. The State’s significance is maintenance of balance in the Baltic geography, the region and the international community as a whole. C. GOVERNMENT Estonia pursues the origins by sustaining parliamentary method of management. Government is led by Prime Minister Taavi Rõivas from the Estonian Reform Party enjoying his third term of leadership. I. GOVERNMENT MODEL Parliamentary Republic II. None POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS & LEADERS D. ECONOMY As located in the heart of Europe, Estonia is the trading power as a motor for growth in the European Union since its accession in 2004. Estonia’s efforts on promoting political and economic ties with the Union turned its face towards the Alliance with the economic turmoil in the Union. Country currently is struggling to be an active voice in the Alliance, at least in the decision making process economically. Country’s major income is from the telecommunications and electronics. Investments are with encouragement of Estonian Government focused mostly on these two sectors trying to advantage on niche industries. Signing trade agreements with Russia, Germany and Croatia, country took great risk by committing to a socialist power and ignoring the US and UK. E. MILITARY I. MILITARY BRANCHES Land Force (Maavagi), Air Force (Ohuvagi), Defense League (Kaitseliit) F. POSITION IN NATO Estonia became member of the Alliance in 2004 and ever since is becoming more involved in the debates. Although not a dominant power, Estonia’s geographic situation makes it an opportunity for positioning of NATO bases in the Northern peninsula. Country is a supporter of its neighboring countries in the Alliance and does not hold the old grudges against nations having Soviet origins. FRANCE Conventional long form: French Republic Conventional short form: France Local long form: Republique Française Local short form: France A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY I. NATIONALITY Noun: Frenchman (men), Frenchwoman (women) Adjective: French Population: 76.9 Million II. LANGUAGES French (official) 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects and languages (Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish) Literacy Rate: 99.9% B. INTRODUCTION As an example to developing countries for modernization and adapting societal dynamics to technology era, France is a dominant country on the international arena. Country is today holds the position as a leading power active in decision making processes of multilateral organizations its member of. It is currently member in the United Nations Security Council, NATO, the G-8, the G-20, and the EU. Although France is an active state in international diplomacy in 2049, compared to the past, its activity in the global politics and the global economy have decreased dramatically. It took more than a decade for France to recover from the 2008 economic crisis and the recovery has been disappointing for the French. The failure of President Hollande, who has assumed presidency since 2017, has strengthened the right and far-right movements in France. From that period till date, the aggressive French ruling ceased in a considerable manner. Furthermore, being subject to several unfortunate terrorist attacks caused public intimidation on behalves of the French society. Islamophobia remains an inevitable problem, especially at the presence of the Islamic State as an independent country. Anti-immigrant and conservative policies have been subjected to harsh criticisms in 2020s and some say the outcome has been the uprisings in 2031. With the rise of nationalism, working-class immigrants from the Eastern Europe and the Middle East suffered from xenophobia, the number of cases brought before the European Courts of Human Rights have increased radically since early 2010s and as of today, France is the fourth State who is found by the Court to have breached the European Convention of Human Rights the most (following Turkey, Russia and Bulgaria; yet the number of cases should not be compared). The cases focus on freedom of conscience and religion, and prohibition of discrimination in this regard. C. GOVERNMENT The country is governed by the Movement Group under the leadership of Benoit Luc Pietrus in 2049. After the weak recovery in France under the socialist leadership of François Hollande from 2012 to 2017, presidency of Nicolas Sarkozy from 2017 to 2022 and Marine Le Pen from the far-right National Front, Pietrus came to power with a huge win. French society is represented by diverse voices in the parliament by; Union for a Popular Movement Group, Socialist Group, Communist Group, Europe Ecology – The Greens, European Democratic and Social Rally and Independents. The French Parliament is led by Tony Muriel Ignace standing for renovation policies. I. GOVERNMENT MODEL Republic II. POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS & LEADERS i. Confederation Francaise Democratique du Travail (French Democratic Confederation of Labor) ii. Confederation francaise des travailleurs chretiens (French Confederation of Christian Workers) or CFTC, independent labor union founded by Catholic workers iii. Confederation generale du travail (General Confederation of Labor) or CGT, historically communist labor union iv. Confederation generale du travail - Force ouvriere (General Confederation of Labor - Worker's Force) or FO D. ECONOMY French economy, contrary to country’s political manner, has been through an immoderate period, yet managed to stand on its feet. However, this was not effective enough to build trust to the French economy since country faced several fluctuations. Wave of the economic turmoil hit French markets hard and even caused a French Bank to declare bankruptcy. This recession, however had only short term effects. With changing of balances in the EU and UK’s abandon, France settled on a leveraged position and currently is among the 10 largest economies in the GDP ranking world-wide by 6,980.54 Billion $. Companies are mostly privatized but there are not much left after numbers of bankruptcies in the crisis term. Despite the far eastern economies’ dominance and Germany’s leading power, France remains on the solid ground in monetary means. E. MILITARY I. MILITARY BRANCHES Army (Armee de Terre; includes Marines, Foreign Legion, Army Light Aviation), Navy (Marine Nationale), Air Force (Armee de l'Air (AdlA); includes Air Defense) F. POSITION IN NATO France became part of the Alliance again in 2009, following De Gaulle’s abandonment in 1966. It continues to be an avid member of the Alliance and sees herself as the patron of her previous colonies in Western Africa. Nevertheless, the diplomatic and economic disorder in the EU severely deteriorated the relations and brought a standstill. Although not the most radical member, France manages to envision its stance in the debates. Particularly speaking, the Alliance’s stance against the Islamic State and existence of an independent Kurdistan are main concerns according to the country that must be resolved immediately and the military positioning of the Alliance should be enlarged in the eastern direction. G. ENERGY France has almost duplicated its energy investments in the last decade. Bioenergy implications are mostly leaded by the French authorities in Europe. Not to mention, renewable energy has been one of the main concerns, after lately French Parliament’s decision on financial aid and tax deduction to residences promoting energy from renewable sources. France was one of the fastest countries to take measures towards alternative energy sources after shortage of petroleum in the late 2030s. Alternatives include biogas technology and hybrid modeling addition to renewable sources. FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Conventional Long Form: Republic of Macedonia Conventional Short Form: Macedonia Local Long Form: Republika Makedonija Local Short Form: Makedonija Note: The provisional designation used by NATO is the "former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" (FYROM) Former: People's Republic of Macedonia, Socialist Republic of Macedonia A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY I. NATIONALITY Noun: Macedonian(s) Adjective: Macedonian II. LANGUAGES Macedonian (official) 66.5%, Albanian (official) 25.1%, Turkish 3.5%, Roma 1.9%, Serbian 1.2%, other 1.8% Literacy Rate: 93.7% Population: 2.1 Million B. INTRODUCTION Since gaining its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, Macedonia has contributed significantly to NATO-led missions. Although two countries agreed to normalize relations in 1995, Greece’s objection to the new state's use of what it considered a Hellenic name and symbols did not have an end. Due to the lack of an acceptable solution for the name issue, Macedonia’s accession was blocked by the Greece at the Alliance’s Summit of Bucharest in 2008.In the transitory process, the provisional designation "the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" was decided to use even though the US and over 170 other nations have recognized Macedonia by its constitutional name, Republic of Macedonia. USA played a leading role in seeking reconciliation and as a result of the political pressure made by USA, Greece revoked its blockade. Ohrid Framework Agreement (OFA) which ended the conflict between ethnic minorities, also led to new regulations regarding the economic inequities and the promotion of minority rights. By FYROM’s official candidacy to the European Union in 2005, OFA gained importance while the country faced some challenges implementing it. In the late 2020’s, Macedonian Parliament worked rigorously to prepare legislations which will meet EU standards. Macedonian Government managed to fulfill these EU criteria, despite the fact that there were some certain conflicts among nationalists and democrats in the parliament on almost every issue during the legislative process. Macedonia’s admission to the EU is still on hold. C. GOVERNMENT Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) has 67 seats in the parliament while 43 of the seats belong to the representatives from Social Democratic Union of Macedonia. Recognition of local autonomies of the minorities with the emphasis of unitary state and enhancement of economic conditions was the main policy objectives of the Macedonia for late 2040’s and these goals were achieved to the efforts of the government led by Radoslav Milka while developing good neighboring relations especially with Bulgaria. I. GOVERNMENT MODEL Parliamentary Democracy II. POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS AND LEADERS i. Federation of Free Trade Unions ii. Federation of Trade Unions iii. Trade Union of Education, Science and Culture D. ECONOMY Since its independence Macedonia has seen substantial economic growth and alleviation of unemployment rate in last two decades. Macedonia sustained its economic stability during the global financial crisis by keeping the domestic currency (MKD) fixed against Euro. AMBO pipeline (Albanian Macedonian Bulgarian Oil Pipeline) which is seen as an alternative to the South Stream Project, fostered the economic development of the country, created jobs and thus provided a robust GDP growth in 2040’s. E. MILITARY I. MILITARY BRANCHES Army of the Republic of Macedonia (ARM) i. General Staff and subordinate Joint Operational Command, ii. Training and Doctrine Command, iii. Special Operations Regiment F. POSITION IN NATO Former to its membership to the Alliance, FYROM was a key partner, cooperating with NATO operations in the region, i.e. ISAF and especially the Kosovo mission of 1999 and received assistance from Alliance regarding the refugees back in those days. The NATO Liaison Office in Skopje was once again transformed into a military headquarter after the Kosovo Force (KFOR) mission was ended. The focus point of the co-operation between FYROM is essentially defense and security sector. With its contribution to regional stability in southeastern Europe, Macedonia was a welcome addition to NATO hence Euro - Atlantic integration is considered as the best way to ensure harmony and self-sustaining security in the long term. G. TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES I. DISPUTES Since the demarcation of the borders with Kosovo in 2008, FYROM’s only transnational dispute was the one with Greece regarding the usage of the name “Macedonia”. Greece did not persuasively object when USA was the broker for reconciliations regarding the FYROM’s accession to NATO in 2034, however in the process of accession negotiations to the EU, the name issue was on the table again and by Greece’s strong objections, the issue remains unresolved and FYROM’s EU Candidacy is frozen. -REFUGEES