PROVENANCE TRĐALS IN TURKEY Forest area of Turkey is 21.18
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PROVENANCE TRĐALS IN TURKEY Forest area of Turkey is 21.18
PROVENANCE TRĐALS IN TURKEY Forest area of Turkey is 21.18 million hectare, which consists of 26 % of total size of the country. The 44 %, 8.9 million hectare is productive forest and the rest, 56% 11.3 million hectare is unproductive. Unproductive forest area needs to be forested in order to turn into productive forest. However, certain provenances should be used in forestation works. Therefore, which provenance may be used in regional afforestation should be determined, particularly in Turkey, which climatic and soil conditions show great changes from one to another (Simsek et al., 1995). The selection of seed resources is the main factor influencing the productivity of forestation (Urgenc, S., 1982). One of the major objectives of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry and its affiliates is to conserve forest tree species and genetic biodiversity. Provenance trials are important particularly at the initial stage of a tree improvement of program. They provide information about the genetic architecture of the species that is utilized for gene conservation programs, and for maximizing gain for a given area (Isık et al., 2002) There are lots of provenance trail in Turkey. The Turkish Forest Research Institutes are carrying out 6 provenances trials. The main aim of these studies is to determine the best performing provenances for forestations, each geographic zone in Turkey. 1-Turkish Red Pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) Provenance Trial The Turkish Forest Research Institute established it in 1988 on 26 test sites (one of the test side was established in Cyprus). 50 provenances were tested (47 provenances originating from Turkey, 3 provenances from northern Cyprus) below Table 1. Most provenances included in the experiment were phenotypically superior stands and had been designated as seed stands for operational planting programs for a particular region. For each provenance, about 30 trees were sampled, cones were bulked and sun dried to extract seeds. One-year old were transplanted to 26 sites in the late autumn of 1988 and in the winter of 1989. The experiments were laid out in the fields as to ‘‘Randomized Complete Blocks Method’’ with 3 replications. 16 seedlings in square in each block initially represented each provenance. Spacing was 1.5 m between in a row and 3 m between the rows. Data were collected from the experimental sites in 1999 when the trees were 10 years old in the field. Survival was assessed s the proportion of surviving trees in each plot. Total height (cm) and diameter at breast height (mm) were measured and the volume was estimated to the nearest dm³. The coordinator institute of (Pinus brutia Ten) provenance trial is Southwest Anatolia Forest Research Directory (Antalya). Southwest Anatolia Forest Research Directory were published the 5 and 10 years old results: The five-year results of the experiment as a technical report (Cengiz et al., 1999) Results of provenance study at age 10 on Pinus brutia: Provenance-site interactions and defining breeding zones (Isık et al., 2002). IŞIK, K., TOPAK, M. ve KESKĐN, A. C., 1987: Kızılçamda (Pinus brutia Ten.) Orijin Denemeleri. O. G. M. Orman Ağaçları ve Islah Araştırma Müdürlüğü Yayın No: 3, Ankara CENGĐZ, Y., IŞIK, F., KESKĐN, S., GENÇ, A., DOĞAN, B., TOSUN, S., ÖZPAY, Z., AKSOY, C., ÖRTEL, E., GÜRGEN, D., DAĞDAŞ, S., UGURLU, S., 1999: Kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) Orijin Denemeleri. Teknik Bülten No: 