01 Samsun künye 11
Transkript
01 Samsun künye 11
CONTENTS THE CITY WHERE THE SUN HAS RISEN HISTORY - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -12 THE ORIGIN OF THE NAME, SAMSUN - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -14 BRIEF HISTORY OF SAMSUN - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -14 GEOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS - - - -20 SAMSUN STEP BY STEP - - - - - - - - - - - - -26 ‹LKADIM DISTRICT - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -28 AM‹SOS ANCIENT CITY - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -28 BARUTHANE / KALKANCA TUMULI - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -28 DÜNDARTEPE / ÖKSÜRÜKTEPE MOUND - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -30 BÜYÜK CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -30 YALI CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -30 KALE CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -31 HANÇERL‹ CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -32 fiEYH SEYY‹D KUDB‹DD‹N CAM‹‹ VE TÜRBES‹ (MOSQUE AND TOMB) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -32 SÜLEYMAN PASHA MEDRESES‹ (MADRASAH) - - - - - - - - - - -33 MATER DOLOROSA CATHOLIC CHURCH - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -33 ACEM TEKKES‹ (DERVISH LODGE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -34 TAfiHAN (INN) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -34 BEDESTEN (BAZAAR) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -35 Ç‹FTE HAMAM (HAMMAM) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -35 fi‹FA HAMAMI (HAMMAM) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -35 ALEMDARZADE ÇEfiMES‹ (FOUNTAIN) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -35 SAMSUN MUNICIPALITY BUILDING - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -36 MUNICIPALITY DEPARTMENT OF CULTURE AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -37 PROVINCIAL DIRECTORATE OF CULTURE AND TOURISM - - - -38 REJ‹ S‹GARA FABR‹KASI (TOBACCO FACTORY) - - - - - - - - - - - -38 THE FORMER TEKEL GENERAL DIRECTORATE BUILDING - - -39 YOL-‹fi SYNDICATE BUILDING - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -39 OLD BRITISH CONSULATE BUILDING - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -39 ÇARfiI POLICE STATION - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -40 ‹ST‹KLAL ‹LK T‹CARET MEKTEB‹ (TRADE SCHOOL) - - - - - - - -40 FAZIL KADI PRIMARY SCHOOL - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -40 SOCIAL SCIENCES COLLEGE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -40 ATATÜRK ANADOLU HIGHSCHOOL - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -41 MUNICIPAL CONSERVATORY - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -41 SELAN‹K BANKASI (BANK) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -41 Z‹RAAT BANKASI (BANK) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -42 contents MERKEZ BANKASI (BANK) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -42 GARANT‹ BANKASI (BANK) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -42 VARYETE S‹NEMASI (CINEMA) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -43 ESK‹ SARAY HOTEL - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -43 SAH‹L PALAS HOTEL - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -44 SAMSUN CITY CLUB - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -44 SAMSUN MENTAL HOSPITAL - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -44 SAMSUN DOMICIL ARCHITECTURE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -45 SAMSUN ARCAHEOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY MUSEUM - - -46 GAZ‹ MUSEUM - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -48 CLOCK TOWER - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -49 ATATÜRK ANITI (MONUMENT) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -50 ATATÜRK PARK - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -50 ‹LKADIM ANITI (MONUMENT) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -50 SAH‹L GEZ‹ YOLU- COASTAL ALLEY - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -51 BATI PARK, TELEFERIC AND BARUTHANE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -53 COASTS OF SAMSUN - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -54 CAN‹K - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -55 TOPTEPE TÜMÜLÜSLER‹ (TUMULI) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -56 BANDIRMA SHIP MUSEUM AND THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE OUTDOOR MUSEUM - - - -56 DO⁄U PARK (EAST PARK) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -57 MEfiE CULTURAL PARK - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -57 KOZLU V‹LLAGE MOSQUE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -57 AKALAN KALES‹ (CASTLE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -58 BÜYÜK KOLPINAR TÜMÜLÜSÜ (TUMULUS) - - - - - - - - - - - - - -58 ATAKUM COASTS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -58 TEKKEKÖY - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -59 TEKKEKÖY MA⁄ARALARI (CAVES) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -61 KABACEV‹Z fiELALELER‹ (WATERFALLS) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -61 COSTAL ORMANI (FOREST) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -61 HACI OSMAN KORUSU (GROVE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -61 KELTEPE K‹L‹SES‹ (CHURCH) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -62 ATATÜRK’S HOUSE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -62 ÇINARALAN K‹L‹SE – CAM‹‹ (CHURCH-MOSQUE) - - - - - - - - - -62 SHEIKH YUSUF ZEYNÜDD‹N CAM‹‹ VE TÜRBES‹ (MOSQUE AND TOMB) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -62 ÇIRAKMAN YELDE⁄‹RMEN‹ (WINDMILL) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -62 contents CONTENTS ATAKUM - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -58 CONTENTS ÇARfiAMBA - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -63 YEfi‹LIRMAK - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -64 GÖ⁄CEL‹ / GÖKÇEL‹ CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -65 fiEYHHAB‹L CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -65 ESK‹ KENT K‹L‹SES‹ (CHURCH) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -66 BEDESTEN (OLD BAZAAR) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -66 TERME - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -67 ÇAMLIK CAMPING - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -70 M‹L‹Ç PINE GROVE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -70 YUKARI SÖ⁄ÜTLÜ CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -70 AfiA⁄I SÖ⁄ÜTLÜ CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -71 SALIPAZARI - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -73 GARPU KALES‹ (CASTLE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -75 ÇATAK AHMET A⁄A V‹LLAGE WOODEN MOSQUE - - - - - - - - -75 SAMZAMA KADEM TÜRBES‹ (TOMB) AND TOPAL HACI TÜRBES‹ (TOMB) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -75 ALBAK CAM‹‹ & KÖPRÜSÜ (MOSQUE AND BRIDGE) - - - - - - -75 AYVACIK - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -77 AYVACIK DAMS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -78 ONDOKUZ MAYIS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -79 NEB‹YAN MOUNTAIN - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -80 ENG‹Z CREEK - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -81 AHfiAP CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -81 fiEYH BEYK TÜRBES‹ (TOMB) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -81 YÖRÜKLER HAMAMI (HAMMAM) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -82 TAfi KÖPRÜ (BRIDGE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -82 BAFRA - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -83 KIZILIRMAK RIVER - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -84 BAFRA, KIZILIRMAK DELTA BIRD SANCTUARY - - - - - - - - - - - -85 BAFRA AKALAN fiELALELER‹ (WATERFALLS) - - - - - - - - - - - - -85 ALTINKAYA DAM - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -86 DERBENT DAM - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -86 ‹K‹ZTEPE MOUND - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -86 ASAR KALE (CASTLE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -88 MARTI KALES‹ (CASTLE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -88 BÜYÜK CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -88 TAYYAR PAfiA CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -89 ÇARfiI CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -89 EM‹R M‹RZA BEY TÜRBES‹ (TOMB) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -89 contents HIZIR BEY TÜRBES‹ (TOMB) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -89 fi‹FA HAMAMI (HAMMAM) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -90 BEDESTEN (OLD BAZAAR) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -90 AL‹BEY ÇEfiMES‹ (FOUNTAIN) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -90 HÜSEY‹N BEY ÇEfiMES‹ (FOUNTAIN) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -91 BAFRA DEN‹Z FENER‹ (LIGHTHOUSE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -91 ÇET‹NKAYA KÖPRÜSÜ (BRIDGE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -91 ALAÇAM - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -93 ALAÇAM MANSIONS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -94 ALAÇAM BAY - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -94 GEY‹K KOfiAN PROMENADE AND TOMB - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -94 YAKAKENT - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -95 LAKE ÇAM - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -96 LAKE KUNDUZ BALIK - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -96 P‹LAVTEPE TÜMÜLÜSÜ (TUMULUS) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -96 KAVAK - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -97 KALE DORU⁄U HÖYÜ⁄Ü (MOUND) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -98 DERE CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -98 BEKDEM‹R KÖYÜ CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -99 ÇAKALLI HAN (INN) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -99 ÇAKALLI KÖPRÜSÜ (BRIDGE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -100 PROMENADES - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -100 AKYAZI KÖYÜ CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -102 KOfiACA KÖYÜ CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -102 AYAKLIALAN KÖYÜ K‹L‹SE KALINTISI (CHURCH RUINS) - - - -102 HAVZA - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -103 HAVZA ATATÜRK HOUSE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -104 LERDÜ⁄E / ÇAMYATA⁄I TÜMÜLÜSLER‹ (TUMULI) - - - - - - - -106 TAfi MEKTEP BUILDING - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -106 S‹VR‹KESE CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -106 YÖRGÜÇ MUSTAFA BEY CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - -106 fiEYH SAVCI TÜRBES‹ (TOMB) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -107 F‹RUZ A⁄A MEDRESES‹ (MADRASAH) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -108 HAVZA ‹MARET‹ (SOUP-KITCHEN) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -108 HAVZA THERMAL SPRINGS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -108 ASLANA⁄ZI - KIZ GÖZÜ THERMAL SPRING - - - - - - - - - - - - - -110 KÜÇÜK HAMAM (HAMMAM) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -111 MAAR‹F HOTEL AND HAMMAM - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -111 contents CONTENTS ASARCIK - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -101 CONTENTS TRADITIONAL DOMICIL ARCHITECTURE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -111 VEZ‹RKÖPRÜ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -113 TUMULI - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -115 ESENKÖY ROCK TOMB - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -116 TÜRKMEN VILLAGE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -116 KALE / TAfiKALE CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -116 ABDÜLGAN‹ / NAMAZGÂH CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) - - - - - - - - - - - -117 BEDESTEN-CARAVANSERAI - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -117 TAfiHAN (INN) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -118 ABDÜLKER‹M A⁄A MEDRESES‹ (MADRASAH) - - - - - - - - - - -118 FAZIL AHMET PAfiA MEDRESES‹ (MADRASAH) - - - - - - - - - - -119 Ç‹FTE HAMAM (HAMMAM) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -119 KALE HAMAMI (HAMMAM) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -119 FOUNTAINS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -119 CLOCK TOWER - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -120 KURT KÖPRÜSÜ (BRIDGE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -120 KÖPRÜLÜ MEHMET PAfiA MONUMENT - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -120 LAD‹K - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -121 LAKE LAD‹K AND BIRD PARADISE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -123 TERSAKAN RIVER - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -124 AKDA⁄ PLATEAU - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -124 KÜPEC‹K PLATEAU - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -124 LAKE BÜYÜKKIZO⁄LU AND WATERFALL - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -125 LAD‹K KALES‹ (CASTLE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -125 BÜLBÜL HATUN CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -125 fiEYH SEYY‹D AHMED-‹ KEB‹R TÜRBES‹ (TOMB) - - - - - - - - -126 ESK‹ HAMAM (HAMMAM) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -127 HAMAMAYA⁄I THERMAL SPRING - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -127 CLOCK TOWER - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -127 TRADITIONAL CULTURE - - - - - - - - - - - -129 HANDICRAFTS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -131 TRADITIONAL ATTIRE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -131 TRADITIONAL FOLK DANCES - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -131 TRADITIONAL CUISINE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -133 VERBAL CULTURE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -137 CHRONOLOGY - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -138 BIBLIOGRAPHY - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -139 USEFUL INFORMATION - - - - - - - - - - - - -141 MAPS contents Sevgi Bridge Atatürk House - Tekkeköy THE CITY WHERE THE SUN HAS RISEN Samsun is the place where the first step towards the liberation and foundation of the Turkish Republic is set. In other words, the sun for the liberation and foundation has risen in Samsun. Samsun, being an important culture and trade centre and hosting different cultures and civilizations from the day of the first habitation up until today, lives and keeps alive its richness of 5500 years history as a brand city. The evidences found during the excavations which following the excavations of Bafra ‹kiztepe and Tekkeköy, continue in Vezirköprü Oymaa¤aç where Nerik, Hittites’ sacred city, is traced, shall add value to the historical richness of Samsun and of our country. When you arrive in Samsun, while you are taking a journey in the past with the Amazon Warriors and the Treasures of Amisos, you experience the excitement of coming aboard together with the Great Leader Atatürk and his comrade in arms from SS Band›rma at Tütün Wharf. Besides of having many artifacts from Seljuks, Principalities and the Ottoman period, Samsun, experiencing the pride of being the city where the sacred liberation movement of our country has started, takes important actions on living and keeping alive these values provided and committed to it by the history. In respect of its geographical position, Samsun has been a center of attraction at Black Sea throughout the history. It is a metropolitan, distinguished from the other cities in the Black Sea and Central Anatolia Region by means of its social, cultural, economical, health and education potentials. In addition to this, with its warmhearted people, wilderness, spas, plateaus and the new investments, it is taking important steps in order to become a tourism centre. Samsun, with its background, strategic position, and the resources, which can be used in the name of development and its identity as a substantial city, is a determinant city in its region. With this aspect, it will become a meeting centre for the countries around the Black Sea in regards with many subjects, among them the cultural ones being in the first place. In this introductory booklet you will witness the stages our city has passed from past to present furthermore you will be witnessing our works in order to bring the achievements of modern-days to Samsun besides the historical, natural, sociocultural and economical values. I would like to thank to every one who contributed efforts in the preparation of this booklet, which I believe is going to make a huge contribution to the publicity of our city, which is at all points in great development, and give my love and regards. Hasan Basri GÜZELO⁄LU Governor of Samsun HISTORY A view from Samsun THE ORIGIN OF THE NAME, SAMSUN 14 The texts from the Ancient Ages state that Samsun’s firstly name was Enete. At the beginning of the 6th century BC., a group of people from Miletus originating from Sinope, captures a small site called “Amisos” and establish emporion (marketplace). In the first half of the 6th century BC, Cappadocians came and settled in Amisos. In the middle of the 6th century BC Cappadocian leader lets the Phokaians “Ancient Phokaia” to settle in Amisos. In 437 BC a group of colonists who came previously from Athens to Sinope settle in Amisos in the leadership of Athenokles and change its name as Peiraieos. Eventhough RoHellenistic, Roman and Byzantine Period, Coins man Emperor Pompeius changed the city’s name to Pompeiopolis when he came to Amisos in 64 BC, this name has not lasted and in the following periods and the name of the city has been used as Amisos. The emerging of the name Samsun, as it is used today, is after the Turks ruled the place. While the name Samsun is used in the Turkish resources from 12th and 13th century, in the western resources of the same years the name Sampson is registered. It is known that both the word Samsun and the word Sampson are derived from Amisos. In case of the resources from Ottoman period, it is noticed that the word Samsun is used eventhough there are spelling differences. However during this period, although the city’s name is mentioned to be Samsun, the name Canik has been used as the name of the sanjak the city is governed by. The city, which became during the republican period a province by means of administrative regulation, is in our days also called Samsun. BRIEF HISTORY OF SAMSUN The findings acquired as a rehistory Idol, Early Bronze Age sult of the surveys on the many hills and tumuli in Samsun show that the region was widely inhabited during the Early Bronze Age. During the researches done in the region of Samsun, it has been determined that the earliest human traces in the region appear in Tekkeköy. In consequence of the researches done in the rock shelters, caves and flat habitations in the region, artifacts belonging to Lower Paleolithic Era, Mezolithic Era, Bronze Age and Hittite Period are captured. Outdoor habitations in this area are seen earliest in the Late Chalcolithic Period. While the habitations during the Late Chalcolithic – Early Bronze Age are in the neighborhood of Basra, Kavak, Havza; the habitations during the Middle Bronze Age gain intensity on the west and the south of Bafra. In case of Late Bronze Age, because of the Kaska invasions, there hasn’t been any habitation. Likewise the excavations in Vezirköprü, Oymaa¤aç tumulus present significant results in regards with the localization of Nerik, Woman Statuette, Hellenistic Period the cult city of the Hittites in the north, and the Hittite researches. The city-states developed in West Anatolia on the Aegean Sea costs especially Miletus and Phokaia, have built various cities at the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. One of these cities built up for trade purposes, is Amisos. Giresun (Kerassos) and Sinop (Sinoppe) are also among these cities built up in this manner. The city which got stronger with the day to day developing Black Sea trade, has subsisted until the Persian invasion in 550 BC. In the new organization made by the Persian Emperor Dareios I (522-485 BC), Samsun and the surroundings have remained within the borders of Satrapy of Cappadocia (military governorate). The Persians who couldn’t be influentiSkull, Early Bronze Age history 15 Treasure of Amisos, Golden Earring, Hellenistic Period 16 al in Samsun (Amisos), Sinop (Sinoppe) and Giresun (Kerassos) have lost their power with the march of Alexander the Great into Anatolia. Mithridates IV, king of Pontus, who started getting stronger at the beginning of the 4th century BC, has reached the Black Sea coast by ruling Yeflil›rmak and the surroundings. During this period, Samsun has developed economically due to the sea trade and the city has shown progress in respect of general appearance. In 88 BC, the king of Bithynia, provoked by Rome, attacked the lands of Mithridates. Mithridates won the battle and marched forward to West Anatolia. Head of Augustus, 1st Century B.C. history When Mithridates has lost the battle which he entered in 71 BC against Roman Army, the Black Sea coasts are conquered by Rome. Roman sovereignty has pursued even though it has been attacked from time to time. After the 50’s BC, Trapezos (Trabzon) on the east has gradually gained importance. Even though the Eastern Black Sea coasts and Trabzon have been exposed to Got attacks, Samsun has not been affected by them. After the separation of the Roman Empire in two in 395, it came under the control of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine). During this period Amisos has been transformed into eparchy centre. The wars started between the Byzantines and the Muslim Arabs have also affected Amisos. As a matter of fact, during a raid by Emir of Malatya, Ömer B. Abdullah, Amisos has been captured in 863. However, Byzantine Army beating Ömer B. Abdullah has taken it back and the city has remained in the Byzantine control until it has Mosaic, Roman Period been conquered by the Turks. Samsun is one of the first conquests of the Turks who spread into the Anatolia after the Victory of Malazgirt (1072). After that date, Samsun again came under the control of Byzantine. The Danishmends, who surrounded the city in 1086, couldn’t get the city from Byzantines but they have built up another city very close to it. They have called this city “New Samsun” or “Muslim Samsun”. In the course of time, trade and amity relations have been established between these two cities. Samsun, which became Muslim after being conquered by the Seljuk emperor K›l›ç Arslan II, has been passed to the control of Seljuk. The old Samsun remained under the control of the Genoese and the Byzantines. Even though the Trapezos Greek Empire had surrounded Samsun from time to time, they couldn’t have conquered it. Samsun, which was under the control of seignior state of Eretna in the 14th century, went afterwards under the control of Kubado¤ullar›. When the city has been handed over to Bayezid I, the control of Ottomans has started in Samsun. After having conquered New Samsun, The