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m m :ı: m ::o v'i Z m c) ::o ~'" i OIJ'l ~m ::tC "tI- ~l/l ::! .... c ...• z IJ'L -m •..•:ı: "Cl !:!~ ~G) nC ı> i m- xo mr 1'0 8, j;, Nn Cl':ı> :1>;0 - i i i i n :ı: D:lm IJ'L C ...• m C -4» -4 :ı::::ı: -4C 'c: -< '-'J i-ı ~» -<-i ı>:::ı: .~: ~ ~ V· As a visitor to the site you'll first want to know what there is for you to see: From about 1(,S0/1600 to 1200 Be, Hartusha of dıe Hittitl's, the head or an Iands of Aııatolia, extending was the Capital City eınpire rhar reached across rhe broao at times even into the north of Syria. The ruins of the city walls and the gates, the temples palaces awaiting the visitor today represent conJitiol1s and the in the 13th century BC, the zenith of the city. Thcrc had been, of coursc, earlier habitation in sertlement the region, here during and there was the later "Phrygian", and Byzamine periods. Although also substantial Hdlenistİc, Roman there are not many remains from these periods to be seen, you will fiııa information about them in this book. ADay in Hattusha .. h • h" 1 • 'A step-by-step tour through the cit)' and the neighboring rock sanctuary of Yazılıkaya. (Ç) 7nn7 ;.:"qP Yayınl,);! and Ji.ı,-qerı Sccher I'.•I.IN 77': R07 [J49'~J "The Hittites, their forerunncrs and their followers. . 155 A brief history of the city and those who have lived here over 'the ("}ı-aphıc past several mil/emıia. Desıgn Savaş Cekiç ~-JrJr'tC'd uy Graphis Matbaa In addition, a synopsis of the archaeological and a bibliography with suggestions research at the site for funher reading are included at the end of the book. P:UrJL:_t'tl!rı Turkl-:'Y by Eqe Yayııları Apı "JU3:1/) Cıllarıgır 80060 1'.;ı,~l1lbul - Tı:r'.iye i PI lU i171 21;9 i);;7rı ="x LO 2121 249 0:ı2C f' mnd: (lbc'-.:ılavldtaypro:ed,Qly A~,ıC'l11 'lat<1C1I S.)k.ık, Many finds from the excavations at Hattusha are on display iıı the SC(Jpf Pdlô~ Museum here at Boğazkale worth avisit! and at the çorum Museum. It's well DI "< "< ., C DI ~ DI .• ::i n - !:! _ O ..•. n~ <'"DI DI O ::a CD •• __ .. •• The rock sanctuary northeast Charles Texıer, lravpler' to vısıi Hattusha the firsı [Fig 126) it did not take long, then, for the relıef sculpture fantasıes of rnany scholars. 19th century bro ught European to ınspıre the Varıous travelers th eir sketchbooks of the - and you take the road (= rock with writing) Yazılıkaya ın 1834 wıth croppings 1.5 km to the leading east towards lics ncstlcd Yozgat. bctwccn rock out- at the foot of the high ridgc east of Hattusha marks the turn-oH). In contrast twü rüoms of this sancruary natural lies about of the Great Tenıple of the Lower City. From the viIIage of Boğazkale The story of the discovery of Yazılıkaya alsa begihs of Yazılıkaya (a sign to thc tcmples within the city. the (Chanıbers A and B), hemmed in by rock faces up to 12 m high, tic opcn to thc skics. i\tthough the site has been in use since the 15th century until the 13th ccntury did thc 10ng proccssion BC at least, not of gad s and god- desses take thcir placc here, chiscIed onto thc rock faccs by Hittite same everı ıheır spades; small excavations place The new medıum of photography sıte earlyon; No one, however, what to make of these many sculpted were The reliefs, reached the by 1861 Jules Delbet photographed same of the reliefs Hıttıtes took practically unknown whıch obvıously portrayed encounterıng led: mcctings knew quıte fıgures; at the time. two groups one anather, were variously of the Amazons the interpre- and the