11, Antalya. IŞIK, F., KESKĐN, S., CENGĐZ, Y., GENÇ, A., DOĞAN, B., ÖZPAY, Z., TOSUN, S., UĞURLU, ÖRTEL, E., DAĞDAŞ, S., KARATAY, H., 2002: Kızılçam Orijin denemelerinin 10 yıllık Sonuçları (Orijin-Çevre Etkileşimi ve Tohum Transferi Üzerine Etkisi),.Batı Akdeniz Ormancılık Araştırma Müdürlüğü yayın No: 016, Orman Bakanlığı yayın No: 158, teknik Bülten No: 14, Antalya, 155 s. IŞIK, F., KESKĐN, S., MCKEAND, S.E., 2000: Provenance Variation and Provenance-Site Interaction in Pinus brutia TEN: Consequences of Defining Breeding Zones, Silvae Genetica 49, Heft 4-5, 2000, 169-232 pp. 2-Anatolian Black Pine (Pinus nigra Arnold subsp. Pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) Provenance trial The Turkish Forest Research Institute established it in 1984 on 24 test sites. 36 provenances were tested (all the origin were from Turkey) below Table 2. The experiments were laid out in the fields as to ‘‘Randomized Complete Blocks Method’’ with 3 replications. 16 seedlings in square in each block initially represented each provenance. Spacing was 2 m between in a row and 2 m between the rows. 12 test sites are under control. The coordinator institute of (Pinus nigra Arnold) provenance trial is Western Black Sea Forest Research Directory (Bolu) Turkish forestry Research Institute were published the nine year results as a technical reports: The first results of Anatolian Black Pine (Pinus nigra Arnold subsp. Pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) Provenance trials in Turkey (Simsek et al., 1995). ŞĐMŞEK, Y., ERKULOĞLU, Ö., TOSUN, S., 1995: Türkiye’de Karaçam (Pinus nigra Arnold ssp. pallasiana Lamb.Holmboe) Orijin Denemeleri Đlk sonuçları, Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü yayınları, Teknik Bülten No: 247, Ankara, 63 s. 3-Taurus Cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich) Provenance Trial The Turkish Forest Research Institute established it in 1989-1990 on 16 test sites. 35 provenances were tested (all the origin were from Turkey) below Table 3. 14 test sites are under control. The experiments were laid out in the fields as to ‘‘Randomized Complete Blocks Method’’ with 3 replications. 16 seedlings in square in each block initially represented each provenance. Spacing was 1.5 m between in a row and 3 m between the rows. The coordinator institute of (Cedrus libani A. Rich) provenance trial is Central Anatolia Forest Research Institute (Ankara). Central Anatolia Forest Research Institute were published the 5 years old results: The five-year results of the experiment were published as a technical report. The ten-year results are analyzed, but not published. The first results of Taurus Cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) Provenance trials in Turkey (Dagdas et al., 1997). DAĞDAŞ, S., GENÇ, A., DOĞAN, B., CENGĐZ, Y., KESKĐN, S., ÖRTEL, E. ve UĞURLU, S., 1997: Türkiye’de Sedir (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) Orijin Denemelerinin Đlk Sonuçları. Đç Anadolu Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları, Teknik Bülten Serisi, No: 271, 128 s. 4-Scotch Pine (Pinus sylvestis L.) Provenance Trial The Turkish Forest Research Institute established it in 1989-1990 on 22 test sites. 35 provenances were tested (33 provenances originating from Turkey, 2 provenances from Netherlands (Ommen and Epe provenances) below Table 4. Most provenances included in the experiment were phenotypically superior stands and had been designated as seed stands for operational planting programs for a particular region. For each provenance, about 25-30 trees were sampled, cones were bulked and sun dried to extract seeds. Two-year old seedlings were transplanted to 22 sites in the late autumn of 1989 and in the winter of 1990. The experiments were laid out in the fields as to ‘‘Randomized Complete Blocks Method’’ with 3 replications. 