Untitled - Dilsem Dil Kursu
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Untitled - Dilsem Dil Kursu
Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu 2012 EKİM ÜDS SORULARI 6- ORTAK BÖLÜM Countries need to utilize the full scope of appropriate policies to maintain financial stability in the face of shocks to avoid abrupt economic ----. A) B) C) D) E) 2- 3- 8- hostile naive obscure notorious profound regretfully anxiously voluntarily adversely coincidentally advanced / was dominated had advanced / has been dominated advance / must be dominated were advancing / is dominated have advanced / could be dominated The first known idea of the stars ---- to a sphere, or hemisphere, rotating around us ---- to Anaximenes of Miletus in the 6th century BC. A) B) C) D) E) to fix / had been attributed being fixed / is attributed fixing / has been attributed to be fixed / will be attributed having fixed / was attributed 10. - 17. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. adopt consume withdraw relieve illustrate 10- Recent research on the psychology of infants has made a compelling case ---- the view that new-borns come into the world already equipped ---- a lot of innate knowledge. In a 'chemical reaction' operation, different chemical elements ---- changes to one another to produce new compounds. A) B) C) D) E) was originating / lived originates / has been living originated / had been living had originated / could have lived is originating / was living In general, the political ideas of classical liberalism ---- rapidly in the nations of Western Europe, whereas Eastern Europe ---- by autocratic monarchies. A) B) C) D) E) 9- look up to run out of do away with cut down on come up with The word ‘acupuncture’ ---- from a Dutch physician, William Ten Rhyne, who ---- in Japan during the latter part of the 17th century. A) B) C) D) E) Whatever your age and your circumstances are, the best way to minimize any health risks is to ---- healthy habits. A) B) C) D) E) 5- provisions similarities opportunities fluctuations precautions Public health strategies regarding nutrition are based largely on a biomedical model of diet that requires individual consumers to comply ---- with dietary advice. A) B) C) D) E) 4- 7- The brain allows you to cope masterfully with your everyday environment and is also capable of producing breath-taking athletic feats and ---- scientific insights. A) B) C) D) E) More than 40 per cent of men show signs of baldness between the ages of 20 and 49, but studies on genomes of this group have failed to ---- a potential cure. A) B) C) D) E) 1.- 9. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. 1- 0 222 221 41 02 A) B) C) D) E) call off bring about put out turn over throw away of / from towards / by on / through for / with about / in 1 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu 11- Dental Public Health is the non-clinical specialty of preventing and controlling dental diseases, delivered ---- a target population or a community ---- a regional or national basis. A) B) C) D) E) 16- Several studies have recently shown that, ---popular stereotypes, most grandparents do not wish to take on a parental role toward their grandchildren. A) B) C) D) E) with / at in / over to / on by / for from / through by means of owing to contrary to for the sake of in addition to 17- Human beings will always be smart enough to manipulate their environment ---adapting to it. 12- None of the agricultural developments of the 20th century is ---- more significance than the rapid advance ---- the use of engines. A) B) C) D) E) 0 222 221 41 02 A) B) C) D) E) by / through with / at about / for to / over of / in because of in terms of in spite of rather than such as 13- The introduction of the new ideas that led to the Renaissance in the late 15th century sparked a change of mind-set ---- people began to look more towards reason than faith to find answers. A) B) C) D) E) unless in case whether even if as 14- ---- commonly associated with hot and dry environments, reptiles are found in a wide range of habitats and climates around the world. A) B) C) D) E) Although Now that When Since Just as 15- Many teenagers suffer from acne, which is triggered by hormonal changes at puberty, ---- it usually clears up as they reach their 20s. A) B) C) D) E) thereby but if because once 2 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu 0 222 221 41 02 18. - 22. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. 23. - 27. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. The attempts, first by British warships and then troops, to force the Dardanelles in 1915 (18)---- one of the most fascinating and controversial campaigns of World War I. The Allies hoped to pass through the Dardanelles, drive Turkey out of the war and provide assistance through the warm water ports of the Black Sea (19)---- a hard-pressed Russia. Winston Churchill insisted on war, (20)---- his senior naval colleagues objected. It was the first major amphibious operation in modern warfare, using aircraft and photography (21)---- radio communications and submarines. Its lessons, positive as well as negative, (22)---- by the British planners for Normandy and even in the Falklands conflict of 1982. Water recycling is reusing wastewater to save both energy and the environment. Landscape irrigation, cooling processes in oil refineries and dust control are (23)---- the most common non-potable (not for drinking) purposes. Recycled water can meet most water demands (24)---- it is adequately treated to ensure water quality. In situations where people are overly (25)---- to recycled water, they are more likely to contract diseases. However, no documented cases of human health problems (26)---- contact with recycled water have been reported. As such, demand for recycled water is increasing very rapidly, and with no doubt, it (27)---- many recycling projects across the world in following decades. 23- 18A) B) C) D) E) intend surrender destroy submit constitute A) B) C) D) E) upon over with about among A) B) C) D) E) so that as long as even though as if whereas A) B) C) D) E) exposed objected devoted sentenced entitled A) B) C) D) E) as well as rather than as opposed to instead of due to A) B) C) D) E) has been prompting is prompting will be prompting was prompting had been prompting 2419A) B) C) D) E) to upon within about at 25- 20A) B) C) D) E) unless though moreover since thus 26- 21A) B) C) D) E) because of just as in terms of along with in spite of 27- 22A) B) C) D) E) are studied may be studied were studied must be studied have been studied 3 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu 28. - 37. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. 0 222 221 41 02 31- If galaxies pass near each other or converge, ----. A) they would have surely caused a great cosmic collision B) the proximity between them is not always stable due to movements in space C) the process was usually accompanied by other phenomena D) they can be reshaped by each other’s gravitational forces E) the Milky Way Galaxy has existed for millions of light-years 28- No matter which approach scientists use to develop vaccines, ----. A) some diseases respond perfectly well to early treatment B) more and more infants are being vaccinated against measles throughout the World C) the vaccine against yellow fever is one of the most effective ever produced D) they must start by conducting basic research on a range of experimental formulas E) vaccines are also recommended for those who are food handlers or international travellers 32- When asked who they really are, ----. A) many ideas about the mind are derived from scholastic principles B) contemporary philosophers see people as the embodiment of their minds C) most people will try to describe their behavioural characteristics or ways of thinking D) it might be thought that self-esteem is totally responsible for one’s rational decisions E) the soul is defined as the cognitive and immortal self of a person by psychologists 29- Although creativity has long been considered a gift of a select minority, ----. A) psychologists are now revealing its seeds in mental processes that all of us undergo such as decision-making B) journalists in particular can come up with effective techniques that break down people’s established viewpoints C) idea generation is indeed the first important stage of originality, which helps in the workplace a lot D) the contributions of creative thought can directly translate into career advancement as well as financial rewards E) researchers have recently discovered the mysteries of exceptional creativity exhibited by the artists of the Age of Enlightenment 33- Eczema is an allergic skin reaction to a wide range of external and internal irritants, ----. A) whether fish oil is an effective therapy for this condition requires more research B) although studies show that ill people suffer from higher levels of anxiety C) however it can be difficult to identify the exact cause in some cases D) whereas it commonly appears on the hands, arms, elbows and knees E) if patients are encouraged to learn how to resist the urge to scratch 30- Once the immune system has weakened, ----. A) it is not clear why some people get recurring infections B) a virus can overcome the body’s primary defences and cause colds and flu C) antibiotics will only be suggested if there is another bacterial infection D) taking painkillers will probably ease the early symptoms of the disease E) one can use menthol products to help clear a runny nose 34- ----, Pythagoras developed both scientific and eccentric theories about the physical universe. A) Even if new inventions had replaced the tools that were used in prehistoric times B) Since he was favoured neither by the public nor by any influential government authorities C) Despite having computed the distance between the Sun and the Moon D) Because Greece was threatened by an invading army E) In addition to figuring out useful things related to triangles 4 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu 0 222 221 41 02 38. - 41. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi, Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. 35- Stress and worry are common triggers for insomnia, ----. A) if it contributes to daytime tiredness which could be responsible for accidents B) thus people who are struggling with difficult issues are particularly vulnerable to it C) while attempts to restore a normal sleep pattern through exercise may fail D) as sufferers try to follow a routine by going to sleep and getting up at the same time E) but it is doubtless that it affects many children and their parents as well 38- Specialists suggest that patients who complain about joint pains stemming from calcification should take short walks regularly or apply to alternative medicine methods like hydrotherapy. A) Uzmanlar, planlı bir şekilde kısa yürüyüşler yapmanın veya su tedavisi gibi alternatif tıp yöntemlerine başvurmanın, hastaların kireçlenme yüzünden yakındıkları eklem ağrılarını ortadan kaldırdığını dile getiriyor. B) Uzmanlar, hastalar kireçlenmenin yol açtığı eklem ağrılarından yakındıklarında onlara sık sık kısa yürüyüşler yapmalarını veya su tedavisi gibi alternatif tıp yöntemlerine başvurmalarını tavsiye ediyor. C) Uzmanların, kireçlenmenin neden olduğu eklem ağrılarından yakınan hastalara tavsiye ettikleri şey, belirli aralıklarla kısa yürüyüşler yapmaları veya su tedavisi gibi alternatif tıp yöntemlerine başvurmalarıdır. D) Uzmanlar, kireçlenmeden dolayı eklem ağrıları olan hastalara, bu ağrılardan daha fazla yakınmamaları için sık sık kısa yürüyüşler yapmalarını veya su tedavisi gibi alternatif tıp yöntemlerine başvurmalarını tavsiye ediyor. E) Uzmanlar, kireçlenmeden kaynaklanan eklem ağrılarından yakınan hastalara, düzenli olarak kısa yürüyüşler yapmalarını veya su tedavisi gibi alternatif tıp yöntemlerine başvurmalarını tavsiye ediyor. 