Paphlago- nıans, of the Medes and the Lydians, or of Heracles and Astarte wıth theır folloWNS. later that it was understaad represerıl divinities It was only much that the figures of the 13th century BC. here sculptors. lt apparently Celebration", allause rcprcscnts of the Weather hcld to honor all the panrheon the beginning Tour the "House Gad wherc festivities were at thc <.:oming of thc Ncw Year and of spring. of the Site. The actual rock sanctuary from the outside world by arather plcx. Although reconstruction of thc Ncw Year's impressive only the wall sodc drawing was screencd architectural zone remains in place, gives an idea of how the buildings have looked with the typical eonstruction that was employed mudbrick and timber haıııe here as well (Fig.127). path takes you along past the front of this complex; comthe must waıı Taday the the original entrance, though, was through Fig.128). Another flight of steps mak one intn an open COUft, bor- dered by variolis smail chambers. for ablutions the courtyard. and preliminary Through a gateway oH Apparently with stairs this area was used rites; this is suggested stiıı anather (see Plan by an altar in g<lte with sreps (just abollt where the taıı trees now stand) one would then have entered large Chamber A. the Fig.127 Yilzılıkaya. Reconc.trlJ'.I<l1l (Jr !'IP huıldırıqs LU rJetın alter R N~1l1'iJrı"l i~ front of the rock sanctıı~ri The light east on the reliefs v<Jrıc" greaLy dcıties on the left can be best seen in the late mornıng. naan, and the elimactic the course small Chamber reliefs were carved ımpression served has of which in no trace relıcfs culturos pa1ntings. were wcre fand up bpttpr 12-{~ pm] between mueh amatt, in the early 11 a.m casıer- to see almost whıte 5maller of color once rcmdıns brightly of bright color lıg ht taday, tn :he and 1 p m. The The rock sudaee the much Chamber while af ter- ıs bcs~ lıt in The best you may get from the A, the male c;cene on the baek wall 8 comes orıgınally reliefs although show of the after'1oon newly these on the right Chamber to the and the time of day the goddesses In the large according scason BL. when [same better prc- Furthermore, we assume paınted, nearly in their artwork all ard that early cult The larger Charnher A is ahout 30 nı long, and origilıally !ı;-ıd paving on the f1nor (Figs.129-130). reliefs, chiseled inro panel s running On cithcr side you sce the horizorırally across the natural linıestonc walls. (Figs. 110 and 135 prcsent the numbering scheme Llsed to identify the individı.,," rl'lid,). On rhp left ,ide we h,ıvc malc dcitics (with the exception of rclid Nos. 36 and 37); on the right, female. Theyall b:e the opposite cıııl of the chamber, towards which they appcar to be slowly progressing; and there, indeed, is the elimactie tableau: as leaders of the hol)' processiün, the two supreme divinities, the \\leather gad and the sun goddess greet one another. Ncarly aıı of the gods along the left side of the chamber (Fig.131-132) Theyall are dressed in shan skirts and high pointed hats. wear shocs curling up at the toe, and man)' are arıned with eithcr a sickle-shaped over their shoulder. sword or amace, The mountain which they carry gods are characterized by lung "frilled" skirts (rclicf Nos. 13-15, 16.1 and 17). Several of the gods have square-trimmed beards, and you can pinpoillt in same of their ears. Three gods ,He portrayrd earrings with wiogs: god Pirinkir (relief No. 3 ı), a mooo god (rclid No. 35) and the divine Shaushka "Sun-god (relicf No. 