Ottomans didn’t touch the Old Samsun. Old Samsun with the taxes collected from the Genoese was an important income channel for the Ottoman State. Old Samsun which remained under the control of the Genoese until 1419 has beStatuette, Hellenistic Period history 17 Church Relief, Byzantine Period 18 en evacuated after a fire disaster. Çelebi Mehmet Khan, who took advantage of this state of the city, has annexed the city to the Ottoman lands. From this date on, the city developing under the control of the Ottoman, has got various monuments and buildings with reconstruction works. Evliya Çelebi, one of the important pilgrims of the 17th century, states that the inhabitants of Samsun (population) were occupied with shipping and hemp production, and the Castle of Samsun was a solid building built of stone at the seacoast. Evliya Çelebi calling attention to that Samsun had tasty water, states that the houses were with tiling, vineyards and orchards, but that the educational institutions Bell Buckle, Ottoman Period history were very few. He says that the hemp cords produced for moorings were sufficient for the whole world. As the result of the loss of Crimean by the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca 1774, the commercial importance of Samsun has also fairly degraded. However, from the mid 19th century onwards Samsun and Canik Sanjak started developing again. The facts that the plantation is becoming widespread and steamship operation also starting in the Black Sea have been important factors on this development. The commercial and economical potential of the city and the sanjak has developed as evenly as the population has increased. In the great fire of 1896 the city is destroyed almost completely. Gazi Museum During the World War I the trade has been paralyzed and the city suffered a lot. In 1915 the Russian battleships have cannoned the city. In the last years of the war and during the deliberation years, in the neighborhood of Samsun the movements of Pontus gangs have been striking. After the Montreux Armistice, a British Indian Force of 4000 people has occupied the City but these forces have left the country during the War of Independence. Samsun, taking an important role during the Turkish War of Independence, has become one of the most significant symbols of the process after Atatürk’s first arrival to the city on May 19, 1919. Mustafa Kemal Pafla, who came to Samsun as the 9th Army Inspector, has stayed at “M›nt›ka Palace Hotel” which today is serving as Gazi Museum. During the first 4-5 days he has spent in Samsun, he has prepared a Samsun Report containing his first observations. After that, Mustafa Kemal Pafla, who went to Havza, has organized a meeting there protesting the invasion of Izmir. Following that, Havza Memorandum has been issued and sent by telegraph to the whole country. After the proclamation of the Republic, Atatürk has come to Samsun on September 20, 1924 one more time. Samsun, which became a province in 1925, with the important steps taken in the succeeding years, became Turkey’s one of the developed cities. War of Indepedence Monument history 19 GEOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS Ayvac›k Dam 22 Samsun, located in the middle part of the Black Sea coast line, between the deltas where Yeflil›rmak and K›z›l›rmak rivers flow into the sea, has an area of 9.579 km2. The geographical coordination are 40° 50’ - 41° 51’N latitude, 37° 08’ - 34° 25’E longitude. The neighbors of Samsun, which has the Black Sea on its north, are Ordu in the east, Sinop in the west, Tokat and Amasya in the south, Çorum in the southwest. With regards to landforms Samsun shows three characteristics. First one is the highlands in the south, the second is the plateaus between the highlands and the coastal line, the third is the coastal plains between the plateaus and the coastal line. On the coastal plains formed in the delta regions of the rivers K›z›l›rmak river and Yeflil›rmak river, the plains of Bafra and Çarflamba are located, which have the highest agricultural potential of Turkey and are the highest plains of Turkey. The Black Sea shores of the lands of Samsun City are covegeographical characteristic red with plains while the inner parts running towards the south are covered with mountain ranges which are not too high. The region is between the Black Sea coasts and the mountains inside, running parallel along these coastlines. These mountains follow the east-west direction in ÜnyeÇarflamba part, east-south and west-northwest direction in Samsun-Bafra part. There are two main mountain ranges running from east to west and appearing to be the extension of each other. The one on the east is called Canik Mountains and the one on the west is called Çangal Mountains. The west ends of Canik Mountains, of which a large part is within the city of Ordu, are on the lands of Samsun. These mountain ranges which have a low attitude do not hinder the transportation between the Black Sea and the inner parts. The Çangal Mountains entering the Samsun borders from the west end is largely in the city borders of Sinop. The average altitude of Çangal Akda¤ Mountain, Ladik Mountains is 1500 m. The altitude of Akda¤, which is the highest mountain of Samsun, is 2062 m. Akda¤, located between the Ladik district and Amasya has a rich forest structure. Yeflil›rmak, when flowing into the Black Sea at Cape Civa, forms the very substantial alluvial Çarflamba plain. The Çarflamba plain, starting in Kirazl›k, has an area of 89.500 hectares. Thanks to the water channels which have been built by DS‹ (General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works), 70% of the land has been made eligible for agriculture. The remaining 30% is forested, reedy and marshy land. The river Yeflil›rmak rises in the Köse Mountains (2801m) in Sivas and flows into the Black Sea at Çarflamba - Civa Cape. Yeflil›rmak river, which divides Çarflamba from the middle in two, has a length of 519 km. K›z›l›rmak river reaching Bafra splits into several tributaries in Bafra. The river flowing into the sea at the Bafra Cape, forms large and alluvial lands behind. The plain having an irrigation area of 76.000 hectares is one of the most fertile lands of Turkey. In the north of the plain, irrigated by the water channels which have been built by DS‹, stock-breeding is done. K›z›l›rmak, which is the longest river of Turkey, has a length of 1151 km. K›z›l›rmak rising in K›z›l Da¤ in Sivas, forms a wide arch in Central Anatolia. The river splitting in tributaries on the west of Bafra flows into the Black Sea at Bafra Cape. Delice, Devres and Gök›rmak are among the most important tributaries of K›z›l›rmak. According to the measurements done near Bafra, its width during the most dry period is 46 m, and its depth 1.30 m. Terme Creek, rising in Black Forest, is an important stream with a width up to 30 m and gives live to paddy fields. In the region, Hasan U¤urlu, Suat U¤urlu, Bafra, Alt›nkaya and Derbent Dams are serving. The Dams built for energy production and irrigation purposes, are also resorts where fresh geographical characteristic 23 Galeriç Forest, Ondokuz May›s 24 water fishing is done. With these dams coming into service, the energy issue in the region has been solved completely. Hasan U¤urlu Dam has been built between the years 1971-1981 for the purpose of energy production. The construction of the Dam, which is one of the biggest dams after Keban, has been carried out by Turkish firms and engine- ers. The second dam, Suat U¤urlu Dam, which is 18 km further than Hasan U¤urlu Dam, has been built on Yeflil›rmak river between 1975-1981 both for energy production and for irrigation. The Alt›nkaya Dam, located 35 km southwest of Basra district on the K›z›l›rmak, is a rock fill type dam. The surrounding of the Dam is covered with wood- FLORA The presence of habitats with different ecological characteristics has enriched the delta of K›z›l›rmak in terms of the vegetation. The lakeshores, reed lands and marshlands are covered with intense vegetation. On the lakes, the species belonging to eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) family are dominant. At the shores one can find reed, nut grass, and rush. At some places water lily salso can be found. At dry sections the vegetation is weaker. In these areas within the rush vegetation, next to the witch grass, common plantain, five-finger grass and spurge geographical characteristic species, summer snowflake, blueweed and orchid are widespread. The coastal parts, where the sand dunes are located, are void of vegetation. In the other parts, spurge and mullein are very common. There are some areas, particularly in the old sand dunes, covered with shrubs and boskets such as daphne, strawberry, myrtle, kochia, buxus, rhododendron, and ornus. The dominant tree type of the Galeriç Woods, one of the rare alluvial woods of Turkey, is ash tree. Other important tree types are oak, willow, smoke tree and wormwood. Lake Simenit, Terme lands. In the neighborhood there are resorts and picnic areas and line and net fishing can be done. During the summer months there are fresh water fishes such as carp etc. Derbent Dam, built on K›z›l›rmak below the Alt›nkaya Dam, is used for energy production as is Alt›nkaya Dam. It is used for irrigation purposes as well. Around Bafra where K›z›l›rmak flows into the sea many large and small lakes are formed. Lake Liman, Lake Bal›k, Lake Karabo¤az are the important lakes in this region. Karagöze, Dutdibi, Çernek, Uzungöl and Lake Tombul are also counted among the other lakes formed in Bafra by K›z›l›rmak. On some of the lakes in the region, mullet and carp fishings done. Other lakes: Lake Simenit, Lake Akgöl, Lake Ladik FAUNA The Delta of K›z›l›rmak is a wetland ecosystem containing many types of nourishment in terms of biological production. The fact that the lakes, reed lands and marshlands on the delta are rich, with regards to planktons and invertebrate animals, creates this rich fauna. The fact that in an area of 16.000 hectares 100.000 water birds shelter, is the best indication for the richness of the delta with regards to nutrients and fauna elements. In the lakes of the delta there are large fish populations belonging to the fish species as carp, lucioperca, grey mullet, beluga, and trout. Furthermore, there is plenty of crayfish. Green frog, toad, tree frog and terrapin together with water snakes are permanent and important residents of the delta. The delta and immediate surroundings are also rich with regards to mammals. The main mammal species seen in the area are otter, wildcat, coyote, pine marten, squirrel and wild boar. geographical characteristic 25 SAMSUN STEP BY STEP Treasure of Amisos, Golden Bracelet, Hellenistic Period 28 ‹LKADIM DISTRICT AM‹SOS ANCIENT CITY ‹lkad›m district is located in the centre of Samsun city. It is neighboring Atakum district in the west, Canik district in the east, Kavak district in the south and the Black Sea in the north. In the district showing variety of mountains, plateaus and coastal plains with regards to landforms, the coastal line length is in total of 7.5 kilometers. The Great Leader Atatürk aiming for getting rid of the enemies after the World War I, believing that the liberation should be in national unity and solidarity, has headed towards Anatolia. This battle would start with him setting foot in Samsun on May 19, 1919. ‹lkad›m is the place where such a historical step is set and inherits its name from the first step which changed the faith of the Turkish history. The remains of the ancient city are on the Kalyon Cape, located on the northwest of today’s Samsun, in the area where the Cedit Quarter is located. The city has been built at the beginning of the 6th century BC by Ionians and it is suggested that its first name was Enete. Though, some ancient resources state the founders of the city as Milesians, some state Phokaians. Amisos is conquered by Athenians in 5th century BC and its name has been changed as “Peiraeus”. As known from the ancient resources, it has lived its pride during the period of Mithridates IV the king of Pontus. During this period the city is graced with temples, palaces and houses. It is stated that it had a harbour and a shipyard, and that there were significant olive groves around the city. Within the 1st century BC, the lands of Amisos increased and enriched. During Roman period the borders are expanded, going down until the Amisos Harbor located on the sides Coins, Hellenistic Period ilkad›m Baruthane Tumulis and slopes of Toraman Hill and the expansion area has increased by the establishment of the lower city. But today nothing can be seen except couple of remains in Amisos. From the discovered artifacts it is understood that the city witnessed habitation during Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods. On the found bronze coins belonging to the Hellenistic period, the name Amisos is stated. The coining has continued during Roman period as well. Products such as timber, fish, wine, olive oil, salt, hazelnut, semi-precious stones, wool and wool fabric, beeswax, grain, miltos (iron oxide) and iron were being exported from the city, which was a trade and production centre. These products were sent especially to the north and northeast coasts of Black Sea and to the Aegean Region. When Roman Empire, split in two, the city which remained on the lands of Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, became a bishopric centre with the name Amisos. BARUTHANE / KALKANCA TUMULI The two tumuli located in Kalkanca Quarter, on the Samsun-Sinop highway, 4km from the city, in Baruthane, are superimposed hills and are the graves where the noble people were buried in the ancient ages. At the end of the scientific excavations performed by the Museum Directorate with the support of Metropolitan Municipality of Samsun, two Baruthane North Tumulus Entrance ilkad›m 29 Büyük Mosque 30 graves have been discovered. The tumulus in the south has a height of 15 m and diameter of 40 m. underneath of this tumulus, a cream color plastered grave with two rooms has been found. In the front room, there is a decoration with two red colored lines to be seen as in the back room there is a deathbed to be seen. Under the tumulus on the north which is 8 m height and has a diameter of 30m, a grave structure consisting out of 3 rooms aligned one after the other, has been found. The walls of the rooms are decorated with fake pillars. As the graves have been burgled before, only, findings such as broken pot pieces, bronze nail and bones could be captured. According to the findings and the building characteristics of the grave, the date of these is determined as 3rd century BC. DÜNDARTEPE / ÖKSÜRÜKTEPE MOUND In the mound located 3 km southeast of the city centre and having a height of 15m, three ilkad›m layers related to the Early Bronze Age and the Hittites are found. BÜYÜK CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) It is in the city centre on the Saathane Meydan› (Saathane Square). It has been built by Hac› Ali Efendi from Batum on September 9, 1884. As it has been repaired by the mother of Sultan Abdülaziz, it is also called Valide Mosque. The mosque, built of face stone, has two minarets. The big central dome is constructed with cupolas around. The star shaped windows on the walls are colored with stained glass. On the inner side of the dome, there are colored hand drawn ornaments. The wooden minbar of the mosque is also ornamental. The mihrab is high and built of light pink marble. YALI CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) The mosque located in Bu¤day Pazar›, according to its epitaph, built in the year 1485 by a person named Hoca Hayrettin, has been repaired in 1894 by Sad›k Bin Abdullah. It Yal› Mosque is a mosque with one central dome sitting on an octagonal frame. The inside of the mosque is plain, and its mihrab is of stone. The mosque which has one small minaret has an elegant look. On the courtyard of the mosque, Abdullah Pafla Fountain, one of the oldest fountains of Samsun, is located. The fountain has lost its authentic look due to the reparations it has gone through. through renovations and reparations until today, it is stated that it is built in 1314 in favor of Ilkhanids’ Anatolia Governor Emir Timurtafl Pafla. The building which has a square plan, and covered with a dome, has lost its authenticity to a large extent. Kale Mosque KALE CAM‹‹ / KALE KAPISI MESC‹D‹ / KUYUMCULAR CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) The mosque is located in Kale Quarter, at the beginning of the open door bazaar called Bedesten, at the end of Nam›k Kemal Street. Because it is located exactly inside of the west port of the Castle of Samsun, it was called as “Kale Kap›s› Mescidi”. On the epitaph of the mosque which has gone ilkad›m 31 Hançerli Mosque HANÇERL‹ CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) 32 It has been built by a person named Mehmet Reflit in 1871, in place of the mosque ruined during the great fire broke out in Samsun in 1869. Its architect is an architect from Bafra, known by the nickname fiahbazzade. Hançerli Mosque, except its minaret, has been demolished completely except its minaret, during the earthquake in 1939. Afterwards, the mosque which can be seen today has been built on the same place. The characteristic of the Hançerli Mosque is to have the oldest minaret which has been able to subsist in Samsun. Other Mosques: Bazaar Mosque, Kurflunlu Mosque, ‹sa Baba Mosque and Tomb fieyh Seyyid Kudbiddin Mosque and Tomb ilkad›m fiEYH SEYY‹D KUDB‹DD‹N CAM‹‹ VE TÜRBES‹ (MOSQUE AND TOMB) The tomb and the mosque are located in the old graveyard area. Sheik Kudbiddin, who was the grandson of the Islamic scholar Abdulkadir Geylani, was martyrized in 1322, and buried, where he died as a martyr. The tomb is constructed of face stone with a square plan. It is covered with a cradle vault. As the epitaph of the mosque hasn’t reached today, the date of the construction is not known precisely. The mosque is of face stone and rubble and has an octagonal plan. The short minaret has an octagonal body on a square base and has a single balcony. On the graveyard where the mosque and the mausoleum are located, there have been a large number of gravestones 33 Mater Dolorosa Catholic Church belonging to the Seljuk and Ottoman Period found. SÜLEYMAN PAfiA MEDRESES‹ (MADRASAH) Süleyman Pafla Madrasah is near Saathane. The buildings foundation date is 1813. It has a horseshoe shaped plan and has two floors. The ground floor is of stone, the second floor is of masonry. MATER DOLOROSA CATHOLIC CHURCH The construction of the first church is carried out in 1846 by the Kapusen Monks. This church was a small building with the dimensions of 8x12 m. With the permission enacted by Sultan Murad in 1876, the church of today has been built. In 1885 a cemetery and a cloister have been built next to the Mater Dolorosa (Mother Mater Dolorosa Catholic Church ilkad›m Acem Dervish Lodge 34 of Sorrows-St.Mary) Church. The church is open to visitors. since the restoration it went through. ACEM TEKKES‹ (DERVISH LODGE) TAfiHAN (INN) The dervish lodge is in Hançerli Quarter on the 100. Y›l Avenue. There is no information about the construction date of the building. The front façade faces the avenue. The first floor of the single-storey masonry building on a cellar with a rough square plan and hipped roof is reached from the avenue via the two staircases on the sides. On this floor, there is a hall and a kitchen, a room and a big ceremony room all opening to this hall. The building serves as “Acem Tekkesi-Kültür ve Sohbet Evi” (Acem TekkesiCulture and Commune Center) Taflhan Inn ilkad›m The inn, which is a beautiful sample of the Ottoman civil architecture in Samsun, is dating from the end of the 17th century. Rectangle planned and two-storey building has two entrances. On the ground floor there is a courtyard without a porch. It is assumed that the cells around the courtyard were used as stables. At the main entrance on the west of the inn, there are 5 stores facing the street. The most authentic façade of the inn is the one on the west. On the second floor there are 24 cells. These cells opening through doors to the porch have also windows. The inn Bazaar has been repaired in 19741975. making some changes it has been assured that Bedesten can meet the needs. BEDESTEN (BAZAAR) The bazaar called Bedesten in Samsun is consisting out of the shops on both sides of a street and the ports between them. With the current appearance, it resembles more an Ottoman bazaar (arasta) rather than a covered bazaar. In Bedesten there is no epitaph on neither of the two ports which reached today. Therefore, there cannot be a precise date given about its construction year. In 1864 repairs have been carried out on the bazaar, during which the bazaar has been made more spacious by turning some of the shops into ports. Like in most bazaars, in this one as well, there were stores of people occupied with precious fabric, goldsmiths, antique dealers, jewelers, goldsilver dealers. In the course of time, the shopkeepers of Bedesten moved to the market place and stores selling different products are opened at their places. At the beginning of the 20th century by Ç‹FTE HAMAM (HAMMAM) Çifte Hamam, a Turkish bath is in Samsun, in Kaneo¤lu Quarter. The building dating from the mid 17th century has been built by Ayfle Sultan. It has a dome for dressing purposes and has a flad›rvan (water tank with a fountain) in the middle. Square planned hot room, reached through warm rooms, has been built with four iwans and rectangular cells. fi‹FA HAMAMI (HAMMAM) It has been built by the daughter of Köprülü Mehmet Pasha towards the end of the 17th century in Mehmet Pasha Quarter. The cool room has a square plan and a dome. In the centre there is a flad›rvan. In the square planned hot room, reached through warm room, there are two seclusion (private) rooms. ALEMDARZADE ÇEfiMES‹ (FOUNTAIN) It is a sample among the hisilkad›m 35 Municipality Building 36 torical fountains which could have preserved its historical characteristic. It is also known as Stad Fountain as it is located next to the old stadium. It is built at the end of the 19th century. On each façade, on the corners and in the middle of the fountain which is square planned and built of face stone, there are pilasters. The surface of the rounded arches is surrounded with triglyph sequence in a form as a frieze. On the frieze there is the epigraph of face stone, on the front façade sultan’s sig- FOUNTAINS In the 1870 annual of the city Trabzon, the presence of 54 fountains in Samsun is mentioned. In the course of time, most of these fountains have been destroyed or have become unusable. Most of the fountains which have reached today have lost their authentic characteristics. Fountains such as Baruthane Fountain (1893) and ‹smail Efendi Fountain are still there even though they are not in a good state. Kad› Fountain, to be observed on the exterior surface of the Faz›l Kad› Primary School’s wall facing Yeni Hamam Street (old name “Dede Avenue School”) draws attention with its stonework. ilkad›m nature of marble and on the both sides of the signature there are herbal motives. The top of the fountain has a rounded dome and determined by sliced motives. It is not on its original location. On its epigraph the statement “Foundation of Alemdarzade Haf›z Mehmet Aziz” is to be seen. SAMSUN MUNICIPALITY BUILDING The building being used as the Directorate building of Samsun Metropolitan Municipality is beyond any doubt one of the most beautiful historical municipal buildings of Turkey. It has been built by the mayor of the time Gebilizade Necip Bey, between the years 1913-1916. Gebilizade Necip Bey has obtained the land needed for the municipal building by expropriating the Nalbant Han (Inn) which was built previously at that place. The mayor has received tenders for the construction of the municipal building and as result; it has been decided to have the building done by the Italian Architect Monsieur Rici (who is also the person who brought cinematograph to Samsun for the first time). The building, of which the Municipality Department of Culture and Social Affairs exterior surface is coated with stones from Ünye, is one of the distinctive buildings in Samsun with its façade ornaments and architectural harmony. At the entrance of the three-storey building, the pillars which are also carrying the balcony of the second floor are to be seen. Next to the entrance there are places used as stores. On both sides of the balcony located in the middle of the second floor, there are four arched windows placed. On the third floor, there is pillared, triple arched balcony in the middle, with on each side windows completed with triangular pediments. On the epitaph placed on this floor is stated “Built between 1329-1331 in sovereignty of Sultan Muhammed V Reflad Khan during the presidency years of Gebilizade Necip Efendi”. The building has been completed on Thursday December 23, 1913 and the official opening has been held. The opening ceremony hosted by the mayor Gebilizade Necip Efendi, has been attended by civilian officers, soldiers, ulema (scolars) and religious leaders of Samsun. Furthermore the ceremony has been attended by Italian Consulate Officials, Samsun Consulate Officer of United Kingdom, Samsun Consulate Officer of France, Samsun Consul of AustroHungarian Empire, Vice-consular of Russia, Vice-consular of Greece, Vice-Consular of Belgium, Samsun Consulate officer of U.S.A, Vice-consular of Germany, Vice-consular of Sweden-Norway and Samsun community as well. MUNICIPALITY DEPARTMENT OF CULTURE AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS (FORMER POL‹HRON HOTEL / MILITARY HOSPITAL) For the military hospital serving as the Metropolitan Municipality, Directorate of Culture, it has been stated that it was used as the Polihron Hotel before the title deed registry of the year 1890. After the population exchange the building has been assigned to the treasury. This building used as court house between the years 1930-1940, has served as Military Hospital after that. After restorations carried out, the building has started operating as Metropolitan Municipality, Directorate of Culture. The façade of the four-storey building is ornamented. The long balcony on the second floor is spectacular. On the top three floors of the building windows are made in different styles; on the second floor wide ilkad›m 37 Provincal Directorate of Culture and Tourism Building arches, on the third floor flat arches, and on the top floor small double arches are used. On the side façades of the building there are windows with arches and with triangular pediments. 