Stateless Persons: 1905 (2048 Measures) In the year 2020, FYROM acceded to the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness and with the assistance of UNHCR regarding the asylum seekers, FYROM provided high quality asylum procedures and durable solutions to the people mainly from Roma and Egyptian origin. GERMANY Conventional long form: Federal Republic of Germany Conventional short form: Germany Local long form: Bundesrepublik Deutschland Local short form: Deutschland Former: German Empire, German Republic, German Reich A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY I. NATIONALITY Noun: German(s) Adjective: German Population: 75.9 Million II. LANGUAGES German (official) %100, (regional languages; Lower Sorbian, North Frisian, Sater Frisian, Upper Sorbian) Literacy Rate: 99.9% B. INTRODUCTION After the heavy defeat broke country apart with two devastating World Wars, Germany was the power coming out victorious from European power struggles. In 2049, country is in economic and political means, a true leader in Europe. These leverages made Germany a key member of defense, economic and political organizations such as the EU, NATO and a permanent seat in the UNSC. Unemployment rates dropped by another 0.5% since 2025Around 60% of the population is active in the service industry, while around 20% work in industrial facilities. Due to the high level of mechanization, high rates of qualitative production are achieved with only a limited percentage of manpower. Agricultural products are predominantly imported, regarding Germany’s climatic conditions, but also high production in milk, meat and their products, and suitable vegetables is reached. Germany has intense economic relations with France, the Netherlands and the United States. The population of Germany has reached 75.9 million, with an overwhelming flow of immigrants from Portugal, Italy, Romania, Poland and Bulgaria. Consequently the government has been exercising anti-migration policies, which have been leading to tension in the European Union platforms. The concentration of working class immigrants in conservative cities such as Munich and Frankfurt has been the cause of in cohesion and minor skirmishes. Regardless of the flow of young workers, the overall population has been aging and 22 million people are over the age of 65. The population is also known to be growing more conservative with increasing intolerance towards foreigners. Further tension is caused by the high unemployment pays which is subjected to criticism as it makes the population passive towards employment. Germany is a significant key player in international relations. It has a mediating and equalizing role, and keeps its position distanced to possible high-handed actions by its allies, such as in matters such as military intervention. C. GOVERNMENT Christian Democratic Union of Germany’s undeniable ascend brought success and Heidi Anniken became the President of federal republic. In the parliament, representation has sharp differences in ideologies recognizing the Left Party and the social democrats in the meantime. I. GOVERNMENT MODEL Federal republic II. POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS & LEADERS i. business associations and employers' organizations ii. trade unions; religious, immigrant, expellee, and veterans groups D. ECONOMY Germany’s economic hegemony in European borders pursues since in 1999, inception of transition towards a single exchange currency, “euro”. Germany is currently the wealthiest nation in Europe and holding the 6th place in global GDP ranking. Country is the heavy-weight of the European Union, supporting the Mediterranean economies and Euro-zone as a whole and is the only European country in the top five largest economies list. Germany’s strong economy relies on advanced industry and information technologies, as well as manufacturing automobiles, machinery and electronic goods. Infrastructure development became an income channels for Germany leading many other countries in the Middle East and Northern Europe to outsource their technological and defense systems infrastructures to country. Germany is a leading exporter in automotive, household equipment machinery and construction. Years of input in technical education created a monopoly in engineering, thus bringing revenue from brain power. Furthermore, country became sponsor to many dual good movements putting efforts on enhancement of welfare state standards for unemployed, displaced and stateless persons residing in Germany. E. MILITARY I. MILITARY BRANCHES Federal Armed Forces (Bundeswehr): Army (Heer); Navy (Deutsche Marine, includes naval air arm); Air Force (Luftwaffe); German Cyber Defence Command; Joint Support Services (Streitkraeftebasis, SKB); Central Medical Service (currently, Service’s compliances are mostly assigned to fighting against Red Horse disease) F. POSITION IN NATO Germany is a radical member in the Alliance. On some agendas, Germany shows reaction contrary to the US and other dominating countries. NATO missions carried out within European borders are supervised and funded by Germany since country’s accession to the UNSC as a permanent member. Turkish majority residing in the German borders and Turkey’s stance in the Middle East is one of the main concerns of Germany with the growing islamophobia in Europe. Country has many allies and partisan political pressure groups in the Alliance particularly from the developing European countries. Germany also played crucial role in enlargement of NATO and accession of the current members of the Asian Cooperation Act for Greater Alliance by involving in the bilateral talks representing the Organization. Furthermore, NATO Cyber-Defense Strategy is mainly shaped and structured by the German initiatives. Current infrastructure is designed and implemented on the efforts of the US, Germany and Japan. Increasing of the Cyber Defense Capabilities is a topic Germany brought into the scene considering the latest cyber-attacks towards both German Government and to the NATO Head Quarters’ Information System. G. ENERGY Germany has managed to cease its nuclear activities in the mid-2030s and officially declared the replacement policy towards renewable, sustainable energy sources. Government investments on energy are canalized totally on solar energy and hybrid machines development. %32 of Europe’s solar capability is on German lands and country is generating %42 of its electricity from that source. GREECE Conventional Long Form: Hellenic Republic Conventional Short Form: Greece Local Long Form: Elliniki Dimokratia Local Short Form: Ellas or Ellada former: Kingdom of Greece A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY I. NATIONALITY Noun: Greek(s) Adjective: Greek Population: 9,382,000 II. LANGUAGES Greek (official) 99%, other (includes English and French) 1% Literacy Rate: 94.9% Ethnic Groups Greek Others B. INTRODUCTION In 1952 Greece joined NATO, following its defeat in WW2. In 2001, Greece was the 12th member of the European Economic and Monetary Union. In 2010, a question was raised whether a member state can leave the common currency. Starting in January 2015 with the rise of The Coalition of Radical Left, known as the acronym SYRIZA, the political and social impacts of the crisis have not vanished; on quite the contrary, it caused domestic turmoil during 2020s. Despite euro scepticism and talks of a return to Greek currency, Drahmi, Greece decided to stay with the Eurozone due to increasing EU-dependency. C. GOVERNMENT The years of social chaos and economic crisis has brought nothing but instability to Greece, as a result, voters of the debt-ridden nation chose New Democracy instead of the ruling left-wing coalition SYRIZA. New Democracy has won 183 of the 300 seats with landslide while SYRIZA held only 56 of them. New Democracy led by Vivian Keramidas is in general a supporter of the greater economic liberalization, including privatization and lower taxes, and is a strong supporter of European integration-unlike the SYRIZA. I. GOVENRMENT MODEL Parliamentary Republic II. Political Pressure Groups and Leaders i. Supreme Administration of Civil Servants Unions or ADEDY ii. Federation of Greek Industries or SEV iii. General Confederation of Greek Workers or GSEE iv. D. ECONOMY Suffering from low growth rate, high unemployment rate and unpreventable rates of foreign debt, Greece is a “weak link” in the Euro-zone. Unavoidable rise of the current account deficit, increased its EU-dependency and thus plans for leaving the EU, failed. Recession in Russia and surrounding region affected Greece for the worse, in this sense. After the years of recession, country underwent a recovery process. E. MILITARY I. MILITARY BRANCHES i. Hellenic Army ii. Hellenic Navy iii. Hellenic Air Force F. POSITION IN NATO As proven in the last 100 years of NATO, Southern region of the Alliance is of great importance, Greece -with its strategic location near the Middle East and North Africa region and close vicinity to South Eastern Europe- is an indispensable Ally Although there are different views among citizens regarding the economic conditions a broad consensus has developed among Greeks regarding the substantive and unique role of NATO in ensuring the collective defence and security of its members. As the country integrated more into NATO, it has enhanced its defence capacity and established a steady security policy regarding the improvements in various sectors. Greek accession to the Alliance has extended and strengthened its army’s position in terms of operational capacity, infrastructure and training. G. TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES I. DISPUTES One of the most important disputes of Greece is the territorial disputes in the Aegean Sea with Turkey. Additionally, Greece experiences minority problems in Albania and opposes the official title of “Republic of Macedonia” claiming the right to use Hellenistic symbols belongs only to Greece. II. REFUGEES Starting with the Syrian Refugee Crisis, country was exposed to growing number of refugees not only from Syria, but also from Eritrea and other MENA countries. Durable solutions were offered by the UNHCR, in order to provide services to the refugees and asylum seekers. HUNGARY Conventional Long Form: none Conventional Short Form: Hungary Local Long Form: none Local Short Form: Magyarorszag A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY I. NATIONALITY Noun: Hungarian(s) Adjective: Hungarian Population: 9,350,112 II. LANGUAGES Hungarian 84.6%, other or unspecified 16.4% Literacy Rate: 91.9% B. INTRODUCTION Hungary has joined the Alliance in 1999 and the EU in 2004. The EU concerns over what it considers as Hungary's failure to respect European democratic standards since 2010 became a focus point of Hungary in the following years. Subsequently, Hungary’s approach towards EU changed and it transformed into an eager country, striving for better standards and economic shares. However the new constitution which throws out the checks and balances system and brings the ruling party in a position which holds all the power, makes its eagerness arguable. Hungary, with its almost 10 million populations and strong share of manpower, continued to be one of the engine powers of Europe and the region in the 2030’s. C. GOVERNMENT Anti-Semitic, anti-gypsy tendencies among the society has increased in 2040’s and it was reflected to the parliament with the overwhelming majority of the Christian Democratic People’s Party which owned 159 of 199 seats under the leadership of Janos Ader. I. GOVERNMENT MODEL Parliamentary Democracy II. POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS & LEADERS i. Air Work Group ii. Danube Circle iii. Fourth Republic or 4K! iv. Green Future v. Hungarian Civil Liberties Union vi. Hungarian Helsinki Committee vii. Szolidaritas viii. Civil Osszefogas Forum ix. Hungarian Ornithological and Nature Conservation Society or MME x. Green Alternative D. ECONOMY Direct and indirect foreign investments in the Hungary are extensive. These investments have shifted from processed food and textile to production of renewable energy and luxury vehicles by the course of time. In the early 2020’s, similar to the couple of European Countries, Hungary experienced a credit downgrade. Political stability provided economic stability to the country even though the aggressive taxation methods were criticized. E. MILITARY I. MILITARY BRANCHES Hungarian Defense Forces: i. Land Forces, ii. Air Forces E. POSITION IN NATO Hungary is a loyal and solidary opponent to the Alliance. Its main motives of entering the Alliance were primarily to ensure a stable, peaceful and secure environment in the long run and also to integrate into