38). Behind of the Heavens" the moon god follo\Vs the (rclicf No. 34) idemificd by a wingcd sun over his head. Conspicııous are two bull-men (relief Nos. 28 and 29; Fig.131); they stand on the symhol for "earth" and sup- any individual portrayed attributes in side profile, and their entire marching straight bodies ahcad, are rigidly whereas the port a crescent ıııoon - the symbol for "the heavens" - over their torsos of the males - in contrast - are rendered in front view, that heads. The only female divinities and is, turned toward the observer. These sex-discriminate gO,d characteristic Kulitta (relief ShaushkJ; Nos. 36 and 37), on the left are Ninatta handl11aidens of the of Hittite relief sculpture in general. they take their place behind him in the procession. The climaetic The stances are female divinities on the right-hand side of chamber seene on the wall at the end of the ehambcr (Fig. 134) portrays a mecting of the two supreme (Fig. l33) are dressed in long plcated skirts and all wear curling- wcather gad Teshub tocd shoes, carrings and high headdresses. (rclicf No. 43). The bearded They display scarce\y divinities, the (relief No. 42) and the sun goddess Hebat god stands on the shoulders of two pbecd oval with a vertica] stroke do\\'n the middk. naınes have yet not been deciphered. ariseTl ovcr the iııterpretatioıı of others. that with all dcitics thcir Hurriarı culture of castcm a straııg İnflucnce (entürjc~ ne:; ~Lvtrdl Anatolia Many of the and somc controvcrsy It is intercsting has to note rıame in writterı. The Hurri~ın and northern over the Bittites qUteii~ \Vti"c- ()f ;vlcsopotaınia hel d during the 13th and 14th i lurııan baı.:kground. mountain gods and earries a large maec. At some distanee behind him appear two figurcs standing on ıııountain peaks, one pruhably the wf'ather god of Hatti (rclid No. 41) and one probab!y to be identified as Kumarbi (relicf No. 40). The sun goddess alsa wears a plcated skirt and high headdrcss. Shc stands on the back of a wild cat that stands in turn on a series of four mountain peaks. Behind her - half hidden by her skirt - is a prancing wearing the high pointed hat of the gods; its cOUllterpan bull can be seCll behind the skirt of Teshub. Behind Hebat eomes Sharumma, son of the divine pair, again pbecd standing on mountain on the back of a wild feline peaks. Two female figures follow him: his sister "lanZll and an other gir!, a granddaughter two stand together over a doublc-headed of Teshub. These eagle. Many figures in the prOl.:ession are iderıtified by inseriptions Luvian hieroglypics lınder the reliefs Law bcnch- and pedcstal-like projections whieh might have been ıısed to display offerings and decor were left protruding from the rock face at variolis intcrvals (Figs.131- 133). The long stone ledge at the left (belaw figures Nos. 25 in' in front of their faees or over their out- stretched ~lrms. On top stands thc sYl11holfor "god", a horizontally through 33) displays three large rectangular dcpressions outer edge; these may have held eult aecessories, for example. at the ineense bumers ~s""),,,~-;" .--' ~"-. -....•. ";':~..~::2:·~~·::, "~"~~,:jJi~._~,-,:;~~·':.~,_::.: ;;:",.,..,.. .- '::":"'~<::""~:;:·f~:5::'!:.:~~~:·~,·:' -:~~:::.;:.: " ":~~'..<,~..: i i 1--, ' _.r I, _ i ,-. i ! I, I I, The order of the gods along the left si de of Chamber A 1-12 :'... '/ci'.c· 9uu':, r,l~ijr~S f,-ort !:W" :ıi (he Uırj('r\,'v:,/lc short ırı ;kr:?, Twclve ıdenlııot nCJ'-I.Y ~rıd hıgh renteri hat; I,'J In theır rıchı hCd'd' ti"'€y hO.d aöıc~le'5haped fP!.;! ,n 'ho:'.