36- ----, there are some species of tortoises that have probably never encountered any open bodies of water in their lifetimes. A) Even though most of them live both on land and in water B) Since our planet hosts many land animals with differing characteristics C) Just as crocodilians lay eggs in nests near the water D) Whereas deep-sea fish live in a world with no light whatsoever E) When it is difficult to distinguish seals from sea lions 37- Many scientists maintain that susceptibility to autism is inherited, ----. A) as certain autistic individuals display incredible talents in very specific domains B) whether there is a connection between the illness and newly discovered class of nerve cells C) so an autistic child prefers to be alone and resists change D) whereas environmental risk factors also seem to play a role in the development of the disease E) once physicians have developed better ways to diagnose and successfully treat the disorder 5 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu 0 222 221 41 02 40- Batı’yla karşılaştırıldığında Asya ülkeleri, yaşlı ve hasta akrabalara ailenin bakacağı varsayımına dayanarak emekli maaşlarına ve sosyal güvenlik sistemlerine daha az yatırım yapmıştır. 39- While laptops are mostly used for personal activities, large computers are used by corporations and government agencies as central computers that can be simultaneously accessed by many users. A) Dizüstü bilgisayarlar çoğunlukla kişisel uğraşlar için kullanılmasına rağmen, büyük bilgisayarlar gibi aynı anda birçok kullanıcı tarafından erişilen merkezî bilgisayarlar olarak şirketler ve resmî daireler tarafından da kullanılabilir. B) Dizüstü bilgisayarlar çoğunlukla kişisel faaliyetler için kullanılırken, büyük bilgisayarlar, birçok kullanıcının eş zamanda ulaşabildiği merkezî bilgisayarlar olarak şirketler ve resmî daireler tarafından kullanılır. C) Büyük bilgisayarlar genellikle şirketler ve resmî dairelerde birçok kişinin aynı anda ulaşabildiği merkezî bilgisayarlar olarak kullanılır, dizüstü bilgisayarlar ise daha çok kişisel faaliyetler için tercih edilmektedir. D) Dizüstü bilgisayarlar kişisel kullanımlar için tasarlanmış olsa da şirketlerde ve resmî dairelerde birçok kullanıcının aynı anda erişebildiği merkezî bilgisayarlar olarak da çalışabilir. E) Dizüstü bilgisayarları büyük bilgisayarlardan ayıran özellik, hem kişisel işler için hem de şirketler ve devlet daireleri tarafından aynı zamanda birçok kullanıcının erişebildiği merkezî bilgisayarlar olarak kullanılabilmeleridir. A) Thinking that the family will look after their elderly and ill relatives, Asian countries have hardly made investment in pensions and social security systems, compared with the West. B) When compared with the West, Asian countries have invested less in pensions and social security systems, but they believe the family will look after the old and ill relatives. C) Asian countries, compared with the West, have invested less in pensions and social security systems, on the assumption that the family will look after the elderly and ill relatives. D) In comparison with the West, Asian countries assume that the family will look after the elderly and ill relatives, thus they invest less in pensions and social security systems. E) As Asian countries, unlike the West, think that the family will be able to look after the old and ill relatives, they invest less in pensions and social security systems. 41- Vücudun kendini önemli ölçüde yenilemesini sağlayan öğle uykusu, özellikle Arjantin ve Filipinler gibi sıcak ülkelerde uygulanan yaygın bir gelenektir. A) In hot countries like Argentina and the Philippines, siesta is a common tradition which is particularly practised in order to help the body renew itself remarkably. B) Generally practised in hot countries like Argentina and the Philippines, siesta is a popular tradition that helps the body renew itself with ease. C) Siesta helps the body renew itself substantially, and it is a common tradition mostly practised in hot countries such as Argentina and the Philippines. D) Siesta, which helps the body renew itself considerably, is a widespread tradition especially practised in hot countries such as Argentina and the Philippines. E) In addition to being a widespread tradition mainly practised in hot countries like Argentina and the Philippines, siesta helps the body renew itself to a great extent. 6 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu SOSYAL BİLİMLER BÖLÜMÜ 0 222 221 41 02 44- It is understood from the passage that ----. A) Aeschylus’s dramatic poetry is hard to comprehend, as he depicted sophisticated characters B) the audience of the time objected to the idea that a second actor caused chaos on stage C) Aeschylus was inspired by Thespis in his attempts to introduce a second character into his plays D) with Aeschylus’s initiation, a conversation or a clash was realized by the acts of two actors on stage E) most Greek tragedies had at least three actors on stage or in the chorus 42. - 45. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Although Aeschylus is considered to be the first great innovator of Western drama, it is sometimes difficult to judge the full extent of the innovations he introduced, since no plays by his predecessor, Thespis, have been preserved. What we know about Greek drama before Aeschylus suggests that it had developed gradually out of choral lyrics, occasionally interrupted by short dialogues between the chorus and a single speaker or singer representing an individual character. Aeschylus took the decisive step of introducing a second actor, thus enabling for the first time a dialogue or conflict between two individuals to take place on the stage and in front of an audience. The innovations made possible by Aeschylus’s introduction of a second character are very significant. In addition, an actor could leave the stage and reappear in the guise of another character, thus permitting an increase in the overall number of persons represented. In his later plays, Aeschylus used three actors, allowing him to feature a large number of characters, as in The Libation Bearers, the second play of the Oresteia trilogy. 45- It is clearly stated in the passage that ----. A) Aeschylus’s last play, Oresteia, was a trilogy where numerous kinds of legends were expressed B) in order to raise the number of characters on stage, performers in Aeschylus’s plays changed costumes and played other parts C) a heroic image was depicted throughout the plays by the actors representing different characters D) developments in drama brought by Aeschylus had been controversial for a long time E) Aeschylus was a man of the stage who even acted in his own plays in disguise with other actors 42- According to the passage, it is difficult to grasp the importance of Aeschylus’s innovations, because ----. A) he, as his successor, parodied Thespis’s elevated style B) they are believed to have come into being rather quickly C) the plays of his antecedents have not been retained D) his surviving trilogy was singled out in terms of its content E) his plays expressed the confidence and authority of an emerging empire 43- As indicated in the passage, prior to Aeschylus, drama ----. A) had choral lyrics in which short dialogues between chorus and characters intervened B) primarily focused on the conflicts between different characters C) was dominated by long and continuous choral lyrics D) had been specifically performed for the audience E) was confined to a single character represented by a speaker or a singer 7 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu 0 222 221 41 02 48- One can understand from the passage that the European powers disintegrated the Ottoman Empire so that they could ----. 46. - 49. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. A) accelerate the political and economic developments in the Middle East B) continue the conquests of Napoleon in Egypt C) liberate Egypt from the Ottoman domination D) benefit economically and extend their political influence E) respond to the call of local people for independence Outside forces have played a major part in the birth and development of Middle Eastern states as well as in shaping the environment in which these states have operated. Since Napoleon’s intervention in Egypt in the late 18th century, European powers have been an important part of the Middle East’s make-up – its politics, socio-economic development and external orientation. It was the European powers who took control of significant areas of the region from the 19th century, and they gave rise to the downfall of the Ottoman Empire and shared its spoils in the early 20th century. It was the same set of European powers that formed new states from territories under their control. But in the second half of the 20th century, the nature of outside intervention changed somewhat. As a penetrated regional system, the Middle East, for all its active internal dynamics (nationalism, the Arab-Israeli War, etc.), was by the 1950s subject to the influence of strategically-driven calculations made by the world’s two superpowers: the US and the USSR. The superpowers’ calculations not only directly affected politics of the region, but also the environment where the local forces were taking shape. For over a generation, the Cold War between superpowers was the framework of the Middle East’s regional system, from North Africa in the west to the borders of the Soviet Caucasus and Central Asia. 49- It can be inferred from the passage that the fate of the Middle Eastern states ----. A) was decided first by the European powers and then the two superpowers B) depended exclusively on the policies of imperial European powers of the time C) was directly linked to the survival of the Ottoman Empire that controlled the region D) was similar in many ways to the states in North Africa and the Central Asia E) was in the hands of their elected rulers for centuries 46- During the second half of the 20th century, ----. A) the Cold War between superpowers forced the Middle Eastern countries to rethink their calculations B) active internal dynamics in the Middle East shaped the region’s prospects C) the two superpowers began to take active involvement in the Middle East D) local forces in the Middle East were against the dominance of two superpowers E) the Middle East was a completely different region from the Soviet Caucasus and Central Asia 47- The author’s attitude towards the developments in the Middle East is ----. A) B) C) D) E) supportive realistic sarcastic modest satirizing 8 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu 0 222 221 41 02 51- It is obvious from the passage that Kovács and Mehler wanted to ----. 50. - 53. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. A) demonstrate the role of visual and nonvisual rewards in children’s language development B) prove monolingual infants complete their cognitive development later than bilinguals C) find out whether bilingual and monolingual infants differ in their cognitive abilities D) show the role of computers in the acquisition of distinct sound patterns in bilinguals E) explore the sound-learning strategies of the monolingual infants Recent research suggests that not only can children differentiate between two languages at an early age, but also show cognitive benefits from being exposed to a second language starting as early as infancy. In a study in 2009 of ‘crib bilinguals’, cognitive psychologists Agnes Kovács and Jacques Mehler used a visual test to measure cognitive flexibility in preverbal seven-month-olds. Kovács and Mehler wanted to see how quickly the infants could adapt to changing rules. They taught the infants a pattern consisting of speech-like sounds. At the end of the sequence, a visual reward in the form of a puppet would appear in one part of a computer screen. The infants were expected to learn that a given sound pattern predicated the appearance of the puppet in that location. Both bilingual and monolingual infants showed that they associated the sound sequence with the puppet’s location equally well by looking in the right place for the puppet to appear. But when Kovács and Mehler modified the sequence – and moved the puppet – the bilingual infants adjusted, switching their anticipatory gaze to the new location. The monolingual infants, however, continued to look for the puppet in the original location. 