38 PROVINCIAL DIRECTORATE OF CULTURE AND TOURISM (BORLUO⁄LU HOUSE / TRADE SCHOOL / THE FORMER TEACHERAGE) The building built by the banker Borluo¤lu in 1890, has carrying the affects of the 19th centuries French architecture. After the population exchange, it has been assigned to General Directorate of National Real Estate and has been used as housing until 1936. In the following periods it has been used as the Trade School, Nam›k Kemal School, Public Education Center, Teacherage, and Teachers’ Health Center. Today, the two-storey building, serving as the Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourism, attracts attention Reji Tobacco Factory ilkad›m with its with pillars ornamented façade. REJ‹ S‹GARA FABR‹KASI (TOBACCO FACTORY) The big building to be seen in the city centre today, is the tobacco factory built in 1884 by the French Reign company founded in 1883. The factory which is established to process tobacco, one of the important production goods, had a big production volume until the 1970’s. Samsun Cigarette Factory which came after the factories in ‹stanbul and ‹zmir in terms of production has started losing importance after 1980’s and has been closed after the opening of Samsun Ball›ca Factory in 1997. While The Ottoman Empire was experiencing its worst times at the beginning of the 20th century, when the debts taken from the European countries became not being able to be payable, the state has gone under the financial control of the western states and had to let its resources on lease. In 1881, to supervise the collection of the debts of the Europeans, Düyun-u Umumiye ‹daresi (Council of Ottoman Revenues and Debts Administration) has been established. The Former Tekel General Directorate Building The western states, after having guaranteed the collection of their debts via Düyun-u Umumiye, they ensured the foundation of the Reign company to regulate and tax the tobacco production. In this way tobacco production and trade in Ottoman State went under the control of Reign Supervision. Reign Supervision, while getting the whole concession of the tobacco in 1884, also took the production monopoly of the tobacco within the country in the hands and has had all the production plants in Anatolia closed and founded big tobacco factories. Samsun Cigarette Factory is also one of the factories founded during that period. THE FORMER TEKEL GENERAL DIRECTORATE BUILDING (FORMER CONSULATE GENERAL OF AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE) storey building draws attention with its high windows and the part on its roof with triangular pediment. YOL-‹fi SYNDICATE BUILDING (FORMER FRENCH CONSULATE) The building which is today used as Yol-‹fl Syndicate Building has been assigned to the treasury after the population exchange. The building served as the French Consulate has two storeys. The entrance to the building is provided through pillars carrying Korinth capitals. These pillars are carrying the oriel on the second floor and this oriel has triangular pediment. There is also an oriel on the back façade of thebuilding. OLD BRITISH CONSULATE BUILDING The British Consulate buildYol-‹fl Syndicate Building The building which has been used as the Consulate of Austro-Hungarian Empire in the past is near the Cumhuriyet Meydan› (Republican Square). Today the building is assigned to Metropolitan Municipality of Samsun. The twoilkad›m 39 Faz›l Kad› Primary School 40 ing, which is one of the oldest consulate buildings, is today used as military entrance processing station. The first floor of the two-storey building is as cellar, and the entrance to the building is provided via stairs. achers of Samsun and has spoken to the teachers. The famous “The most real guide is the science” sentence has been spoken in this building. ÇARfiI POLICE STATION / ‹TT‹HAT VE TERAKK‹ B‹NASI (BUILDING OF THE COMMITTEE OF UNION AND PROGRESS) The ground floor of the building which has been built as school at the end of the 19th century has porches. The oriel, in the middle part of the building, continues on the second and third floor and ends with a triangular pediment. As regards to the general view, the building is three-storey in the middle, two-storey on the sides. The capital to be seen on the oriel and at the window sides are in Korinth form. Kad› Fountain, to be observed on the exterior surface of the school’s wall facing Yeni Hamam Street, draws attention with its stonework. The fountain is not used anymore. Çarfl› Police Station, which is on the Saathane Square, has been previously used as the Samsun branch of the Committee of Union and Progress. The building has two storeys. ‹ST‹KLAL ‹LK T‹CARET MEKTEB‹ (TRADE SCHOOL) The first idadi (high school) in Samsun has been opened in 1890. In 1921, in this building, a school with five classrooms has been opened with the name ‹stiklal Numune Mektebi in order to provide foreign language education in Samsun. At this school, the education has been done in Turkish in the mornings and in French in the afternoons. Mustafa Kemal Pafla has attended the tea party given in favor of the teilkad›m FAZIL KADI PRIMARY SCHOOL / DEDE AVLU MEKTEB‹ (SCHOOL) SOCIAL SCIENCES COLLEGE / Ç‹NEKL‹YON HIGHSCHOOL The building, being used as Social Sciences College today, has been built as Çinekliyon High school in 1912. The buil- Social Scienes College ding has also been used as Hilal-i Ahmer Hospital for a while. The building which hosted several schools following the restoration it went through, it is being used as Social Sciences College today. ATATÜRK ANADOLU HIGHSCHOOL (SAMSUN L‹SES‹-SAMSUN T‹CARET ‹DAD‹S‹) The building, of which the construction has started in 1911, started with the education in 1913-1914 educational years as Ticaret Idadisi. In 1914, it has been used as military hospital during the World War I. Ticaret Idadisi has been changed to Okul Sultani and moved to Frerler School building, which is used today as noncommissioned officer’s club. The school has moved in 1926-1927 to the building which is today known as Atatürk Anadolu High School. fiahinzade Remzi Bey. The building, serving today as the Municipal Conservatory, is one of the precious civilian architectural samples of Samsun. SELAN‹K BANKASI (BANK) The bank having its head office in ‹stanbul has been founded in 1888. The bank had one branch each in Salonika, Manast›r, Kavala, Edirne, Beyrut, Dedea¤aç, Üsküp, ‹skeçe and Samsun. The building which has been constructed as the Samsun branch of the Salonika Bank once upon a time can be seen in Bankalar Caddesi (street). The building has three storey. For a while it has been used as Nemlizade Bank and as a hotel as well. Municipal Conservatory Building MUNICIPAL CONSERVATORY /fiAH‹NZADE REMZ‹ BEY HOUSE This house where Mustafa Kemal Pafla who visited Samsun four times has stayed during his second visit (1924) was known as the house of ilkad›m 41 Ziraat Bank 42 Z‹RAAT BANKASI / FORMER AT‹NA BANKASI (BANK) MERKEZ BANKASI (NATIONAL BANK) The building, which has been serving as Atina (Athens) Bank in 1910, is today being used as the Special Operations Centre of Ziraat Bank. The bank established in 1893 had branches at several places of the world. It also had branches in ‹stanbul, ‹zmir, Samsun and Trabzon. During the Republic period in 1923 the bank is closed. The building which is one of the elegant buildings of the Bankalar Caddesi (street) is drawing attention with its monumental entrance and wide windows. The entrance to the two-storey building, constructed of cleancut face stones, is provided through the wide port on the front façade. The building leaves a monumental and strong impression. National Bank ilkad›m GARANT‹ BANKASI / FORMER OSMANLI BANKASI (BANK) Bank-› Osmanî-i fiahane (Osmanl› Bankas›) established in 1863, is an important bank which had in 1914 over 80 branches, 37 of them in Anatolia, 11 in Syria and Palestine, 5 in Egypt, 3 in Istanbul, 5 in Thrace, 6 in Macedonia and the others in Cyprus, Mesopotamia, Arabia and Albania. The Samsun branch of the bank has been opened in 1891. The building, serving as Garanti Bankas› today, draws attention with different architectural characteristics. The most attractive part of the bank building consisting out of the cellar, ground flour and the attic, is its tower. The entrance in the middle of the building extends as a tower. On the door the statement “Banque Im- Garanti Bank perial Ottomane” which is the French translation of Bank-› Osmanî-i fiahane is to be read. The building with its four rounded windows, façade ornaments, wrought irons, roof coating and of course its tower, has a special place in the architectural texture of Samsun. VARYETE S‹NEMASI (VARYETE CINEMA) The first cinema projection has been performed in 1909 at Meflrutiyet Theatre. Monsieur Rici (who also has drawn the project of the Samsun Municipial Building), has performed a cinematograph projection in Samsun, after ‹stanbul and Salonika. The first cinema building in Samsun has been built in 1910 by Boduro¤lu Kiryaki. The cinema, which took the name Alemdarzade in 1922, is named as Zafer Cinema in 1925. In 1912, Venus Cinema which is the second cinema of Samsun has been opened. Among the cinema saloons increasing gradually, in 1913 Pathé, in 1915 Kristal and Osmanl› cinemas have been added. Also Varyete Cinema located on the Bankalar Cadde- si, has served during this period when the cinemas were increasing. The building has three storeys. ESK‹ SARAY HOTEL The main entrance to the three-storey stone building which attracts attention with its elegant façades is provided through an arched port. On the ground floor there are places which had been used as stores. On the second and third floors there are big stone balconies. When the general view of the building is examined, it is seen that as ornament, pillar capitals in Corinth arrangement are used and herbal motives are preferred. Eski Saray Hotel ilkad›m 43 Samsun City Club SAH‹L PALAS HOTEL Sahil Palas Hotel which has been built in 1930 is one of the historical hotels of Samsun. The building has three storeys. 44 SAMSUN CITY CLUB The first floor of the building, which has been used as Rum Merchant Club, is of solid face stone floor and the second floor is coated on timber-work. On the first floor, the corbelled entrance is present. This Samsun Mental Hospital part is made of face stone and built later. On the second floor there is a wide terrace. There is an oriel ended by a triangular pediment. The attractive part of the building is the circular planned part on the west. The building has been used as a school after the population exchange. In the title deed registries, with regards the building used today as Samsun City Club, there is the description of “Abandoned from Arzuo¤lu Todoraki and 2/3 shares British citizen Monsieur ‹stefanos” present. SAMSUN MENTAL HOSPITAL The building located in Pazar Quarter is serving as psychiatric hospital. The construction of the hospital started in 1895 with the orders of the Tenant of Canik Hamdi Simavi Bey is completed in 1902. Owing to the name of the Padishah of that period Abdulhamid II, the hospital has been called “Canik Hamidiye Hospital”. The hospital, called at different periods by different names, ilkad›m Çarflambal›lar Association has two storeys. On the front façade there is an entrance emphasized by two pillars. The pillars are carrying the oriel on the second floor. On this oriel there are three lancet windows. SAMSUN DOMICIL ARCHITECTURE The external surfaces of the buildings, which usually have two storeys on the ground, are built by brick masonry and the inner divisions as timberwork. In the generality of the samples reached today there is an oriel on the second floor. Besides the oriel, there are also samples with balconies. The oriel is carried in some buildings by two and in some by four girders or pillars. There are also samples where pillar capitals are used. The pillars are made of wood or stone. There are, as simpler than pillar, applications carried by girders. At some buildings the oriels are supported by console like iron bars. The hipped roofs of the houses are coated by Turkish style roof tile; the undersides of the eaves are wooden. Indoors, there is a hall in the middle and the other rooms are opening into this hall. The floorings and the ceilings are wooden. The historical housing architecture, which can be seen dispersed throughout Samsun, is met collectively in Ülkü Sokak (Street). These houses of which most of them are under conservation offer an inÜlkü Street ilkad›m 45 Samsun Archaeology and Ethnography Museum 46 sight into the traditional architecture of Samsun. Among the houses in this street, variety in terms of façade composition is to be seen. While some of them are drawing attention with their pillars, some others evoke admiration with their oriels or balconies. One of the places, where the historical housing architecture is seen intensely, is Selahiye Quarter. At the place of 30 A¤ustos Primary School, which is in Selahiye Quarter - used to be known as Armenian Quarter, there used to be the Armenian St. Nigogayos Catholic Church. SAMSUN ARCHAEOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY MUSEUM The Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography in Samsun brings the citizens of Samsun and its visitors together with the rich history of the city since 1981. It consists of the central hall and two side halls. In the central hall Statuette of Athlete, Roman Period ilkad›m and the one on the right the archaeological artifacts and in the one on the left ethnographical artifacts are exhibited. The first artifact noticed as soon as entering the museum is for sure the mosaic in the central hall pleasing the eye with both its size and elaboration. The floor mosaic discovered in 1958 in Amisos ancient city is dated from Alexander Severus period (222-235). The mosaic has been repaired by Byzantines in the 5th century. During the Arab invasion it has been damaged partially. Amisos floor mosaic consists of 10 panels. It has the dimensions of 7x8 m. On the four corners of the mosaic there are women figures symbolizing the seasons. On the main panel in the center of the mosaic, the representations of the ancient Greek Hero Achilleus and his mother the goddess Thetis are to be seen. In the front of Achilleus and Goddess Thetis Mosaic, Roman Period the floor mosaic, there is a scene showing the sacrifice of the host. As for the sides of the mosaic, scenes representing the Nereids and Hippocampus (mythological sea horses, horse in its forepart with a coiling, scaly, fishlike hindquarter) are to be seen. On the mosaic herbal and geometrical figures are to be found. The importance of the Amisos mosaic is resulting from it being the sample for that, that the Achilleus cult, known on the north coasts of Black Sea, on the Aegean islands, Greek mainland and in lower Italy, is also seen on the south coasts of Black Sea. Right behind the mosaic in the three display windows again located in the central hall, the Treasure of Amisos is displayed. The sepulcher findings, discovered during road extension works in the Samsun city centre in 1995, are forming the group called Amisos Treasures. Among the golden artifacts, woman headed bracelet, 10 appliqués, 13 buttons, ring, a crown with bay leaves and necklaces are the first ones coming to mind. Among the findings, coins belonging to the Classical, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk, Ottoman and Republican period are also displayed. In this hall, the bronze athlete sculpture dating from the 1st century is drawing the attention at the first sight. In the ethnographical part of the museum on the other hand, artifacts with ethnographical value representing the social, religious and commercial live of the region are displayed. And in the garden of the museum tombs, stalls, reliefs and tablets are displayed. Treasure of Amisos, Golden Sconce, Hellenistic Period ilkad›m 47 Gazi Museum GAZ‹ MUSEUM / MANT‹KA PALAS HOTEL 48 The building serving today as Gazi Museum has been built in 1902 by Jean Ionnis Mantika as a hotel with four stores on the ground floor. This is the first place where Mustafa Kemal Pafla had stayed in Samsun where he came on May 19, 1919 as 9th Army Inspector, is this building. The keys of the Mantika Palace Hotel are presented to Mustafa Kemal in 1926 for the memory of this visit. Mustafa Kemal Pafla stayed also during the Samsun trips in 1928 and 1930 at this hotel. With the undertaking of Samsun Municipality it has been opened to the visitors as Gazi Museum. The building Gazi Museum ilkad›m assigned to Ministry of Culture in 1995, after being renovated, has been opened with the new arrangement in 1998. The collections of Atatürk Museum, which is next to the Archaeology and Ethnography Museum open since 1968, have also been included to the Gazi Museum. After the extended restoration, Gazi Museum is opened to the visitors in 2006 with the renewed display arrangement, confirming to the modern museum concept. In Gazi Museum, the items used by Atatürk and photos are displayed. The bedroom and the study of Atatürk are also attracting the visitors. In addition, in the hall 49 Clock Tower on the upper floor, there are wax sculptures of the eighteen fellow soldiers arrived Samsun on May 19, 1919 together with Mustafa Kemal Pafla. CLOCK TOWER The clock tower, which has been built by a French engineer of Belgian origin in 1886 with the orders of Sultan Abdülhamid II, had the functions such as fire and observation tower next to the function of showing the time. In 1933, the old system clock in the clock tower has been removed and instead a new clock of new system working with electricity and equipped with a siren gear to be used in the fires, has been placed. The clock tower has been substantially damaged during the Samsun earthquake in 1944. When it hasn’t been possible to be repaired, it has been demolished and its clock has been sold to Ladik Municipality in 1948. On the Saathane Square where there hasn’t been a clock until 1977, the clock tower of which the plans are drawn by Kemal Taner an architect from Samsun, has been built by Samsun Municipality and the clocks have been brought from Switzerland. In year 2001, the Saathane Square has been rearranged and a copy of the original clock tower has been rebuilt. ilkad›m Atatürk Monument ATATÜRK ANITI (MONUMENT) 50 The monument as the city symbol of Samsun, which with the initiative of the public of Samsun has been built by the Australian sculptor Heinrich Krippel the bronze sculpture has a height of 4.75 m without the base, and 8.85 m with the base. It is possible to see Atatürk with all his solemnity on the horse rearing up on a high base. His eyes, fixed on the west and very far distances with a proud expression, are full of determination. This monument describing Atatürk precisely became a symbol of strength, determination and distinction. There are reliefs on both sides and epitaphs on the front and the back side of the base. On one of the reliefs, people carrying missiles and munitions during the war on the berth next to the boat are to be seen. In the middle of the other relief, Atatürk is standing straight with all his characteristics, as a great victory symbol. His head was towards the people, standing hand in hand with the nation. On both sides of Atatürk, the ilkad›m young and old, village man and townsman, the Turkish nation is to be seen. The inscriptions on the base are as follow: “Gazi has landed Samsun on May 19, 1919 to start the Turkish War of Independence in the homeland.” “This sculpture has been raised by the people of the Province Samsun on October 29, 1931.” ATATÜRK PARK This green area which is the first park of Samsun, is literally a Samsun classics. The most attractive part of the park which leaves a mark in the memories of everyone visiting Samsun, is beyond doubt the Atatürk Monument. Distinguished with its landscape and ponds the Atatürk Park is on top of the important attraction centers of the city. ‹LKADIM ANITI (MONUMENT) The monument, standing at the place, where Mustafa Kemal