>ı'- '''ı'f-.. C::lı;tıı/iDr("", 'h!:.,_ ::-3':':-:' re·...".' c· t',vd'.'':' JppC'JtS ;Ijr""i~'d !'i !:!;::;~t;::.ı c r-r"<!ı!!')"ı t~;::ı t!""": rT1dlE 30 th a h~rn at U-'e sword whıcı sw')Cd ovu Cf>i::liT""':b~i B as '.'\'e~l. '//!ı:?re :t 31 rrıO\~n~,~1n ~O'J::'. b~,::ı"'df:rl fıgııre.:; v/eanng the 5a'Y1e horol?d 32 :utt "~erıqq: :;;~<'1 ts 'f.'ıtb frıtls visual.y s'y'mbolıze moun~.-1jns .:lnrl corıngo; r'.Jat:""it--s ın hıpr()gı~/:)hıcs fn::-ıt yef re::ognızecl "~lL') \4 ,-J"ıd g-::·c. A ınale "i(jJfe skırt and Fo pJınt::?d 18-22 Fıve d!vınıl eSNı:h no IdentıfıcatJn. A.I wear Ihe Iypıcal srort skırl anı hrgn pmred hdl \~·ih hxos. bul Nos 20 and 22 boast a I?ng Upi-?fl r":lOdk ür sr1dv,/1 as well. Ncs. 18 a~d 21 öre armec with maces. 25-27 T ..... ~,:., bfdı(h:d Y'J(L 11\ '.,lı~Ht '"')kırh cFld piJllıt;~u hdtS. B~)th G.Jrrv ~nan!'::;. ;;ınc No. 'L4 ,JlSc; ru:: a c.oJk. ~J;:ırn('s written atıove theır eXl~T1df'r; ldl dım::; lıa·/e ·ıc.ıt vet. ~J('en decıphered 34 pr'esı::rved for Nu 2J, r~') iL; ITırty be the ~prlPisrı,:.:ı.shrlpı. No 27 O,ho!ı1dhe N·:rg,JI god of the l;ndcrworld crealures wlth [,3 rfı:ıangie the hndquaı'ters wıth (Iocble -~.,kv Le::: cl unknol/v'rt gad Di prcterj1cn, deer' ry)d, .A fTH1e hcrns ;IÇtJr? ',Nfn! n~ " ",c CJrrıes J slckle·srapEd ru.lI'll·1(j €'xte","o~s c.re~Lerıt of a oull at ('ıther rnGun! The war god Ashıabı wıth hurrı;, '-iı:= A Illclf 'ıgure ın a sh~rt skırl ane ooınt~d c.:d",·le; d ~lckte ..~tıaoecJ sW:)rd G·•..cr- hi:. rıqht but wıth A ma!e f,gu'en a ~ong -cbe and sha",ıl 35 A 11100" 90d. A beJıded fıgu'e 1'1 a horned OOll1tec hat. a short skırı a,d a long shaw!. A cre5cent mo:)n sil'; atcp hı" hat. and wıngs rıse f: orn /IIS shouıders 36-37 N,,,,,tl,, dred Kulittd, dl'''''U''~~:', ol tlıe goc Sh,)ıy,hk" /1;0 381 Two fernale fısures 'Nen' ıng bl OlhP:'; and [on~ :)ler31p.u s..ı..ırl~ 8on) have round (aps, No. 36 carrıes wrat seems to be a mırror ın ıer rght hand. wh te No. 37 holds whaı 15 probably a vıai ol salve or oirılnent. Thıs ratreı deep- set ;'dicf prcscrves ~on'e 0~ tt-e orig nril surfa(p 2rıa C\.~ "Sur ·God of the Heave'ls eap and 'n hıs rıght hdnd " k'lg s:ôlf or wand [Iıtuus) that spırats cpward a: the tower end. The creseent, s'ldped gr ip of a 5wcrd urut! uc'es ucl.uw hj~ uIJlstretched left arnı A stZlr lık e sun dısk b0twC'en ;:ı widr ollts;:;rC',1ri nair of \:\Itngs fl.:);::ıt:; over rıs hea,j. 38 appdrently "urnan 101'50 dnd arms. You can make oul t~eır tultd laıl', lucked beween theı' hınd legs r~ey mııst be the Bulıs of Ihe IledHIs, HJI'! and Sheıı; they sland ün the symbollor ··earth· 2-f'rrılJullor Ilıy O~ hıs head is a rounded Thre~ 90% jressed !rı short skıı!, and pınteu hal> All earry s·Nord:. ct ıer theır rıght s.'loutders Ne nar:i: IS 1'f10 .b.'l hat slcklp.-sh.::l:Jec1 28-29 V';t:'.:jL shouldcr 16a-17 :'.'vc rncn.nlJın 00dC; bc'arjcd f gures wear'ng frilled skıds and p"""'led c,al,. bent foıwaır! Thanks lo cl .Clyer of deposil, por!, of 1\0 ı 6,~ ın parl.ıcular ha\ie S-I.frvıved ır. espec allı gooc (ondıtıon, The IlcHlle::ı !ıcıit' rıu~ yt'! lH~E'; ·.h:uph:~ı ed 23-24 rr,Jle figL.J-:- LJ Vı.'earlng rı short 'Ial. H·s 'lanı€, has r;c:. yet been deci~'lcrcd. UrıU[-.:'rıııflE'd :"'xı cJpp,J;~':·i-t:)· vn.::rn-ı(d SI'ürt ski1t and poı'ıted nat wth sword over h s 'grıt shoclder 33 16 The yoC! Pırınk,! shor: ,;kı-~ and::; raund cap. VJil"jS >ise steep\y from h:s shoulders f'·at.=, n'eır ::ıC:.C\ITıpan'y' hıs riqht shouldC" r'.~'''tp ["',"ınfln] h.