16 seedlings in square in each block initially represented each provenance. Spacing was 1.5 m between in a row and 3 m between the rows. 15 test sites are under control. The coordinator institute of (Pinus sylvestis L.) provenance trial is Central Anatolia Forest Research Institute (Ankara). Central Anatolia Forest Research Institute were published the 5 years old results. The first preliminary results of Scotch Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) provenance tests in Turkey (Dagdas et al., 1998). The eleven-year results are analyzed, but not published. DAĞDAŞ, S., TOSUN, S., ATASOY, H. ve DAŞDEMĐR, Đ., 1998: Türkiye’ de Sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L) Orijin denemelerinin Đlk Sonuçları Đç Anadolu Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları, Teknik Bülten Serisi, No.:272, Ankara,119 s. 5- Abies grandis lindl Provenance trial in Black Sea Region Western Black Sea Forest Research Directory established it in 1988 on 5 test sides. 24 provenances were tested on 5 test sites. 16 provenances of Abies grandis, 4 provenances of Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach. subsp. nordmanniana),2 provenances of Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach. subsp. bornmülleriana and 2 provenances of Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach. subsp equi-trojani (Ascher.et Sint.) Coode et Cullen originating from Turkey were tested on 5 test sites. The experiments were laid out in the fields as to ‘‘Randomized Complete Blocks Method’’ with 3 replications. 20 seedlings in square in each block initially represented each provenance. Spacing was 6 m between in a row and 6 m between the rows. 6 test sites are under control. The coordinator institute of this research is Western Black Sea Forest Research Directory. Western Black Sea Forest Research Directory as a technical report published the tenth year results (Atasoy et al., 2003). ATASOY, H., KÜÇÜK, M., ULU, F, 2003: Doğukaradeniz Bölgesinde Abies grandis (dougl) Lindl. Orijin denemelerinin On Üç Yıllık Sonuçları. Doğu Karadeniz Ormancılık Araştırma Müdürlüğü, teknik Bülten No: 15, Trabzon 6-Provenance Trial of Stone Pine (Pinus pinea L.) in Mediterranean region It was established in 1996 on 6 test sides. 19 provenances (4 provenances originating from Turkey, 4 provenance from Lebanon, 4 provenances from Spain, 5 provenances from France, 1 provenance from Italy, 1 Provenance from Greece) were tested on 6 test sites. The list of Stone Pine (Pinus pinea L.) were given below Table 5.The experiments were laid out in the fields as to ‘‘Randomized Complete Blocks Method’’ with 3 replications. 20 seedlings in square in each block initially represented each provenance. Spacing was 6 m between in a row and 6 m between the rows. 6 test sites are under control. The coordinator institute of (Pinus pinea L.) is Aegean Forest Research Directory (Izmir). This trial was supported by INRA. The seeds of foreign origin were provided by INRA. There is no publication about Stone Pine provenance trial now. The name of trial area: Kozak-Bergama-Izmir, Kocarli-Aydın (2 trial area in Aegean region), Baskoy-Antalya, Incik-Antalya, Tarsus-Icel, Mut-Icel (4 trial area in Mediterranean region). Table 5. The provenances of Stone Pine (Pinus pinea L.) Provenance Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Country Lebanon Spain Spain Spain Lebanon Lebanon Lebanon Greece Spain France France France France France Italy Turkey Turkey Turkey Turkey Provenance Beit Mounzer (Maddath Jebbel) Mcscta Castellana Cordillera Central Andalucia Occidental Bkassine Qsaibe Centne Chalkidiki Agios Nikolaos Cataluna St Raphael Villeneuvette (Herault) St Aygulf Brignoles–Le Val Saintes-Maries (B.du.Rh.) Feninglia 67 Bursa-Yalova-Dumanlıdag Canakkale-Millipark Mugla-Yatagan-Katrancı Antalya-Kumluca Table 1. Geographic information on Turkish Red Pine (Pinus brutia L.) provenances No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Forest District Karsanti Buffavento Karaagac Karakoyak Gokcesu Yivil Pembecik Karakoyak Findikpinari Akdere Guzeoluk Findikpinari Caltibuku Melli Merkez Duzlercami Guzelbag Eskibag Karacay Karacay Pinargozu Kargi Kumluca Olimpos Seydan Baharlar Ezine Karakoy Bigadic Catilibuk Orhaneli Golhisar Karadag Sogutdagi Ulucinar Sucati Yayladag Cetibeli Yaras Boyali Sahinkaya Delikdere Đbrahim onu Cam golu Huridagi Karatepe Findik Karacadag Dokuzdereler Guzelyurt Working Circle Pos Cyprus Cyprus Tarsus Anamur Anamur Gulnar Tarsus Mersin Silifke Erdemli Mersin Anamur Bucak Bucak Antalya Gundogmus Gundogmus Kas Kas Serik Alanya Kumluca Antalya Sindirgi Ayvacik-Can Ayvacik-Can Bayramic Bigadic M.K. pasa Orhaneli Golhisar Sutculer Sutculer Antakya K.Maras Antakya Marmaris Mugla Yilanli Gordes Dursunbey Goynuk Bafra Niksar Karabuk Siirt Izmir Kesan Cyprus Latitude 37° 34΄ 35° 17΄ 35° 18΄ 37° 05΄ 36° 11΄ 36° 05΄ 36° 14΄ 37° 07΄ 36° 55΄ 36° 13΄ 36° 45΄ 36° 57΄ 36° 17΄ 37° 24΄ 37° 30΄ 36° 59΄ 36° 45΄ 36° 42΄ 36° 24΄ 36° 24΄ 37° 16΄ 36° 36΄ 36° 26΄ 36° 35΄ 39° 12΄ 39° 36΄ 39° 53΄ 39° 50΄ 39° 24΄ 39° 58΄ 40° 00΄ 37° 04΄ 37° 30΄ 37° 21΄ 36° 21΄ 36° 21΄ 37° 46΄ 35° 54΄ 37° 00΄ 37° 06΄ 37° 17΄ 38° 50΄ 39° 42΄ 40° 11΄ 41° 39΄ 40° 38΄ 41° 05΄ 37° 29΄ 38° 06΄ 40° 44΄ Longitude 35°24΄ 33° 24΄ 33° 32΄ 34° 33΄ 32° 45΄ 32° 41΄ 33° 15΄ 34° 31΄ 34° 26΄ 33° 43΄ 34° 10΄ 34° 24΄ 32° 48΄ 30° 37΄ 30° 41΄ 30° 33΄ 31° 58΄ 32° 10΄ 29° 30΄ 29° 32΄ 31° 58΄ 31° 57΄ 30° 15΄ 30° 28΄ 28° 08΄ 26° 34΄ 26° 25΄ 25° 55΄ 28° 22΄ 28° 40΄ 28° 55΄ 30° 27΄ 30° 51΄ 30° 54΄ 35° 57΄ 36° 42΄ 36° 01΄ 28° 19΄ 28° 32΄ 28° 34΄ 28° 04΄ 28° 37΄ 30° 49΄ 35° 27΄ 36° 43΄ 32° 41΄ 42° 00΄ 27° 05΄ 26° 43΄ 33° 03΄ Altitude (m) 600 500 320 1000 600 650 650 800 750 125 1150 1150 1000 800 800 275 650 1000 720 830 750 350 250 350 400 550 300 400 350 450 600 1100 650 400 385 800 480 60 750 750 350 600 600 100 250 450 700 400 175 200 Table 2. Geographic information on Anatolian Black Pine (Crimean pine) (Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold subsp. nigra var. caramanica (Loud.) Rehder) provenances No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Forest District Boyabat Kastamanu Yenice Mengen Mudurnu Çatalca Đnegöl M.Kemâlpaşa Kızılcahamam Ankara Yenice Balıkesir Alaçam Alaçam Domaniç Tavşanlı Simav Simav Demirci Uşak Uşak Gördes Bayındır Nazilli Denizli Denizli Yılanlı Gölhisar Eğirdir Sütçüler Alanya Gazipaşa-Culluca Gazipaşa-Culluca Pos Kozan Andırın Working Circle Elekdağ Karadere Bakraz-Deveboynu Daren –Sorgun Sarpuncuk Beytepe Boğazova Burhandağı Çamkoru Beynam Asar-Tahtalı Korucu Gölcük Gölcük D. Çarşamba Đkizoluk Kocagüvez A. Söğütderesi Söğütçük Oturak-1300 m Oturak- 1450 m Güneşli-Sıgırova Ovacık Sarıcaova Sapacaboğazı K. Tepe-G .Kaya Elkindağ Gölhisar Merkez Tota Söğüt Sazak-900-1000 m Sazak-1050-1400 m Soğukoluk Meydan Fındıklıdere Latitude 410 32’ 410 09’ 410 38’ 400 57’ 400 31’ 410 32’ 390 56’ 390 54’ 400 35’ 390 50’ 390 50’ 390 23’ 390 33’ 390 33’ 390 51’ 390 25’ 390 22’ 390 14’ 390 08’ 380 54’ 380 54’ 390 08’ 380 19’ 380 02’ 370 43’ 370 40’ 370 11’ 370 02’ 370 17’ 370 32’ 360 34’ 360 14’ 360 14’ 370 37’ 370 43’ 37 0 44’ Longitude 34 0 28 ’ 34 0 02 ’ 32 0 18 ’ 32 0 17 ’ 31 0 27’ 29 0 10’ 29 0 24’ 28 0 43’ 