the society of the developed states. It can be said that Hungary’s membership fulfilled these expectations. Taking a part in the international decision making process, especially for a Balkan country is a major step into the modern world and Hungary’s enthusiasm paves the way for further contributions to the Alliance. G. TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES High rates of adolescents traveling abroad for education, lead to some cases of brain drain; however, it also supported the country in its further development. As a member state which forms the external border of the EU, Hungary has implemented the strict scrutiny regarding the Schengen Rules. ICELAND Conventional Long Form: Republic of Iceland Conventional Short Form: Iceland Local Long Form: Lydveldid Island Local Short Form: Island A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY I. NATIONALITY Noun: Icelander(s) Adjective: Icelandic Population: 416.000 II. LANGUAGES Icelandic, English, Nordic languages, German widely spoken B. INTRODUCTION It took almost 10 years for Iceland to fully recover from the economic crisis of 2008 and the fear of being affected by another possible Euro-zone crisis was subsistent in general. There was no consensus among society for EU membership and as promised in 2013 by the conservative government, a referendum was hold on the issue in 2017, consequently Iceland terminated pursuing EU Membership, but is still a close ally of the Union. C. GOVERNMENT A coalition government between the Progressive Party (26/63) and Independence Party (20/63) was formed after the latest election by Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson from the Progressives. Left-wing’s low profile in the elections was frustrating and yet foreseeable for most of its components in the Parliament. I. GOVERNMENT TYPE Constitutional republic D. POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS & LEADERS None E. ECONOMY After the hit of the financial crisis in 2008, the banking sector was almost vulnerable to collapse but Icelandic economy steadily recovered following its application to the IMF for emergency financial aid. Although foreign assets and the tourism incomes played significant role in the advancement of the Iceland’s economic conditions, nowadays the software production and biotechnology are also the fields which are in demand. Considering 40% of Iceland’s economy depends on fishing –in particular, whaling- the environmental change and the diminishing of the economic capabilities of Iceland highly influential on the foreign policy of Iceland. F. MILITARY I. MILITARY BRANCHES No regular military forces; Icelandic National Police; Icelandic Coast Guard G. POSITION IN NATO Since Iceland has no regular military forces, it contributes to the Alliance financially and with civilian personnel. Iceland conducts an air defense and surveillance system (IADS) as a part of the Air Defense System of NATO and IADS supports NATO allied air surveillance missions in Iceland in order to insure that air sovereignty is preserved. Iceland focuses on NATO’s role in disarmament and non-proliferation, and also the common values of the Alliance, particularly the rule of law and collective defence strategies and the indivisibility of security. H. TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES I. DISPUTES Continental Shelf disputes regarding the Rockall and Faroe Islands’ remained dormant. However, in the case of Faroe Islands with Denmark, a suit was filed against Iceland claiming it violated the European Economic Area Agreement regarding the fisheries, this issue is expected to resolve in 2050. INDONESIA Conventional Long Form: Republic of Indonesia Conventional Short Form: Indonesia Local Long Form: Republik Indonesia Local Short Form: Indonesia Former: Netherlands East Indies, Dutch East Indies A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY I. NATIONALITY Javanese Noun: Indonesian(s) Sundanese Adjective: Indonesian Batak Population: 6.14 million II. LANGUAGES Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), Eng lish, Dutch, local dialects (of which the most widely spoken is Javanese) Note: more than 700 languages are used in Indonesia Literacy Rate: 95.46 % Other INTRODUCTION The Dutch began to colonize Indonesia in the early 17th century; Japan occupied the islands from 1942 to 1945. Indonesia declared its independence shortly before Japan's surrender, but it required four years of sometimes brutal fighting, intermittent negotiations, and UN mediation before the Netherlands agreed to transfer sovereignty in 1949. Indonesia preserves its populous thus large state properties yet faces severe poverty especially for the absence of accessible clean water and food sources. With the positive impacts of modern era’s technological advancements, the literacy rate in the count ry has increased and the educational system is thriving to obtain a hybrid style of West and traditional. The justice and home affairs is heavily fluctuated due to the level of population. The Red Horse disease has spread an incredible panic to the public and the poverty issue is prospected to alleviate the spread of any potential disease. Indonesia is now the world's third most populous democracy, the world's largest archipelagic state, and the world's largest Muslim-majority nation. Current issues include: alleviating poverty, improving education, preventing terrorism, consolidating democracy after four decades of authoritarianism, implementing economic and financial reforms, stemming corruption, reforming the criminal justice system, holding the military and police accountable for human rights violations, addressing climate change, and controlling infectious diseases, particularly those of global and regional importance. B. GOVERNMENT I. GOVERNMENT MODEL Republic II. POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS & LEADERS Commission for the "Disappeared" and Victims of Violence or Kontra Indonesia Corruption Watch or ICW Indonesian Forum for the Environment or WALHI C. ECONOMY Indonesia began its economic growth despite the severe global financial crisis in 2008. In mid 2020s, India’s continuous growth entered the negative side of the business circle causing investments and incomes to diminish significantly. As another consequence of the reverse cycle, Indonesia currently faces labor unrest and high oil price issues. The cycle is prospected to invert much more than its early stages as the population size maintains its exponential growth rate. C. MILITARY I. MILITARY BRANCHES Indonesian Armed Forces (Tentara Nasional Indonesia, TNI) Army (TNI-Angkatan Darat (TNI-AD)) Navy (TNI-Angkatan Laut (TNI-AL); includes marines (Korps Marinir, KorMar), naval air arm) Air Force (TNI-Angkatan Udara (TNI-AU)) National Air Defense Command (Kommando Pertahanan Udara Nasional (Kohanudnas)) D. TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES I. DISPUTES Indonesia started foreign policy objective of establishing stable fixed land and maritime boundaries with all of its neighbors in 2000s; three stretches of land borders with Timor-Leste have yet to be delimited, two of which are in the Oecussi exclave area, and no maritime or Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) boundaries have been established between the countries; many refugees from Timor-Leste who left in 2003 still reside in Indonesia and refuse repatriation; all borders between Indonesia and Australia have been agr eed upon bilaterally, but a 1997 treaty that would settle the last of their maritime and EEZ boundary has yet to be ratified by Indonesia's legislature; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef; Australia has closed parts of the Ashmor e and Cartier Reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing and placed restrictions on certain catches; land and maritime negotiations with Malaysia are ongoing, and disputed areas include the controversial Tanjung Datu and Camar Wulan border area in Borneo and the maritime boundary in the Ambalat oil block in the Celebes Sea; Indonesia and Singapore continue to work on finalizing their 1973 maritime boundary agreement by defining unresolved areas north of Indonesia's Batam Island; Indonesian secessionists, squ atters, and illegal migrants create repatriation problems for Papua New Guinea; maritime delimitation talks continue with Palau; EEZ negotiations with Vietnam are ongoing, and the two countries in Fall 2011 agreed to work together to reduce illegal fishing along their maritime boundary II. REFUGEES IDPs: at least 178000 (inter-communal, inter-faith, and separatist violence between 1998 and 2004 in Aceh and Papua; stateless refugees residing in India as a consequence of the Arab Spring ) III. ILLICIT DRUGS Indonesia is referred to as an illicit producer of cannabis largely for domestic use; producer of methamphetamine and ecstasy ITALY Conventional Long Form: Italian Republic Conventional Short Form: Italy Local Long Form: Repubblica d’Italia Local Short Form: Italia Former: Kingdom of Italy A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY I. NATIONALITY Noun: Italian (s) Adjective: Italian Population: 56.8 Million II. LANGUAGES Italian (official), German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region are predominantly Germanspeaking), French (small French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene (Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area) Literacy Rate: 99.1% B. INTRODUCTION Italy is a charter member of NATO and the European Economic Community. Due to its prominent role in global military and diplomatic aspects, it has been one of the presiders of the European Unification. In 2020’s Italy faced economic instability with its enormous debt, the second in the EU after Greece. Even though political tension was not any lower due to the corruption scandals which nearly become a custom in the country, Italy managed to protect its dominance with diplomatic maneuvers. C. GOVERNMENT After the scandalous years full of corruption, New Centre Right under the leadership of Andrea Giovanni, decided to make a solid beginning. By holding 386 of 630 seats in the parliament, New Centre-Right’s bright policies constituted a new hope to the people who has been exhausted by the unemployment, increasing mob activities and ineffective legal system. I. GOVERNMENT MODEL Republic D. POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS AND LEADERS Manufacturers and Merchants Associations Organized Farm Groups Major Trade Union Confederations E. ECONOMY Italy's main focus on its economic policy was the transition of its informal underground economy to a formal economy. Government has applied substantive regulatory tax reforms and a labor market reform in 2020’s which helped to reduce its underground economy down to 9%. Success in dealing with tax evasion resulted with increased government revenues, and reduced public debt to 90%. Italy has also diversified its trade partners and reduced its trade dependency with EU but the risks that Euro- Zone countries are now on the verge of the biggest debt crisis keep investors concerned about Italy. International credit rating institutions stated that downgrading Italy's credit might be possible. F. MILITARY I. MILITARY BRANCHES i. Italian Armed Forces: Army, Navy, ii. Italian Air Force, iii. Carabinieri Corps G. POSITION IN NATO With its modern army equipment and regiment population, Italy is one of the most significant allies of NATO in the Mediterranean. In addition to smart defense technologies, it is now equipping itself with a bigger aircraft carrier, submarines and multipurpose frigates. The Italian Navy, has contributed in many coalitions peacekeeping operations around the world and takes part in NATO missions whenever needed. As a requirement of the NATO’s Nuclear Sharing Strategy, Italy hosts over 50 US nuclear bombs and the number was reduced in the 2026 regarding the implementation of non-proliferation up to some level. H. TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES i. REFUGEES Italy's long coastline and developed economy attracts tens of thousands of illegal immigrants from Southeastern Europe and northern Africa. The most controversial issue about the refugees was the Lampedusa Island and the asylum seekers over there. Starting with their arrival to the Lampedusa Island, migrants and asylum seekers were in search of a chance to reach mainland. Over the years, more than thousands of asylum seekers lost their lives prior to reaching the Lampedusa and dozens shared the same destiny due to harsh living conditions in the detention center. EU kept declining Italy’s aid requests regarding the situation. During the riot of 2039, outraged migrants set the detention