52- Kovács and Mehler’s research reveals that both monolingual and bilingual infants ----. A) predict how modified sequences of speech-like sounds match with moved objects B) fail to associate the sound sequence with the location of the object on the screen C) confirm the hypothesis that the brain is present for only one language D) guess the appearance of the puppet in a given location upon a particular sound pattern E) have equally sophisticated modes of thinking in the preverbal stage of language acquisition 50- One can conclude from the passage that bilingual children ----. A) are likely to make more verbal mistakes and delay the full acquisition process because of interference between two languages B) can differentiate between two languages they are exposed to at an early age, but their cognitive abilities remain indistinguishable from monolinguals C) not only develop the same patterns of cognitive flexibility as monolinguals do, but they also respond to verbal stimuli equally well D) innately show more creativity than their monolingual peers do, indicating a superior ability to grasp abstract concepts E) are capable of both distinguishing between two languages and developing cognitive flexibility at an early age 53- It is understood from the passage that ----. A) many scientists make use of visual tests to measure the cognitive capacity of bilingual children B) monolinguals were unable to guess where the puppet would appear when a sound pattern was given for the first time C) growing up bilingually led to verbal delays as psychologists demonstrate today D) only bilingual infants adapted to the modified sound sequence and the relocated puppet E) bilingual children’s adaptation to changing rules was similar to that of monolinguals 9 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu 0 222 221 41 02 55- One point that differentiates Moody’s from other credit rating agencies is that it ----. 54. - 57. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. A) puts more emphasis on the probability of default than what will happen when a default occurs B) assigns credit ratings to institutions that have already defaulted on payments C) gives an opinion about whether an institution has a reliable credit quality or if it is subject to default D) measures both how likely it is that there might be a default and the ability of the borrower to return to ‘AAA’ status E) is concerned with the time the institution is likely to remain in default A credit rating agency measures credit worthiness of institutions from companies to governments and assesses their ability to pay back a loan. The top three credit rating agencies are Standard and Poor’s (S&P), Fitch Ratings and Moody’s. Each rating agency has developed its own rating system. Fitch Ratings developed its system in 1924, which was later adopted by S&P. Both use a system of letter sliding from the best rating ‘AAA’ to the lowest ‘D’ for borrowers already defaulting on payments. In detail, ‘AAA’ represents the best quality borrowers that are reliable and stable without any foreseeable risk to future payments, while ‘D’ means the institution has defaulted on payment obligations, having failed to pay back the loans – S&P and Fitch Ratings assert it will keep on doing so. Moody’s follows a different rating system. It argues that their ratings have a superior approach that considers not only the likelihood of default, but also the severity of the default. In addition, S&P and Fitch Ratings are only interested in how likely a borrower is to default, whereas Moody’s cares how long the default is likely to last. Most importantly, S&P does not care what the recovery value will be – the amount of money that the lender will end up with after the borrower has defaulted. Moody’s, by contrast, tries to figure out the expected losses, which makes it more preferable. 56- It is understood from the passage that ----. A) the grade of an institution is not lowered if the default is temporary and will be resolved soon B) companies are more prone to default when compared to governments C) borrowers turn to Moody’s if S&P and Fitch Ratings cannot agree with their credit grades D) high grades do not guarantee that the institution is not vulnerable to default on payments E) an institution is expected to default over the long term if it has ‘D’ grade in the rating system of S&P and Fitch Ratings 54- It is implied in the passage that ----. 57- It is stated in the passage that ----. A) an institution will not be able to take any more loans if it has been downgraded by Moody’s B) credit ratings provided by agencies determine the financial strength of institutions to meet the payments C) the top three rating agencies have shaped their rating systems in cooperation with each other D) S&P was the first rating agency to effectively use the rating system of letter sliding from ‘AAA’ to ‘D’ E) no rating agencies apart from the top three are able to provide accurate credit ratings to institutions A) the amount of money that can be refunded after a default increases if an institution has a high grade in S&P’s rating system B) S&P has been going beyond just rating institutions on the basis of how likely they are to default C) payment obligations are considered to be extraneous when Moody’s is trying to estimate the possible losses D) Moody’s seems to be more advantageous, as it takes into account how much could be suffered after a default E) how long a default will last can be partially calculated by detecting the recovery value 10 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu 58. - 61. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. 0 222 221 41 02 60- One of the key points stated in the passage is that ----. A) the immigrants should be securely placed in the cities near the external borders B) integration of the immigrants is not the concern of Member States C) prevention of excessive immigration can best be practised by changing the immigration rules D) EU countries should restrict the number of immigrants to avoid a rapid increase in the population E) the EU population can be secured by taking measures against unlawful immigration Today, the European Union is home to more than 20 million immigrants, who represent about 4 per cent of the total EU population and make valuable contributions to European society. These new arrivals fill gaps in the labour market that EU workers cannot or do not wish to fill, helping to address the demographic decline in Europe’s working age population. Properly managed, immigration can help contribute to the EU’s longterm economic development and competitiveness. At the same time, ensuring the security and prosperity of the EU population remains vital. The key is to streamline and simplify the legal immigration process, enforce measures against illegal immigrants, secure the external borders and support the Member States’ efforts to promote the integration of immigrants so they become full participants in EU society. One of the EU’s more remarkable achievements is the creation of its single market, where people, goods, services and capital move freely throughout the 27 EU Member States. The flip side of this free movement, however, is that the reduced internal border controls necessitate strengthened external borders. Each border state bears a particular responsibility for defending its portion of the EU’s borders and with it, the security of the entire EU. 61- It is stated in the passage that ----. A) using the same currency within Member States leads to a powerful EU economy B) internal borders should be controlled as extensively as the external ones C) sharing a single market among EU countries does not necessitate a stronger control over the borders D) decreased control over the internal borders may require stricter management of external borders E) Member States should frame their immigration processes themselves regarding their socio-economic backgrounds 58- According to the passage, immigrants in the EU are crucial as they ----. A) do the jobs that inhabitants are reluctant to perform B) contribute to the increase of the overall population C) help to increase the competition among other countries D) culturally integrate themselves to the country they are working in E) obediently fulfil all the tasks they are required to do 59- According to the passage, ----. A) local workers in EU countries are better educated and thus more competent than the immigrants B) in the long run, immigrants may contribute to the management of financial problems of the EU C) the problem of the work gap in EU countries can never be totally overcome D) working conditions of the immigrants in the EU are worse than in their home countries E) the free movement of people and goods throughout Member States is hindered by strong internal borders 11 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu 62. - 65. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. 0 222 221 41 02 64- One can conclude from the passage that ----. A) family is an inseparable part of a nation as it contributes greatly to its sustainment B) parents tend to have difficulty in conveying their cultural characteristics to children C) anthropological studies ignore the role of the family in nation formation D) one’s genetic properties hardly have an influence on developing his or her cultural traits E) families may not remain as transmitters of physical traits in the future Humans are preoccupied with vitality; that is, a concern with the generation, transmission, continuation and protection of life itself. The obvious social tie formed around this preoccupation is the family. However, numerous individual families of a nation understand themselves to be just that; thus, the continuation of the nation into the future is regarded as entailing the continuation of the families into the future. Anthropological studies reveal that humans have always formed not only families, but also larger groups of which families are a part. Parents transmit to their own offspring not only their flesh and blood – genetic properties in a broader term – but also their cultural inheritance; the language, traditions, customs and so forth – of the larger group, of the nation. This cultural inheritance is usually viewed by the parents as being quite precious to their existence. This intergenerational transmission of one’s culture may be part of the reason for the tendency to view the nation as a form of kinship, because what is being transmitted is a part of one’s self to one’s descendants. 65- The passage is mainly about the ----. A) effects of cultural differences in the transmission of customs and traditions B) human nature that needs to regenerate continually for both biological and social reasons C) superiority of the older generation over the new in maintaining strong family relationships D) improvement of the understanding of being a family and a nation in general E) historical and cultural aspects of the relation between family and individuals 62- It is understood from the passage that ----. A) cultural inheritance of a nation lies mainly in its historical background B) larger groups are more effective than families while transmitting culture to a new generation C) a combination of factors compels people to form groups of families and preserve their principles D) anthropologists’ efforts to explore into the formation of ancient families are worth praising E) cultural properties of a nation will still be conveyed despite structural changes in the family 66. - 70. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz. 66- Andrew : While surfing on the Internet, I found an article claiming that national anthems were being used by ancient people in primitive times. Madeline : What may have caused them to do so? Andrew : It says they primarily played them to threaten and deter their enemies. Madeline : ---- 63- It can be inferred from the passage that ----. A) Actually, most of them mention the geographical properties of a country. B) So, anthems written in hard times of a nation sound like one another. C) Yet, they’re more commonly used in national festivals and sports events in our time. D) Undoubtedly, poets who wrote them should be very proud of themselves. E) Well, I know there are anthems that don’t have any lyrics and are purely instrumental. A) preoccupation with vitality is no longer a relevant concept in the contemporary World B) it is not cultural inheritance, but genetic properties that make people a nation C) transmission of genetic properties is considered to be the most important task of a family D) the majority of people ignore the importance of kinship to form a nation E) the way we think or behave is associated with what we have inherited from our parents 12 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu 0 222 221 41 02 67- Pelin : Although the Great Mosque and Hospital of Divriği is on the World Heritage List, it doesn’t get the attention it deserves by the media. Cansu : What do you think they can do to increase its recognition both across the country and in the world? Pelin : ---Cansu : I’m sure those ideas would create a great influence. 69- Mike : I’ve read an interesting article saying that recounting an experience may enhance our understanding of it, which then dulls our opinion of the incident. Elena : That sounds interesting indeed. I can’t seem to think of any examples, though. Can you? Mike : ---Elena : Excellent! This pretty much sums it up for me. A) TV programmers could choose to feature the place in their most-watched programs and the newspapers could mention it. B) I don’t expect any help from them, because they’re generally interested in doing contests for amusement. C) I think documentaries about historical places are very boring, that’s why nobody wants to watch them. D) In our modern world, people who work for hours don’t have enough time to watch TV or read newspapers regularly to be aware of such facts. E) If I were a famous singer or an actress, I would visit there and thus everybody would hear about it thanks to me. A) Of course. Suppose you visualize in your mind that you’re getting a promotion. You’re improving your chances of getting it by doing so. B) For instance, if you avoid thinking about your last failure, you’re more likely to leave your bad memories behind. C) Let’s say you use different routes every day while driving home. This will make you better at giving directions to it. D) If you keep dwelling on past experiences, for example, you can’t enjoy the moment. E) Well, describing how good a cupcake tastes could make you enjoy it less. 70- Altan : Why do critics have to be so harsh and rigid when they write reviews on newly-released books and movies? Kerem : ---Altan : That’s what I wanted to say. They influence other people about what to do and make them prejudiced. Kerem : We need to remember that it’s all a matter of personal taste. No two people get the exact same pleasure from a given book or movie. 68- Nicole : According to a study, almost half of the world’s billionaires live in the US. Claudia : ---Nicole : That’s true, but it doesn’t mean the whole populace of the country is rich and prosperous. Claudia : Yes, we cannot disregard the homeless and needy people who reside in the streets. A) I know. On the other hand, Nigeria with a low economic activity has the poorest citizens. B) That didn’t surprise me at all, as the financial centre of the world is located there. C) I bet Bill Gates is one of them with an enormous income that he gained with the help of his genius. D) Thus, the national debt of the US surpassed 10-trillion dollars, bringing the country into the largest national debt in 2008. E) That’s why people argue about whether globalization has eradicated borders and cultural differences. A) They use their own preferences and biases to affect readers and audiences. B) Most of them are living without any contact with society, so how could they know what people like in general? C) You’re right. It takes a special kind of personality to be so frank and open. D) Literature needs this kind of encouragement, but the movie sector can stand on its own without critics. E) This not only lowers the productivity of authors and scriptwriters, but also contributes to disappointment and even mild depression. 13 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu 71. - 75. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 0 222 221 41 02 73- A television rating is simply the number of households tuned into a particular television program at a given point in time. Advertisers especially rely on ratings information to increase the effectiveness of television advertising. When they want a commercial to reach an audience, they need to place it in TV programs that deliver a great number of viewers. The more audience a program delivers, the more the commercial time is worth to advertisers. ---- 71- While identifying the right behaviours for reinforcement, even managers who use positive reinforcement can get into trouble if they are not careful to identify the right behaviours to reinforce. ---- First, it is crucial for managers to choose behaviours over which subordinates have control; in other words, subordinates must have the freedom and opportunity to perform the behaviours that are being reinforced. Second, these should provide organizational effectiveness. A) Furthermore, the ratings are calculated by gathering a sample of households that represent the total television-viewing population and monitoring their viewing behaviours. B) If an advertiser spends millions running ads during a program that does not meet its expectations, it would be economically wise to reconsider its placement in that time slot. C) For example, most TV stations broadcast news, shows or series during primetime, as they can achieve a higher viewership than other programs, and they are always highrated. D) In fact, advertisements can be harmful for the younger population, who spend hours in front of the TV screen and are exposed to aggressive advertising in between popular shows. E) Although user habits are rapidly changing, television has long been considered the most effective mass-market advertising medium and the ultimate platform for targeted advertising. A) The managers sometimes stop acting interested in the non-work-related conversations. B) No one likes being criticized or threatened in front of other people. C) People avoid performing behaviours that lead to outcomes they do not desire. D) Doing this is not always as straightforward as it might seem. E) Punishment can have some unintended side effects such as loss of self-respect. 72- It is not exactly known when the practice of reading the future in coffee grinds began. But since the urge to decipher the brown marks left by or in the grinds seems so natural, such practices are probably as old as coffee drinking itself. In fact, Turkish coffee, whose method of preparation leads to grinds in the cup, readily lends itself to fortune-telling through explaining the shapes left by the grinds. ---- People would turn their cups over on their saucers to let the grinds slide along the sides of the cup, leaving shapes and patterns that can be described. 74- Literature, whether sacred or secular, is the result of individual and collective genius. Shakespeare was a ‘dramatic God’, a maker of worlds, but he could not be detached from the English culture that had formed him and which he then helped to form. Imitating the literary models of other countries does not contribute to the formation of a national literature. ---- Johann Wolfgang Goethe was the man who was capable of that task. A) In the 19th century, this particular kind of coffee reading or divination by coffee grinds became quite popular. B) The first stage in the spread of coffee throughout the world was its crossing of the Red Sea, having travelled from its native Ethiopia and Yemen. C) Traditional fortune-tellers vary in methodology, generally using techniques long established in their cultures and thus meeting the cultural expectations of their clients. D) For example, a cross would mean that one should look after his health; flames, that one should not trust his initial impressions. E) Of course, no artificial coffee flavouring is any match for the real thing like Arabica beans which are grown in Jamaica and Colombia. A) The conflict between the literature of the old and that of the young, it seems, will exist for more than another one hundred years. B) Cervantes, Balzac, and even Dostoyevsky, rather than national, were universal writers who attracted many people throughout the world. C) Germany, in order to develop a national literature, had to identify and draw on its own resources. D) The race between the English and the German for the formation of the best civilization was also felt in literature. E) The printing press naturally accelerated the proliferation of the national literature in Germany. 14 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu 0 222 221 41 02 75- Many instructors believe that learning depends on the teacher. The teachercentred model of education places all of the responsibility for deciding what is taught and how it is taught on the instructor. This model views teachers as active participants in the educational process and learners as passive recipients of knowledge. ---- The ultimate aim is to produce educated learners, and teaching is a means to this end. With this view, teachers should place less emphasis on what they know and more on what learners bring to the educational encounter. 77- (I) The European Court of Human Rights is an international court set up in 1959. (II) It rules on individual or state applications alleging violations of the civil and political rights set out in the European Convention on Human Rights. (III) Since its foundation, the Court has delivered more than 10,000 judgements. (IV) The Convention, which was signed on 4th November 1950 in Rome, entered into force in 1953. (V) Some of them have led governments to alter their legislation and administrative practice in a wide range of areas. A) Current educational theory, however, argues for a learner-centred rather than a teacher-centred approach. B) There is a natural tendency among instructors to teach others in the way they were taught before. C) Educators must develop a complete understanding of what goes on in the mind of the learner to improve the quality of education. D) The discipline of most colleges and universities is generally framed for the ease of the masters, not for the benefit of the students. E) If learning environments become better adapted to the needs of learners, they will emerge with a greater degree of useful connected knowledge. 