-:rk,.~,ı~rrlc:. j';=ı.:::' 13...15 rh~t?f' ı~ Mcst lıkely the WJr goo ZABA3A Hcsr.u"1 A rr.;:ı"culn" fıgıır0 wparıng a shorl skırt and r0 nted nat and cilCryıns ? sıckle shaped Shaushka. a~ alternatıve emb:ıdıınent ol Ihe yodaess Ishtdr /i Illale tıqure wıth horned poınted hat. a shcrt skır! and an over'skııt whıc~ talls ın multıple Irüm 'ııs sh~ulders. falds, as wetl as a cloak. Wıngs rıse sleeoly endi and hJld Iho over tt'~ır heads 39 Ea, Ihe G~d of Wısdom short skırt .:ınd rJ lonq shoulder. A bearded fıgure wılh hürned poınted haL. doal·c He cJrrres a mace ever rııs rıght 45-46 The climactic scene on the end-wall of Chamber A 40 M.~;~,ıpr'~',bcbl_\' the Jn~-: ~<,lJr.ld' !:ııA r.:,.]!I-..t'".'c 1--1.::;1,.3 shoıl. ::.kırt Jrld.:; cı::ıav. tı Hlelle Jf m~i.(>-::jUt til,? crec:Jent rJ '\lan;:::lj.t.ır ,1?lj9r,~rr 0rar:djaL.ghte~ a high 'Int'ı T=:;hiib;nd-ieh;:L :.,1 Gf i eshub iV'ic f21--ı.);·; ~'y' ;:h~(':-:,n"";);::.n;(-rl 7ıqur(:, thp ;n tO'-lg ~;(,JIC'd :'~ ıris d',j b\ous',::.s ne: as :di\ or fL)'~'.·lnqas tnat cd Het'at Frr)'n undu !I,!:.'-r IH!JI' ,ı~d(jdr e:-:ı:t:~ - '2~~fırılilrn~! PH; w()! n t::! ;....eh~l - ri B~!ıH'ld ~1:,,,\'Irl~ h-?ll ycu can ~;lJ!)rc, "V"(J1Uf~iS" Ih.::ıt rep;p:-;f'r~t s·, ..rnç-i.ıkP t'9u·e t(ı,?[-ded He stands on t'-~~,O h:çh ht; :TounLwıs SI Jr [':::ın'] li,,'r :j:::ıs':::enc~ to ~hi? \ ia;:ı -The t'I!O ~,t;:ırj abo\ie tO)!? ct ô dc,~)b!.e-headed eagl2 ITICI?'? p, "bciLlv "he ,'J,cJthe·· qnc d -ialt, A bear1pd fl'lur c VJ th 03 onırted ':.':'::~I·:J s:~~'!'"''J t"_~!~ ":; ;..<ı!-t!- ..,:.,ı:": Hı:> ',',',a~rc;: ,=ı :;:,hn," ~krrt !-,,~:t ~_:;;':::: Thr. (Jı)(~:k"~:~p':' ii (;i-'ııpr~i 'iı'-.ıı,;-r.j ,rı U'_~~,·.f;;;"ll ylljJ, h·:-; r ghı, I'ııjiıü cl :3r~if m?:::e, dnj le tt ii hı:, ::·t2fl :.'1 liF1I_C"). Lıke No <40:'w stand s en two mrıunlcJln hı? ~;~-,d,; r~,p'::;:~~:~r-~t ~h(1: .?l l~ng prar.p:=.sinr., th("~y ,'lll'ht"or pı..;.Jks Si\ırts. bdts, 42 Th,::.v.'edthL'I· '~<)d-::"-ln1t', liiqh hat c)ôc)rn2d wıt'ı rrescent /\ ırCı!!)' qrı:.' ın hıs tiPU ciL. Old!. ~.k'ardcd flQUr2 wilh a shcrt skırt 3'ld a hcrns -1e :arr "_"-,Ll ,:,hnrı svvora hı') left; ın hıs rıgtıl hdııd iN h-ıı,~r-, a fteu J P' dncirlf~ bdt -.vt;ı,Jr·'ng tt12 heJt ::ıi dvır.ıt,/: J(".:c'!l~nc1nyınr.~IrIs,=rıpt1ol' i he ıelıd Iıgure'?, r'-ks 1 t::ı 42 all f..:ıcr>to your rı(~ht. No':, fPprl?:se'lt thE nE'.:·!l ...• '] nj lh·? two mos~. honcred thcı'- pl,l('(' cıt :hE t'cad d .'lntltes 43 (Jf h~.'/) c:ıntını::en:~ The sun goddess H"bat. D,lennlp Wdı'-:>t 3ll ~ace to yoıır Id0n~ılı(;:ıtırın 44 bııll (iiLi 'Nhor?~'; ı.uwJrrj lIıı.;;-lT'(hırl'j s~arıd wıth theır en tıre :h~ Ic)r-;os -,:ıl lr::ı:;t thF. chests fronıal\'y' (u·· .•. -cu :)/1 the TıCW'"! sc;.:-r~c iJnd this qeddE'S5 (new :0'- pre:::ıcr~'aLionı~h:::ren!.J~-:>i h;ri~ :.JCDIJi·dl.c Llücks. lw?ıı :;:ilı rT:r!rp k]ur(~s One :JtC'ık whı'-:" cUl.le ~j[:)od here IS (ın cısplay ın the B09c?kale M.Jselım "1i:Ne C'ICJirldilv i~nort~-,~'{sl'ıP. goddes,-,Ic,ht,ır fıguı e 'NeJClng ., tull btouse and A lon] behınd 1 sugges- o' h~if falls down IVvl'::" Teshub. sor of Hebat "ne 'ght ~Lf- wears Nıth ~ lıne of hor ns up tre Iront back. 'J"d 111hrs beli h, carrıes h~r 49 Tr2 »cddcss 1\llotu. The n,che jlsflJrrr:ng cul rnto t'ıP rock i~c" ın posl-I--ıtlı>e Iı'JI I·,e hıer(ıglyprıc ın "IIS left nand ~ a udutC Ildnd Sharrucoma ucpıcter.1 ıesnuh. a short skrt hN hp,ıo mw,; I·.~vc he?n t·mes the only Male ın the F.nd cl poın:ed c\ 10'1g twıst of h31r tilll" a crecocen>haftec ,JX€'. Hp, lDO, of a \,'ııld '::2l, i,he t<Jil of 'Nr-ııcr ascerds i~ dtx'\."