32 0 29’ 32 0 55’ 27 0 08’ 27 0 15’ 28 0 24’ 28 0 24’ 29 0 29’ 29 0 07’ 29 0 03’ 28 0 44’ 28 0 36’ 29 0 55’ 29 0 55’ 28 0 25’ 27 0 40’ 28 0 38’ 29 0 04’ 29 0 24’ 28 0 32’ 29 0 27’ 30 0 56’ 31 0 08’ 32 0 24’ 32 0 33’ 32 0 33’ 35 0 14’ 35 0 36’ 36 0 21’ Altitude (m) 1250-1500 1200-1450 900 350-1000 1200 200 – 300 1200-1300 900 – 1000 1550 1400 300 800 1200 1450 1350-1550 1200-1700 1300-1500 1150-1400 1200 1300 1450 1100 850 1100 1250 700 1100 1010 – 1350 1200 1450 – 1700 1400 900 – 1000 1050 – 1400 1200 1100 – 1200 1500 Table 3. Geographic information on Taurus Cedar (Cedrus libani A. rich.) provenances No 2 4 6 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Forest District Bozdag Sultandagi-Deresinek Dirmil Belcegiz Belcegiz Kizildag Kapidag Karacay Ciglikara-kocova Eskibag Kemer Aykiricay-Sirken Yukari Alakir Bucak Aras. Orman. Duden-yaniktepe Sogutdagi Arslankoy-Baspinar Damlacali Saglik-Gokyurt Karakuz Mansurlu-Yumurtatepe Meydan-Hancukuru Ayvacik-Catak Elmadag Akifiye-Findiklidere Hassa-Kislakdere Merkez-Malakhasan Baraj-Akinci koyu Sevindik Hartlap-Cagirgandere Elmalar-Golcegiz-Kalekoy Merkez -Torbuzek-Mursel Kazanci-Kocasdagi Nurdagi-Hinzirli Yeniyapan Yavsan dagi Working Circle Acipayam Afyon Golhisar S.karaagac S.karaagac S.karaagac Isparta Kas-Lengume Elmalı Gündoğmuş Antalya Finike Kumluca Elmali Anamur-Abanoz Gülnar Mersin Ermenek Konya Pozantı Feke Kozan Saimbeyli Andırın Andırın Antakya Göksun Niksar Elmalı K Maras K Maras Göksun Ermenek Osmaniye K Maras Hartlap Latitude 37° 15΄ 38° 32΄ 36° 55΄ 37° 52΄ 37° 50΄ 38° 08΄ 38° 05΄ 36° 23΄ 36° 33΄ 36° 58΄ 36° 37΄ 36° 27΄ 36° 36΄ 36° 33΄ 36° 19΄ 36° 19΄ 37° 00΄ 36° 32΄ 37° 49΄ 37° 30΄ 37° 48΄ 37° 36΄ 37° 48΄ 37° 37΄ 37° 44΄ 36° 50΄ 38° 03΄ 40° 47΄ 36° 31΄ 37° 27΄ 37° 46΄ 38° 08΄ 36° 30΄ 37° 03΄ 37° 31΄ Longitude 29° 13΄ 31° 09΄ 29° 29΄ 31° 17΄ 32° 18΄ 31° 18΄ 38° 42΄ 29° 26΄ 29° 48΄ 32° 10΄ 30° 28΄ 30° 10΄ 30° 23΄ 29° 48΄ 32° 58΄ 33° 08΄ 34° 14΄ 32° 46΄ 32° 02΄ 34° 57΄ 35° 45΄ 35° 24΄ 36° 11΄ 36° 28΄ 36° 21΄ 36° 30΄ 36° 25΄ 36° 34΄ 29° 44΄ 36° 35΄ 37° 06΄ 32° 44΄ 36° 44΄ 36° 17΄ 36° 45΄ Altitude (m) 1730 1350 1500-1650 1600 1550 1370 1400-1600 1300-1550 1550 1500 1450 1250-1300 1350 1500 1360 1350 1600 1550-1600 1650 1580 1200-1350 1450 1490 1500-1600 1460 1400 1650 850 1500 900-950 1450 1730 1710 1450 1350 Table 4. Geographic information on Scotch Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) provenances No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Forest District Eskişehir-Çatacık Çamlıdere Yahyalı-Pınarbaşı Hollanda Hollanda Sarıkamış Yusufeli Sarıkamış Sarıkamış Eskişehir-Çatacık Eskişehir-Çatacık Uşak Eskipazar Araç Kargı Araç Bolu-Seben Karabük Zonguldak-Dirgine Aladağ Aladağ Aladağ Aladağ Daday Yığılca Akdağmadeni Akdağmadeni Artvin-Göktaş Akçaabat Vezirköprü Mesudiye Vezirköprü Mesudiye Espiye Karabük Working Circle Değirmendere Benliyayla Akdağ NL T 1 .1. 01- 11 NL S 2. 2. 16- 03 Sarıkamış Kılıçkaya Çıplakdağ Boyalı Gümelidere Değirmendere Oturak Eğriova Dereyayla Erenler-Kösdağ Dereyayla Taşlıyayla Büyükdüz Değirmendere Aladağsuyu Aladağsuyu Kartalkaya Kartalkaya Koldandere Boğabeli Sırıklı Aktaş Taraklı Sertkaya köyü Ovacık Iğdırdağı Ovacık Arpaalan Tohumluk Keltepe Latitude 39058΄ 40029΄ 38o43΄ Longitude 31006’ 32010’ 36013 “ 400 17΄ 42037’ Altitude (m.) 1300-1700-1450 1650 1650 0-100 0-100 2200 39058΄ 39058΄ 38054΄ 31004’ 31007’ 29050’ 2360 2150 1550 1550 1675 41010’ 35015’ 1500 41034’ 33015’ 1500 40038’ 40037’ 40035’ 40037’ 31041’ 31019’ 31042’ 31043’ 1400 1350 1500 1500 40037’ 39034’ 30050’ 35050’ 40022’ 37055’ 40022’ 37052’ 1800 1750 900 650 1200 1900 1300 1650 1770 1400
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