Pafla has set foot in Samsun on May 19, 1919 has been built between the years 19811982, by the sculptor Hakk› ‹lk Ad›m Monument Atamulu. The front figures of the sculpture which has been built by the community of Samsun, while symbolizing Atatürk and his fellows setting foot in Samsun for the first time, expresses that the Turkish War of Independence has been started here. The man figure holding a pigeon in the hand symbolizes the faith in the peace, and the girl holding laurel wreath symbolizes the victory. SAH‹L GEZ‹ YOLUCOASTAL ALLEY Coastal Alley, thanks to its new arrangement one of the most beautiful walking-tracks of Samsun, is becoming ever popular place due to its entertainment and recreation facilities. The coastal alley which can be toured around by coaches in the summer months, locates between the East Park and the West Park. On the east of the coastal alley, there are Lake Sevgi and the Zoo. Lake Sevgi and Park: There are walking-tracks, cafe-restaurant, sitting and rest areas around the lake. In the area arranged as artificial lake, there are various water birds as swans and ducks being in the first place. The sculptures placed on the coastal road and around the Coastal Alley ilkad›m 51 Lake Sevgi 52 Lake Sevgi are meeting the walkers as little surprises. The Zoo of Samsun: The Zoo located on the east of coastal alley, next to the Lake Sevgi and Park, is lately one of the most attention drawing places. In the zoo, hosting people from all ages as the kids at the first place, there are lion, tiger, monkey, camel, ostriches, pheasants, various water birds, peacocks, deer, goat, bear, ponies and dogs present. Kurtulufl Yolu (Road to LibeLake Sevgi ilkad›m ration) and Tütün Wharf: In the middle of the coastal alley there is Kurtulufl Yolu and Tütün Wharf composition. A modern exhibition of SS Band›rma and the sculptures of Mustafa Kemal Pasha and his eighteen fellow soldiers who set foot in Samsun on May 19, 1919 are presented on this berth outdoors. The road starting from here, passing by Yabanc›lar Pazar› (Bazaar), extending into the city center, is arranged according to the modern urban planning. With the Road to Liberation elegant lanterns, ponds illuminated by colorful lights, the Kurtulufl Yolu has become one of the ever interested places of the city. Yalova Gemisi – Yalova Ferry: 1948 Dutch production Yalova Ferry has been cruising between Istanbul-Yalova as Istanbul Cityline Ferry. It has been bought in 1998 by the Metropolitan Municipality of Samsun and within the contents of the project Road to Liberation it has been moved to Samsun. It is arranged as cafe-restaurant, without interfe- ring with the authentic shape of the ship. BATI PARK, TELEFERIC AND BARUTHANE Bat› Park, which is to the west of Harbor of Samsun, just like Do¤u Park, is being arranged in order to help the city and citizens to breath. The teleferic in the Bat› Park is the first teleferic of the city and provides unique Black Sea view to its visitors. This teleferic, operating between East Park and the Baruthane tumuli, has The Zoo ilkad›m 53 Teleferic 54 three cabins each for six persons both ways and the line has a length of 323 m. The hill where the Baruthane tumuli are located is arranged as green area as well as an archaeological tour park. The sepulchers discovered by scientific excavations can be visited. On the hill there is a restaurant and cafe called Amisos which is built by Metropolitan Municipality. COASTS OF SAMSUN In Samsun which has a very long coastal line, %90 of the coastal line of app. 35 km between Samsun and 19 May›s district is suitable for swimming. In all of the population centers Atakum, Kurupelit, Atakent, Çatalçam, ‹ncesu, Dereköy, Taflan, Erenköy, Engiz and Muflta, there are private beaches, camping areas and accommodation areas of various sizes.At the coastal line, one can find opportunities to do water sports such as sailing, surfing, jet ski etc. Many entertainment centers are providing services until late in the evening as well. INTERNATIONAL FOLK DANCES FESTIVAL It is the oldest and the only festival of Turkey with a content of folk dances only. The festival started being organized in 1980 for the first time, kept being organized without interruption ever since. The festival organized every year between the dates July 17-30 by the Metropolitan Municipality, is being attended by 20-25 country from all ilkad›m over the world and offers a World Culture Mosaic to the people of the region. The festival which is called by reason of the fact of being the homeland of pheasant in Anatolia, as “Alt›n Sülün International Folk Dances Contest”, is denominated as one of the most important five festivals of Europe. Band›rma Ship CAN‹K DISTRICT Canik is the district of Samsun, which is between Devgerifl brook and Mert River extending from Black Sea inwards. There are Asarc›k on the south, Tekkeköy on the east, and ‹lkad›m districts on the west, while there is Black Sea on the north of the district. The word, used as ‘Cenik’ in the local public language, meaning the concave place, where the herds shelter during the winter, represents a geographical and ad- ministrative district. Geographically it is a name given to the middle part of Black Sea and the mountains in this region. Information about the old history of the district are very few. Until 1960’s Canik as settlement was consisting of only the villages Hasköy, Hac›ismail and Tekkep›nar. With the enhancement of the Ordu-Ankara highway and the establishment of small industrial zones the district started growing gradually. Band›rma Ship canik 55 Band›rma Ship TOPTEPE TÜMÜLÜSLER‹ (TUMULI) 56 The Toptepe Tumuli in Hasköy, consists of two hills, one big and the other small, located on the Samsun-Çarflamba Highway in Belediye Evleri Quarter. BANDIRMA SHIP MUSEUM AND THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE OUTDOOR MUSEUM SS Band›rma has a significant place in the history of Turkey. The ship which had carried Mustafa Kemal and his eighteen friends who were going to Anatolia to start the War of Liberation - the first and the most important step of the foundation of modern Turkey, was SS Band›rma. SS Band›rma was produced in 1878 in England as cargo and passenger ferry. The first owner of the ship, the company Dussey and Robinson had operated the ship under the name “Torocaderto” for 5 years. The ship has been sold to the H. Psicha Preus company in 1883 canik and the name has been changed as “Kymi”. Afterwards it has been sold to a company in ‹stanbul and named as “Panderma”. When the ship was assigned to Ottoman Maritime Lines its name has been changed as “Band›rma”. The SS Band›rma, rebuilt in accordance with its original shape, is being transferred together with War of Independence Park and Outdoor Museum arranged on the Bat› Park coast, to the next generations as an important symbol of the recent history. In the Ship-Museum, there is a cabin where the wax sculptures of Atatürk and his fellows are present, and the wheelhouse. In the War of Independence Park and Outdoor Museum, there are ceramics reliefs representing the war starting from the battle of Gallipoli until the liberation of ‹zmir by the Turkish Army, casualty epitaph where the names of 1200 casualties from Samsun and its districts who died as being martyred, bronze reliefs, War of Inde- War of Indepence Monument pendence Monument and the submunition (canon, torpedo, mines etc.) used during the War of Liberation. dence Museum and Open door Museum are also among the stops to be visited, seen in East Park. DO⁄U PARK (EAST PARK) MEfiE CULTURAL PARK The park, extending along the coast on the east of the city, is one of the successful samples of the application of entertainment and recreation centers together according to the modern urban planning. With its walking tracks, through the four seasons well kept gardens, playgrounds and sports areas formed through landscaping, the area starting from the entry of the Mert River, until SS Band›rma, is one of the attraction centers of the citizens and the visitors. The building in the form of ancient theatre hosting especially in the summer months many cultural and arts events is also in East Park. SS Band›rma Museum, War of Indepen- The Park in Toptepe are ideal for spending time peacefully and silently in a verdant wood. Here all of the infrastructures have been thought for the comfort of the visitors. KOZLU V‹LLAGE MOSQUE The building located in the village Kozlu, has an almost square, rectangular plan and hipped roof. It is being told by the local people that the building, of which the construction date is unknown, has been transferred from church into a mosque. The building with only one room is built of face stone. The west and south windows of the building are rectangular and round-arched. canik 57 Atakum Coast ATAKUM DISTRICT 58 Atakum is a district of Samsun. On the south of the district, there is Kavak District, on the east ‹lkad›m, on the west Ondokuz May›s District and on the north the Black Sea. The border of the district starts at a distance of 5 km to the city center and covers a distance until Atakent town border. Because it is a newly structuring district extended over a more flat area than the other districts of Samsun, it has a more organized urban planning understanding. AKALAN KALES‹ (CASTLE) It is built on the slope of a fairly high plateau, bordered by Karadere brook and its tributaries on the north, south and west, between the Atakum District and, Çatmaoluk and Kulacada¤ villages. The length of the castle is app. 350 m and the width 50-70 m. It is surrounded by walls of about 1 km length and 4.5 – 5 m height. The walls, of which the majoatakum rity is underground, have been built with Cyclopean wall technique by the masonry of big stones, the wall gaps have been filled with small stones. In construction of the walls, smooth curves are preferred over sharp curves. In the centre of the castle, there is a rise guessed to be a mound. The pieces of the ceramics discovered in the castle are today being conserved in the Archaeology Museum of ‹stanbul. BÜYÜK KOLPINAR TÜMÜLÜSÜ (TUMULUS) It is located in Atakum District, Esenevler Quarter, at Büyük Kolp›nar site. It is about 250 m above the Samsun-Ankara highway at a point with a good view over the sea and has a diameter of 40 m and a height of 8 m. ATAKUM COASTS The fine sandy, long coastal line of Atakum is a holiday resort where all kinds of sea activities are done. TEKKEKÖY A view from Tekkeköy 60 During the researches done in Tekkeköy and surroundings, it has been determined that there has been habitation in the district ever since the Paleolithic period. During the researches in the district, Hittites Period culture layers and Phrygian artifacts are also found. The area has been included within the borders of the Kingdom of Mithridates in the 3rd Century BC, after that it has been conquered by Romans, Byzantine and Anatolian Seljuks State in this order. According to the telling, when the Seljuk started entering Anatolia, for making this region Kabaceviz Waterfall tekkeköy which was under the control of Byzantine State, Turkish and Muslim, taking also the importance of the region into account, they have sent Seyh Yusuf Zeynüddin over here and let him establish a dervish lodge. Seyh Zeynüddin who supposedly lived between the years 1250-1330 has fed the travelers, the needy and the poor in the lodge he had built. It is being told that the name Tekkelköy origins from this. In 1399, Tekkeköy has gone under the control of Ottoman. After the Ankara War of 1402, it has been conquered by Kubato¤ullar›. In 1419 Çelebi Mehmed has annexed Tekkeköy again to the Ottoman lands. During Ottoman period, the Turks and the Rums, who remained from the Byzantine period, have been living together in peace. According to the Lausanne Agreement signed after the War of Liberation, the Rum Community here has exchanged places with the Turks of Western Thrace. Çarflamba is on the east and south of Tekkeköy, Canik District on the west and the Black Sea on the north of the district. The one third of the district lands Tekkeköy Caves are formed by the extension of the Çarflamba Plain. TEKKEKÖY MA⁄ARALARI (CAVES) Located 14 km east of Samsun, within the borders of Tekkeköy District. During the researches done in 1941 by K. Kökten there has been many prehistoric caves, shelters and plain habitation discovered. As the result of the archaeological excavations, findings belonging to Paleolithic Period, Bronze Age and the Hittites have been obtained. These findings are now in the Samsun Museum. Another massif rock which is located where the Ç›narc›k and F›nd›cak valleys join each other and has a good view on both of the valleys, is known as “Delikli Kaya (holey rock)”. As the result of the researches done, it has been understood that this is a Phrygian Castle. KABACEV‹Z fiELALELER‹ (WATERFALLS) The Kabaceviz Waterfalls, which has a distance of 32 km to Samsun and 22 km to the Tekkeköy district centre, is one of the touristic areas of the region which is worth to see. The area consisting of the three staged waterfalls combination provides trip, trekking, mountain climbing, picnic and photo safari possibilities. In the waterfall, which has a fall of 60 m on the second level, there stream until the end of the month August. The best period to visit the region is end of May – beginning of October COSTAL ORMANI (FOREST) The Costal Forest, locating at Gelemen site in the district, is a beautiful example for the rare coast woods at the Black Sea. This place has been determined as one of the places with high natural value in the city of Samsun. HACI OSMAN KORUSU (GROVE) Costal site has also natural beach characteristic. The Hac› Osman Grove at the coast and Kapakl› P›nartepesi with the attitude approaching 700-800 m as one goes inwards, K›rantepe, Azman Hill and Asaraa¤aç Hill which is close to the coast are ideal places as picnic and recreation areas. tekkeköy 61 Keltepe Church 62 KELTEPE K‹L‹SES‹ (CHURCH) ÇINARALAN K‹L‹SE – CAM‹‹ (CHURCH-MOSQUE) Even though a part of the dom of the church built of stone is demolished the architectural characteristics of the building still show themselves. The pillars and the arches in the building, reveal the old look of the building without the need for imagination. The old church building is constructed as a mosque in 1994. The only wall of the church which has reached today (north wall) is continuing its presence as one of the walls of the mosque. The mosque is built of face stone and has a single minaret. ATATÜRK’S HOUSE SHEIKH YUSUF ZEYNÜDD‹N CAM‹‹ VE TÜRBES‹ (MOSQUE AND TOMB) Atatürk’s House, which is the exact sample of the Atatürk’s house in Thessaloniki, is one of the interest drawing places in the district. Ç›rakman Windmill There are opinions regarding that the mosque has been built during the period of Anatolian Seljuks State by the great ‹slam Saint Seyh Yusuf Zeynüddin in 1285. His tomb is located in the garden of the mosque as well. ÇIRAKMAN YELDE⁄‹RMEN‹ (WINDMILL) It is in the village graveyard which is about 1 km outside of the Ç›rakman Village. It is cylindrical building with a diameter of 6 m and height of 7 m. It is bounded by arranging the exterior surface of the rubble stone and it narrows upwards. It is presumed that it has been built at the beginning of the 20th century. tekkeköy ÇARfiAMBA Çarflamba Plain 64 Çarflamba habitation started developing firstly around the Çay Quarter which is on the east side of Yeflil›rmak and Sar›ca Quarter, which is on the west side of Yeflil›rmak. The fair held in 1370 for the first time, has a big influence on Çarflamba in taking its role on the whole plain. Since the fair is held on Wednesdays, the district got this name. Çarflamba hosted many civilizations as the region, has been annexed to the Ottoman lands in 1428. In Çarflamba, which has taken its place as an important district within the administrative organization also during the Ottoman Empire period, after the proclamation of the Republic, the municipal organization has been established. In the east of Çarflamba dis- MOUNDS Within the borders of Çarflamba district, Tepecik (Beyyenice), Kilise Tepe (Beyyenice), Tünbü Tepe (E¤nel Village) mounds are located. It is being considered that these mounds are habitations belonging to Early Bronze Age. çarflamba trict, there is Terme, in the west Tekkeköy, in the north the Black Sea and in the south there are Ayvac›k and Sal›pazar› districts. The district is founded on the fertile delta plain formed by Yeflil›rmak. YEfi‹LIRMAK Yeflil›rmak arises in the Köse Mountains (2801 m) in Sivas and flows into the Black Sea at Çarflamba-Civa Cape. The length of the Yeflil›rmak which divides Çarflamba in two in the middle is 519 km. Çarflamba Plain: The River Yeflil›rmak forms very fertile alluvial Çarflamba Plain when flowing into the Black Sea at Cape Civa.70% of the lands of the Çarflamba Plain have been made eligible for agriculture. The remaining 30% is forestland, reed land marshland. On the waterfront areas of the Çarflamba Plain there has been many large and small delta lakes formed. The most important ones are Akgöl, Simenit, Sazl›k, Akarc›k, Dumanl› and Kaynarca lakes. The surrounding of the lakes is covered with reed lands and marshlands. Gö¤celi Mosque GÖ⁄CEL‹ / GÖKÇEL‹ CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) Gö¤celi Mosque, which is one of the most important representatives of wooden architectural tradition in Anatolia, is located within the Gö¤celi Cemetery. On the building there is no construction or renovation of the epitaph. Although in some publications the construction date of the building is given as 1195, from the dendrochronological (determination of the age from the age circles of the tree) studies it is known that the building has been constructed in 1206, and the entrance porches have been repaired in 1335. It is not known by whom it has been built. Gö¤celi Mosque is an important building due to its wooden architecture as well as its feature of being one of the oldest wooden mosques in Turkey which has been able to reach today. The building, which is quite big, is surrounded by arches on the three sides except the mihrab wall. The building consists of harim and narthex. The narthex of the building has been arranged as three naves parallel to the mihrab wall. Harim also has 3 naves parallel to the mihrab wall. In Harim there is no ceiling constructed, and it is covered by hipped roof. The mosque is completely built of wood with wooden partitions, using the log housing technique and the masonry technique. The mihrab of the building is not authentic. It is understood that first mihrab was built with a projection towards outside. On the balks and the roof woods of the building there are handmade rich ornaments. The structure of the compositions consisting of palmettes, Rumi and fold in. And leaves from different shapes resemble the Seljuk samples. fiEYHHAB‹L CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) The fieyhhabil Mosque located in the fieyhhabil Cemetery in Yayc›lar Village is like Gö¤celi Mosque another wooden mosque of Çarflamba. There Gö¤celi Mosque çarflamba 65 R›dvanbey Mosque 66 are many dates between 1692 and 1916 inscribed on the building which doesn’t have a construction epitaph. However, it is understood that these dates are inscribed afterwards, and the building has been built in a period close to Gö¤celi Mosque probably in the 13th century. From the style characteristics of the ornaments it is being understood that the building has been repaired in the following years. In front of the east and west façades of the building which has a rectangular plan, there is a single line of porches. The building consists of narthex and harim. The narthex has two and the harim has four naves parallel to the mihrab wall. The mihrab on the south wall of the harim is projecting outwards. The building is built using log housing and wood masonry techniques. In the mosque, red ochre handOld Bazaar made geometrical and botanical motives are seen as ornaments. ESK‹ KENT / GÜLÖREN KÖYÜ K‹L‹SES‹ (CHURCH) The ruins spread over a wide area are told to be belonging to the Byzantine period. BEDESTEN (OLD BAZAAR) There is no epitaph indicating the construction date of the bazaar, located in the district center of Çarflamba, however it is assumed that the building is constructed in 1826. Bazaar is a two-storey building with a rectangular plan. The top revetment is covered by a semerdan roof and roof tiles. In the middle of the building there is a hall all along, and on the both sites there are stores located. The entrance is round arched, and the exit is a rectangular port. On the top floor, above the entrance and the exit there are two arched windows next to each other. It is also today one of the important shopping and trade centers of the district centre of Çarflamba. Other Mosques and Tombs: R›dvanbey Mosque, Yeni Keten Mosque, Gazi Hasan Bey Tomb çarflamba TERME Miliç Pine Grove 68 In the district and the surroundings the Hittite, Phrygian, Cimmerian, Median, Persian and Roman civilizations have been ruling. After the Byzantine control the region went under the control of Anatolian Seljuks. On the lands of the Seljuk Dynasty which is separated because of the Mongolian invasions, Turkish Principalities started being established. During this period, Eretna Beylik has been established in the area of Amasya – Samsun – Tokat – Sivas – Kayseri. When Kad› Burhanettin conquered Eretna Beylik in 1381, Terme has been transferred to his control. In the meantime there has been also Canik Beylik established in the region. In 1389, Y›ld›r›m Beyaz›d has annexed Amasya and all the beyliks on the Black Sea coast to the Ottoman lands. Until the Republic, Terme has been controlled by the administration of Canik. On the north of the district terme there is the Black Sea, on the east Ünye (Ordu) and ‹kizce (Ordu) districts, on the south the Akkufl district (Ordu) and on the west Sal›pazar› and Çarflamba districts are located. On the north of Terme, a coastal plain is extending and on the south Canik mountains are located. The highest point of Terme is 450 m. Terme creek, arises in the Kara Orman (Forest), splits the district right across the middle in two and flows into the Black Sea. On the area close to the sea between Terme district and the Black Sea Akgöl and Simenit (Simenlik) lakes are located which through natural channels are connected to each other. Lake Simenit has been formed by Terme creek through changing its bed. The reason for both of the lakes being rich with regards to fish habitation is the alluvium. The surroundings of the lakes are reed lands and marshlands. The area close to the sea loca- Amazon Statuette AMAZONS The most important myth related to the history of Terme is the Amazons. The most important characteristic of the Amazons is that they were warriors. These brave women, besides their female beauty, were famous with being agile and fast as well as rough and disciplined. Particularly, their talents in riding horses and the fame of the battles they won on the horse, spread in no time over the whole Anatolia as well the neighboring countries. Along to the good fighting characteristic which they inherited from their father, the war god Ares, with the consciousness of assuring and maintaining the peace which they have inherited from their mother, Harmonia representing the harmony and the