/ tJ2CI-<S, thcır lcft tItrE' rC'fT'al'lS \..ndEClpherL'd r:ıroce<:,s'on to tiıe \,"vhıch ll-c Ji"lC PGssrCJ!ythe goddes3 Taru Tak;tu· cnly the .dertıfv1ng heroglyoh'" are preser·.ıed: t· ..•e iıgure ıt~>?tf ("as be-?n badiy daTıaqc,<j. lnserted vvallec U:J left nf thF Sh(~ ıs çoısed on :he back of a large w-ld fetıne, The ged Slıarl·umrna. : 1\)'lt (IL. 1'-'1'~c:J f~orrı ın the rocı.c, Ii::,su:-e betweer. ~nrl L.3 whıcJ' s:ands ın :Lrr: O'ı iGur lO,,!·)h:lJ::. RflhıflO her iS a (Gur.terpart 10 :he pldrrLlıg 46a rınd female ÇI ~,kırt. b'2lkd. Sh'.:' wears <1hıgh h-?addres-; tıvı::ı ci bd'_tlem'=:i~::, :::ına n:y wall bJck tcı :hr /ı) '~p;_'n 1-'11<,:li-\'" "ı:ı.::ı;rl h<ıtr (.:ıil,; :bl!Jn the:r 1\ I'NI:;~ of - of the f1l3le fıgures app€3r deıues. 'Nh:::ıt;:ıke ot ma Thcı İi(J'.Jre; fo·iJ\i~/I·ı(~ ~·Jo /I:~thLS a lcwg Pll'dtC:i ın ~n ıt ıs ıdentifici bull (.:.a.f o; Tpc,h.Jb' ;;s 'thE thp shav,ı(s or- d0ah,:~ ane the hUh ~"::rlddrP:.;SP~ lıa:1l::?nıenls bO::;IE~ d~~JıCıt:d ın pofılp. ,Y':, mDunt<'1ln god5 1'1 (ib,üJy :\~2mnl and Lnzı - hy tr.e tv pe "of ,;~ıd tl-ıı: :dlfd ::;,t.;:rl.~..,I'H>,' ','.'(:31" 8?hmd T(.::.;lı,Jh·~,lpI)S can be ,:,f,:-:n h,..,f,.-l' ı' ~t Lll ıiıe tU'.:-, ·ui.l I.cnqth Ll::ı r>J',)le'Northyheıe as w,,:L is '.lıa~ dlı ferrales T~J(~e Hp :ı'aııJ~ on the :;~oIJlder;;; d two te2:rrl.;~li fıgures :dent~hdl blouses, curLng ':,;100S 111'11'1lrlıldl fprr;::.!e; 3 "'ıd tht~Y ~,tanj '..•. Jtth th~ r rıg'"'t h.:ınd::, ('~:'_C'ndcd1'1 fısts tlı u holci~ he r e,;:>~rl1ble ff-'V'1f·.I' i rk2 tl:,", '1c.:nd~ lwo mountam swrFri on hıs ~tdndı:ı on the bae"" aln10st vertıcöUy. "ulde, a leash atlddl~J hat uown hıs. iıı hıs rıght to the neck of the fel1ne. peaks, Twc more '"elıe! fıglIres can/ed or se::Jarate blocks et stüne must have stood between NJ':,. ~,~ Jrıd Jb Relief Number 64: The Great King Tudhaliya ıv. The Iargest relicf figure in the sanetuary opposite the dimaetic goddesses (Fig.136). stands 011 [he \vall scene, at the end of the procession Rcpresenred here, as indicated, of is no god, pectful distance - the meeting of the gods, as if he \Vas pa~'iııg his respects to the highesr deities. For this reason as well we assume it was this Great King who was responsible menrs of the Yazdıkaya century Be. This relief, protected sanetllary around the middle of the ı3th by nature with a natural patina - alayer of limc deposit - is less weathered. year raund, for the final arrange- bm in mid-june It lies in shadow most of the - just at the beginning of suınmer - it receivcs same direct suıılighr for ,1 short time in the Iate after- noons. The appearance of the King is almost exactly like that of the sun god as represented here (rclief :--Jo.34) and in the Hieroglyph Chamber of the Upper Ciry (see Fig.96); he wears a long robc and a cloak, shocs curling at the toe, and a roLlnded cap. In his left hand he holds a !ituus, a wand curving up at the lower end; the crescent-shaped hi!t of a sword protrudes figure stands on two roıınded a scale-pattern. from his cloak. The obiects designated as mountains by Over the king's extended right haml is chiseled his name and full title in hieroglyphic symbols arranged as a cartouchc (d. relicf No. 83 in the smailer Chilmher B the center is the name - the hieroglyphic !ike a high boot (ring on its bad; of a bearded moııntain = Fig.143): bclow at sign "tu" - which looks above thi<; the re is the sYl1lbol güd in a frilled skirt and a high püinted hat; both right to