center on fire which resulted with death of over two thousand people. Consequently, migrants and asylum seekers without identification papers were deported and also migration policies and living standards of the detention center was reviewed. JAPAN Conventional long form: none Conventional short form: Japan Local long form: Nihon-koku/Nippon-koku Local short form: Nihon/Nippon A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY I. NATIONALITY Noun: Japanese (singular and plural) Adjective: Japanese Population: 107 Million II. LANGUAGES Japanese 100% Literacy Rate: 100% B. INTRODUCTION After facing a disastrous defeat in World War II Japan renovated itself from ground zero to an influential economic and political power in the Far East. Political stability, isolation from foreign influence and Japanese ambition brought country back to its powerful days. Japan has strong relations with the US both in economic and political means. Country is a viable market for most of the countries standing against Chinese hegemony over the Far Eastern Peninsula. Japan’s relations with neighbor China is not a bright case though. China and Japan are economically integrated but strategically divorced. This tension is mainly rooted from the historical disputes and has seen its climax on the Chinese exertion of power over Hong Kong. Furthermore, Japan is the successor and the leading power of Asian Cooperation Act for Greater Alliance including Australia, New Zealand, Singapore and Indonesia who came together to create unity against countering organizations and growing threats in the region. Japan, through centuries developed a unique earthquake protection mechanism. Disaster recovery centers are assigned to nearly every suburb and even villages to develop contingency plans and take precautions against disaster noticed. With that system developed, several coastal cities got over middle and high degree tsunamis with minor injuries. However, effects of volcanic activities around and within the Japanese border are inevitable and create great concern since they can cause unpredictable instant earthquakes as well. Japanese Government’s another concern is as most countries currently have the Red Horse epidemic. Flights to and from infected regions are cancelled in May, 2048 and Japan signed the joint agreement with Red Cross to fight against the disease collectively. C. GOVERNMENT I. GOVERNMENT MODEL A parliamentary government with a constitutional monarchy II. POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS & LEADERS Other: business groups; trade unions D. ECONOMY Years and centuries of efforts to industrialization, in 2049, Japan is among the five largest economies when compared in GDPs by 11,499.59 Billion $. Government - industry cooperation and cheap labor force plays great importance in that manner. Foreign investments on technology products ascended geometrically in the last decade after country was seen among the top ten economies in capital growth. Its modest economic growth in the 2020s accelerated undeniably. When the purchasing power parity (PPP) is considered, country again surpasses all of the Far Eastern countries indicating that restructuring of Japanese economic system gave birth to success. At the second place of major global demand to Japanese exports, following technology appliances comes fishing industry. Fishing is one of the major trade spots of Japan. However, as profitable it is to country’s economy, with extinction of the species in maritime fauna, environmentalists organized mass demonstrations against the government and some private companies. Japanese economy’s defense allocation increases proportionally with country’s activity on the defense organizations, such as NATO. E. MILITARY I. MILITARY BRANCHES Japanese Ministry of Defense (MOD): Ground Self-Defense Force (Rikujou Jieitai, GSDF); Maritime Self-Defense Force (Kaijou Jieitai, MSDF); Air Self-Defense Force (Koukuu Jieitai, ASDF); Cyber Defence Forces (Tajikimo Jietai, CDF) F. POSITION IN NATO As a partner to the Organization until its accession, Japan is a part of the NATO led operations as well as bilateral consultation fora since early 2020s. Joining the Alliance in 2013, Japan is a vital base and politically important state for the strategy of NATO in 2040s. Aiming to enlarge towards the Far East, Japan and the Asian Cooperation Act constitute the new defense mechanism against Chinese dominance. Although existence of the ACT is perceived as an offensive movement and attempt for a parallel power by some member states, the strategic benefits having Japan in the Alliance gives country leverage of acting independently. Also, Japan is in the coalition for NATO Cyber Defense development responsible for settlement and implementation of technological base against any cyber-attack from illegal organizations or any countries towards the NATO Head Quarters. Japan currently stands closer to the US but does not hesitate to question the decisions debated on, in particular the standing customs of the Organization. G. ENERGY Deploying on a limited geographical capability Japan canalized its energy activities mostly on alternative sources. Biomass has become a great opportunity and a popular solution for generating energy. Japanese investments are almost duplicated on biomass technology in the last decades. Furthermore, in hybrid technology, country is a world leader. Japanese companies are rewarded on the environmentalist platforms several times for their successful attempts. Question of nuclear remains a problem for the country as most of the nuclear plantation is shut down, but the remaining base operates as a trial plant for enhancement of nuclear energy under safe and controllable conditions. LATVIA Conventional long form: Republic of Latvia Conventional short form: Latvia Local long form: Latvijas Republika Local short form: Latvija Former: Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY I. Latvian NATIONALITY Noun: Latvian(s) Adjective: Latvian Russian Other Population: 1.8 million Unspecified II. LANGUAGES Latvian (official) 56.3%, Russian 33.8%, other 0.6% (Polish, Ukrainian, and Belarusian), unspecified 9.4% B. INTRODUCTION Latvian region was occupied by many nations such as Germans, Poles, Swedes and lastly Russians. Latvia gained independence for the last time in 1991 after the falling apart of the Soviet Union. Country is recognized on the international platforms after acceding to NATO and the EU in 2004. As a member of the European Union, country plays a key role in maintaining and developing the transit route and takes an active part in Eurasian trade. Latvia uses its geographic location as an important East-West commercial and trading center. There are ongoing talks over maritime boundary dispute with Lithuania. Apart from the delimitation of the boundary, Latvia experiences grand protests against the alleged human rights violations of ethnic Russian minorities. Russia claims that Russian speaking minorities were not represented in the decision making process and believes that their freedoms and rights were being suppressed by the Latvian authorities. Also, Latvia is acclaimed as a high human development index country. C. GOVERNMENT Latvian Congress brings together multiple voices such as the Nationals’ side, the Union of Greens and Farmers and the Association of Regions led by the Prime Minister Solvita Āboltiņa who is in his first term on duty. I. GOVERNMENT MODEL Parliamentary democracy II. POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS & LEADERS i. Free Trade Union Confederation of Latvia ii. Employers' Confederation of Latvia D. ECONOMY Latvia joined the Eurozone in 2014 and was a borrower country until mid-2030s. Its successful application of monetary policy gave birth to a fastest-growing country and it has a considerable GDP at the 59th place, especially when considered in Europe at the moment in the EU this year. As one of the biggest trade partner, Germany increases its economic relations with Latvia. Country is a small, but an open economy with exports representing the greatest portion of the capital gain. E. MILITARY I. MILITARY BRANCHES National Armed Forces (Nacionalo Brunoto Speku): Land Forces (Latvijas Sauszemes Speki), Navy (Latvijas Juras Speki; includes Coast Guard (Latvijas Kara Flotes)), Latvian Air Force (Latvijas Gaisa Speki), Latvian Home Guard (Latvijas Zemessardze) F. POSITION IN NATO Latvia became member of the Alliance in 2004 as a supporter party. The status of country is still a passive portrait, though its activity and voice raised over time. Main concern of Latvia is situation of the socialist Russian threat, since the historical dispute of Russian minority (some 28% of the population) remains of concern to country and is an escalating problem. It stands mostly parallel to the stance of the US and its allies. G. TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES I. DISPUTES Latvia experiences the international dispute concerning the Treaty delimiting the boundary with Russia. In this treaty, the primary concern is oil exploration rights of the States. It was signed and ratified in 2007, under the Treaty the Abrene district passes to Russia. Yet, currently, Russia does not plan to hold any negotiation with Latvia; although Latvia is deeply concerned with this issue and believes that the delimitation would create a huge problem, since the diplomatic negotiations are regarded as almost impossible to commence. II. ILLICIT DRUGS As a common issue for several Baltic States in Europe, illicit drug trafficking becomes is huge issue especially for the States located from Central and Southwest Asia to Western Europe and Scandinavia. LITHUANIA Conventional long form: Republic of Lithuania Conventional short form: Lithuania Local long form: Lietuvos Respublika Local short form: Lietuva Former: Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY I. NATIONAITY Lithuanian Noun: Lithuanian(s) Russian Other Adjective: Lithuanian Population: 2.9 Million II. LANGUAGES Lithuanian (official) 82%, Russian 8%, Polish 5.6%, other 0.9%, unspecified 3.5% Unspecified Polish B. INTRODUCTION Following decades of instability in the region, Lithuania regained independence in 1940 after World War I, but was annexed by the USSR. Country became first when it declared independence under hegemony of the USSR. Country profiled a fluctuating political and economic route, though showed serious improvement. It became member of both NATO and the EU in 2004 and is currently a keen member to contribute. The issues of Lithuania’s foreign policy are generally based on the Ukraine, Russia and the Ukraine-Russian Relationship. Talks between two States have not reached a compromise. Regarded as a successful Court which settles over than 30 cases in 20 years, Lithuania took the dispute concerning the delimitation of above mentioned areas to the International Court of Justice in 2048. First, the Russian administration has to accept the jurisdiction; however, the administration refuses to take any further part in the proceedings. Unemployment rate in the country is not regarded as stable and is expected to rise in a short time making this topic one of the main agendas of the Lithuanian Government. C. GOVERNMENT The Lithuanian Congress is facing disaccords and strained relations among the political groups represented namely; Homeland Union, Labour, Social Democratic, Order and Justice. Congress is led by the Prime Minister Vytautas Kersanskas under the President Andrius Kubilus. I. GOVERNMENT MODEL Parliamentary democracy II. POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS & LEADERS None D. ECONOMY As a member of the European Union, Lithuania has been attracting Western capitals in the world. However, the political destabilization in the country caused Lithuanian economy high debiting in the long run. Economic crisis was inevitable when the picture was disintegration of Lithuania to the dynamics of the EU. In this situation, unfortunate government policies were quite influential. Deflation in the markets leaded an overall shortfall for the euro and mortgage market to make a downturn followed by Lithuanian banking system’s collapse. This collapse in the Lithuanian markets was an unstoppable disaster for the EU. From the crisis till today, Lithuania seems to have ceased the calamity, but have not returned to where it was when joined the Eurozone. Country holds the 95th place among the GDP rankings world-wide by 73 Billion $. E. MILITARY I. MILITARY BRANCHES Lithuanian Armed Forces (Lietuvos Ginkluotosios Pajegos): Land Forces (Sausumos Pajegos), Naval Forces (Karines Juru Pajegos), Air Forces (Karines Oro Pajegos) F. POSITION IN NATO Since its accession in 2004 Lithuania portraits a