peace, they have built a well deserved reputation for themselves. Being one of the most important characters of the ancient Greek Mythology, these women were present especially during the defense against the Greek sol- diers attacking Troy and have joined the battles. Today it is possible to meet ancient age artworks describing the heroism of the Amazons from Terme in the many museums of the world. Especially the Amazon War scenes on the Mausoleum in Bodrum (Halikarnassos), are of the artifacts appreciated by the world of archaeology and arts. These women fighting on the horses were able to use much armor, and have also been the founders of many cities in Anatolia. For example, Smyrna which is the former name of ‹zmir was the name of one of the queens of these warrior women. Couple of other cities of today such as Efes (Ephesus), Çandarl› (Pitane), and Sinop (Sinope) has got their names from these warrior women. It is acknowledged that also the name Terme originates from Thermodon (Terme creek of today) on the shores of which the Amazons have established their city called Themiskyra. terme 69 Terme Creek 70 ted between Terme District and the Black Sea. Akgöl and Simenit (Simenlik) lakes are wetlands sheltering hundreds of bird species within their scope. The lakes specified as Wildlife Protection Area by the Directorate of National parks are not too deep. ÇAMLIK CAMPING Pine (çaml›k) grove, where the camping name is originating from, makes this green area a peaceful place. Çaml›k Camping, having the sea in front and the pine grove at the back, is the ideal place for people, who want to have a vacation with their tents and caravans, in the nature. On the Lake Simenit terme wide camping, there are playgrounds and the infrastructure to meet the needs of the ones coming for a daily sea pleasure. M‹L‹Ç PINE GROVE Miliç Pine Grove extending from Yal› Quarter of Terme up to Akçay is a recruitment area as well as a natural beach with its idyllic sea and sands. YUKARI SÖ⁄ÜTLÜ CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) This mosque is also known as Karacal› Mosque. One storey wooden building has been constructed by masonry technique. The mosque is rising on a platform consisting out of Yukar› Sö¤ütlü Mosque wooden logs. On the north façade narthex and on the east and the west the porches are located. The ornaments in the mosque are on some places consisting of rustic, simple, and engraved geometrical ornaments. These ornaments are colored with red ochre. In some ornaments there is ochre handcraft to be seen. The mosque doesn’t have an epitaph however the oldest of the dates inscribed on the walls of the mosque (1700) is being accepted as the construction date. AfiA⁄I SÖ⁄ÜTLÜ CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) have been built in the 19th century is constructed by log housing and masonry techniques. There is gathering place in the harim of the wooden mosque, which has an almost square plan. The gathering place is carried by four pillars. The mosque has a minaret. In the Mosque, rich ornaments in the style of wooden engravements are to be seen. Other Mosques and Tombs: Pazar Mosque, Da¤d›ral› Mosque, Hunter Sultan Mehmed Mosque, Cuma (Davut Pasha) Mosque, Cüneyd-i Ba¤dadi Tomb The mosque presumed to Çaml›k Camping terme 71 Lake Simenit SALIPAZARI 74 Ça¤layan Village Waterfall Sal›pazar› District is a new habitation. According to the story about the origin of the districts name: as around 1960s, the first market here was set up on a Tuesday (Sal›), it has started being called “Sal›pazar›”. It became a municipal through the union of the villages Alanyayk›n, Düzköy and Bereket in Terme and Çarflamba districts. During the years 1987-88 the district organization is established and it is became an administrative unit of Samsun. Sal›pazar› district is surrounded by Erbaa (Tokat) and Akkufl (Ordu) districts in the south, Terme in the east, Ayvac›k in the west and Çarflamba district in the north. Its distance to Samsun sal›pazar› is 54 km. The north of the district is flat and the south is rough country. Yeflilçay and the Terme creek cross at the district centre. There are three bridges on these brooks. Kurt Bridge connects Sal›pazar› and Gökçeli village, Maviren Bridge connects Sal›pazar› and Yavaflbey village to each other. Terme creek which springs in Kara Orman (Forest) has a width of up to 30 m and is an important stream giving live to paddy fields. Ça¤layan village located at a distance of 7 km to the center of Sal›pazar› and the waterfalls are one of the important natural beauties consisted of natural vegetation and water resources. A view from Sal›pazar› GARPU KALES‹ (CASTLE) The castle also called Garfu or Gerfu is located between Konakören and Kuflçua¤›z villages. There are no significant architectural remains in the castle which is suggested to belong to the 7th century BC. The entrance is made by carving and the stairs by sculpturing the rocks. ÇATAK AHMET A⁄A V‹LLAGE WOODEN MOSQUE It is the 105 years old mosque in Çatak Ahmet A¤a Village (Gökçeli District.). It is assumed that also the Yeflil Village Wooden Mosque, Kayadibi Wooden Mosque and K›z›lot Wooden Mosque in the district are historical buildings. SAMZAMA KADEM TÜRBES‹ AND TOPAL HACI TÜRBES‹ (TOMB) Tomb belonging to the persons respected and considered to be saint by the people. ALBAK CAM‹‹ & KÖPRÜSÜ (MOSQUE AND BRIDGE) It is on a distance of 1 km to the district center. On the natural area formed by the Yeflil creek passing through a fairly deep rock, there used to be a wooden bridge. It is a nice resort with the wooden mosque next to this area. Ça¤layan Village sal›pazar› 75 Ça¤layan Village Waterfall AYVACIK Suat U¤urlu Dam Lake 78 Although the date of the establishment is not exactly known, Ayvac›k was a Rum village during the Ottoman Empire period. When the Rums have left the region with the proclamation of the Republic, the Turks have settled in. In 1990, Ayvac›k Village uniting with Keskino¤lu Village formed the Ayvac›k District. Ayvac›k, at the northern booms of the Canik Mountains, is located on the Yeflil›rmak Valley. The nearest neighbor of the district is Çarflamba which is Hasan U¤urlu Dam Lake ayvac›k 28 km on the north. The distance of the district to Samsun is 62 km. AYVACIK DAMS In Ayvac›k there are two dams on Yeflil›rmak River. Hasan U¤urlu Dam has been built between 1971 and 1981 for the purpose of electricity power production. Suat U¤urlu Dam, which is the second dam 18 km further, has been built both for the production of electricity and for the purpose of irrigation between 1975 - 1981. ONDOKUZ MAYIS A view from Ondokuz May›s 80 The district lands, which have been used as habitation area ever since before Christ, have been taken under the control of the Ottoman during the Çelebi Mehmed period. The first Turkish folk settling in the district are the Turcoman emigrated from Central Asia. Afterwards, during the War of 93 (1877-1878) the Turkish people immigrating from the Caucasus and Daghistan has settled in. Again at the end of Balkan Wars, the Ottoman Turks coming from Europe, came in 1913 to Ondokuz May›s and surrounding villages and settled in. After the War of Liberation, Engiz Creek there have been people coming from Thessaloniki trough the population exchange, from Eastern Black Sea, from Alaçam to the district. On the east of the Ondokuz May›s district Samsun, on the west Bafra on the north Black Sea and on the south Samsun Centre and Bafra districts are located. The distance of the district to Samsun is 33 km. Ondokuz May›s District is located on the east end of the delta plain formed by K›z›l›rmak River. The lands in the north of the district centre are forming a part of the K›z›l›rmak Plain. Some of the Fish Lakes in the district are also in this area. NEB‹YAN MOUNTAIN The highest point of Ondokuz May›s District is the hill on the south where also the Nebiyan Woods are located. Nebiyan Mountain is on a distance of 30 km to the district center and has the typical Black Sea Plateau look. In this area which is also called Nebiyan Plateau, mountain climbing, trekking, plateau tourism, photo safari and bird watching are done. ondokuz may›s Ahflap Mosque ENG‹Z CREEK Engiz Creek is the most important stream of the district. After it arises in the Nebiyan Mountain, following a bed of 30 km it flows into the Black Sea at the border of Kumca¤›z-Engiz. The Ondokuz May›s Dam, which has been completed in 2001 is located on the Engiz Creek and built for the purpose of irrigation and drinking water. AHfiAP / ENG‹Z CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) It is acknowledged that the wooden Engiz Mosque located in the district centre on the Fatih Avenue has been built in MOUNDS AND TUMULI the 19th century. It is built with wooden masonry technique and has two storeys. The mosque is rising on a platform consisting of wooden logs. The arches on the north of the building which surrounded by porches on three sides, are arranged as three lines. On the north of the square planned harim there is the gathering-place. The gathering place is carried by two pillars and these pillars continue upwards until the ceiling of harim. The mihrab of the mosque is projecting towards harim. fiEYH BEYK / fiAHBEY TÜRBES‹ (TOMB) It is assumed that it has been built during the Turkoman Lake Bal›k On the mounds of Ondokuz May›s district, items belonging to the Early Bronze Age and on the tumuli in general small findings, belonging to the Roman Period, is discovered. The main ancient habitations in the district are H›z›r-‹lyas Mound, Da¤köy Tumulus, Yörükler Tumulus and Köftero¤lu Tumulus. ondokuz may›s 81 Yörükler Hammam period who emigrated from Central Asia to the district and that fieyh Bey who has been expressed to be one of the Anatolian Moslem Saints is buried here. YÖRÜKLER HAMAMI (HAMMAM) 82 The hammam near Lake Bal›k is built of rubble stone and face stone and at some places of brick. Because it doesn’t have an epitaph which has reached today, although the date of the construction is not known with certainty, it is assumed to have been built in 19th century. TAfi KÖPRÜ (BRIDGE) The stone bridge in Yörükler – Kalaba Quarter is a 19th century Ottoman work. The bridge built of clean-cut face stones is flat arched and single chambered. A significant part of it lies under the ground. Ondokuz May›s Coast ondokuz may›s GALER‹Ç FOREST (ALLUVIAL FOREST) K›z›l›rmak Delta with regards of the bird wealth it shelters has a significant importance. The Galeriç Forest located on the delta, is one of the rare alluvial forests in our country. In the wood which is fairly rich in terms of the biological variety, 35 singing bird species are brooding. The most interesting place of the area with regards to the wildlife is its woods which are completely covered by water during spring and defoliation. Although these woods are fragmented today, the Galeriç Forest in the north of Yörükler site is still keeping its entirety. PROMENADES There are places within the natural green areas of the Ondokuz May›s District, which people use as promenades, where nature walks are done and suitable for nature photography. These are Hasan Tekke Hill (on the hill with a view of city centre, there is also the grave of a soldier died a martyr during the War of Liberation), Adac›k Promenade, Çobandüzü Promenade and De¤irmen. BAFRA Derbent Dam 84 As the result of the excavations in ‹kiztepe, one of the oldest habitations in Bafra, it has been determined that there was habitation in the Late Chalcolithic stage (4300-3200 BC) of the Chalcolithic Age. ‹kiztepe having witnessed uninterrupted habitation from Early Bronze Age until Early Hittite Period (2100-2700 BC) has been abandoned after. Habitation has been seen again only during Late Iron Age. After the Persians, the Hellenistic Period and after that the Roman Period has started. The years passed under the Byzantine control have been followed by the rule of the Anatolian Seljuk. After the 1071 Malazgirt Battle, Anatoli- LAKES At the place where K›z›l›rmak river flows into the sea, there has been small and large many lakes formed. Lake Liman, Lake Bal›k, Lake Karabo¤az are among the important lakes in this area. Among the lakes in Bafra, lakes Karagöz, Dutdibi, Çernek, Uzungöl and Tombul are also counted. At some of the lakes in the area grey mullet and carp fishing is being done. bafra an Seljuk Sovereign ‹zzettin Keykavus has brought the Turcoman tribes to Bafra, which was conquered by the Seljuk. When The Mongolian invasions, started in 1214, caused to Anatolian Seljuk Empire to be demolished and the establishment of many Turkish seignior states (Principalities) on these lands, Bafra seignior state, which was a small Seljuk Sultanate has been established. In 1460, Bafra went under the Ottoman hegemony. Bafra, during the Ottoman Empire period, was a habitation under the administrative control of Canik Sanjak, which was annexed to the Province of Trabzon. According to the Salname registries, it is assumed that it has been the district center at the end of 1854. In the east and the north of Bafra there is Black Sea, in the west Alaçam and in the south there is Kavak District. Its distance to Samsun is 51 km. It is a district of ours established on the plain formed by the alluvium of K›z›l›rmak. KIZILIRMAK RIVER The length of K›z›l›rmak River which is the longest stream of Turkey is 1151 kilometers. K›z›l›rmak Delta K›z›l›rmak River having its spring on K›z›l Mountain makes a wide arch in Central Anatolia. The river splitting into branches on the west of Bafra flows at the Cape Bafra into the Black Sea. Delice, Devres and Gök›rmak are among the important branches. According to the measurements done near Bafra, its width during the most dry period is 46 m, and its depth 1.30 m. BAFRA, KIZILIRMAK DELTA BIRD SANCTUARY K›z›l›rmak Delta, possesses three of the most important criteria of European Bird Areas Inventory. The Delta with its large and small many lakes, reed lands and the rare alluvial fields, wetlands of over 10.000 hectares and with the species it shelters, comprises one of the most important natural systems of Turkey. In K›z›l›rmak Delta Bird Sanctuary, it is possible to see thousands of birds of 320 different species. BAFRA AKALAN fiELALELER‹ (WATERFALLS) The Akalan Waterfalls, which is located within the borders of Akalan village of the town Kolay, an administrative unit of Bafra district and at a distance of 35 km to the district center, comprises small and large 18 waterfalls. The acoustical environment, vegetation and variety of the MOUNDS & TUMULI In the Bafra district, ‹kiztepe being in the first place, there are many mounds and tumuli. While surface surveys and excavation surveys of some of them are done, the other mounds and tumuli are defined too. Among these Beylikköy Mound, Bö¤ürtlen Mound, Elmal›k Hill Mound, Hac› Baba Hill Mound, Kat›rdam› Mound, Kelbefltepe Mound, Tepecik Mound, Tepe Tarla Mound, Tedigün Hill Mound, Zahna Mound, Külcüler Hill, Hac›baba Hill, Yörükler Site, Köftero¤lu Site, Som Hill, Sorgunluk Hill, Özübüyük Mound, Lower Hill, Tingiller Hill and Azaytepe Mound are counted. bafra 85 86 Idol, Early Bronze Age trees of the place offer an unspoiled beauty. ALTINKAYA DAM The Alt›nkaya Dam located 35 km southwest of Bafra district on K›z›l›rmak is a rock fill dam. The surroundings of the dam are covered with woodland. At the dam lake one can do line and net fishing. In the summer, there are fresh water fishes such as carp. The water of the dam is used in electricity production. fiahin Passage Canyon offers a pleasant course for the nature sports people and photographers. DERBENT DAM Derbent Dam which is built on K›z›l›rmak river below Alt›nkabafra ya Dam is used just like Alt›nkaya Dam in energy production. It is also used for irrigation purposes. ‹K‹ZTEPE MOUND ‹kiztepe, which is one of the mounds of the Black Sea Region as of Turkey, giving the most findings, is near the ‹kiztepe Village 7km northwest of Bafra. ‹kiztepe in fact consists of four rises. The highest and the biggest, 1st Hill is at about 30m height above Bafra plain. The heights of the other hills respectively 2nd Hill, 22.5 m; 3rd Hill, 12.5 m and 4th Hill 16 m. In consequence of the excavations performed here, culture layers belonging to Chalcholithic Age, Early Bronze Age Kap›kaya stages I-II-III and Early Hittite Period are discovered. The habitation in ‹kiztepe sustained until 1700 BC. After a silence of thousand years, it witnessed also between 650-30 BC continuous habitation. On the 1.Tepe, there has been a tumulus type grave with dromos and two rooms, belonging to the second habitation stage of the mound, is discovered. The numerous and elaborated metal artifacts which are among the findings discovered in ‹kiztepe, carry the success of the area in metal processing to thousands of years before. From the many weaving loom weights and spindle whorls which are discovered, it is understood that the ones left culture traces in ‹kiztepe were developed not only in metal work but also in weaving. When the discovered clay idols and pots are also added, it is understood that there has been an important civilization leading a life here. Because of the discovered female idols it is understood that the local people of ‹kizte- pe who apparently were maintaining their lives by hunting, breeding and fishing, were worshiping the mother goddess cult which is the oldest cult of Anatolia. Additionally, from the clay bull figures and horn images it also understood that the bull cult was also respected in ‹kiztepe. In consequence of the performed excavations it is determined that 1st Hill in ‹kiztepe has been used as graveyard during Early Bronze Age. The surveys performed on more than six hundred graves discovered here, have shown that the ones buried in this graves were carrying the race characteristics of around the Caucasus, and Romania and Bulgaria instead of the race characteristics of the Mediterranean. According to the holes seen on some of the scalps found in the graves, it is confirmed that in Ikiztepe also some surgery applications (removing pieces from the scalp) were performed. A group of operated scalps are displayed in the Samsun Museum. bafra 87 Asar Castle, Rock Tomb ASAR KALE (CASTLE) 88 Asar Castle, located on a high rock mass, is on 30 km southwest of the Bafra District, within the K›z›l›rmak River Valley and near Alt›nkaya Dam. It is acknowledged that the remains of the Asar Castle, which is thought to belong to the Hellenistic Age, were built for defense purposes. It is also assumed that the rock carved graves are also belonging to the same period. MARTI KALES‹ (CASTLE) It is within the borders of DoBüyük Mosque bafra ¤ankaya, established at 500700 m east of K›z›l›rmak River on a natural hill. It has dimensions of 100 x 500 m and a height of 20 m. On the top point of the destroyed castle, there is a cistern and on the west slopes small caves. Some ceramic pieces found on the booms of the castle which are thought to belong to the Hellenistic Period, indicate that there was habitation here also during Bronze Age. BÜYÜK CAM‹‹ / CAM‹-‹ KEB‹R (MOSQUE) Büyük Mosque, which is one of the oldest mosques in Bafra, is one of the mosques mentioned in the travel book of Evliya Çelebi. When it was first built, it has been built as a wooden mosque by Ameer-i Mirza from ‹sfendiyaro¤ullar› who used to be the Ruler of Bafra of the time. On the epitaph placed on the mosque of today, it is read that it has been built in 1670 by Ayfle Hatun, Tayyar Pafla Mosque the daughter of one of the Ottoman Pafla, Mehmed Köprülü Pafla (Mehmed Pasha Rojniku). TAYYAR PAfiA CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) The mosque attracting attention with its one balcony minaret which is keeping its authentic characteristics has been built in 19th century. The mosque called by the name of Tayyar Pafla, as it has been built by him, has recently been extended with additional chapel. ÇARfiI CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) Has been built in 1856. On the south façade of the masonry building its epitaph is located. One goes through an arched port from the narthex to the main room. The mosque has a wooden gathering place carried by two wooden girders. for the relatives of Emir Mirza Bey who died during the plague epidemic. The fact that the dates on some of the tombs are the same is confirming this information. The tomb built of rubble stone, is covered by pointed dome. 89 HIZIR BEY TÜRBES‹ (TOMB) The tomb is on Kümbet Tepe, in the southwest of Çetinkaya town on a distance of 2 km. That’s why it’s also called Kümbet Dede Tomb. In the tomb, H›z›r Bey, the son of Candaro¤lu ‹sfendiyar Bey, one of the former rulers of Bafra, is buried. The building is constructed of rubble stone with soil mixture and covered on the top by a cupola. Its authentic form has reached today. Çarfl› Mosque EM‹R M‹RZA BEY TÜRBES‹ (TOMB) Emir Mirza Bey Tomb located in Türbe Village which is 5km away from Bafra, as it is read from its epitaph, belongs to the year 1381. It has been built bafra Bafra House (Ottoman Period) fi‹FA HAMAMI (HAMMAM) 90 fiifa Hamam›, dating from 17th century, is a typical Turkish bath. Even though it is not very large, it is one of the largest Turkish baths of its time. Inside there is also an ancient grave. Next to fiifa Hamam›, Eski Han Hammam, Uzun Hammam and Pafla Hammam were also once upon a time among the favorite Turkish baths in Bafra. BEDESTEN (OLD BAZAAR) Bedesten, which is a 17th century building, was at one time the center of the trade and shopping. Bedesten, with its entries and exits in east-west direction, used to Alibey Fountain bafra have three Ottoman bazaars. The Bedesten is a place colored by various shops and liven up by shopping scenes. AL‹BEY ÇEfiMES‹ (FOUNTAIN) The most outstanding characteristic of the fountain built in 1715 of clean-cut face stone, is the round arch on the front façade carried by two pillars. On the wall there is an epitaph of eight lines and underneath, inside an arched niche another four lined epitaph is present. On the north façade in a round arch carried by two half pillars, there are three arched sections. Hüseyin Bey Fountain On the arch in the middle, there is an epitaph of three lines. HÜSEY‹N BEY ÇEfiMES‹ (FOUNTAIN) On the corners of the fountain which has a hexagonal plan, there are wreathed pilasters. On the niches present on each of the six façades, there are botanical motives. On two façades of the fountain there are epitaphs present:1. Epitaph: Work of deceased Hüseyin Bey, son of Kazan Hac› Abdurrahman A¤a, gentry of Bafra, hijri year 1327 (1909 AD). 