and Idt inscribed !Ll!JLlrn,ı A the the LS the ;ınd Idt - insignia "Great King" (a smailer winged demans in reIief (Nos. 67-68) stand outside the passage 137). for the B. Two Iion-headed and framİng this - at the far right into Chamber (a dagger channe! the roek provides entry title over a bIossam), narrow through With guard arım (hg. threat- eningiy raised, they seetll to high he protecting the entranee. eane lınder a volute); and abovl' the entire sign floats a winged double sun. The chanıber, Two deities in re· lief (Nos. abollt 18 m long, is 4 111wide at the 65-66) norrlı enel, na rrowing to 2.5 stand İn poor prescr- (Fig. ı38). vatİoıı on the nosc- m at the sollth !ike protrusion Tht: f,ıı:es of the stl'cply of the rock face jııst right of rising high walls at the sides the entranee to Chamber A (ct. Fig.13U). A were Idt natural, triınming Fig.137 male figurc in a high Yi17l1lkrlva. One of he de~ıüns [relıe! no 681 ;ıL the cntrance poİnred hat sits opposite a femaIc figure in a high reetangıılar to Chamler S relief sculpture headdress. Between the m wİth the sign for Jeİty, but what follows İs illegible. unexcavated This relief ma>' have been related to the large fissure whieh deep into the rock to the right of it. Excavation prnved lInable to provide Cıııes to i littite cıılt ritua!. here is l11uch was with the cleft unforrunately The better prcservcd beı.:aııse the chamher İs a table or sacrificiaI altar. The naınes above bath figures bcgin penetrates withoııt or paring. within us with many ı9th earth partly and fillcd reınained until the mid century. We assLltne chamber the Grcat \Vas ,1 that memorial this to King Tudhaliya Fig.139 A HoIlılo "t;ıIL:e h,y,o 0Prh,lrc, olıgln'lı; lr"m Yanı kd'ld r:h"rrbpr B ;ıı LV erected by his son Shupiluliuma II, who set up a slatue of his procession of gods (relid Nos.I-12) in the brger Chamber A, brlıer here. The large limestone black by the entranee at the nort- they wear shırts, belts, short skirts .'Ind shoes curling up at the toe. Iıem end of the ehamber They each carry a ereseent-shaped eould "veli have been the base of tlıe statue. A large basalt slab of the same dimensions, bearing the o- ver-life-size fect of a statııe, was faund in the neighboring of Yekbas/Evrcn and transported viIIage tue itself must have stood at least 3 nı Iıigh. earved Figs.140 to the figures The God Sharrumma Tudhaliya to the right of the entrance a line of gods of the Underworld and 143). Identİcal hats that identify them as divinities. to the Boğazkale J\'1tıseıım gar- den in 1981 (Fig.139). Judging from the size of the feet, the sta- On the wall immediarcly and the horned roinıed s\\'ord flung over the shoıılder, (relief Nos. Was· 69-80; at the end of the striding forward with the Great King IV under his arın (relief No. 81; Figs.141 and 143). The divinity Sharrumma, the patron of Tııdhaliya IV, İs depicred as an eseort of the Grent King (nfter his death?), who carries the same long curling wand (a litulls) as he does in Reliei Number 64 With these three rclicfs Great King TlIdhali~'a IV representations. IS the sole human being represemed among the gods in the whole of the m:o chambers. The Sword God, or the god Nergal of the Underworld No. 82; Figs.!42-143). This most lInusua! iconography depicts an ııpriglıt ,word w!th the pomme! on the hi!t above fashionca a nde (relief imo head wearing the tali horned and pointed hat of the gods. He wears a ring in his ear, and his ha İr falls Jown the back of his neck. In place of arms and shoulders are the foreparts of two crouching linns, facing Oııt\vards. The hilt itself is Fig.141 Cha:TifE:r [. cJt ''jiiJiiı·kaYd ı:pd (:',h,?