steady membership profile in the Alliance. As one of the former Soviet republics, country’s main concern is the tensions between the Ukraine and Russia. Russia’s transition into socialist governance causes unrest and sense of insecurity over the society. Talks between the Alliance and Russia is the most important matter according to Lithuania as they will mostly shape the stances of regional powers in the direction of either common peace or escalating tensions. Lithuania is an active member considering military actions of the Alliance since it has been conducting missions under the leading Provincial Reconstruction Team built in 2005 and still operating. These missions are held with Croatia, Denmark and Ukraine. Country also supports the Alliance’s military actions by providing air policing service as a supportive host nation for NATO allies in the Baltics. Therefore on the agenda of improvement of air capability and adapting new technologies to system, Lithuania is one of the radical decision makers. G. TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES I. ILLICIT DRUGS Drug trafficking and border security remain to be an issue for Lithuania. Transshipment and destination points for drugs are determined to be key locations for Lithuanian Narcotics and Security Forces. Several missions are conducted in international scale in the recent years. LUXEMBOURG Conventional Long Form: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Conventional Short Form: Luxembourg Local Long Form: Grand Duche de Luxembourg Local Short Form: Luxembourg A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY I. NATIONALITY Noun: Luxembourger(s) Adjective: Luxembourg Population: 0.7 Million II. LANGUAGES Luxembourgish (official administrative language and national language (spoken vernacular)), French (official administrative language), German (official administrative language) B. INTRODUCTION Luxembourg was a founder member of the Benelux Customs Union with Belgium and the Netherlands in 1948, and of the European Economic Community, also a pioneer of the European Union, in 1957. It was also a founder member of NATO in 1949 and after a century it continues to be among the smallest sovereign nations of Europe and NATO. Luxembourg has long been a proponent of the European Integration and it also implements Schengen Rules. Since the majority of its citizens have consistently conceived that the only platform where the European unity makes sense is the context of an active transatlantic relationship, and thus they have traditionally pursued a pro-NATO policy. C. GOVERNMENT Luxembourg has the world’s one and only grand duchy. Under the constitutional monarch, Prime Minister Jerome Henrard’s party of Christian Social People’s Party held 28 of the 60 seats in the parliament in the latest election. I. GOVERNMENT MODEL Constitutional Monarchy D. POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS i. ABBL (bankers' association) ii. ALEBA (financial sector trade union) iii. Centrale Paysanne (federation of agricultural producers) iv. CEP (professional sector chamber) v. CGFP (trade union representing civil service) vi. Chamber of Commerce (Chambre de Commerce) vii. Chamber of Artisans (Chambre des Metiers) viii. FEDIL (federation of industrialists) ix. Greenpeace (environment protection) x. LCGP (center-right trade union) xi. Mouvement Ecologique (environment protection) xii. OGBL (center-left trade union) E. ECONOMY Luxembourg’s economy remains relatively unaltered due to its free market policies as well as its transformation from an industrial economy to a diversified one. In mid-2020’s, Luxembourg's economy, developed slowly due to shaky growth in the euro-zone. However, a decade after, Luxembourg managed to have the largest GDP per capita in the world with diversifying its economy and integrating it into global market. The economy of Luxembourg is largely dependent on the banking, steel, and industrial sectors. Law reform regarding the laws governing the banking secrecy has made Luxembourg more transparent and prevented the pointed tax evasion and fraud speculations. Economy is based on investment hence the Luxembourg is the home of the European Investment Bank and it became the world's largest investment fund center by surpassing the US in the late 2030’s and nowadays it is the most important private banking center in the Europe and the very heart of Europe's reinsurance companies. F. MILITARY I. MILITARY BRANCHES Luxembourg Army G. POSITION IN NATO Luxembourg contributes to the Alliance with almost a thousand of soldiers and 100 civil servants. Luxembourg’s Army lacks air and naval forces, for this reason, NATO’s 25 airplanes are registered as the aircraft of Luxembourg. The NATO Maintenance and Supply Organization’s headquarters (NAMSO), the largest logistics organization of NATO, are located in Luxembourg. Along with its financial contribution to the ongoing peacekeeping operations, country was involved in NATO led missions in Africa. Luxembourg supports the enlargement process of NATO, especially considers the entrance of Pacific countries to the Alliance as a start of the long-serving relations. NETHERLANDS Conventional Long Form: Kingdom of the Netherlands Conventional Short Form: Netherlands Local Long Form: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden Local Short Form: Nederland A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY I. NATIONALITY Noun: Dutchman (men), Dutchwoman (women) Dutch Adjective: Dutch EU Population: 17.8 million Indonesian Other II. LANGUAGES Dutch (official) Note: Frisian, Low Saxon, and Limburgish are recognized as regional languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages Literacy Rate: 98.6 % B. INTRODUCTION The Netherlands enjoys its advanced economy based on diverse industrialization and its activity in the international politics. Economy of the Netherlands is diversified; it is based on agriculture-related industries, customs revenues, tourism, banking, electronics, chemicals, petroleum, construction and fishing. Being among the largest twenty economies in the world and among the five in the European Union, the Netherlands is one of the strongest economies both in Europe. The Netherlands supports the Atlantic cooperation and European integration. It is one of the founding members of NATO and has been a major contributor to NATO operations as well as UN peacekeeping efforts. Furthermore, it is among the six founding members of the European Union, contributing to the very structure of the Union with the example of Benelux and supporting the idea of European integration in economy, foreign affairs and trade policies. However, it is against the current state of the Euro-zone; it proposes that two separate currencies be formed in order to eliminate the vulnerabilities of the Euro with regard to weaker and less competitive Southern European economies. The Netherlands implements liberal policies in some fields such as but not limited to recreational drugs, prostitution, same-sex marriage, abortion and euthanasia, which are controversial topics for domestic policy debates, as well as for foreign ones. One of the most critical threats of the Netherlands is the current rise of the sea level, which is a consequence of the global warming. Located in a region which is among the most densely populated regions in the world and which is vulnerable to possible floods, the Netherlands has shown great effort to protect its land from possible disasters. The efforts have mostly prevented the land from such a disaster, but as the dikes and other constructions get old, moisture has started to damage old buildings. C. GOVERNMENT The Princess of Orange serves as the symbolic queen of the state. The former chairperson of Young People’s Party for Freedom and Democracy Tom Leijte as the leader of the respective party is the Prime Minister of Netherlands. Within the parliament, the governing People’s Party for Freedom and Democracy occupies 47 seats. I. GOVERNMENT MODEL Constitutional Monarchy II. POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS & LEADERS Christian Trade Union Federation or CNV Confederation of Netherlands Industry and Employers or VNO -NCW Federation for Small and Medium-sized businesses or MKB D. ECONOMY Netherlands is known for its stable national and international economy steps. Being a keystone as a European transportation hub, Netherlands is a pioneer in food processing, chemicals and machinery. Although the level of employment in the agricultural sector is markedly limited, agri cultural sector is a provider of surpluses to the food-processing industry. The country inevitable encountered numerous obstacles with the arrival of Euro as the mainstream currency especially in the global financial crisis in 2008. Dutch government intervened the downward path of the crisis successfully ensuring 26 years of uninterrupted economic growth. However, in 2012 tax revenues dropped, GDP contracted, and the budget deficit deteriorated. In 2013, the government budget deficit decreased to 3.3% of GDP due to increased government revenue from higher taxes. However, spending on social benefits also increased, due to a rise in unemployment benefits and payments for pensions. The high unemployment rate and tax increases have contributed to continued decre ases in household disposable income, causing the Dutch economy to contract. After 2030, the Dutch government gradually decreased the heavy dependence on tax revenue alleviating the burden of Dutch households. With its advancement on new energy technologies, Dutch foreign economic partnerships are strengthened day by day creating new doors for revenue enrichments. E) MILITARY MILITARY BRANCHES being Royal Netherlands Army Royal Netherlands Navy (includes Naval Air Service and Marine Corps) Royal Netherlands Air Force (Koninklijke Luchtmacht, KLu) Royal Military Police F) POSITION IN NATO The Netherlands abandoned its neutrality in 1948 when it signed the Treaty of Brussels, and later became a founding member of NATO in 1949. The Dutch military was therefore part of the NATO strength in Cold War Europe, deploying its army to several bases in Germany. More than 3.000 Dutch soldiers were assigned to the 2nd Infantry Division of the United States Army during the Korean War. In 1996 conscription was suspended, and the Dutch army was once again transformed into a professional army. Since the 1990s the Dutch army has been involved in the Bosnian War and the Kosovo War, it held a province in Iraq after the defeat of Saddam Hussein, and it was engaged in Afghanistan. G) TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES ILLICIT DRUGS Netherlands is a major European producer of synthetic drugs, including ecstasy, and cannabis cultivator; important gateway for cocaine, heroin, and hashish entering Europe; major source of US -bound ecstasy; large financial sector vulnerable to money laundering; significant consumer of ecstasy . NEW ZEALAND Conventional Long Form: none Conventional Short Form: New Zealand A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY I. NATIONALITY Noun: New Zealander(s) Adjective: New Zealand Population: 5,466,000 II. LANGUAGES English (de facto official) 89.8%, Maori (de jure official) 3.5%, Samoan 2%, Hindi 1.6%, French 1.2%, Northern Chinese 1.2%, Yue 1%, Otheror not stated 20.5%, New Zealand Sign Language (de jure official) Note: sharessumto120.8% due to multiple responses on census (2013 est.) B. INTRODUCTION New Zealand was one of the last lands to be discovered and settled by humans. The country consists of two main islands and the smaller ones. New Zealand’s dynamic role in Pacific affairs promoted country’s stance and showed its expediency in diplomatic negotiations. It was the first Western country which signed a free trade deal with China, it holds strong commercial links with the Australia, Japan and the US, and with the majority of the Pacific countries. By signing the Washington Treaty in 2031, New Zealand became one of the latest members to the Alliance and helped to enlarge NATO’s activity range. C. GOVERNMENT As of 2049 the Prime Minister of New Zealand is the leader of the National Party which has 78 seats in the parliament, Sean Topham, he is also the head of the government. However, head of state is the Queen who has the Governor-General as her representative in New Zealand. I. GOVERNMENT MODEL Parliamentary democracy with a Common wealth realm II. POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS & LEADERS i. Women's Electoral Lobby or WEL ii. Apartheid Groups; iii. Civil Rights Groups; iv. Farmers Groups; v. Maori; vi. Nuclear Weapons Groups; vii. Women's Rights Groups D. ECONOMY Since the aggressive cut of the interest rates by the central