2. Epitaph: Praise be (Maflallah) hijri year 1326 (1908 AD) BAFRA DEN‹Z FENER‹ (LIGHTHOUSE) The lantern built by the French on the delta where K›z›l›rmak River flows into the sea, due to the corrosion of the delta has been moved later to a place with a more solid ground. The lighthouse which was afore under the control of the French, has been assigned in 1937 to the State of the Turkish Republic of that time. The characteristic of the lighthouse, which still works, is that it has been built as steel construction. ÇET‹NKAYA KÖPRÜSÜ (BRIDGE) 91 Before the Çetinkaya Bridge was built on K›z›l›rmak river, the two banks of the river were connected by a 650 m long wooden bridge. The Çetinkaya Bridge built in 1937 is called after the minister of transport of that time Ali Çetinkaya, since it has been built with his contribution. The bridge has 7 arches and has a length of 250 m. The most important characteristic associated with the bridge is that the newly-wed couples are visiting the bridge. The bride and the groom Pass the bridge by foot and throw stone into K›z›l›rmak waters. In this way it is believed to banish the bad luck. Other Fountains: Kad› Fountain, Mescit Fountain, Stoned Fountain bafra Bafra House ALAÇAM Alaçam Mansion 94 The history of the district goes a long way back to the old periods. In the mounds in Alaçam, traces of Chalcolitic Age and Early Bronze Age habitation are found. Alaçam which has been under the control of different civilizations throughout the history is annexed to the Seljuk lands in the 1100s and to the Ottoman lands in 1418. In 1944 it became a district of Samsun. Alaçam has been called with the names Zalikhos, Zaliscus and Leontopolis during ancient era Alaçam gets its name from the big pine trees called Uluçam on the banks of Uluçay, passing the habitation through the middle. Its name is mentioned as “Aladgiam” in the travel books of the European pilgrims from the beginning of the 19th century. ALAÇAM MANSIONS Elegant houses, with oriel windows usually in big gardens, are unfolding Alaçam domicil architecture. Some part of the old houses which are generally twostorey, with a stone ground floor and wooden top floor, are still standing. Many of these historical houses are dating from 1870s. For the 24 mansions which are under the risk of being Alaçam Plateau alaçam ruined, dating from 1870s, there has been a restoration project prepared in the scope of Alaçam City of Culture project. This historical texture, to which also the local administration attaches great importance, will be carried for many years to the future defying the history. ALAÇAM BAY Alaçam Bay which is on a location close to the Alaçam district centre, sheltered against the wild waves of Black Sea, surrounded by green trees is a wonder of nature. Particularly in the summer months many people prefer Alaçam Bay for swimming and for walking in the nature. GEY‹K KOfiAN PROMENADE AND TOMB Geyik Koflan Promenade in the district centre, with its idyllic beach and coppice forest formed by various trees, is a place definitely visited by the inhabitants of the district and the visitors. According to the myth, the tomb of an Arab commander called Geyik Baba who died here is also in this promenade. MOUND In Alaçam there are Sivritepe, Elçitepe, Gökçebo¤aztepe and Dedetepe mounds.In Sivritepe, Dedetepe, Gökçebo¤aztepe, cultur layers belonging to Hittite period are found. YAKAKENT Yakakent Coast 96 In Yakakent finds from the years BC are found. The name of the city, which was called Kominos during the period of Byzantines, has been changed later as Gümenez. Yakakent of today has been established by three-four families who arrived from Sinop-Gerze in the year 1800. The Yakakent has got bigger with the people from the Eastern Black Sea region escaping the Russian invasion in 1895 and the immigrants coming from Thessaloniki in 1922. In 1896 the neighborhood organization (mukhtar) and in 1963 municipal organization has been established and the name Gümenez has been changed as Yakakent. Yakakent since 1991 is a district of Samsun. Yakakent is located on the Black Sea coast, at a transit point on the provincial border between Samsun and Sinop. On the east of Yakakent, Alaçam, on the west Gerze, on the south Canik Mountains and on the north Black Sea is located. LAKE ÇAM In the Lake Çam site which is on a 4km distance from the district, one can both swim and picnic in a quite environment. Lake Çam site is also able to offer walking courses of different levels. LAKE KUNDUZ BALIK Lake Kunduz Bal›k located on the Kayal› Village site of the district, is a camping site during the spring and the summer. Here the necessary infrastructure for camping and caravan tourism is available. Lake Çam P‹LAVTEPE TÜMÜLÜSÜ (TUMULUS) Pilav Hill which is in Erikçe Village app. 3 km further than the district centre, is attracting attention with its natural beauty besides the tumulus which is within the scope of the 1st degree Protected Archaeological Site. yakakent KAVAK A view from Kavak 98 During the researches, done in 1942 on the Kaledoru¤u Mound, which is in the north of district centre, there have been artifacts belonging to 3500-2000 BC discovered. According to these data, Kavak is a habitation area going along way back to Bronze Age. The fact that on the Kaledoru¤u Mound artifacts belonging to the Late Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk and Ottoman periods are discovered, is proving the continuity of the habitation in this area. The district which has been under the hegemony of the Seljuks after 1071 has afterwards entered the hegemony of the ‹sfendiyaro¤ullar›. In 1418 during the period of Çelebi Mehmet, the district has been completely conquered by the Ottoman. In the east of the district, Kavak, Asarc›k, in the west Havza, in the north Samsun and Bafra and in the south Ladik district is present. The district is established on the Samsun-Ankara highway and has a distance of 51 km to Samsun. Although the district centre is on the Valley of Mert River, it also possesses the roughness of the Canik Mountains. Besides this there are kavak many large and small hills and the altitude increases when going further towards north. The Range of Mountains located on the east of the district is one of the important rises. Murat River, one of the important streams of the district, arises in these Mountains. The other streams are Gökdere and Çakall› rivers. KALE DORU⁄U HÖYÜ⁄Ü (MOUND) Kaledoru¤u Mound located in the Yeni Camii Quarter is an elliptical hill with steep sloop and with the dimensions of 350 x250 m. The findings from Early Bronze Age are brought to the light during the excavations between the years 19401942. Within the borders of Kavak district there are also ancient habitat areas called Danabasan Hill (Mound), Dingilkalecik Hill and Güney Hill. DERE CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) The mosque used as the Cuma Mosque of seven villages is located in De¤irmencili Village. Single-storey building has been constructed entirely with wooden material as a pile. Very rarely wrought iron nails have been used. The mosque, Dere Mosque which has an almost square plan, has on four sides porches. When entered into the mosque two pillars and a gathering-place carried by these two pillars are to be seen. The ceiling of the harim is on the other hand carried by only one pillar. In the mosque there are only the door, mihrab and the capitals of the two pillars determining the entrance, and on the consoles simple engraved ornaments to be seen. On the ornaments rosettes, snaky twirls and baklava motives attract the attention. Even though there is no epitaph found in the mosque, there are some dates to be seen ; hijri year 1221 (AD 1806) hijri year 1221 (AD.1806), hijri year 1258 (AD.1842), hijri year 1297 (AD.1879), hijri year 1345 (AD.1926). The first one of these dates (1806) is considered to be the construction date of the mosque. façades except the south one, surrounded by porches. Harim is entered through an unornamented posh double door. The gathering-place to be seen in harim is carried by eight pillars. Observing the ornament in the whole mosque, the ornament can be divided in three as handmade ornaments, engraved-painted ornaments and colored open works. In the painting madder is used and the ornaments have usually botanical characters.It is known that the mosque was at another place when it was first built and has been moved to its place of today at some time later. The year 1596 is considered as the construction date and 1876 as the removal date. Bekdemir Mosque, with its wooden architecture and authentic ornaments is certainly a historical mosque which should be seen. BEKDEM‹R KÖYÜ CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) ÇAKALLI HAN (INN) Bekdemir Köyü Mosque built of oak tree by using the çant› and wood masonry techniques, has a two-storey façade appearance. The mosque with almost square plan has three Çakall› Han, on the SamsunAmasya pack-trail, is one of Other Mosques: Çakall› Mosque, Yeni Mosque, Yörgüç Pafla (Çarfl›) Mosque kavak 99 Çakall› Inn 100 the important buildings in the Central Black Sea Region dating from Anatolian Seljuks Period. Çakall› Han’s plan in terms of its plan characteristics belongs to the lodgings consisting of indoor (stable) and outdoor (courtyard) sections. The indoor section consists of three parallel naves. The upper cover is vault. The only ornament, which can be seen on the building are the one on the both sides reaching the half of the doors height of the cap stone door of the lodging. Çakall› Han is dating from 1210-1265. ÇAKALLI KÖPRÜSÜ (BRIDGE) Çakall› Bridge is near Çakall› Çakall› Bridge kavak Village. The stone bridge which has two arches has a height of 10-12 m. The bridge keeps its architectural characteristics. PROMENADES Çaml›k and Bükce¤iz sites are only two of the many promenades. At the ponds, built with the purpose of irrigation and in their surroundings there are areas suitable for picnic. These Ponds are; Kozans›k›, Divanbafl› and Güven Dam ponds. The surroundings of Güven Dam also known as Kavak is arranged as picnic area. Ge¤ikalan Village and Ça¤layan Waterfall are also places worth to see. ASARCIK A view from Asarc›k 102 Asarc›k is one of the smallest districts of Turkey. The center of Asarc›k has been formed by a small village where the Circassians immigrated after the Ottoman-Russian War in 18771878 has settled. The habitation gradually growing and developing, has become in 1959 a town, and in 1987 a district. Asarc›k located 44 km south of Samsun is surrounded in the west by Kavak and in the east by Çarflamba districts. AKYAZI KÖYÜ / GÖKGÖL CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) The construction date of the mosque located in Akyaz›Gökgöl Village is not certain. However, on a plank in the mosque, the date 1870 and the word ‘repair’ in Ottoman are to be seen. From this it is concluded that the building has been built before this date. The perfect work on the double door of the mosque, which draws interest with its woodworking, evokes admiration. The woodworking on the carrier girders are good samples for woodcarving. KOfiACA KÖYÜ CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) The mosque built with wooasarc›k den material and masonry technique, has a structure of two-storey porch. This mosque, consisting of harim, the narthex in the north of harim and the two-storey porches at the sides, has a gathering-place above the entrance. The gathering floor is carried by ten pillars. Another characteristic of Koflaca Köyü Mosque, which is built with wooden material, is that the inside of the building has been fully ornamented. Handmade ornaments and painted carvings with madder have turned the inner of the building into an art work. On the ornaments there are flower and leaf motives to be seen. The grape bunches ornament band goes around the four façades is interesting. Additionally, on the top floor door, opening to the gathering-place are also ornaments to be seen. AYAKLIALAN KÖYÜ K‹L‹SE KALINTISI (CHURCH RUINS) The construction date of the church in Ayakl›alan Village is not known. The walls of the church which is wreckage now are still standing. HAVZA A view from Havza 104 Havza’s most important ruin belonging to the habitations of the ancient age is Lerdü¤e Tumuli located on the north of Havza. The archaeological research done here, helped to determine the date of the grave room as 1st century BC. During the process of converting Anatolia into a Turkish land, it regularly has been passed in control and at last annexed to the Seljuks lands. After Caniko¤ullar› in 1414 it has been annexed to the Ottoman lands. During the Ottoman period Havza having been governed as an administrative unit of the city of Amasya, became a district in 1882 and has been administratively assigned to Samsun in 1926. There are some assumptions about the origin of Havza’s name. According to some assumptions, the habitation gets its name from a former governor’s name. It is also claimed that the name Havza was pronounced in different ways. The opinion that the habitation called Phazemonitis, which Strabon, an ancient age geographer from Amasya, referred in his publication called “Geographika” havza (Book XII, III, 38) as “The rest of the country is generally non-woody and suitable for agriculture. Above the land of the Amazonians, in Phazemonitis there are hot springs, which are good for health” could be Havza, is also being investigated. The most important substratum of this opinion is for sure the hot springs in Havza. Havza district has been also known with the names as Hançere, Ancere, Gançere, Hanceze, Koze and Khavza. In the north Bafra district, in the west Vezirköprü, in the east Ladik and Kavak districts and in the south Amasya and Çorum districts are located. The district of which the distance to Samsun is 86 km is surrounded by mountain ranges. In the west of the district there are Taflan (Tavflan) mountains. The feet of these mountains are in form of plateaus. The most important streams are Tersakan, Derinöz and ‹stavroz. HAVZA ATATÜRK HOUSE The three-storey building assumed to have been built at the beginning of the 1900s, when serving with the name of Atatürk House “Mesudiye Hotel”, has been consigned to Mustafa Kemal Pasha with his arrival to Havza on May 25, 1919. The room of this building where Mustafa Kemal Pafla has carried on his works between the dates May 25 – June 13 1919, has been preserved together with its furniture and opened to visitors as “Gazi Room”. The entire building has been renovated in 2002 and received a new arrangement as Atatürk House. While the lower floor is being used as an exhibition area, the second floor has been rearranged as Atatürk’s study room, bedroom, Havza room and lounge with the original furnitures. On the third floor there are Amasya, Sivas, Erzurum and Ankara rooms. In these rooms the works done in those periods are represented by means of photos and scripts. On the other hand, in the halls the ethnographical artifacts collected in Havza and region are displayed. Atatürk House havza 105 Tafl Mektep Building LERDÜ⁄E / ÇAMYATA⁄I TÜMÜLÜSLER‹ (TUMULI) 106 At a distance of 21 km to the Havza district, in Çamyata¤›/Lerdü¤e Village there are five tumuli. The grave rooms, damaged by the treasure hunters in 1946, have been excavated in the same year. The findings of the tumulus number 4, are determined as dating from 1st century BC due to their ornaments and architectural techniques. Through the entry, which consists of a stone cover joint with iron clamps, one enters into the vault passage and through a small door the grave room. The grave room’s walls, which are covered with ashlars vault, are decorated with human and animal figures. The golden ornaments, bronze candles, bottles of various sizes etc found during the scientific excavations are preserved in Ankara Anatolian Civilizations Museum. TAfi MEKTEP BUILDING (CENTRAL PRIMARY SCHOOL) Tafl Mektep, for which the building project has been prepahavza red by the engineers Hüseyin Yakup, Süreyya Sami and Nazif Bey from Samsun-Sivas Railway Investigation Committee and which is started being built in 1911, and thanks to the attention of mayor of Sivas, Muammer Bey, completed is a historical building used for the meetings during the National War of Independence. Today it is being used as school. S‹VR‹KESE CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) The mosque located in the Sivrikese Village of Havza, has been built by Ali Osman A¤a orders and the architect is Todor Usta. In the entrance, the gathering-place carried by 4 pillars are noteworthy. The woodworking of the mosque’s minbar is beautiful. The minbar ornamented with botanical figures, is a good example of wood ornament works. YÖRGÜÇ MUSTAFA BEY CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) The mosque, built by Yörgüç Mustafa Bey, is next to the Turkish bath. The mosque built in the Seljuks architectural style, has witnessed impor- 107 Yörgüç Mustafa Bey Mosque tant events during the National War of Independence. As it is next to the spas, it is also known as Kapl›calar (Thermal Springs) Mosque. fiEYH SAVCI TÜRBES‹ (TOMB) The Tomb in fieyh Safi (Umur Bey) Village is a building with a polygonal plan, covered inside by a dome and outside by cone roof, reflecting the Seljuks tomb architecture tradition. Although there are several opinions about who is burried here, the acknowledged opinion is that the last Sultan of the Anatolian Seljuks, Mesud II’s son and successor Gazi Çelebi also known as Sultan Taced- din Alt›nbafl-› Selçuki is buried here. MOUND AND TUMULI Within the borders of Havza district, there are many tumuli and mounds. The earliest habitation of most of them is determined as Early Bronze Age. The main archaeological sites are; Çeflmetepe, fieyhsafi Hill / Höyüktepe, Belalan/Tepecik Hill, Baca Hill, Çamtepe Höyü¤ü, Manevra Hill, An›ttepe, Patlaguç Hill, Dökme Hill, Hakim Hill 1, Hakim Hill 2, Cin Hill 1, Cin Hill 2, Kayal› Hill, Ören Tepe, Gargo Hill / Yusuf’s Hill. havza Soup Kitchen 108 F‹RUZ A⁄A MEDRESES‹ (MADRASAH) HAVZA ‹MARET‹ (SOUP-KITCHEN) This madrasah has been built by the pride of the statesman, head treasurer Firuz A¤a, during the period of Beyaz›t, son of Mehmet Khan, in 1495. From another epitaph in the building one finds out that there has been also a prayer room has been built at the same date. The imaret building located in ‹maret District in the west of the spas, has been built in 1429 during the period of Murad II by the mayor of Amasya, Yörgüç Paflazade Mustafa Bey. For many years the poor, the dervishes, the soldiers have been eating and lodging here. Later the surroundings of the imaret has been damaged, the building of which the domes have fell down has been devastated. The building has been renovated in 1938 reached with its state of that date today. The building, which has been used as “District Public Library” from 1940 until 1982, is today still being used according to its purposes while being maintained. One can see gathered material in the walls of the building. Soup Kitchen HAVZA THERMAL SPRINGS The geothermal sources in Samsun are located mainly in Havza. The spas are historical health facilities used since app. 2000 years. Ever since the ancient ages many people from neighborhood and also havza A view from Havza from Anatolia are coming to the district, because its healing water helps the treatment of some diseases. There are five thermal springs on the foot of a hill located at a distance of about 1 km to the SamsunAnkara highway inside Havza. Three of these thermal springs, Aslana¤z›-K›z Gözü, fiifa and Maarif are historical hammams. The other two are the modern Turkish Hammam and Lokman Hekim Hammam which are built after the hot spring discovered in 1986. Havza thermal springs have healing effect on the diseases such as various rheumatic, fracture, luxatio and local pains, and nerve, stomach, gastric, metabolism complaints and anemia. The temperature of the water at the spring is 56 °C. When Atatürk has come to Havza during the years of National War of Independence, he has had the chance to use the thermal springs. On the Hamam Soka¤› (Street) in ‹maret Quarter next to the historical hammams such as Büyük Hammam, Küçük Hammam and Maarif Hammam, there are also hammams built after 1986. These are modern Turkish Hammam (has been built after 1986 by the Municipal of Havza) and Lokman Hekim Turkish Hammam. As found out from the ancient inscription, folding material on the south façade of the ‹maret building, these thermal springs were attracting visitors from other cities also during the ancient ages. On the inscription it is stated “After having spent the year at the Havza thermal springs, cleaned and dignified now being well and healthy, I do pay tribute to the God Asklepios his nibs and his expediencies as he deserves. I thank to high priest Xandrasa who suggested me the water even though he lives temporarily in the province and to every body’s friend Silius Lipidus. I, Piso, am returning freed to my graceful country, may the blessing of my family live forever, Pilancius Piso.” Other Tombs: Pamuk Dede Tomb, Mustafa Bey Tomb, Emir El-Hac Velidüddin Bin Berekat-fiah Tomb havza 109 Aslana¤z› - K›zgözü Thermal Spring ASLANA⁄ZI - KIZ GÖZÜ THERMAL SPRING SAD‹ PAfiA / VAKIF HAMAMI (HAMMAM) 110 There used to be another hammam dating from the Byzantine period at the place of this hammam; however it has been destroyed after a heavy earthquake. According to the foundation registries, it has been built by the Seljuks Sultan, Mesud II in 1256. It is known as Sadi Pasha Hammam or Sultan Mesud Hammam as well. It is known that the hammam has been donated by Sadi Pasha. Today the big basin of the hammam is called Aslana¤z›. The pillar next to the basin is the main Aslana¤z› - K›zgözü Thermal Spring havza character of the myth which reached today. This pillar is called “k›z gözü (girl’s eye)” in the region. Once upon a time there were three girls washing themselves in the hammam. When the rebels have attacked the hammam, the girls have started begging to Allah and prayed “My God, turn us either into a bird or to a stone… But please don’t leave us into the hands of these people!”