78- (I) For the first time since the 1920s, US cities are growing faster than suburbs. (II) Historically, suburban growth has been fuelled by young urban families leaving the city. (III) But in the tough economy, young adults are opting to stay in city rentals rather than purchase suburban homes. (IV) Meanwhile, the normal influx of job-seeking graduates continues – youths keep moving in, but nobody is moving out. (V) In fact, the ‘garden suburb’ tradition has recently come to dominate such populous cities as New Orleans and San Francisco. A) I A) I 76- (I) Lakes have obviously played an important role in the historical development of communities, and modern life is dependent on the purification facilities and agricultural benefits that lakes provide. (II) As renewable energy becomes increasingly important in the 21st century, so do lakes and the possibilities of hydroelectric power that they present. (III) Major threats to the longevity of lake fertility are pollution, drainage and faulty watermanagement practices. (IV) Economically, lakes play an integral part in the development of major waterways and travel routes. (V) Fishing and aquaculture, and the jobs their industry represents, are also principle benefits of living in a lake community. B) II C) III D) IV B) II C) III C) III D) IV D) IV E) V E) V 79- (I) In comparison to Britain, industrialization in other regions of Europe took much longer to get started. (II) The Industrial Revolution was a transition from the world of hand-made products to a factory system based on machine-made products. (III) With the exception of Belgium, which began to industrialize in 1806, industrialization on the British model started after 1830. (IV) It needed the combination of several factors for the Industrial Revolution in Britain at all. (V) Investments in new commercial enterprises, a large available workforce and active markets encouraged industrialization in Britain almost a century before the rest of Europe. 76. - 80. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. A) I B) II A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 80- (I) The extraordinary rise of solitary living is the biggest social change that many sociologists neglected to identify. (II) ‘Going solo’ started out and was most common among male migrant workers, and it was usually a short-lived stage on the road to a more conventional domestic life. (III) A recent study has revealed that people who live alone make up a great majority, and they are tied with childless couples as the most common residential type. (IV) However, there is little evidence that the rise of living alone is making more people lonely. (V) It is also more common than the nuclear family and staying with a roommate. E) V A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 15 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu FEN BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ 0 222 221 41 02 43- It can be understood from the passage that humans used to consider their visual system superior to that of animals because ----. 42. - 45. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. A) the evolutionary process was not taken into account in previous studies B) experiments on colour vision did not include any species besides humans C) the studies conducted on other species only focused on the firing of neurons D) other mammals were unable to perceive ultraviolet light E) research on colour vision was insufficient to demonstrate the complexity of animal perception We humans long assumed that our visual system stood at the top of evolutionary success. Our knowledge of colour vision was primarily based on what humans see: researchers easily performed experiments on colour perception in humans. Although scientists obtained supporting information from a variety of other species by recording the firing of neurons, we remained unaware until the early 1970s that many vertebrates, mostly animals other than mammals, see colours in a part of the spectrum that is invisible to humans: the ultraviolet. In fact, the discovery of ultraviolet vision began with studies of insects conducted by Sir John Lubbock, who discovered sometime before 1882 that in the presence of ultraviolet light, ants would pick up their young and carry them to dark areas or to areas illuminated by longer wavelengths of light. In the mid-1900s, Karl von Frisch and his students showed that bees and ants not only see ultraviolet light as a distinct colour but use ultraviolet in skylight as a compass. The finding that a great number of insects perceive ultraviolet light misleadingly gave rise to the idea that this spectral region provides a private sensory channel that avian predators like eagles and vultures cannot see. Nothing, however, could have been further from the truth. Subsequent research showed that birds, lizards, turtles and many fish have ultraviolet receptors in their retinas. 44- The misconception caused by Karl von Frisch and his students’ findings was that ----. A) several insects can make use of ultraviolet light B) certain birds cannot perceive ultraviolet light C) some animals have ultraviolet receptors D) many insects do not need daylight E) only bees and ants can see ultraviolet as a distinct colour 45- It is stated in the passage that ----. A) Karl von Frisch pioneered research in ultraviolet vision of vertebrates B) scientists were unaware of the methods used to study animal perception in the past C) the firing of neurons was an effective way to experiment on human vision D) until the late 19th century, ultraviolet vision was unknown to humans E) the alleged superiority of animal visual system has not been accepted by some researchers 42- The study carried out by Karl von Frisch and his students revealed that ----. A) Sir John Lubbock’s findings about ants’ vision were inaccurate B) only certain insects could perceive ultraviolet in the form of a colour spectrum C) bees and ants could see ultraviolet as a colour on its own D) many vertebrates had ultraviolet receptors in their retinas E) some animals had difficulty with vision in the presence of ultraviolet light 16 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu 46. - 49. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. 0 222 221 41 02 47- It is emphasized in the passage that ----. A) Hurricane Katrina became the moment of awakening, especially for national leaders, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions B) national leaders have been supporting urban managers to tackle climate change through sponsored projects C) national leaders are better equipped than mayors to plan the control of climate change more successfully D) local leaders have often taken better steps than national leaders to cope with climate change E) scientists should first encourage mayors and urban managers, not presidents, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions Scientists have urged national leaders for years to tackle climate change, based on the assumption that all nations should take steps in harmony for the success of their prevention efforts. But as anyone who has watched the past 15 years of international climate negotiations can attest, most countries are still reluctant to take meaningful steps to lower their production of greenhouse gases, much less address issues such as how to help developing countries protect themselves from the extreme effects of climate change. Mayors and urban managers are taking over as they have a keener sense about how changing weather patterns will affect their cities’ political and economic futures. Indeed, within months after Hurricane Katrina’s landfall, the C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group launched in London in October 2005, and the World Mayors Council on Climate Change (WMCCC) got its start in Kyoto that December. As of June 2011, more than 190 mayors and other local authorities, representing some 300 million people from around the world, have also signed voluntary pact sponsored by the WMCCC to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. They are tackling climate change, as their cities are suffering from floods, rising sea levels and heat waves. They are innovating ways to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, prevent further changes in weather patterns and benefit from transportation systems that protect the environment. 48- It can be understood from the passage that shortly after the devastation Hurricane Katrina caused in 2005, ----. A) climate negotiations started to focus more on the issues of greenhouse gas emissions B) two major alliances of city mayors were formed in order to combat climate-related problems C) national leaders came together to take unprecedented measures against greenhouse gas emissions D) both civic leaders and presidents began to take more effective and coordinated actions E) a voluntary pact was signed to deal with climate change more efficiently 46- It is obvious from the passage that scientists have long encouraged national leaders to address the issue of climate change ----. 49- One point made in the passage is that there are evidently extreme effects of climate change, ----. A) as they believe that prevention efforts require the coordinated actions of entire nations to be effective B) so that developed countries can persistently protect themselves from the extreme effects of climate change C) with an aim to make developing countries take significant steps to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions D) because most cities are suffering from catastrophes such as floods, rising sea levels and heat waves E) in order that city leaders and urban managers should minimize the costs of the measures taken to prevent climate change A) thus the World Mayors Council on Climate Change prioritized some steps to prevent rising sea levels in some countries B) so most countries are increasingly helping developing nations tackle the climaterelated problems C) yet the C40 mayors know exactly which countries can help them to deal with catastrophes D) though mayors and urban managers are not making any attempts to collaborate with national leaders E) but most countries seem unwilling to take important measures to lessen their greenhouse gas emissions 17 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu 50. - 53. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. 0 222 221 41 02 52- According to the passage, the bioethanol from seaweed ----. A) is convenient enough to be used alone to fuel cars B) causes great amounts of pollution when combined with petrol C) can be used with little or no change in car engines D) needs to be blended with other biofuels to increase its efficiency E) requires using red and green species together Forget drilling into the ocean floor to tap into everdecreasing supplies of oil, because there could soon be a new fuel source beneath the waves – seaweed. A technique has been developed to convert sugars in seaweed into a fuel that can be used to power cars. Biofuels are currently produced from crops such as corn and sugar cane, but these sources are also in demand for use as food, and their production requires large amounts of land, fresh water and fertiliser. Seaweed requires none of these and has the advantage of not containing lignin, a strong strand of sugars that stiffens plant stalks but is difficult to turn into biofuel. Researchers at Bio Architecture Lab in California have been able to produce bioethanol from kombu, an edible brown seaweed. Bioethanol can be blended with petrol and used in engines with little or no modification. Brown seaweed has high sugar content and also grows more quickly than the red or green species. The only potential stumbling block is growing enough of the stuff. Several thousand tonnes are farmed annually for food, but if it is going to be used widely as a fuel, billions of tonnes would be required. But Bio Architecture Lab is still forging ahead, launching a seaweed biofuel pilot Project in 2013. It hopes to commercialize seaweed-sourced fuels within three to four years. 