bank of New Zealand, international capital inflows slowed down. This made the currency of New Zealand more competitive in exporting. With their competitive currency, the external demand to the key trade sectors increased. Income per capita increased and government was reelected in 3 consecutive elections. With the sustainable economic growth and private sector’s cooperation with development agencies that government has established, plans to develop the infrastructure and to increase productivity have been implemented. Government expenditure is still an issue to be addressed but according to the budget of 2049, it is aimed at keeping it below 30%, which is a reasonable level for New Zealand. E.MILITARY I. MILITARY BRANCHES i. Royal New Zealand Navy ii. Royal New Zealand Air Force F. POSITION IN NATO Integration of Asia-Pacific countries into the Alliance has facilitated its overseas missions. Since its a new area and era for NATO, New Zealand was pioneer in wide range of issues including political and economic relations, trade relations, defense and regional security and environment in the Pacific. Prior to its accession to the Alliance, New Zealand has contributed NATO operations with its troops which have taken part in regional peacekeeping efforts and have been served in Afghanistan. G. TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES New Zealand has territorial claims over Antarctic. Even though New Zealand Antarctic Division and Institute were established in 1990’s New Zealand’s claims are only recognized by Australia, France, Norway and U.K., but it is not recognized by the United Nations, U.S., Russia or by most other countries in the year 2049. POLAND Conventional long form: Republic of Poland Conventional short form: Poland Local long form: Rzeczpospolita Polska Local short form: Polska A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY I. NATIONAITY Noun: Pole(s) Adjective: Polish Population: 34,821,000 Polish Non-Polish II. LANGUAGES Polish (official) 96.2%, non-Polish 2.5%, unspecified 1.3% Unspecified B. INTRODUCTION The civil unrest and devastating wars weakened the nation for decades. After Russia, Prussia and Austria’s partition of Poland in the 18th century, country gained independence in 1918 only to be overrun by Germany and the Soviet Union in the World War II. By the early 2000s, country recovered from sores and started participating in the international organizations. It joined the Alliance in 1999 and the EU in 2004. Poland has become more and more influential in the EU and NATO due to its economic growth and military advancement. Poland has delayed its accession to Eurozone due to the continuous Euro-zone crisis, but fully changed its currency from Złoty to the Euro in 2031 Following its accession to Euro, Poland grew prosperous, with the immense support and investment coming from Germany. As a consequence, the two States are now in better term than ever in history. Warsaw is now addressed as the new financial capital of Europe by economists. Poland is one of the leading countries in its geography in transformation to a market-oriented country by its development model. Improvement targets defense, energy and infrastructure industries. Furthermore, Poland aims at becoming more active in Euro-Atlantic organizations. C. GOVERNMENT Polish Congress can be said to have a more homogeneous structure represented by Civic Platform, Polish People’s Party and Law and Justice. These parties are in agendas concerning country’s destination stand in the same direction with the ruling party; Young Democracy’s Association led by the Prime Minister Dariusz Rucinski. I. GOVERNMENT MODEL Republic II. i. ii. POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS & LEADERS All Poland Trade Union Alliance or OPZZ Roman Catholic Church iii. Self-Governing Trade Union "Solidarity" D. ECONOMY 1990s enabled the country to transform its economy into one of the most robust in Central Europe. Holding one of the most robust economies in the central Europe, country pursued economic liberalization and openness to global markets since early 2000s. Poland's economy was the one that gets through economic downturns smoothly. It is at the 29th place when GDPs are compared globally by 711.000 Billion $. Tax reforms are currently on the short term agenda of the country. In the long term, aim is to putting effort in healing the remaining deficiencies and infrastructure gap. E. MILITARY I. MILITARY BRANCHES Polish Armed Forces: Land Forces, Navy, Air and Air Defense Aviation Forces, Special Forces F. POSITION IN NATO Poland joined NATO in 1999 Poland became member of the Alliance in 1999 and country’s stance towards other members and the Organization as a whole was a consistent one. Cooperation with NATO Partners is key to enhancement of security and successful application of strategies, according to Poland. Especially after establishment of several bodies such as the Asian Cooperation Act for Greater Alliance and Islam Confederation, Poland considers the best strategy as NATO enlargement towards key regions Poland also preserves strong relations with the United Kingdom and the United States and has been enhancing their intelligence sharing and military cooperation. In 2035 Poland and the United States signed a missile defense shield construction agreement in Krakow and this has been met with a positive response by some NATO members. PORTUGAL Conventional Long Form: Portuguese Republic Conventional Short Form: Portugal Local Long Form: Republica Portuguesa Local Short Form: Portugal A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY I. NATIONALITY Noun: Portuguese (singular and plural) Adjective: Portuguese Population: 9,108,000 II. LANGUAGES Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used) B. INTRODUCTION In the early 2010’s Portugal was suffering from the account deficit and was following the Greece and Italy on the wait-list of bankruptcy. However the government passed austerity budgets in a row and with the help of bailout packages, managed to get country on its track. Following years the country made leaps forward to stabilise its economy. In 2049 Portugal is a commendable country with its great records of modernisation and breaking new grounds of progress towards a more democratic and responsive society as well as its efficient participation into the international organizations such as EU, UN, Euro-Zone and OECD. Being among the most globalized and developed nations with its high standards of living and advanced economy, Portugal is an important Ally and a founding member of NATO. C. GOVERNMENT Eugenio Godofrodo’s People’s Party holds the majority in the Portuguese Parliament. People’s Party 128 of 230 seats whiles the main opposition of Social Democratic Party, holds 61 of the 230 seats. Reforms regarding the youth unemployment and youth policies constitute the main agenda of the Parliament. I. GOVERNMENT TYPE Parliamentary Democracy II. POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS & LEADERS i. Armed Forces Officers' Association (AOFA) ii. The Desperate Generation (youth movement protesting against low wages, precarious labor conditions, and unemployment) iii. The General Workers Union or General Confederation of Portuguese Workers (UGT) Portuguese National Workers' Conference (CGTP) iv. TugaLeaks (a website that has become a mouthpiece for publicizing diverse protest action) v. other: the media; labor unions D. ECONOMY After the crises that hit Portugal in 2010’s, implementation of budget cuts and privatizations provided a break-through and with necessary steps which complied with financial rescue package economy was contracted once again. In the following years, substantive GDP growth was achieved, liberalization continued and country became attractive to foreign investors. In the year 2049 only problem that Portugal faces in this area is the high unemployment rate among the youth which Portuguese Parliament is making efforts to downscale. E. MILITARY I. MILITARY BRANCHES i. Portuguese Army (Exercito Portuguesa), ii. Portuguese Navy (Marinha Portuguesa; includes Marine Corps), iii. Portuguese Air Force (Forca Aerea Portuguesa, FAP) (2013) F. POSITION IN NATO Over the years, Portugal’s contribution to the Alliance was on exceptional level and it has the tendency to preserve it likewise. Success in both domestic and external politics was the sign of Portugal’s pioneering role in the Iberian Peninsula which Portugal was entrusted with its security tasks under the roof of Alliance. NATO’s plans of expanding its exercises in Central Europe is approved by Portugal and implantation of NATO’s equipment and supplies in the region is sustained by adjacent countries under the leadership of Portugal. G. TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES I. DISPUTES Over a slightly different interpretation of the Vienna Congress of 1815 and Badajoz Treaty of 1801, Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza. On several occasions in 2030’s the issue occurred and was glossed over however it has not been completely resolved. II. REFUGEES Stateless Persons: 1071 (2048 est.) III. ILLICIT DRUGS Located in south-western Europe in the western part of the Iberian Peninsula, Portugal is a seabird country bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the south and west and for its location alone it is a subject to the illicit drug trade of cocaine and heroin transhipped from Latin America and North Africa. ROMANIA conventional long form: none conventional short form: Romania local long form: none local short form: Romania A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY I. NATIONALITY noun: Romanian(s) adjective: Romanian Romanian Population: 16,472,000 Hungarian II. Romanian LANGUAGES (official) 85.4%, Hungarian 6.3%, Romany (Gypsy) 1.2%, other 1%, Romany Other unspecified 6.1% Literacy Rate: 99.9% Unspecified B. INTRODUCTION After merging of the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia formally in 1859 the former Romania was formed in 1862. Country profiles a steady stance by participating in international organizations such as the EU and NATO . The EU membership of Romania has consolidated its commitment to Western Alliance. The Union has further transformed Romania into a liberal democracy and functioning economy, though it could not prevent corruption allegations, particularly a hot topic during the beginnings of 2020s. Another important issue that bothered the EU has been the treatment of Roma people in Romania, with similar exclusionists policies followed in Bulgaria. However, unemployment is relatively low due to emigration, which results in loss of qualified personnel. In the past 15 years, Romania has invested in alternative energy resources in order to decrease the dependency on Russia. Romania enjoys friendly relations in the region, particularly with Moldova, who share the same language. Relations with Turkey is good, especially in trade. During 2020s, the country has followed policies to increase cooperation with the Visegrad Group, that is, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary. Romania distances itself from the East, and is refereed as one of the most important partners of the USA. C. GOVERNMENT After occupation of the USSR in the post-war era, country regained dominance as “people’s republic”. Current governance is under the President Florin Alexe from Young National Liberal Party and the Prime Minister Adrian Ştef. I. GOVERNMENT MODEL Republic II. POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS & LEADERS i. Various Human Rights and Professional Associations ii. Trade Unions iii. Romanian Labour Federation D. ECONOMY Romania holds the 50th position at the latest global GDP ranking by 310.000 Billion $. Country is one of the borrowers member to the EU. The economy stands dependent on lenders such as the IMF, Germany and France due to huge financial aids. However, there are attempts to open the country to free market and accelerate trade transactions to become more independent in monetary means. Structural reforms brought improvement, but vulnerability to shocks of Romanian economy remains. Romania’s efforts in promoting a fiscal discipline is supervised by the EU. E. MILITARY I. MILITARY BRANCHES Land Forces, Naval Forces (Fortele Naval, FN), Romanian Air Force (Fortele Aeriene Romane, FAR) F. POSITION IN NATO Joining the Alliance in 2004, Romania plays a passive role in the chamber. Its economic dependence is a drawback for country to hold a sharp opposition stance. In the organizational scale, Romania acts like a netural, supportive party in debates. Country shares same concerns with France, Germany on the topic of the destiny of Muslim minorities against European society