ı~::~jn~''''na Iretief Ttıi': :Jn?et t\ıııq T udl-a~jya 1\/ ,il thE etııb-ace of the by t\VO lions formed rı,:)_ 81J with teeth ponrayed in the main chambcr, and is dressed the same, again wearıng a bared, vertically as if creepiııg down long robe with a shawl, a rounded cap and shoes curling up at the two Bclow the toe. hi lt is a vertically Sharnımma, portrayed at a noticeably larger scale, w€aı;s a·· sides. shorr skirt with a helt, and a twist of hair falls dow n his back. bed Both figures carry sh ort s\Vords with sickle-shaped rowards nınuna 's Idt arın is thrown araund the King's breast to grasp the wrist of his upraised hilts. Scharshoulders and tali homed hat of the gad appears a cartoııche rib- narrowing the point which is not depicted; right hand. Behind the with the name and titles of the king. At the far right the sign for" hera" bl ade, the has been . there nıight have heen a podium agaİnst the rock (ace here. added here; the insignia also differs from those of the king here in relief No.S3 the and rclief No.64 ideogra ın for .:_,ı.,;,-_,.::O':'O;··:""X~'i:"'(.:;:~" - ._.:"':::::~:·z·:,~~;r·'~\::o '. -~~'~iT~~~~[J~:~~:-~·:~.'·;-:c:: in the main chamber "mou Ilta in god" rep laccs the in that pictoria i Fig.142 Chember B at Yazıcıkaya. Nccqal of the Underworld The 'Sword God, [retıe' no 821 -....-:==..-~--,"".,' {,~ji:~/Y.~)'i~'.:-~~~: ;;i /! .1/ i " _ ....' ~,. ! \:\ Cartouche with the name and titlc of the Great King Tudhali-. ya LV (relief No. 83; Fig.143). This cartouche is for the greatest part like that next to the large relief of the King in Chamber (relid No. 64). Under a winged sun \ve see the name in the center; it ıs Cüınposcd of the hieroglyphic sign for "tu" rescnıblcs a high boot Iying hcel downward) • •• .• a lıearıleıl ınountaın A . rn 1 (whid1 under a pictograın l' i i . of tt. goo \\'carıng a rumeo SKırr ano nıgn n,J[ blossoın)j for "!abama" and finally at the exteriar (a dagger above a left and right, the title "Great King" (a high cone under a volute). This cartouche A brief history of Hattusha/ over the millennia. This chapter atteınpts to present .1 b.ıckground have bern meant to identify the cult statue that hypothetically Hattush,ı/Boğazköy. In case the ruins awaken stili hırther curio- sity, a bibliographic appendix lists sources Hattusha, or Boğazköy, The Landscape. Cappadocia. niches (Fig.14 i ) \vhere offerings might ha ve been placed. Assunıing that the eult statııe onee stood at the north end of which tlıe reliefs face as well, one might think that the original entranee should have bem in the southem part of the chamber. Ho\vever, what must have been anatural· opening in the sidc here was obstructed the large blOl.:ks you see in plaee today. with more JdaileJ information. Central Anatolia, In the rock faee at the h,ıek of the room there are three deep towards for your visit to may stood at the north end of the chamber. the chambcr, Boğazköy 1 ,ULU holding a nıace in his raised right hand; to both the Irh and the right then coınes the symbol The Hittites, their forerunners and their followers already in Hittite times by Within a dry contilH:ııtal dimatic steppe-vegetation; lies in northcm just at thc north cdge of the ancient region of zone, wc see scant over so me large areas there is scarcely a tree in sight. The winters are long and cold; the summers rdativcly short,