. The prayers of the girls have been accepted. All in sudden two of them became birds and flew away. The other on the other hand became stone and remained in a corner of the hammam just like that. Out of the hole Havza House on the pillar the tears of the girl started to flow down. There are still drops flowing out of the pillar. KÜÇÜK HAMAM (HAMMAM) It has been built by the ruler of Amasya, Mustafa Bey, in 1429. It has been built as an extension to the Büyük Hamam. In the centre of the marble covered hot room there is an octagonal pool. MAAR‹F HOTEL AND HAMMAM It has been built by Memduh Efendi, son of Mazlum Pafla, former Ottoman Minister of Internal Affairs and the mayor of that time. It is completed between the years 1890-1894. oriels can be two or more. These oriels are carried by wooden or stone girders and supported by iron bars. Hipped roof is covered with Turkish style roofing tiles and the underside of the eaves is wooden. Inside in the centre there is a hall with all the other rooms opening to this hall. The floor and the ceiling are of wooden material. Ali Osman A¤a Mansion and Bayram Efendi Mansion are historical examples for the Havza housing architecture. Havza House TRADITIONAL DOMICIL ARCHITECTURE In the traditional domicil architecture of Havza, the houses are usually built as two storey on the ground. The exterior surface of the houses has been built of brackets and the inner parts of timber-work. On the second floor of the buildings there is an oriel. At some houses the number of havza 111 Atatürk House VEZ‹RKÖPRÜ A view from Vezirköprü 114 The history of Vezirköprü goes back to the Hittites. With the recently carried out researches, it is thought that this date can even be extended to older periods. After being under the control of several civilizations, the golden age of Vezirköprü district has been lived under the Ottoman control. The district has healed the wounds of Celali rebellions of that time during the period of Köprülü Mehmet Pafla and gained new artifacts as well. The name of the district today has been due to Köprülü Mehmet Pafla. One of the names in Vezirköprü’s history is Neoclaudiopolis. The city called such because of the Roman Emperor Claudius’ name, became an important city in the years followed. Vezirköprü which was within the Amasya Tenancy became a unit of Sivas government, with regards to administration, was a district administrated by Amasya until 1925. In 1925 it is an administrative unit of Samsun. On the south of Vezirköprü which is located in the southwest of Samsun, there is Havza district, on the west Boyavezirköprü bat (Sivas) and Osmanc›k (Çorum), in the south Gümüflhac›köy (Amasya) and Merzifon (Amasya) and on the north there are Alaçam and Bafra districts. The altitude of the Kunduz Mountain which is on the lands of Vezirköprü district is 1783 m. ‹stavroz Brook arising in the Tavflan Mountain is known as Gölda¤› Brook in the area till the Duruçay Village. The stream known as Kuyma Brook between Duruçay Village and Köprübafl› town, gets the name ‹stavroz Brook starting from Köprübafl›. ‹stavroz Brook joining Kuzdere around Tekkek›ran Village unites with Esenli brook and Uluçay brook as from Kayal› site and flows into the Alt›nkaya Dam at Akçay. Esenli Brook arises on the north foot of the dip slopes of Ayd›nl›, Baflalan and Büyükkale Villages, and the stream is known here as Karaböcük Brook. The stream, known as Cambaz Brook between Teberük Village and Kavakp›nar› Village, is known starting from here as Esenli Brook. Esenli Brook which at Kayal› site, uniting with Ulu- fiahin Canyon çay Brook and ‹stavroz Brook, flows into Alt›nkaya Dam at Akçay. Uluçay is fed by Karap›nar and Dereköy sources. The stream known as Sokullu Brook until Esenköy, from here onwards gets the name Uluçay. At Kayal› site it gets united with Istavroz Brook and Esenli Brook. Vezirköprü Dam irrigates the land of app. 10.000 hectares between Bahçekonak, Kületek, Karl›köy, and Oymaa¤aç. The opening of the dam has been held in 2005. Oymaa¤aç Mound is 7 km north of Vezirköprü and locates between Çal S›rt› and Oymaa¤aç valley. The excavations started with the opinion of that the cult city of the Hittites, Nerik, which is mentioned in the Hittite texts but its location couldn’t yet be determined, might be in Oymaa¤aç are going on. This is known as the second most important excavation in Samsun region after the ‹kiztepe excavations. Adatepe Mound, shelters almost all traces of the Chalcholithic age starting from 5500 BC lasting for 2500 years. Since Adatepe is a natural castle, there has been habitation during almost each period. In the guidance of the last researches, the chapel in the mound is being investigated. It is considered that there might be remains from Roman period on the mound. Köytepesi berth, another place in Adatepe Village, is a natural hill and has been an important habitation during all periods. In the guidance of the last researches, the chapel on the hill is being investigated. It is considered that there might be remains from Roman period on the hill. TUMULI Ya¤basan Tumuli, Çeltek Tumuli, Avdan Village Tumulus, Çal Village Tumulus, Yukar› Çal Village Tumulus, Afla¤› Narl› Tumulus, Kületek Tumulus and Maltepe Tumulus. Other Mounds: Do¤an Hill Mound, Kurudere Mound, Çakmak Mound, Çörlen Hill Mound, Keltepe Mound vezirköprü 115 Esenköy Rock Tomb ESENKÖY ROCK TOMB Esenköy, 12 km further than the centre, is on the Zindankaya archaeological site. Outside of the rock tomb there are 3 pillars to be seen. Inside there are two rooms. It is one of the most important ancient artifacts. 116 TÜRKMEN VILLAGE This village got its name from the fact that the inhabitants are Turcomans. According to what is told, Turcomans came and settled into this village 300-350 years ago from Buhara for the purpose of breeding. Kale Mosque KALE / TAfiKALE CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) The women gathering-place is in the north of the main room. The heptangular mihrab niche has muqarnas. The coating of the oil painted mihrab is ornamented with hexagons and stars. Curled branch, baklava, flower ornamented ebony minbar has the characteristic of the Ottoman Late Period architecture. The hand workings on the dome are not authentic. As the minaret with single balcony and cylindrical body has been destroyed during the earthquake it has been rebuilt in resemblance with the original one. ANCIENT SITES AND SETTLEMENTS The ancient sites and settlements in Vezirköprü have mainly findings belonging to Roman Period and Late Ancient Age. Among these kind of areas, Çö¤e Village Settlement, K›z›lcaören Settlement, Örenyeri Settlement and Tepeören Settlement are the first ones coming into mind. vezirköprü Bazaar ABDÜLGAN‹ / NAMAZGÂH CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) Has been built by the orders of Köprülü Mehmet Pafla. It has been completely demolished during the 1906 Earthquake, only the mihrab and the minbar have survived. On the land of the ruined mosque a new wooden mosque has been built in 1915 by the local quarter people. BEDESTEN-CARAVANSERAI It is known that it has been built in 1660 by the orders of Yusuf A¤a, the father of Ayfle Han›m, Köprülü Mehmet Pafla’s wife. The building in the district centre consists of two parts, inner bedesten and outer bedesten. It has four entrances and 110 stores. The inner bedesten has been used as caravanserai in the past. Bedesten has been donated by Ayfle Han›m. The arasta has enhanced the surrounding of the bedesten. The bedesten entered through flat arched ports on four sides, is a big building having a square plan and covered by four domes. The domes have been placed on the walls with adjacent brick arches. The arches, pendant and the domes are forming a nice view with the smooth brick bond. At the place in the centre where the brick arch carrying the main dome is leaning on, there is a square place projecting towards inside and covered by a small dome. Other Mosques: Köprülü Mehmet Pafla Mosque, Taceddin Pafla (Kurflunlu) Mosque, Yörgüç Pafla Mosque (Orta Mosque) Taceddin Pafla Mosque vezirköprü 117 Taflhan Inn 118 This place which can be seen from outside between the main domes is the prayer dome. In the north of the arasta which is entered through round arched ports, there are vaulted stores. The stores on the side facing bedesten are built in triangular shape in order to save space. The caravanserai called Inner Bedesten, is claimed to be the only caravanserai with 4 domes on a single pillar in our country. In the pillar there is hidden room. Faz›l Ahmet Pafla Madrasah vezirköprü TAfiHAN (INN) Taflhan a Late Ottoman period work is built of fill stone and has two storeys. ABDÜLKER‹M A⁄A MEDRESES‹ (MADRASAH) The Madrasah, which has been built by the orders of Abdülkerim A¤a in the 17th century, has been ruined during the earthquake. Abdülkerim A¤a Madrasah consists of 20 rooms where the students were receiving education and accommodation. Çifte Hammam FAZIL AHMET PAfiA MEDRESES‹ / TAfi MEDRESE (MADRASAH) The Madrasah, in the district centre, has been built by the orders of Faz›l Ahmet Pafla in 1662. Although there has been cracks during the earthquake of 1943, it has been renovated and it authenticity has been kept. Tafl Madrasah, which has been used for several purposes until 1964, has been used after that date as the service building of Directorate of Public Library which is consigned to Ministry of Culture. In year 2002, the pillar spacing have been renovated trough connecting with wood. There are 20.000 books in the library. ders of Köprülü Mehmet Pafla especially for his family. It has three sections in the classical style; the changing room, the cool room and the hot room. It still continues serving today. 119 FOUNTAINS The fountain next to the Namazgah Mosque has been built by the orders of Köprülü Mehmet Pafla. The fountain continues its function even today. Kurflunlu Mosque FounKale Hammam Ç‹FTE HAMAM (HAMMAM) Çifte Hammam has been built by the orders of the wife of Köprülü Mehmet Pafla, Ayfle Hatun, in 1660. It is next to Bedesten. KALE HAMAMI (HAMMAM) It is told that this Turkish hammam has been built by the orvezirköprü 120 Clock Tower tain is in the courtyard of Kurflunlu Mosque. This fountain has been built during the late Ottoman period. It is known that also Ganio¤lu fountain has been built during the same period. CLOCK TOWER It has been built in 1906 by the orders of the mayor of Sivas, Reflat Akif Pafla. Even though it has been significantly damaged during the earthquake of 1943 it has been restorated in accordance to its original plan. The clocks placed on the façades are operational. Village (Vezirköprü) to each other. The bridge is on a high stand with two pointed arches. Between the arches and next to them there are three pointed arch windows. On the bridge rubble bonding system consisting of face stone and irregular stones is observed. In construction of the bridge grave stones and architectural pieces belonging to Byzantine and Roman periods are also used as gathered material. The architectural style and the bond system of the bridge is confirming to the 13th – 14th century architecture. KURT KÖPRÜSÜ (BRIDGE) Kurt Bridge is built on the ‹stavroz Brook which is drawing the borders of Vezirköprü and Havza, and connects Tahna Village (Havza) and Tekkek›ran vezirköprü KÖPRÜLÜ MEHMET PASHA MONUMENT Köprülü Mehmet Pafla Monument which is in Municipal Park has been built in 1958. LAD‹K A view from Ladik It is anticipated that the history of the Ladik district goes back to 3000 BC. From the archaeological investigations carried on in the neighborho122 THE FLOATING ISLANDS ON THE LAKE LAD‹K The islands, moving with the wind, come into existence by the plant routes and stems forming a highly organic non-woven texture through the accumulation of the vital routes and rots and them sticking to each other. On these plants holding on each other, after having started floating like raft on the water, plants even trees can grow. The islands changing direction with the blowing direction of the wind, depending on their sizes, can also be pushed by poles. Islands formed in this manner are to be found on the Ladik Lake as a natural beauty to be as well as at many places of Anatolia. ladik od, it has been determined that Ladik has been a settlement area during the Hittite period as well. Although it is told that the city has been established by the wife of Mithridates and the name originates of this, these are just assumptions not going any further than being a myth. The area went under the hegemony of the Romans with the defeat of the Kingdom of Mithridates by the Roman. When Rome separates in two as eastern and western in 395 BC, Ladik has remained within the borders of the Byzantine Empire. The region is conquered by the Seljuks after the 1071 Malazgirt battle. In 1075, one of the commanders of Alparslan, Melik Ahmet Danishmend Gazi, took Amasya and surrounding under his hegemony. It is also claimed that the name of the habitation originates from the name of the commander’s daughter, ‹leduk or ‹ldük Hatun. During the Anatolian Beylics Period, Ladik went under the hegemony of Kubado¤ullar›. The Ottoman Lake Ladik has annexed Ladik in 1482 definitely. Ladik has been within the borders of the province Amasya governed by the Sivas Sanjak until the Republican period. Ladik district, being assigned to Amasya after the proclamation of the Republic, has been an administrative unit of Samsun in 1925. Ladik district, located in the south of Samsun, is surrounded by Kavak in the north, Taflova and Havza districts in the west and by Amasya in the south. It is established in an area where the Northern Anatolian Mountain ranges derogates towards west and allows passage on the north foot of Akda¤, on a wide plain named after it. their natural environment. Among these, night heron, squacco heron, little egret, grey heron, purple heron, black stork, stork, mallard, black-winged stilt, peewit, black-headed gull, common tern, little tern, white-winged black tern are counted. On the mountainside around Ladik Lake on the other hand birds like rock pigeon, crested lark, lark, and red-backed shrike, and ring ouzel, finch, and sparrow, raven are living. Lake Ladik LAKE LAD‹K AND BIRD PARADISE Lake Ladik the source of the Tersakan River is at a distance of 10 km to Ladik. There are trout and pike in the lake. Lake Ladik, possessing a wide reed land, is used in the mat production. At Lake Ladik many bird species are living in ladik 123 124 Akda¤ Plateau TERSAKAN RIVER AKDA⁄ PLATEAU Tersakan River is one of the streams of the district forms a stem of Yeflil›rmak river. Arising out of the Lake Ladik heading towards west, from there towards south and then arching towards east, it joins Yeflil›rmak river. Due to this stream course, it is called as Tersakan River. The plateau with the altitude of 950 m has a distance of 9 km to the Ladik Centre. The plateau is covered with pine trees and depending on the season with colchicum autumnal. AKDA⁄ WINTERSPORTS AND SKI CENTER Akda¤ winter sports and ski center which is at a distance of 7 km to the Ladik Centre, has long slopes. The area covered with natural grass gives the opportunity to do grass skiing in the summer months. ladik KÜPEC‹K PLATEAU Küpecik Plateau which is 23 km from Ladik Centre has an altitude of 1600 m. It is told by the local people that the water of this plateau melts the kidney stones and is used by the people for the treatment of this kind of diseases. In Ladik there are Büyükk›zo¤lu Plateau (altitude 1600 m –distance to Ladik 10 km), Ladik Plateau (altitude 1500 m –distance to the district 7 km), Akda¤ Mountain Çak›rgümüfl Plateau ( altitude1500 m –distance to the district 12 km) and Gürcü Plateau (altitude 1500 m –distance to the district 5 km) LAKE BÜYÜKKIZO⁄LU AND WATERFALL Driving from Büyükk›zo¤lu Village 3km towards the plateau, the waterfall in the woodland with a spectacular view and the natural lake surrounded by high trees are genuinely worth to see. The surrounding of the lake is suitable for picnic. The source of the fall’s water is on Akda¤. For that reason the water is very cold and clean. It is very suitable for trout farming as well. LAD‹K KALES‹ (CASTLE) Very few remains of the castle passed today which in the travel book of Evliya Çelebi is mentioned to be in the southwest of Ladik. During the works carried on in Ladik such as channeling works, castle, and walls are found from time to time. In the area where the castle locates, Amisos city coins and coins from the Byzantine period are discovered and on the east sides of the castle spearheads are found. BÜLBÜL HATUN CAM‹‹ (MOSQUE) It has been built by the orders of the wife of Beyaz›d II, Bülbül Hatun. The mosque which Bülbül Hatun Mosque ladik 125 Eski Hammam has been ruined during the earthquake of 1943 has been rebuilt according to its original plans and on the same groundwork. 126 fiEYH SEYY‹D AHMED-‹ KEB‹R TÜRBES‹ (TOMB) The construction date of Seyyid Ahmed-i Kebir Tomb, which is within the cemetery is unknown. The tomb is built of face stone and bracket. The square planned building has a pointed roof. There are seven sarcophagi inside the building. In front there is a two Other Tombs: Dikili Tafl Tomb, Gülabdal Tomb, Karaabdal Tomb, Sunullah Pafla Tomb LAD‹K AKDA⁄ PLATEAU FESTIVITY Ladik Akda¤ Plateau Festivity held in order to keep the plateau tradition alive, happens every year in the month of July. ladik pillared porch. The eaves are wooden and coated from inside. The stone-brick mixed bonding system and the architectural style are the characteristics of Beylics Period. The tomb is a place visited by the people who cannot have children or who cannot have boys. MOUNDS Eventhough Ladik’s history goes back to 3000 BC; there are many mounds and tumuli waiting for extended examination in the district. In many of these the earliest settlement is Early Bronze Age. In some of them interrupted, in some of them uninterrupted settlement is observed. Among the other archaeological settlements in the district, there are ‹nkaya Graves and Ruins, Dökme Hill, Köyiçi, Tombul Hill, Kilise Hill, Kümbet Mound, Dedealt› Hill and Kale Hill. 127 Clock Tower ESK‹ HAMAM (HAMMAM) Located in the district center, it has been told that it is built by the orders of the mother of Beyaz›d II. Nevertheless there have been no accurate registers found. It can not be used as it is ruined. HAMAMAYA⁄I THERMAL SPRING The thermal spring which is 75 km to Samsun and 15 km to Havza is located 13 km in the north of Ladik district center. Hamamaya¤› as the most important tourism area of the district is a popular resort with its water, picnic areas and recreation facilities. The water of the spa, in regards with the containing minerals, is among the famous spas of the world. The water has a temperature of 37°C. CLOCK TOWER The clock tower, which has been built in 1889 by the orders of the district governor Reflit Bey, has been ruined during the earthquake of 1943 and afterwards renovated in accordance with its original plan. The tower located on a three storey platform has a height of 14 m from the ground. It is an artifact built of red clean cut face stone, with multi bases and a cylindrical body. ladik TRADITIONAL CULTURE TRADITIONAL HANDICRAFTS Among the handicrafts which are continuing to be carried in the city of Samsun, Carpet weaving, rug weaving, cloth weaving, copper working, embroidery, read weaving, basket weaving, wood engraving is counted. Today, in some villages, although not extensively, production is done.for consumption and to meet the needs. TRADITIONAL ATTIRE The traditional attire for women of Samsun are cepken, iç yelek, önlük (apron), üçetek, çorap (socks) and çar›k. The dress is completed with a head piece. The men cloths of the region are çar›k, çorap (socks), flalvar, aba, gömlek and bel kufla¤› (belt). TRADITIONAL FOLK DANCES Samsun folk dances, has gained diversity by the cultures of the communities came with the immigration the city got in the last centuries. Extensive and strong folkloric values in Samsun, together with the new added values, have colored the folk dances, traditional wears and the traditions of Samsun. Some of the dances of the Samsun region are done by holding hands, joining the elbows, putting hands on the shoulders as are dances done facing one another without holding hands. Kneeling figures, clapping figures, cross walking figures, turning figures, heel-knock and tiptoeknock figures are contained in the dances. The dances are usually performed by dancing around within a certain area. The names of the folk dances in Samsun; Alaçam, Blond Girl, Tombul Gelin, Samsun waggle dances, Bafra, ‹kileme, Demira¤a, Zirto, Kabaday›, Kasap, Samsun Horonu, Fat Bride, Rumeli dik horonu, Köro¤lu, Girls Rythm, Çarflamba, Çarflamba Çiftetellisi, Çarflamba straight play music and dance, Çarflamba Greeting, Deaf Curtain, Anatolian Çiftetelli dance, Karaçal›, Kasap, Kaba Ceviz, Alafranga, Gürcü Horonu, Sal› Pazar›, Terme, Trio Horon, Georgian Horon, Horon Kurma, Ladik, ThreeSteps, Mashined,Tamzara, Hoflbilezik,Temura¤a, Sarhoflbar›, Sar›k›z, Woodcutters, My master I’m burnt, Yelleme, Ladik horonu, Ladik semah›, Vezirköprü and Woodcutters. traditional culture 131 Even if just a bit, there are also dances performed in a line (such as alafranga ‘European style’ dance). During the dances, no circles are formed. The dances usually start slow. In the following sections they get faster. In some dances it is observed that the dancers yell (Drunk Bar and Rough Nut). In the karfl›lama style dances shoulder shaking figure is widely used. The shoulder shaking figures of men are more strong and straight compared to the figures of women. Samsun is one of the cities in our country considered to be a transition point in terms of folk dances. With the settlement of the exchange refugees in the region after the proclamation of the Republic, dances such as Hora Greetings have entered the Samsun Folk Dances. Due to the immigrations from Eastern Black Sea Region the horon varieties become widespread. It is also possible to find Semahs in the city of Samsun. TRADITIONAL CUISINE The variety in the culture of Samsun is reflected in the sa- me way to its food as well. Vegetable dishes where vegetables like corn, cabbage, beans, meat, beet pancar are cooked with meat and wheat, dishes made from poultry such as goose, chicken, duck and pastry are most common dishes. The most famous dish of Samsun is tirit, which became subject to the folk songs. Tirit, fairly delicious and interesting local dish, where goose meat broken wheat pilaf and pastry rolled at home and soused in oily chicken broth are eaten together. Bafra Lokumu (Turkish Delight); clotted cream is placed between two specially produced Turkish delights. Rolled to give a cylinder form and made ready to serve by peppering with farina. As it is a very soft and easy to form Turkish delight it can easily be deformed. Nevertheless its taste is worth all the efforts. One can count ground beet (yaz› beet), corn soup, and soup with yoghurt, lentil and broken wheat soup, keflkek, kale soup, anchovy bread, pilaf with anchovy and Burma desert among the dishtraditional culture 133 es belonging to the region. In the kitchens of Samsun, also the herbs are commonly used. In addition, from the herbs such as lorgon, k›rçan, kald›rayak, mad›mak, nünük, kavurma or soup is prepared. The most famous pastry of the city is the pita known with the name Black Sea, Samsun or Bafra. In Samsun which is reach with regards to sea and fresh water fishes, also the fish is a significant food source. According to the season, besides the sea fishes such as anchovy, horsemackerel, whiting, blue fish, whiting fish and turbot, fresh water fishes such as carp, cat fish, bass, trout and pike are also consumed. Bafra Nokulu Ingredients: 1 kg wheat flour, 2 eggs, 1 drinking cup yoghurt, 250 g margarine, 1 drinking cup oil, 1 drinking cup crushed walnut, 1 tablespoon cinnamon, 2 tablespoons sugar, sufficiently baking soda Preparation: Knead the wheat flour, eggs (the yolk of one of them will be separated and put aside), yoghurt, melted margarine and baking soda to dough as soft as an earlobe. For the filling, mix crushed walnut, cinnamon and sugar. Divide the dough in three pieces. Roll each of them out with the help of a roller. Apply oil on the pastry. Sprinkle the filling on the pastry. Fold the pastry in and roll. Cut it in pieces as big as you wish and put on an oven tray. Apply egg yolk on them and put the tray in the oven. F›nd›kl› K›vratma in Çarflamba Style Ingredients: 1 drinking cup yoghurt, 1 drinking cup oil, 1 drinking cup water, 1 tea spoon baking, 3 eggs, one half kg farina, half a pack margarine, 1 kg sugar, 1 kg wheat flour Preparation: Whisk yoghurt, water, eggs, oil with 1 tea spoon baking soda. After adding sufficient amount of wheat flour knead the dough as soft as an earlobe. Divide the dough in pieces as big as an egg and let them rest on a tray. Mix half a kg sugar with crushed walnuts. Roll the dough with the help of farina. On the rolled dough, sprinkle sufficient amount of crushed walnuts. With the help of the dough roller, make rolls out of the dough, squeeze and put on the tray. After that apply the melted margarine on the pastry with the help of a brush and bake them until the surface is roasted. traditional culture 135 VERBAL CULTURE The verbal culture products of Samsun, of which the cultural characteristics vary and differ a lot, are evenly colorful. The Myths The Amazons The most important myth related to the Terme history is the Amazons. The most significant characteristic of the Amazons is that they were warriors. Along to the good fighting characteristic they inherited from their father, the war god Ares, with the consciousness of assuring and maintaining the peace which they have inherited from their mother, Harmonia representing the harmony and the peace, they built a well deserved reputation for themselves. Being one of the most important characters of the ancient Greek Mythology, these women were present especially during the defenses against the Greek soldiers attacking Troy and joined the battles. According to another myth of the Amazons of Terme told in the region, the Amazons would have buried their hair in the ground and after a while herbs would have grown out of the ground, this herb is tobacco which is one of the most important products of Samsun. The Myth of Cini Ba¤dat (Cüneyd-i Ba¤dadî) Tomb According to the myth related to the Cüneyd-i Ba¤dadi Tomb in Terme District, a brave man named Cüneyd who comes with the Islamic army in front of Samsun, loses one arm during the battle, martyrizes on a hill. At the places where his arm and his body martyrize, a tomb has been built. Afterwards the arm would be buried next to the body; nevertheless it has been observed that the arm was back to its old place. This place is nowadays a devotional and visiting place. People who want their wish to come true are visiting this place. The myth of E¤ri Kale (Castle) The castle, located in K›rg›l Village of Terme District is according to the myth not manmade. It is told, that this castle was built for Noah to moor his arc during the deluge. It is believed that the first snow falls on it and that it is going to rain if fog comes down on it. Proverbs Gold coin is weighed by silver finger. (Ladik) While there is lion, no liver is left to the cat. (Yukar›gerfiTerme) There is no clay where there is no mud. (Ç›naralan-Samsun) When there is the top of the sack, the bottom of the sack shouldn’t be opened. (Samsun) Everything is broken due to the fragility, while human is broken due to the crudity. (Ç›rakman-Samsun) Unfortunate dog would go home during sacrifice month. (Eskicuma-Samsun) One shouldn’t go to the market without money and to the grave without faith. (Ç›rakman-Samsun) traditional culture 137 CHRONOLOGY 138 BC 5500-3000 Chalcolithic Period BC 3000-2000 Early Bronze Age MÖ 2000-1600 BC 2000-1600 Middle Bronze Age BC 1600-1200 Late Bronze Age BC 1660-1460 Early Hittite Period BC 1460-1190 Hittite Empire Period BC 1190-700/650 Late Hittite Period BC 7th Century Colonization Period BC 550-332 Persians BC 330-30 Hellenistic Period BC 4.