and situation of the Islamic State. Furthermore, due to its historical disputes with Ukraine on the Black Sea maritime boundary, the unsolved matter remains on the agenda of country. SINGAPORE Conventional Long Form: Republic Of Singapore Conventional Short Form: Singapore Local Long Form: Republic Of Singapore Local Short Form: Singapore A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY I. NATIONALITY Noun: Singaporean(s) Adjective: Singapore Indian Chinese Malay Other Population: 7 Million II. LANGUAGES Mandarin (official) 36.3%, English (official) 29.8%, Malay (official) 11.9%, Hokkien 8.1%, Tamil (official) 4.4%, Cantonese 4.1%, Teochew 3.2%, other Indian languages 1.2%, other Chinese dialects 1.1%, other 1.1% B. INTRODUCTION Singapore was founded as a British trading colony in 1819. It joined the Malaysian Federation in 1963 but separated two years later and became independent. Singapore subsequently became one of the world's most prosperous countries with strong international trading links (its port is one of the world’s busiest in terms of tonnage handled) and with per capita GDP equal to that of the leading nations of Western Europe. C. GOVERNMENT The former president of Young People’s Action Party, Chun Leong Vishva, has been continuing his duty as the president of the nation for 12 years. Considering the governing of the abovementioned party, Cheok Yi Jung Adlina serves as the Prime Minister of Singapore. The People’s Action Party occupies 82 of the 90 seats in the parliament. I. GOVERNMENT MODEL Parliamentary Republic D. ECONOMY In 2039, Singapore mostly preserves its unique success in free -market economy. Consequently, the idealized economic principles function by creating a m ultiplier effect in the country noticeably in the level of GDP and predictable price levels. With the advancements in screening technology especially around 2020s, exports in consumer electronics and information technology boosted significantly. However, pharmaceutical industry, which was a previous pioneer, was persecuted by the global financial crisis in 2008 and EU Crisis in 2020s. Such interruptions to the flawless flow of the free-market economy resulted in severe contractions in Singaporean economy. Over the longer term, the government hopes to establish a new growth path that focuses on raising productivity. Singapore will continue efforts to establish Singapore as Southeast Asia's financial and high -tech hub. E. MILITARY I. MILITARY BRANCHES Singapore Armed Forces: Army, Navy, Air Force (includes Air Defense) F. POSITION IN NATO One of the youngest members of the Alliance, Singapore is a Liberal Asian ally of NATO. Singapore has joined NATO as a part of the Asian Cooperation for Greater Alliance therefore plays a vital role in Asia. The reasons behind the affiliation with the Alliance are pointed out as the exponential growth of China in the region along with a reaction towards China’s aggressive behavior in Hong Kong. G. TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES I. DISPUTES Disputes persist with Malaysia over deliveries of fresh water to Singapore, Singapore's extensive land reclamation works, bridge construction, and maritime boundaries in the Johor and Singapore Straits; in 2008, ICJ awarded sover eignty of Pedra Branca (Pulau Batu Puteh/Horsburgh Island) to Singapore, and Middle Rocks to Malaysia, but did not rule on maritime regimes, boundaries, or disposition of South Ledge; Indonesia and Singapore continue to work on finalization of their 1973 m aritime boundary agreement by defining unresolved areas north of Indonesia's Batam Island; piracy remains a problem in the Malacca Strait II. ILLICIT DRUGS Drug abuse limited because of aggressive law enforcement efforts; as a transportation and financial serv ices hub, Singapore is vulnerable, despite strict laws and enforcement, as a venue for money launderin g. SLOVENIA Conventional long form: Republic of Slovenia Conventional short form: Slovenia Local long form: Republika Slovenija Local short form: Slovenija Former: People's Republic of Slovenia, Socialist Republic of Slovenia A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY I. NATIONALITY Slovenian Noun: Slovene(s) Adjective: Slovenian SerboCroatian Population: 2,070,000 Other II. LANGUAGES Slovenian (official) 91.1%, Serbo-Croatian 4.5%, other 4.4% B. INTRODUCTION Slovenes merged with the Serbs and Croats in 1918 forming the multinational Yugoslavia. Slovenes gained independence from this multinational country after victory from a 10-day war in 1991 laying the foundation of today’s Slovenia. Existence of historical bonds with the Western Europe helped country establish great relations with international organizations. Also the stability and consistency in the method of management paved the way for a strong, settled democracy in Slovenia. Country, with its well-educated and productive citizens within working ages, is supported by its advanced infrastructure and strategic location between the Balkans and Western Europe, Slovenian internal politics is stable with a multi-party system maintaining the power balance so that no party is able to gain power alone, but form coalitions instead. C. GOVERNMENT However, the governments formed since 2024 are diverse in this regard; no official action to leave the Western integration track has been taken by 2049 but government members partially oppose these. Slovene Congress is led by the Prime Minister Karolina Milivoj from Christian wing. Congress is represented by New Slovenia – Christian Democrats, Slovenian Democratic Party, Social Democrats and other political groups. I. GOVERNMENT MODEL Parliamentary republic II. POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS & LEADERS i. Slovenian Roma Association ii. trade unions iii. public sector employee unions iv. other: Catholic Church D. ECONOMY Slovenia is a notable trade route, therefore for decades is an alluring destination. Trading with neighboring geographically close states, namely Germany, Austria, Croatia, Italy and France plays an important role for the country. Country’s main exports include automotive. Automotive industry can be considered largest single industry generating most of the national income. Handicap of such a system is that Slovene market is quite sensitive to changes in the automotive export market, especially from Germany. Slovenia was influenced by the economic recession at a considerable degree; but managed to survive by choosing to move forward with an inward-looking closed economy as a risk contingency plan. Slovenia is one of the advanced economies in the central Europe with a GDP at the 8th place by 81,900 Billion $. E. MILITARY I. MILITARY BRANCHES Slovenian Armed Forces (Slovenska Vojska, SV): Forces Command (with ground units, naval element, air and air defense brigade); Administration for Civil Protection and Disaster Relief (ACPDR) F. POSITION IN NATO Beginning in late 2010s Slovene public support to NATO along with other Western values has decreased significantly. Demonstrations were held from late 2010s to the general elections in 2024, having the government support NATO membership, European integration and being included in the Eurozone. Until mid-2030s, the unrest pursued, until the New Slovenia – Christian Democrats came into power with promises promoting renewal of Slovenia and integration of country to international norms. Ever since, country is more active on the international arena and Slovene society appreciates this new policy trying to be applied. Also, its role in the Alliance is much of a contributor, though a neutral one. SPAIN Conventional long form: Kingdom of Spain conventional short form: Spain local long form: Reino de Espana local short form: Espana G. PEOPLE & SOCIETY In Spain, people of Mediterranean and Nordic origins reside along with a multicultural population primarily due to touristic activities. Christians are prevalent as the majority of the society yet Muslims and Jews also live under the same flag. IV. NATIONALITY noun: Spaniard(s) adjective: Spanish After the Syrian Refugee Crisis, Spain has been a land of hope for displaced persons. The European Union has not yet brought a unique statelessness solution for the region; therefore the issue is internally dealt with. On the other hand, Spaniards preserve their united lifestyle under the name of the Kingdom of Spain and are all European citizens. V. ETHNIC GROUPS Mediterranean origins are preeminent in the country yet the Spaniards have adopted a conglomerate lifestyle which embraces different ethnicities and creates a vanilla culture. VI. LANGUAGES Castilian Spanish is the official language of the state attaining 68% and followed by other derivations including Catalan, Galician and Basque. Arabic has recently become a part of Spanish influencing the language itself and becoming a distinct cultural one alike. Castilian Spanish Castilian Catalan Spanish 17%, (official) Galician 7%, 74%, Catalan and Basque 2% Galician Basque H. INTRODUCTION The Kingdom of Spain preserved its existence in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization since 1982, entering its 67th consecutive year as a member in the alliance. In this regard, Spain took active roles in the Libya intervention and Aegis Combat System along with other allies. It is essential to note that Spain went through the mill of a national economic quandary encountering national and international challenges. I. GOVERNMENT Spanish People’s Party as a promoter of Christian Democracy has 170 seats in the Senate as well as holding the governance for the last eight consecutive terms. Right wing is preponderant both in the parliament and in the constitutional matters. III. GOVERNMENT MODEL parliamentary monarchy IV. POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS & LEADERS Association for Victims of Terrorism or AVT (grassroots organization devoted primarily to supporting victims of the Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) terrorist organization) Socialist General Union of Workers or UGT and the sm aller independent Workers Syndical Union or USO Trade Union Confederation of Workers' Commissions or CC.OO. Spanish Confederation of Employers' Organizations or CEOE J. ECONOMY The Spanish economy could recover from the massively effective national economic crisis yet faced with the European Debt Crisis right after, which inflicted colossal damage to its economy. Although the Spanish government is promoting fair employment with the highest potential income rates and lowest possible taxes, the Spanish economy has unfortunately become the wounded arm of the European Union concerning the communion about its ambiguous fiscal future. K. MILITARY Military expenditures compose 0.97% of the GDP where the number of female military personnel is greater than that of male personnel including air, ground and marine services. IV. MILITARY BRANCHES Spanish Armed Forces: Army (Ejercito de Tierra), Spanish Navy (Armada Espanola, AE; includes Marine Corps), Spanish Air Force (Ejercito del Aire Espanola, EdA) L. ENERGY Spain has increased its dependence on electricity and the country has also updated its services suitable for renewable non-pollutant consumption. Electric cars compose 13% of the traffic, placing Spain on the 7th rank in the Europe. G. TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES I. DISPUTES Due to the existence of numerous open coasts around the geography of the country, illicit drug and human trafficking are two major conflicts. In addition, the country is viewed as the door to European illicit drug market hence heroin, cocaine and hashish are transshipped illegally. V. REFUGEES The Syrian Refugee Crisis followed by further fluctuations in the Arabic region induced the designation of the country as the place of stateless persons. In this connection, statelessness is a legal burden on the Spanish courts as well as arising nationality issues. TURKEY Conventional Long Form: Republic of Turkey Conventional Short Form: Turkey Local Long Form: Turkiye Cumhuriyeti Local Short Form: Turkiye A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY Turkish I. NATIONALITY Noun: Turk(s) Kurdish Other Adjective: Turkish Population: 17.8 million II. LANGUAGES Turkish language has been affected by foreign influences and referred to as Turklish by its citizens. Kurdish and Arabic languages have been assigned to the relevant populations and their lessons are optionally given in public schools. Literacy Rate: 97.6 % B. INTRODUCTION In the year of 2049, Turkey has become a country which suffered from numerous foreign and internal traumas. Throughout this process, the profile and the stance of the nation in international platform has metamorphosed into a different