-1. Century Kingdom of Pontus BC 63-AC 395 Roman Empire AC 395 Byzantine Period 1071 Malazgirt Victory 1086 Foundation of new Samsun. 1178 Downfall of the Danishmends 14. Century Eretna Principality and Kubado¤ullar› 1398 Bayezid I. (Ottomans) 1419 Annexation of the Old Samsun and Bafra to the Ottoman Empire 1428 Annexation of Çarflamba to the Ottoman Empire 1869 Great Fire of Samsun 1874-1882 Samsun is independent lieutenant government 1882 Allied to the province of Trabzon 1910 Independent lieutenant government 1919 Arrival of Atatürk to Samsun chronology BIBLIOGRAPHY Sar›sakal Baki, Samsun E¤lence Tarihi, Samsun Büyükflehir Belediyesi Kültür Yay›nlar›, 2007. Samsun Yemekleri, Samsun ‹l Kültür ve Turizm Müdürlü¤ü, 2006 Gürcan Hikmet, Samsun Folkloru, Anadolu Folklor Vakf› Samsun Grubu Kültür Yay›nlar›, 2006 Önemli Bir Do¤a Miras›: K›z›l›rmak Deltas› Can Y›lmaz, Samsun Yöresinde Bulunan Ahflap Camiler, Etüt Yay›nlar›. Yurt Ansiklopedisi, “Samsun”, Hot Springs and Spas, Samsun, 2006 ‹kiztepe Bafra-Samsun Broflürü, Samsun ‹l Kültür ve Turizm Müdürlü¤ü, 2007 K›z›l›rmak Deltas› Kufl Cenneti Broflürü, Samsun ‹l Kültür ve Turizm Müdürlü¤ü. 139 Gazi Müzesi (Mantika Palas) Broflürü. Amisos Hazineleri Broflürü, Samsun. Samsun Müzeleri ve Örenyerleri Broflürü. Eski Samsun’da (Amisos) Ayd›nlanan Tarih Broflürü, Kültür ve Sosyal ‹fller Dairesi Baflkanl›¤›. Band›rma Gemi-Müze ve Milli Mücadele Aç›k Hava Müzesi Broflürü, Samsun Büyükflehir Belediyesi. Samsun: Güneflin Do¤du¤u fiehir, Samsun Valili¤i, 2008, Samsun Sar›sakal Baki, Samsun’da Unutulmayan Olaylar, 2008, Samsun Bask›n Refik, fiu Samsun’un Evleri, 1998, Samsun Bask›n Refik, Hey Gidi Black Sea , 2008, Samsun Bask›n Refik, Samsun 1919, 2000, Samsun Y›lmaz Cevdet, Geçmiflten Gelece¤e Samsun, Samsun Büyükflehir Belediyesi, 1. kitap, 2006, Samsun Y›lmaz Cevdet, Geçmiflten Gelece¤e Samsun, Samsun Büyükflehir Belediyesi, 2. kitap, 2007, Samsun bibliography USEFUL INFORMATION GENERAL INFORMATION AREA AND POPULATION The surface area of the city is 9.579 km2. Last recorded population of the city is 1.250.076. EMERGENCY NUMBERS Ambulance Police Gendarme Fire 112 155 156 110 AVERAGE HIGHEST TEMPERATURES Feb Mar Apr 24.2 26.2 Jan 32.3 37.0 May Jun 34.4 July Agu Sept Oct Nov 37.4 35.4 35.2 34.8 38.4 29.0 Dec 25.4 AVERAGE LOWEST TEMPERATURES Jan Feb -6.6 -6.8 Mar Apr -7.0 -2.4 May Jun July Agu Sept Oct Nov 2.7 9.0 13.6 14.0 7.0 1.5 -3.4 Temperatures in ºC. 142 OFFICIAL INFORMATION GOVERNORSHIP Samsun Governorship 55019 Samsun T. +90 362 431 64 75 – 78 F. +90 362 431 64 77 www.samsun.gov.tr PROVINCIAL DIRECTORATE FOR CULTURE AND TOURISM Samsun Provincial Directorate for Culture and Tourism Samsun T. +90 362 431 00 14 F. +90 362 435 65 48 www.samsunkulturveturizm.gov.tr MUNICIPALITY Samsun Metropolitan MunicipalityPazar Mah. Necipbey Cad. No:35 Samsun T. +90 362 431 60 90 F. +90 362 431 22 32 www.samsun.bel.tr POLICE STATION Samsun Police Station T. +90 362 230 84 10 www.samsun.pol.tr useful information Dec -3.4 SAMSUN ONDOKUZ MAYIS UNIVERSITY Ondokuz May›s University Rectorate Building 55139 Kurupelit Samsun T. +90 362 312 19 19 F. +90 362 457 60 91 www.omu.edu.tr TRAVEL TO SAMSUN TOURIST INFORMATION T. +90 362 431 12 28 TRANSPORTATION SAMSUN AIRPORT Çarflamba Samsun T. +90 362 844 88 30-44 (15 lines) F. +90 362 844 88 46 TURKISH AIRLINES (THY) Samsun Airport Samsun T. +90 362 844 82 00 F. +90 362 844 88 25 www.thy.com samsunsatis@thy.com 143 ATLAS JET Loresima Travel Sar›caali Mah. ‹stasyon Cad. 13/A Çarflamba Samsun T. +90 362 833 10 66 www.atlasjet.com PEGASUS / ‹Z AIR Karadeniz Mah. Lise Cad. No:18 Samsun T. +90 362 234 90 64 ONURAIR 19 May›s Bul. No:35 Samsun T. +90 362 435 72 60 RAILROAD TERMINAL Samsun T. +90 362 233 50 22 BUS TERMINAL Samsun T. +90 362 238 17 06 F. +90 362 465 60 85 useful information METRO TUR‹ZM Yusuf Ziya Y›lmaz Bus Terminal No: 21-22-23-24 Samsun T.+90 362 465 62 55 F.+90 362 465 61 10 www.metroturizm.com ULUSOY TUR‹ZM City Center Samsun T. +90 362 465 60 10 www.ulusoy.com.tr VARAN TUR‹ZM Cumhuriyet Meydan› Mevlevihane Cad. Özel ‹dare Alt› No:8 Samsun T. +90 362 435 03 17 www.varan.com.tr TOKAT SEYAHAT 144 City Center Samsun T. +90 362 231 34 34 (Çiftlik) T. +90 362 431 63 63 (Meydan) AYDO⁄AN TUR‹ZM City Center Samsun T. +90 362 465 61 41 T. +90 362 465 61 62 DA⁄ISTANLI TUR‹ZM City Center and the Branches in Districts T. +90 362 432 35 91 TOPÇAM City Center Samsun T. +90 362 233 11 34 FINDIKKALE TUR‹ZM City Center Samsun T. +90 362 435 70 24 ÖZKAYMAK Bus Terminal Samsun T. +90 362 238 18 55 DO⁄U KARADEN‹Z EKSPRES City Center Samsun T. +90 362 465 60 53 useful information CAR RENTAL EUROPCAR Samsun Airport Samsun T. +90 362 231 32 25 www.europcar.com.tr YETK‹N RENT A CAR Karadeniz Mah. Gazi Cad. No: 170 Samsun T. +90 362 234 00 01 F. +90 362 234 05 06 www.yetkinrentacar.com YAfiAR RENT A CAR Lise Cad. No:24/B Samsun T. +90 362 233 32 88 F. +90 362 233 03 07 TRAVEL AGENCIES (Category A) YAVUZTUR TRAVEL AGENCY Ulugazi Mah. Kaplano¤lu Sok. fiuayip Sezer Apt. No:1 Samsun T. +90 362 431 13 24 / +90 362 432 54 54 F. +90 362 431 36 32 145 KAR-TUR TRAVEL AGENCY Cumhuriyet Cad. kat: 2 Samsun T. +90 362 431 33 10 F. +90 362 431 30 60 LAM‹RJEN TRAVEL AGENCY Hac›abi Mah. No:3 Bafra T. +90 362 542 85 85 F. +90 362 543 15 00 E.AKÇA TRAVEL AGENCY Faz›l Ahmet Pafla Mah. Faruk Ahmet Pafla cad. Vezirköprü T. 0362 646 29 96 M‹STY TRAVEL AGENCY Hükümet Cad. No: 65/E Bafra D‹LEM TRAVEL AGENCY Kale Mah. Fatih Sultan Mehmet cad. No: 58/H samsun useful information YETK‹L‹ TRAVEL AGENCY 19 May›s Mah. Gazi Cad. No:79 ‹lkad›m Samsun T. +90 362 432 18 19 FAZEMON TRAVEL AGENCY Kale Mah. 19 May›s Bul. Soley Han 19/1 Samsun ONDOKUZMAYIS TRAVEL AGENCY Karadeniz Mah. Lise Cad. No: 22 City Center Samsun T. +90 362 234 90 64 F. +90 362 231 39 07 METRO TOURISM TRAVEL AGENCY Kale Mah. Cumhuriyet Cad. A Blok No: 5 Samsun T. +90 362 431 66 06 EFNAN TOURISM TRAVEL AGENCY Atatürk Bul. No: 560 Samsun T. +90 362 432 29 96 F. +90 362 432 43 38 AY-B‹KE TOURISM TRAVEL AGENCY 146 Kale Mah. Kaz›m Pafla Cad. Samsun T. +90 362 435 69 42 LORES‹MA TUR‹ZM TRAVEL AGENCY Kale Mah. 19 May›s Bul. No: 31/C19 Samsun T. +90 362 432 68 84 P‹RAY TOURISM TRAVEL AGENCY Kad›köy Mah. Kad› Cad. No: 5/ A Samsun T. +90 362 433 00 29 STT ‹STANBUL TRAVEL AGENCY Kale Mah. Mevlevihane Cad. Özel ‹dare ‹fl Han› No: 8 Samsun H‹ZMET TUR‹ZM TRAVEL AGENCY Kale Mah. Ferah Sok. No: 3 D. 14-15 Samsun T. +90 362 431 19 33 fiAHMER TUR‹ZM TRAVEL AGENCY Kale Mah. Kaz›m Pafla Cad. No: 14/9 THK ‹flhan› Samsun T. +90 362 432 31 01 YILDIZO⁄LU TUR‹ZM TRAVEL AGENCY Hançerli Mah. ‹skele Cad. No: 34 Samsun T. +90 362 435 83 84 useful information 59 CSC TUR‹ZM TRAVEL AGENCY Emirefendi Mah. Emirefendi Bul. No:6 BAFRA/SAMSUN TR‹A TRAVEL AGENCY Bahçelievler Mah. ‹stiklal Cad. No:174/B SAMSUN T. +90 362 233 59 56 V‹ÇE TUR‹ZM TRAVEL AGENCY Karadeniz Mah. Aziziye Cad. No:41/1 SAMSUN T. +90 362 230 69 96 HOTELS CITY CENTRE BÜYÜK SAMSUN HOTEL **** Kale Mah. Atatürk Bul. No:629 Samsun T. +90 362 432 49 99 F. +90 362 431 07 40 ROOM: 106 BED: 222 @ 147 V‹D‹NL‹ HOTEL *** Kaz›m Pafla Cad. No. 4 Samsun T. +90 362 431 60 50 F. +90 362 431 21 36 www.otelvidinli.com.tr ROOM: 45 BED: 80 AM‹SOS HOTEL *** Kale Mah. Cumhuriyet Cad. No: 18 (Across the Atatürk Monument) Samsun T. +90 362 435 94 00 F. +90 362 435 66 62 www.hotelamisos.com ROOM: 52 BED:108 t NORTH POINT HOTEL *** Atatürk Bulvar› No: 594 Samsun T. +90 362 435 95 95 F. +90 362 435 70 35 www.northpointhotel.com ROOM:64 BED:128 @ t useful information SAMSUN TUANA HOTEL *** Körfez Mah. Atatürk Bul. No: 7 Atakum / Samsun ROOM: 46 BED: 92 YAFEYA HOTEL *** Kale Mah. Cumhuriyet Meydan› No: 2 Samsun T. +90 362 435 11 31 F. +90 362 435 11 35 www.yafeyaotel.com ROOM: 93 BED:188 @ HAVZA ANCERE THERMAL HOTEL **** Atatürk Cad. No: 98 Havza Samsun T. +90 362 714 77 00 F. +90 362 714 77 05 www.ancerethermalhotel.com.tr ROOM: 81 BED:163 h t 148 MAAR‹F OTEL ** ‹maret Mah. Thermal Springs Region Havza Samsun T. +90 362 714 10 10 F. +90 362 714 00 00 ROOM: 24 BED: 48 h TEKKEKÖY SAMSUN AIRPORT RESORT HOTEL *** Samsun-Ordu Highway 12th km Tekkeköy Samsun T. +90 362 256 33 65 F. +90 362 256 33 68 www.samsunairportresorthotel.com ODA: 56 YATAK: 118 @ YAKAKENT M‹S ÇAMGÖLÜ OTEL ** Çamgölü Yakakent / Samsun ROOM: 25 BED:51 @ useful information ACCOMMODATION FACILITIES WITH INVESTMENT CERTIFICATE EV‹N HOTEL **** Beylerce Mevkii Tekfur Meydan› Çarflamba/SAMSUN ROOM 100 BED 200 ERÇAL HOTEL **** Cumhuriyet Mah. Cumhuriyet Sokak No:1 Tekkeköy/SAMSUN ROOM 99 BED 240 GRAND ATAKUM HOTEL **** Yeni Mah. Atatürk Bul. No:183 Atakum/SAMSUN ROOM 65 BED 130 GRAND SO⁄ANCI *** Samsun-Ordu Highway 53th km SAMSUN T. +90 362 876 58 86 ROOM 50 BED 100 149 TU⁄RA PARK HOTEL *** Üniversite Mah. So¤uksu Mevkii HAVZA T. +90 362 714 25 00 ROOM 49 BED 98 SAMSUN MAR‹N HOTEL *** Mimar Sinan Mah. Atatürk Bulvar› No:202 Atakum/SAMSUN T. +90 362 437 00 25 ROOM 19 BED 38 SAM MY HOUSE HOUSE HOTEL *** Cumhuriyet Cad. No:50 SAMSUN T. +90 362 435 35 55 ROOM 53 BED 105 FOR YOU HOTEL *** Deniz Evleri Mah. Alaçam Cad. No:36 Atakum/SAMSUN ROOM 36 BED 72 ARMON‹A HOTEL *** 19 May›s Mah. Cumhuriyet Cad. No:70 ‹lkad›m/SAMSUN ROOM 42 BED 72 useful information YILDIZO⁄LU HOTEL *** 19 May›s Mah. Talimhane Cad.No: 11/C SAMSUN ROOM 47 BED 94 GRAND ASOS HOTEL *** Kale Mah. ‹lkad›m/SAMSUN T. +90 362 431 26 50 ROOM 25 BED 40 RESTAURANTS & CAFES BAfiKALE RESTAURANT Körfez Mah. Atatürk Blv. No: 38 Kurupelit Samsun T. +90 362 438 30 86 F. +90 362 438 29 24 Turkish cuisine C 07:00-23:00 d KER‹MBEY KONA⁄I 150 Kutlukent-Keribey Mah. Atatürk Blv. No: 328 T. +90 362 266 40 52 Turkish cuisine C 07:00-23:00 m GOLDEN KÖRFEZ RESTAURANT Körfez Mah. Atatürk Blv. T. & F. +90 362 457 53 29 Turkish cuisine C 07:00-23:00 m k d MERCAN BALIK EV‹ (FISH RESTAURANT) Karadeniz Mah. Cumhuriyet Cad. No: 100 Samsun T. +90 362 231 62 22 F. +90 362 231 28 77 BAHAR RESTAURANT Atatürk Bul. No: 122 Kurupelit Samsun T. +90 362 457 76 10 F. +90 362 457 66 82 Turkish cuisine k useful information GÜLHAN RESTAURANT Samsun-Sinop highway, Kurupelit Samsun T. +90 362 457 68 81 F. +90 362 457 59 87 OSKAR RESTAURANT Pazar Mah. Belediye Mey. No: 5 Samsun T. +90 362 431 20 40 F. +90 362 432 96 36 Turkish cuisine @, k KARADEN‹Z SAH‹L TES‹SLER‹ Cumhuriyet Mah. Adnan Menderes Bul. 269 Samsun T. +90 362 457 53 18 Turkish cuisine @, k RAMA LOUNGE ‹stiklal Cad. No: 102 Kat: 2 Samsun T. +90 362 230 62 19 F. +90 362 233 18 32 Turkish cuisine k SYMBOLS h t @ C k d m Pool Meeting Room Internet Cuisine Opening Hours Alcholic Drinks Credit Card Outdoor Seating Live Music Phone PAMUK KARDEfiLER FISH RESTAURANT Bahçelievler Mah. 100. y›l Bul. No: 249 Samsun T. +90 362 233 33 15 F. +90 362 233 63 55 ‹T‹MAT BALIK LOKANTASI Cumhuriyet Cad. No: 64/66 Samsun T. +90 362 420 05 24 RENK GAZ‹NOSU ‹stasyon Mah. Aatürk Bul. No: 72 Samsun T. +90 362 233 01 73 ZAL‹ RESTAURANT ‹stiklal Cad. Hürriyet Mah. No:62/2 Samsun T. +90 362 432 79 91 BARAN TUR‹ST‹K D‹NLENME TES‹SLER‹ Ankara Highway 30th Kavak T. +90 362 749 00 55 useful information 151 fiEH‹R KLÜBÜ RESTAURANT Ulugazi Mah. ‹stiklal Cad. No:56 ‹lkad›m-Samsun T. +90 362 431 37 36 KARADEN‹Z BALIK RESTAURANT Karadeniz Mah. Cumhuriyet Cad. No:106 Samsun MEDICAL SERVICES MEHMET AYDIN SAMSUN STATE HOSPITAL Ctiy Center Samsun T. +90 362 230 33 00 F. +90 362 230 31 74 SAMSUN GAZ‹ STATE HOSPITAL Ctiy Center Samsun T. +90 362 311 30 30 (5 lines) F. +90 362 230 79 60 19 MAYIS UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE HEALTH PRACTICE AND RESEARCH HOSPITAL City Center Samsun T. +90 362 312 19 19 152 SAMSUN MENTAL HOSP‹TAL Unkapan› Mah. Leventle Sok. No:1 Samsun T. +90 362 435 60 50 F. +90 362 431 78 55 SAMSUN PHYSICAL THERAPY AND REHABILITATION CLINIC Reflediye mah. Cihan Sok. Dr. Mehmet Ayd›n Sa¤l›k Kompleksi Samsun T. +90 362 440 00 37 F. +90 362 440 54 20 SAMSUN PULMONARY DISEASES AND SURGERY HOSPITAL Osmaniye cad. 100. y›l Bul. Samsun T. +90 362 440 00 43 F. +90 362 440 02 43 SAMSUN DENTAL DISEASES CLINIC Refladiye Mah. Dr. Mehmet Ayd›n sa¤l›k Kompleksi Samsun T. +90 362 440 00 45 F. +90 362 440 54 17 SAMSUN OBSTETRIC AND CHILDREN NURSERY HOSPITAL 100. Y›l Bul. Samsun T. +90 362 230 91 00 F. +90 362 230 03 96 useful information DAILY LIFE BANKS AKBANK 2. K›s›m Gazi Cad. No: 43 Samsun T. +90 362 435 85 65 www.akbank.com.tr ANADOLUBANK Cumhuriyet Meydan› Kefeli ‹fl Han› No: 10/A Samsun T. +90 362 435 99 73 www.anadolubank.com.tr DEN‹ZBANK Gazi Cad. Göncü ‹flhan› No: 4 Samsun T. +90 362 431 36 96 www.denizbank.com.tr ‹fi BANKASI Kale Mah. Kaz›mpafla Cad. No: 24 Samsun T. +90 362 431 09 00 www.isbank.com.tr 153 VAKIFBANK Kale Mah. Kaz›mpafla Cad. No: 1 Samsun T. +90 362 311 03 30 www.vakifbank.com.tr Z‹RAAT BANKASI Kale Mah. Kaz›mpafla Cad. No: 2 Samsun T. +90 362 432 64 90 www.ziraat.com.tr CARGO SERVICES ARAS KARGO 19 May›s San. Sit. Suo¤lu Cad. No:82 Samsun T. +90 362 266 64 90 - 91 www.araskargo.com.tr YURT‹Ç‹ KARGO Zafer Mah. fievketiye Cad. No: 7 Samsun T. +90 362 233 74 64 www.yurticikargo.com MNG KARGO Esenevler Mah. 20. Sok. No:12 Atakum-Samsun T. +90362 438 97 99 www.mngkargo.com.tr useful information EXCHANGE OFFICES ALAMAN DÖV‹Z Kale Mah. No: 16/A City Center Samsun T. +90 362 432 71 20 SHOPPING CENTERS YEfi‹LYURT ALIfiVER‹fi MERKEZ‹ Atatürk Blv. No: 154 Atakum Samsun T. +90 362 439 25 25 www.yesilyurtavm.com BAUMAX Samsun Mah. No:24 Canik Samsun T. +90 362 238 66 00 MAKRO ALIfiVER‹fi MERKEZ‹ T. +90 362 465 59 01 CULTURE & ART CENTRES ATATÜRK CULTURE CENTER Samsun T. +90 362 432 29 33 154 METORPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY CULTURE CENTER Samsun T. +90 362 435 11 15 THEATRES SAMSUN STATE THEATRE AKM Kale Mah. Atatürk Bul. Samsun T. +90 362 431 50 00 DÜfiEV‹ OYUNCULARI Karadeniz Mah. Mescizade Sok. Seçkin Ap. No:28/1 Samsun T. +90 362 231 78 01 SAMSUN ART THEATRE Karadeniz Mah. Mescizade Sok. Yavuz Ap. No:30/8 Samsun T. +90 362 230 98 70 CINEMAS AFM YEfi‹LYURT Atatürk Bulvar› Yeflilyurt AVM No: 154 Atakum Samsun T. +90 362 439 20 70 MAKRO AVM (OSCAR S‹NEMASI ) K›ran Mah. K›rg›z Sok. No 172 Samsun T. +90 362 465 63 33 GALAXY Karadeniz Mah. Aziziye Cad. No: 6 Samsun Centre T. +90 362 230 68 30 useful information KONAK Gazi Cad. No: 66 Merkez Samsun T. +90 362 431 24 71 LOCAL PAPERS EK‹P GAZETES‹ T. +90 362 431 68 00 F. +90 362 431 67 00 www.ekipgazetesi.com HABER GAZETES‹ T. +90 362 431 30 00 F. +90 362 431 99 44 www.habergazetesi.com.tr ARENA GAZETES‹ T. +90 362 234 52 00 F. +90 362 234 70 70 www.gazetearena.com.tr HALK GAZETES‹ T. +90 362 230 20 40 F. +90 362 230 20 44 www.halkgazetesi.com.tr 155 MANfiET GAZETES‹ T. +90 362 431 36 04 F. +90 362 435 09 07 DENGE GAZETES‹ T. +90 362 420 04 28 F. +90 362 431 55 53 www.dengegazetesi.com.tr OLAY GAZETES‹ T. +90 362 230 46 59 F. +90 362 431 33 47 www.karadenizpostasi.com.tr HEDEF GAZETES‹ T. +90 362 435 13 22 F. +90 362 435 13 52 DEMOKRAS‹N‹N MÜDAF‹ GAZETES‹ T. +90 362 435 22 95 F. +90 362 431 08 13 LOCAL TV CHANNELS KLAS TV T. +90 362 432 23 84 F. +90 362 431 06 66 www.klastv.com.tr useful information KANAL S-AKS TV T. +90 362 230 46 59 +90 362 230 48 98 F. +90 362 230 95 90 www.aksktv.net LOCAL RADIO STATIONS KLAS FM T. +90 362 432 49 23 www.klasfmnet.com SAM FM T. +90 362 233 03 50 F. +90 362 233 03 54 www.samfm.com RADYO ‹LKADIM T. +90 362 431 58 00 www.radyoilkadim.com.tr RADYO ALFA T. +90 362 431 80 13 F. +90 362 432 23 84 www.alfafmnet.com 156 FESTIVALS INTERNATIONAL FOLK DANCES FESTIVAL Date: 23-29 July Place: Samsun HIDIRELLEZ Date: 6 May Place: Samsun WATERMELON FESTIVAL Place: Bafra Date: Last week of August, lasting two days LAD‹K AKDA⁄ PLATEAU FESTIVITY Place: Akda¤ Plateau Date: First week of July YAfiAR DO⁄U FESTIVITY Place: Kavak Date: September TRADITIONAL KARAKUCAK WRESTLING AND HORSE RACES Place: Asarc›k Date: September YEfi‹LIRMAK CULTURE AND ARTS FESTIVITY Place: Çarflamba Date: May 20-23 useful information LAKE REGION FESTIVITY Place: Ayvac›k Date: Summer months HÜSEY‹N DEDE FESTIVITY Place: Alaçam Date: May 7 NEYZEN TEVF‹K CULTURE FESTIVITY Place: Kolay Date: October KÖPRÜLÜ MEHMET PAfiA CULTURE, ARTS AND SPORTS FESTIVAL Place: Vezirköprü Date: The festival starting the first Friday of September lasts 10 days. GOLDEN RICE FESTIVAL Place: Terme Date: June 3-4 BLACK SEA SHORT FILM FESTIVAL Place: City Center Samsun Date: March 23-31 157 TOURISM ACTIVITIES MUSEUMS SAMSUN ARCHAELOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY MUSEUM Fairground Samsun T. +90 362 431 28 68 C Every day except Mondays 08:30-17:30 www.samsunmuzesi.org.tr useful information GAZ‹ MUSEUM Kale Mah. Mecidiye Cad. Samsun T. +90 362 435 75 35 C Everyday except Mondays 08:30-17:30 SS BANDIRMA SHIP - MUSEUM Band›rma Vapuru Do¤u Park Sahili Samsun T. +90 362 238 00 23 www.bandirmavapuru.org 158 THERMAL SPRINGS HAMAMAYA⁄I THERMAL SPRING Ladik Samsun T. +90 362 782 00 01-02 HAVZA THERMAL SPRINGS ASLANA⁄ZI-KIZGÖZÜ THERMAL SPRING In Havza district. MAAR‹F OTEL ‹maret Mah. Thermal Springs Region Havza Samsun T. +90 362 714 10 10 useful information LOKMAN HEK‹M MOTELS ‹maret Mah. Atatürk Cad. Havza Samsun T. +90 362 714 40 82-83 GEOTHERMAL SOURCES Source Temp. oC Flow(l/s Usage Havza 56 17 Thermal S. Ladik 37 18 Thermal S. ECO TOURISM Samsun is one of the cities participating Ecological Agriculture Tourism and Voluntary Exchange Project (TaTuTa Project) organized by Bu¤day Ecological Life Support Association. www.bugday.org MUHTAR’S FARM Çaml›ca Village - Terme - Samsun Özmen family, which is a crowded family, are hosting their visitors in the guesthouse and lodging near their home. Mr. Mehmet, is doing hazelnut farming since 1993. Özmen, who is the president of Terme Organical Hazelnut Producers, is also Çaml›ca Village headman. Özmen family, farming ecologically certified hazelnuts, in a field of 40 decares (thousand square meters), are also producing fruit and vegetables for their own usage. Information & Reservation www.genctur.com Phone: +90 212 244 62 30 WINTER TOURISM AKDA⁄ KAYAK MERKEZ‹ In Ladik district a preferred center for winter sports. Furthermore, it is also possible to do grass skiing during summer months. useful information 159 BIRD WATCHING KIZILIRMAK, GALER‹Ç, LAD‹K, S‹MEN‹T It is possible to birdwatch in K›z›l›rmak which has a great importance for the ecology of Turkey and the World with regards to the number of birds it is sheltering, as well as various bird types are found in Galeriç, Ladik ve Simenit Lake. PARAGLIDING AKDA⁄, KOCADA⁄ The important paragliding centers of Samsun are Akda¤ and Kocada¤. In these centers, easy to access by vehicles, one can do paragliding with the coaching of professional instructors. WATER SPORTS 160 YAKAKENT COASTS Yakakent, with its wilderness as well as idyllic coasts, is one of the important places of the summer tourism. In Yakakent, where is a coastline of 14 kilometers, swimming is possible everywhere. In the district centre there is a coastline of 2.5 kilometers. ALTINKAYA, DERBENT, SUAT U⁄URLU, HASAN U⁄URLU DAMS AND ATAKUM BEACH In Samsun, having reach topography in regards with water sports, one can do various water sports activities at Atakum Beach, Derbent Dam and Ayvac›k Dam. useful information MOUNTAIN CLIMBING AND TREKKING KABACEV‹Z WATERFALLS Kabaceviz waterfalls, with a distance of 32 kilometers to Samsun, 22 kilometers to Tekkeköy district centre, is one of the tourism areas of the region, which is worth to see. The area consisting of three staged waterfalls combination, offers walking, trekking, mountain climbing, picnic and photo safari possibilities. AKALAN WATERFALLS 161 80 km to Samsun city center, 30 km to Bafra, Akalan Waterfalls are the noteworthy natural beauties of the region. There are more than 10 waterfalls successively. Great place for adventure lovers, trekking, mountain climbing and pfoto safari. NEB‹YAN MOUNTAIN The highest point of Ondokuz May›s district is the hill in the south where also Nebiyan Woods are located. Nebiyan Mountain is in a distance of 30 km to the district centre and has the view of a typical Black Sea plateau. In this place also called Nebiyan Plateau, mountain climbing, trekking, plateau tourism, photo safari and birdwatching can be done. Sal›pazar› Ça¤layan Village Waterfalls, Karacaören Waterfall and Karacaören village wooden houses are also noteworthy for trekking and photo safari. The rock tombs in the hazelnut gardens 3 km far from the district center should be visited too. SPORTY FISHING Alt›nkaya Dam, Derbent Dam, Hasan-Suat U¤urlu Dam Lakes, Ondokuz May›s, Bafra Bal›k Lakes, Lake Ladik, Lake Simenit, Yeflil›rmak River and K›z›l›rmak River are important spots. HORSE RIDING Bafra, Kolay, Bafra K›z›l›rmak Bird Paradise, Ladik, Terme, Gölyaz›, Vezirköprü are beautiful spots for horse riding. useful information NOTES