phase. The issue of Kurds has not yet been concretely solved along with the economic crisis that severely impacted the country. The residents are uncomfortable with the rumors that they are inveigled by the media and the government is heavily influenced by foreign actors. The Republic of Turkey has successfully preserved its multinational citizen quality and embraced people of various nations and regions under the same flag. However, the country is swallowed to a point at which everyone is seen obliged to have a solid political, religious and cultural stance to be identified and included in a sub-social level. Turkish people are strictly separated from Kurds, Syrian and Palestinian refugee populations both regionally and culturally. In retrospect, the government officials are strictly in favor of a stance which unites each and every member of the nation. The segmented yet seemingly united Turkish society has followed an unwilling path throughout the last 20 years in terms of being involved in elections and similar future-oriented decisions. As a result of the monarchial transition with empowered presidents and leaders, the society has become aware of the diminishing nature of the national parliament hence gradually losing its dependence and trust to the parliament itself. C. GOVERNMENT The Turkish Government is lead by “Genç Anadolu Zümresi İktidari (GAZI)” while colossal protests are continuing throughout the nation. GAZI is a central right party and quite successful in economic strategies which is the main reason behind their election. I. GOVERNMENT MODEL Semi-Monarchial II. POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS & LEADERS President of Turkey: Berke Cenk Özbaşaran Prime Minister of Turkey: Damla Manlas D. ECONOMY The promising economic policies of the Turkish Government and the Minister of Economy Derin Akşit resulted in Turkey’s exponential foreign growth, rapid recovery from 2016 Economic Crisis as well as its shift from agricultural to industrial sectors. Furthermore, Turkey reached the 11th rank in GDP (both nominal and PPP) opening new doors for international trade agreements and intensive involvement in international economic partnerships. The Turkish currency has gained value over dollar and euro while complete transition to euro with the impact of the EU is discussed. E. MILITARY The police prevail over the military forces as a strategic movement of the Turkish government in terms of paying more attention to internal security issues with rising protests. The military technology is not a pioneer area of research, yet there exists a moderate development. I. MILITARY BRANCHES Turkish Armed Forces (TSK): Turkish Land Forces (Turk Kara Kuvvetleri) Turkish Naval Forces (Turk Deniz Kuvvetleri; includes naval air and naval infantry) Turkish Air Forces (Turk Hava Kuvvetleri) F. POSITION IN NATO Turkey has been a member of the Alliance since 1952 and the membership has provided the country the chance to integrate with the Euro-Atlantic community. The foreign ministry is acknowledged for frequently addressing the global security power of NATO. Turkey has substantial contributions in NATO Response Force by having a highly ready one established in Istanbul. G. TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES I. DISPUTES The Cyprus Issue and the Aegean dispute are yet to be solved. II. REFUGEES After the Syrian Refugee Crisis, the country has been exposed to massive refugee population arrivals and shared a significant amount of its budget to its issue. In 2049, most of the refugees have sent back to safe areas of their countries while some are given Turkish citizenships and permitted to inhabit in the country. III. ILLICIT DRUGS Turkey is referred to as the key transit route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe and, to a lesser extent, the US - via air, land, and sea routes; major Turkish and other intern ational trafficking organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert imported morphine base into heroin exist in remote regions of Turkey and near Istanbul . UNITED KINGDOM Conventional Long Form: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Conventional Short Form: United Kingdom Abbreviation: UK A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY I. NATIONALITY Noun: Briton(s), British (collective plural) Adjective: British Population: 72.9 Million II. LANGUAGES English and Scots (about 30% of the population of Scotland), Scottish Gaelic (about 90,000 in Scotland), Welsh (about 20% of the population of Wales), Irish (about 10% of the population of Northern Ireland), Cornish (some 4,000 to 5,000 in Cornwall) (2048 est) B. INTRODUCTION In the early 2010’s United Kingdom was actively participating in global politics as an active member of the European Union, one of the permanent members of UN Security Council and a founding member of NATO. When the Europe was on the brink of another economic crisis, United Kingdom ascended itself from the EU with the referendum of 2018. Almost two decades after its ascending from the Union, UK did not reorientation its policies and kept implementing its introverted strategy. In 2047, UK was objecting China’s methods of conduct and evaluating China as a country which breaches the International Law and a tyranny threating the international security. After addressing the issue in UNSC, United Kingdom of Great Britain declared that it will follow the Non-Disturbing Abstention Policy and thus UK will not attend Security Council for a considerable time. C. GOVERNMENT UK continues to be a constitutional monarchy, with a symbolic role of the monarch over executive, legislative and judicial branches. His Majesty’s Government is led by Frank Ramsey from Conservative Party which is dominant with its 313 seats in the Parliament and the leader of the Commonwealth realm is the Monarch, King Andrew. I. GOVERNMNT MODEL Constitutional monarchy and Commonwealth realm D. POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS i. Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament ii. Confederation of British Industry iii. National Farmers' Union iv. Trades Union Congress E. ECONOMY Ascending itself from the European Union, especially when the France was suffering from economic depression, served UK’s economy well. By not being involved with financial aid packages of the Union was beneficiary for UK and it recorded steady GDP growth which resulted making it a leading country in the Europe. Subsequently, the British Pound was even more appreciated in exchange rates. F. MILITARY I. MILITARY BRANCHES i. Army, ii. Royal Navy (includes Royal Marines), iii. Royal Air Force G. POSITION IN NATO UK is a great contributor to Alliance, particularly in Eastern Europe. Very High Readiness Joint Task Force (VJTF) of NATO, a ‘Spearhead force’, with its duty of forming NATO’s first response in the face of aggression, was led by the United Kingdom until the 2017. UK contributed to NATO’s Baltic Air Policing mission and various others in Eastern Europe with its troops and vast number of armored vehicles. UK’s exit from EU and the empty seat policy in UNSC highlighted its role in NATO. Despotic regime and dictatorial conducts of PR China drew reaction and as a result, UK followed the empty-seat policy. UK’s absence in Security Council, fueled China’s influence, eventuated with NATO substantiating its power by taking a step into the political field in addition to its nature as a military cooperation. F. TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES I. REFUGEES Refugees (country of origin): 61,249 (Somalia); 11,305 (Zimbabwe); 14,328 (Iran); 10,010 (Eritrea); 12,166 (Afghanistan) (2048) Stateless persons: 805 (2048) UK is constantly working on projects which focus on supporting refugees and asylum seekers for building new lives and resettlements. British Red Cross and other NGO’s with the support of the government and international organizations are the main actors in this regard. II. DISPUTES Most of the disputes UK having is related to territorial sovereignty of a number of islands. UK has it plans of granting greater autonomy to Gibraltar while Spain rejects them and Gibraltar objects to any projection which involves the shared sovereignty between UK and Spain. Argentina claims the sovereignty of the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; and also UK’s territorial claims in Antarctica (British Antarctic Territory) overlaps Argentine claim and partially overlaps Chilean claim. UK rejects Argentina’s all claims. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Conventional Long Form: United States of America Conventional Short Form: United States Abbreviation: US or USA A. PEOPLE & SOCIETY I. NATIONALITY Noun: American(s) Adjective: American Population: 457.9 Million II. LANGUAGES English 82.1%, Spanish 10.7%, other Indo-European 3.8%, Asian and Pacific island 2.7%, other 0.7% (2000 census) Note: the US has no official national language, but English has acquired official status in 28 of the 50 states; Hawaiian is an official language in the state of Hawaii Literacy: 99.2% B. INTRODUCTION United States of America was the world’s super power with an unmatched global reach in the beginning of 21st century. In 2040’s, United States hold the reins of power however, abandoned the role of being the decision maker and with the rise of Germany and Japan in international arena, US’s long term dominance over NATO has ended. US support Japan over China in Far East due to China’s authoritarian conducts and overwhelming policies. Rising economic depression, resulted with US government channeling its financial sources to military expenditures especially cyber defense technologies instead of being the creditor of international organizations and thus US have recorded rapid and solid advancements. C. GOVERNMENT After 18 years of Democratic Rule, the first female president of United States, a remarkable leader Jade Judğe was elected, and Republicans held the majority in Congress, while the Parliament has democrat majority. I. GOVERNMENT TYPE Constitution-based federal republic II. POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS i. Environmentalists; ii. Business groups; iii. Labor unions; churches; iv. Ethnic groups; v. Political action committees or PACs; vi. Health groups; vii. Education groups; viii. Civic groups; ix. Youth groups; x. Transportation groups; xi. Agricultural groups; xii. Veterans groups; xiii. Women's groups; xiv. Reform lobbies D. ECONOMY United States of America continues to be leading power in industries like petroleum, steel, automobiles, construction machinery, aerospace, agricultural machinery, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, and mining. The economic recession once again hit the country but recovery was soon realized with the measures put forward by the federal government, such as reducing the additional spending, creating jobs and most importantly quitting its role of funding the international organizations, public deficit shrank. America’s military expenditure is almost equal to rest of the world’s defense expenses however; it has no intentions to reduce the amount. Since US is willing to possess market alternatives and supports Japan over China it has been increasing its cooperation with it. E. MILITARY I. MILITARY BRANCHES i. US Army, ii. US Navy (includes Marine Corps), iii. US Air Force, iv. US Coast Guard F. POSITION IN NATO Economic turmoil and the rise of new powers in global politics have given an end to US’s leading role, and also to US’s findings, thenceforth Germany and Japan substituted for US’s funding of the organization as main creditors. Although US have abandoned its decisionmaker role in NATO, the progress that US Army has been through is a major aspiration for collective defense policy. G. TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES I. DISPUTES The US has reinforced its internal security measures and is cooperating with neighboring countries, particularly with Canada and Mexico, to monitor and control trespassing, transportation and servants across the border. Over the increasing tension regarding ISIS, US Secretary of State announced all trade agreements with Saudi Arabia is void and summoned its ambassador back from Riyadh. II. REFUGEES Refugees (country of origin): the US admitted 132,926 refugees during FY2048 including: 28,369 (Syria); 26,488 (Iraq); 22,120 (Nigeria); 16,299 (Burma); 9,134 (Bhutan); 7,608 (Somalia); 4,205 (Cuba); 2,578 (Iran); 1,824 (Eritrea) Each year, US President and the Congress establish ceilings for refugee admissions allocated to geographical regions. US have made a decision of setting the number higher due to Red Horse Disease and ongoing civil wars in Africa and South America.