53- One can understand from the passage that ----. A) much more seaweed needs to be produced to provide enough fuel B) Bio Architecture Lab may suspend its plans for using seaweed for biofuel C) farmers currently producing seaweed will be paid to produce more D) researchers need three to four years before they can obtain biofuel from seaweed E) growing red or green seaweed rather than the brown species proves to be more beneficial 50- According to the passage, producing fuel from seaweed ----. A) can interrupt drilling for oil under the ocean, as most types of seaweed grow on the surface B) is a longer process when compared to producing fuel from other crops C) can be more expensive than producing fuel from crops such as sugar cane D) is a great resource in view of producing fuel from other sources E) remains the only way in which sugars are used as crops for fuel 51- It is clearly stated in the passage that seaweed ----. A) cannot be used alone as a food resource B) does not call for resources such as fresh water and land C) does not grow quickly in comparison to other crops D) is not utilized for commercial purposes E) does not retain a great amount of sugar 18 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu 54. - 57. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. 0 222 221 41 02 55- According to the passage, there had been a limitation for astronomers, since they ----. A) did not have sufficient data to improve their studies on the Multiverse B) could only study the properties of the universe that were observable to them C) were not able to understand the consequences of cosmic expansion D) lacked the necessary telescopes to observe the universe in detail E) had difficulty in collaborating with each other and following accurate scientific methods Astronomers have a reputation for bringing us stunning discoveries: new planets and galaxies on the edge of the known universe. But now they are on the trail of the most notable finding of all: evidence for a whole new universe beyond our own. For millennia, philosophers have insisted everything we see is part of the all-encompassing totality called the universe. And for centuries, astronomers have been mapping its immensity, using more and more powerful telescopes to probe deeper into space. It seemed clear, however, that there was a limit to what they could see, as they were examining what was comprehensible for them. Since the discovery of cosmic expansion, they believed there must be a final frontier, but today, there is mounting excitement that it may be possible to probe beyond this far horizon. According to the latest theories in cosmology, what has been regarded as the universe might be just one of an infinite number making up something far grander – the Multiverse. But the Multiverse model is highly problematic; the biggest difficulty is that the existence of such parallel universes can be neither verified nor falsified. No less amazing, an orbiting observatory, named Planck, has revealed many features about our universe such as its age and size since it was launched in 2009, and astronomers believe it may be able to travel the Multiverse and do even more. 56- According to the passage, the Multiverse model is thought to be ----. A) B) C) D) E) irreplaceable outdated controversial reliable irrational 57- It can be understood from the passage that Planck ----. A) has been designed especially for determining the age and size of the universe B) is the most powerful device that has ever been sent to space C) is more appealing to astronomers than the Multiverse model D) has already provided much information about the Multiverse E) may be able to reveal the presence of other universes beyond our own 54- It can be inferred from the passage that the Multiverse model ----. A) contradicts the idea that human life can be maintained on other planets B) consists of multiple universes which are completely similar to each other C) has been scientifically approved by a great number of astronomers D) is a hypothetical set of possible universes that together comprise all that exists E) suggests that each universe affects one another in terms of physical laws 19 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu 58. - 61. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. 0 222 221 41 02 60- It can be inferred from the passage that ----. A) the paint may not be as common as sprays, since they have long been in use for pest control B) Mateo will also contribute to the economy of a less well-off nation with her new Project C) greater amounts of pesticides are required in Latin American countries D) the use of the paint will be restricted to fifteen countries around the World E) people in poor countries may not be able to afford to buy the paint because of its high cost For decades, nets and sprays have been the only effective methods for controlling the mosquitoes that cause malaria. However, Spanish chemist Pilar Mateo thinks she can do better with her invention of embedding pesticides in microcapsules stirred into house paints at her Valencia company. The insecticides are released from the paint slowly, remaining effective for two to four years, while sprays need to be reapplied at least every six months. “The paint acts like a vaccine for houses,” she says. The amounts of pesticides released from the paint are harmless to people but are devastating to insects, according to the tests made by scientists. The paint has already been approved for use in fifteen countries, including China and England. Mateo is seeking approval in the US and a recommendation from the World Health Organization. She says she has received offers to buy her patent but refuses to sell out. Instead, her new venture, another company in Africa, will produce it commercially at a factory in Ghana and employ a great number of workers. “By taking production outside Spain, we can reduce the cost and make it more accessible,” she says. Her idea is to sell the paint as an affordable alternative to sprays. After years of donating paint to poor people in Latin America, Mateo wants to fund her broader humanitarian efforts. “It’s not just the insects that are the problem”, she says, “It’s the poverty.” 61- It can be understood from the passage that Mateo ----. A) has made important donations to Latin American countries with the help of the US B) is thought to be the most successful inventor in the field of pest control C) has tried to sell her patent, but could not manage to do so D) is the first to make use of microencapsulation technology E) ultimately plans to fight against poverty through her lucrative enterprises 58- According to the passage, Mateo’s invention ----. A) provides easy application and proves to be more effective than other methods B) has been guided by the World Health Organization and initially applied in the US C) is supported primarily by the funds from China and England D) has resulted from a collaborative work of scientists from different countries E) has attracted much attention especially from developed countries 59- According to the passage, the paint ----. A) reveals different results in some parts of the World B) needs to be stirred well before application C) has a long-lasting effect when compared to sprays D) releases pesticides every six months E) should be used in houses where people have been vaccinated 20 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu 62. - 65. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. 0 222 221 41 02 63- It is pointed out in the passage that ----. A) in cognitive biometrics, it is not the password itself that is more secure, but the way it is put in to the computer B) financial business applications have priority over military applications, as they call for more security C) resistance to deceit is measured by how well one’s thoughts could be read by machines D) symbols are more successful tools of user recognition than letters E) the P300 wave is gradually being replaced by other means of measurement in cognitive biometrics Typing in passwords could be a thing of the past, thanks to technology that can read your thoughts. A new discovery brings cognitive biometrics very close to reality. In cognitive biometrics, the response of your nervous system to a stimulus is measured, then used to identify you. A series of letters or images are flashed up on a screen and your P300 wave – a type of electrical activity in the brain – is measured using electrodes attached to your head. When a pre-defined word, letter or image is shown, recognition by the user generates their signature, P300 wave. Until now, users have been shown different letters or symbols in different parts of a screen. But tests at the universities of Essex and Wolverhampton have found that the system identifies individuals most accurately if all characters appear in the same location. This also reduces the chances of criminals spotting the brain word by tracking eye movement. As there is no keyboard involved, it is much harder for someone intent on fraud to get access to a password. “You still have to keep your password secure,” says Dr. Palani Ramaswamy. “It’s just that the way of entering the password is more resistant to fraud.” Accuracy still needs to be improved before cognitive biometrics can come into mainstream use. “Once accuracy is close to 100 per cent, it can be used for highsecurity military applications and financial transactions as well,” he maintains. 64- It is clearly stated in the passage that ----. A) the field of cognitive biometrics could be improved by integrating the keyboard into its use B) research on the applicability of cognitive biometrics has been exclusively conducted at the universities of Essex and Wolverhampton C) cognitive biometrics differs from other related fields in that, in addition to other procedures, it follows eye movements D) cognitive biometrics could benefit other fields if the level of its precision is increased E) with cognitive biometrics, people are ensured a safer yet slower means by which they could enter their password 62- It can be understood from the passage that in cognitive biometrics, ----. 65- According to the passage, ----. A) the P300 wave refers to the nature of the electrodes that are attached to one’s head B) the stimuli are determined beforehand to suit experimental purposes C) one’s nervous system plays a vital role in his or her identification by a machine D) one’s imaginary world created by the electrical activity in the brain overlaps with reality E) there is almost no chance of obtaining a password through eye tracking A) Dr. Ramaswamy does not share the opinions of the other researchers in the field of cognitive biometrics B) studies reveal that the way in which letters or symbols are presented should be changed if more accuracy is desired C) criminals will have to generate a signature of their own first if they want to get access to the passwords of others D) people who actively use their mental capabilities seem to be more easily recognized by the system in cognitive biometrics E) one does not have to be attached to electrodes, as his or her signature readily shows up on different parts of the screen 21 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu 66. - 70. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz. 0 222 221 41 02 68- Joshua : From a documentary, I learned that the first skyscraper was the Home Insurance Building, built in 1884. Betty : Where was it built and how many floors did it have? Joshua : It was in Chicago and had only ten floors. Betty : Ten floors? It’s very ridiculous when compared to modern skyscrapers. Joshua : ---- 66- Interviewer : According to a new report, agricultural pesticides are causing significant damage to marine life in Australia. Ecologist : I’m of the opinion that the sugar cane industry in the west is particularly to blame. Interviewer : Why do you say that? Ecologist : ---- A) It stood until 1931, when it was demolished to make way for another skyscraper. B) At that time, the building boom in Chicago helped the economy flourish. C) At first, that new construction made people worry that it would fall down. D) In fact, Chicago was the birthplace of skyscraper, but New York soon took the lead. E) Still, it’s said to have contributed to the design of skyscrapers as we know them today. A) The report has also intrigued me, but I don’t agree that people are not careful with the chemicals being used. B) Farmers there are using pesticides which have made their way into the ocean. C) I think oil spills are the primary threat to the lives of sea creatures on Australian coasts. D) It is argued that producers have no alternatives to protect their crops apart from pesticides. E) In fact, agricultural industry claims that the findings of the report are based on old data. 69- Panelist : In our day, we depend on a great deal of devices that make use of the principles of physics. Attendee : ---Panelist : Radios use antennas to receive information from stations transmitted in the form of electromagnetic waves. Attendee : Oh, that’s something that can be found in almost every home. Is it true that this was a development born out of the invention of the wireless telegraph? Panelist : Yes, the telegraph was the forerunner to radio technology. 67- Professor : Are you aware that many countries now suffer from the expansion of deserts? Student : That’s saddening. What kind of negative consequences does it create? Professor : ---Student : I see. This, in turn, leads to problems in food production. A) The most serious impacts of desertification are likely to be felt in countries near the Equator. B) Huge differences between day- and nighttime temperatures don’t lead to desertification at all. C) The worst is that fertile soils become degraded, causing major problems in the field of agriculture. D) Desertification affects the livelihoods of many people, as it occurs on all continents except Antarctica. E) A significant policy change in management approaches is needed to prevent or reverse desertification. A) I’m not sure if I understand, can you give us a concrete example? B) I think advances in technology are as important as the physics principles, don’t you? C) Do you mean that life without technological devices would be difficult for human beings? D) I know the system in the refrigerator works on the law of thermodynamics. Are there any other devices that work like this? E) Why do some people ignore how a device works and only care about its usefulness? 22 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu 70- Peter : Did you know a new water source has been found in Namibia, the driest country in Africa? Charlotte : Really? I’m sure it will improve the living conditions there considerably. Peter : ---Charlotte : I hope they will be able to keep such activities under control. 0 222 221 41 02 72- In air, light is refracted as it passes through the cornea at the front of the eye, and then again as it travels through the lens. The lens is mainly there to provide fine adjustment because the cornea is fixed; in fact, two thirds of the focusing power of the eye is supplied by the cornea. But underwater, the refractive index of the cornea is virtually the same as the water in front of it, and it loses almost all of its focusing power. The lens has a higher refractive index, but it cannot compensate enough, so you become extremely long-sighted. ---- A) Africa’s rivers are subject to seasonal droughts, and it limits their availability for people. B) Scientists say the water is cleaner than many modern sources although it is about 10,000 years old. C) Actually, Africa has been thought to be sitting on a vast reservoir of groundwater. D) Yet, there are some concerns that unauthorised drilling could threaten the new supply. E) The Namibian government accomplished this task in partnership with researchers from Germany and the Great Britain . 71. - 75. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. A) If you’re short-sighted, the effect is diminished, but nobody is short-sighted enough to eliminate it. B) Provided that they are given enough time, long-sighted people can generally focus on close-by objects, but only for very short periods. C) Studies reveal that short-sightedness is positively correlated to the level of education in a society. D) Diving underwater and remaining there is actually a more sophisticated series of processes than it seems. E) Scientists believe that living away from the sea has helped mankind to develop their perception of depth. 71- Albert Einstein once commented that “a person who has not made his great contribution to science before the age of 30 will never do so.” ---- Now, scientists are making Nobel-worthy discoveries at more advanced ages than in the past. Benjamin Jones, an expert in innovation at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University and Bruce Weinberg of the Ohio State University analysed 525 Nobel Prizes awarded in physics, chemistry and medicine between 1900 and 2008. With few exceptions – notably quantum mechanics discoveries of the 1920s and 1930s – the trend across all fields is toward researchers being older when they produce their greatest work. 73- In the 1960s, human beings finally left the Earth. First they flew outside the atmosphere, then orbited the Earth and in the end, as the decade was drawing to a close, they went to the Moon. ---- After the Moon, the plan was to step on Mars, and land the first crews there by 1986. However, sending humans across the gulf of interplanetary space has proven harder than the explorers thought. A) Studies have shown that radiation in deep space poses deadly hazards to astronauts. B) Among the discoveries about Mars, one stands out above all others: the possible liquid water on its surface. C) After its first close-up picture in 1965, spacecraft voyages to Mars have challenged humans’ perception of what makes a planet work. D) The Viking Mission between 1976 and 1984 consisted of two orbiting spacecraft, each carrying a lander deployed to Mars. E) Yet since then, humans have done relatively little to advance the crewed exploration of space. A) In the case of a scientific revolution where established knowledge may be a hindrance rather than a help, the young can be more competent. B) Anton van Leeuwenhoek is best known for his work on the improvements of the microscope in 1648, at the age of 16. C) Einstein always appeared to have a clear view of the problems of physics and the determination to solve them. D) This may have been an accurate reflection of physics in his time, but it is no longer the case for physics or any other field. E) Inventions tell something about the inventor’s place in society and his closeness to certain kind of problems. 23 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu 0 222 221 41 02 76. - 80. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 74- Diamond is the crystalline phase of carbon formed at very high pressures. It generally crystallizes at depths of 135 to 200 kilometres and at temperatures of 1,100 to 1,200 Celsius. It is the most highly valued gemstone; exceptional stones can fetch upward of $500,000 per carat and individual pieces can be valued at more than $20 million. ---- But today, the three top diamond-producing nations by value are Botswana, Russia and Canada, with significant production from Angola and South Africa. 76- (I) Amazonia, the Amazon region of Brazil, occupies an area about half the size of the US and contains the world’s largest rain forest. (II) This vast ecosystem encompasses about a third of all surviving tropical forests on Earth and nurtures thousands of animal and plant species. (III) Like other rain forests around the world, it makes a vital contribution to the global atmospheric balance and is a significant source of medicinal plants. (IV) It is also home to some of the last remaining Stone Age people on the planet. (V) Brazil’s politicians tend to support the expansion of Amazonia’s development rather than the protection of its fragile environment. A) Mineral inclusions within diamonds allow calculation of pressures and temperatures of the environment in which they were formed. B) The Golconda region in south-central India was the original source of diamonds for hundreds of years until discoveries were made in different parts of the world. C) Although there are dozens of gemstones, among the best known and most important is sapphire, mostly found in Sri Lanka and Thailand. D) Besides its beauty, diamond’s exceptional physical properties, unusual formation and value have prompted abundant research. E) Part of the reason that gemstones reach high values is their rarity, which also makes them coveted by geologists. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 77- (I) Raig Hogan, a physicist at the University of Chicago, states that space does not sit still, but quantum fluctuations make space vibrate. (II) Hogan and his team are building an experiment that will look for evidence that space is shifting. (III) Particle physics experiments can be very expensive and it may be difficult to occupy the attention of researchers around the world. (IV) The research may influence how we understand the relations among space, time and matter. (V) If it succeeds, it could also suggest a new architecture of physics. 75- The search to understand what the world is made of may seem, on the surface, to be a rather mysterious quest. Yet, it has turned out to have had the greatest of practical consequences. Cars, computers, the Internet, mobile phones and navigation devices all have emerged, at least in part, from attempts to answer this question. ---- A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 78- (I) X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation that readily penetrates human flesh. (II) As soon as the existence of X-rays had been reported, the medical applications with radioactive materials were recognized. (III) However, it took quite a while longer for people to detect the dangers of these mysterious new rays. (IV) All X-rays are not man-made; extremely hot stars, such as neutron stars, also produce huge amounts of X-rays. (V) For example, Major John Hall-Edwards, who helped pioneer the use of X-rays in medical treatments, lost an arm because of excessive exposure. A) What has changed today is that science tries to respond objectively to the evidence that it finds, even if that evidence goes against the received wisdom. B) The secrets of the atomic world remained hidden from us for centuries due to the limitation of our instruments and our thinking. C) At the heart of the reply lies our growing awareness of the way in which all substances are ultimately composed of countless tiny particles. D) For Newton, his work brought him closer to his goal of seeing the mind of God, but for science it marks a rare turning point. E) The history of science is often told as stories of individual brilliant minds and flashes of inspiration. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 24 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu 0 222 221 41 02 79- (I) There are now many different genres of video games in the world with amazing features and high quality. (II) The input device used to manipulate video games is called a game controller and varies across platforms. (III) For example, a controller might consist of only a button and a joystick, while another may feature a dozen buttons and one or more joysticks. (IV) Early personal computer games often needed a keyboard for gameplay, or more commonly, required the user to buy a separate joystick with at least one button. (V) Many modern computer games, however, allow or require the player to use a keyboard and a mouse simultaneously. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 80- (I) On 1 September 1914, at the age of 29 years, Martha died. (II) Her departure marked not only the end of her life, but the final demise of her entire kind – Martha was the last of the passenger pigeons. (III) A hundred years earlier, the extinction of this species seemed impossible, as the passenger pigeon was one of the most abundant birds ever to have existed. (IV) It is estimated that there were between three and five billion passenger pigeons at the time of European settlement of North America. (V) Because passenger pigeons flocked in such huge numbers, they needed large blocks of forest for successful breeding. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 25 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ 0 222 221 41 02 44- It can be inferred from the passage that ----. 42. - 45. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. A) age is the most critical factor in all stages of Alzheimer’s disease B) Alzheimer’s disease can be frustrating and painful for both the patient and his or her family members C) Alzheimer’s disease is less common among individuals who are mentally active D) people in developed countries are more likely to go through the advanced stages of Alzheimer’s disease E) sufferers can have a genetic inheritance that makes them less susceptible to Alzheimer’s disease Alzheimer’s disease is a chronic, degenerative condition of the brain cells. Some risk factors can be avoided, but others, such as increasing age and genetic properties, are inevitable. It is now the third most common cause of death in the developed world, with more women than men affected. The first symptom is often an impaired memory for recent events, which can be difficult to distinguish from the normal age-related decline in memory. As the disease progresses, forgetfulness may hinder routine activities such as cooking and household chores. Those affected may be aware of their memory difficulties, so they can deal with the problem by, for example, writing notes or letting someone else manage decisions for them. In the late stages of the disease, the changes in memory and behaviour are marked. Sufferers cannot compensate for their memory lapses and become confused. They may develop paranoid behaviour like jealousy or accusations of theft, and may experience visual hallucinations. People in advanced stages cease to recognize even their family members and close friends. They may also refuse to eat, develop unsteadiness and increasingly lose weight. 45- As it is pointed out in the passage, during the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease, ----. A) psychological symptoms such as jealousy might occur B) behavioural differences between men and women become very apparent C) people will not be able to remember events that happened a long time ago D) the symptoms of the disease may be similar to normal age-related symptoms E) people are affected physically more than mentally 42- It is clearly stated in the passage that ----. A) females are more susceptible to developing Alzheimer’s disease compared to males B) weight loss is among the first indicators of Alzheimer’s disease C) Alzheimer’s disease is not deadly to people living in crowded families D) Alzheimer’s disease is more common in countries that are currently developing E) Alzheimer’s disease cannot be distinguished from the symptoms of normal aging even in its later stages 43- It is understood from the passage that ----. A) sufferers of Alzheimer’s disease have only a few mental symptoms B) some household chores remain unaffected even if Alzheimer’s disease progresses C) people can cope with some of the early symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease with the help of others D) people can usually control the physical drawbacks of Alzheimer’s disease E) symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease can be best handled by means of psychiatric assistance 26 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu 46. - 49. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. 49- It can be understood from the passage that with the introduction of the law in 1610, people ----. Environmental health has biologic, chemical, physical and sociological components, including the immediate and future conditions in which people live. In colonial America, little attention was paid to community hygiene and sanitation, and there was almost a complete lack of community organisation for better health services. During this time, epidemics of cholera, smallpox and dysentery continually occurred. Although such epidemics were attributed to environmental health hazards such as overcrowding, inadequate housing and impure water, little was done to improve these conditions. Early attempts to ensure environmental health included a law in 1610 that prohibited the throwing out of water from dirty clothes into the street, and required people to do the necessities of nature outside the town. Those who violated the law were often subjected to strict penalties. Such measures were more concerned with the aesthetics of the environment than with related health consequences, and environmental practices were frequently directed at keeping the environment attractive. A) could be severely punished for contaminating the environment B) began to consult to the opinions of other people regarding sanitation C) found it hard to keep the environment appealing D) were obliged to wash their clothes in public places E) realized that hygiene included biologic, chemical and physical components 50. - 53. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Digestible microchips embedded in drugs may soon tell doctors whether a patient is taking their medications as prescribed. These sensors are the first ingestible devices approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). To some, they signify the beginning of an era in digital medicine. The sand particle sized sensor consists of a minute silicon chip containing trace amounts of magnesium and copper. When swallowed, it generates a slight voltage in response to digestive juices, which conveys a signal to the surface of a person’s skin where a patch then relays the information to a mobile phone belonging to a health care provider. Currently, the FDA and the analogous regulatory agency in Europe have only approved the device based on studies showing its safety and efficacy when implanted in placebo pills. But scientists hope to have the device approved within other drugs in the near future. Medicines that must be taken for years, such as those for drug-resistant diabetes, and for the elderly with chronic diseases, are top candidates. Proponents of digital medical devices predict they will provide alternatives to blood tests, MRIs and CAT scans. Other gadgets in the pipeline include implantable devices that wirelessly inject drug at pre-specified times and sensors that deliver a person’s electrocardiogram to their smartphone. 46- According to the passage, the term environmental health ----. A) B) C) D) E) 0 222 221 41 02 describes the emergence of epidemics has been around for a very long time refers to basic health standards still means little to American people includes many different factors 47- The main purpose of the passage is to ----. A) give the reader an understanding of the importance of health care B) present a historical overview of the development of environmental health C) provide background information regarding American health practices D) show the lack of understanding of environmental health in the past E) define what is meant by the term environmental health 50- It can be understood from the passage that microchips ----. 48- It is clearly stated in the passage that in the past, ----. A) are composed of sand-particle sized copper B) directly send a signal to the patient’s mobile phone C) should sometimes be separated from the drug to increase its efficacy D) are almost invisible to the naked eye E) were initially designed to observe the digestive system of patients A) dirty water was the biggest threat to health B) epidemics like cholera were not very deadly C) people were not acting collectively to provide improved health care D) serious steps were taken to prevent epidemics E) preventive health care was directed at both men and women 27 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu 0 222 221 41 02 54. - 57. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. 51- It is clear from the passage that microchips placed in drugs ----. A) prompts a high-level voltage when merged with digestive juices B) have produced prolific results on people with drug resistant diabetes C) need to be taken with juicy substances to be effective D) have been tested exclusively in European countries E) aim to inform the health care provider about the patient’s use of their medication Vitamin C boosts the immune system by strengthening the action of white blood cells that destroy harmful bacteria and viruses, such as cold and flu viruses. It is also an important antioxidant, protecting the watery internal parts of cells from the damaging effects of excess free radicals, and it works in partnership with vitamin E which protects the fatty outer part of the cells. Moreover, vitamin C can help to prevent cholesterol from becoming oxidised, a phenomenon now thought to be the precursor to the furring of arteries – the reduction of blood flow through arteries. High intakes of vitamin C are also linked with lower levels of stomach cancer. In addition, vitamin C improves the absorption of iron from non-meat sources, so ensuring a regular intake is useful if you are a vegetarian. Also, it has mild antihistamine properties, thus allergy sufferers may find it helpful. Furthermore, when we are under physical or mental stress, vitamin C is depleted from our adrenal glands; it plays a regulatory role in the production of the hormone cortisone that helps us cope with the pressures of life. 52- According to the passage, microchips could be beneficial to people ----. A) who are particularly resistant to magnesium B) facing permanent health problems C) coming from all age groups D) who cannot benefit from placebo pills E) who have problems with the surface of their skin 53- It can be inferred from the passage that digital medicine ----. 54- According to the passage, vitamin C helps to ----. A) will probably not need the advantages of wireless technology to implement further changes B) may not be as beneficial as they are thought since the devices are still in the trial period C) will be prevalent in the US before it is tested safely in Europe D) will enable medical professionals to carry out certain screening methods without being physically present with their patients E) may not help patients with their digestive problems, even with the pre-arranged guidance of health care providers A) prevent the external parts of cells from being invaded by bacteria and viruses B) defend the inner parts of cells against certain harmful particles C) overcome all the symptoms of allergic reactions D) control the absorption of the iron available in meat sources E) cure many diseases by increasing the number of white blood cells 55- It is implied in the passage that ----. A) even moderate amounts of vitamin C can help to fight against stomach cancer B) we need to take regular doses of vitamin C, as our body cannot store it C) any kind of vitamin deficiency in vegetarians can be compensated with high intakes of vitamin C D) vitamin C is the most important vitamin because of its many beneficial properties E) vitamin C helps us deal with stress by regulating the production of cortisone 28 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu 56- The passage is mainly about ----. 0 222 221 41 02 58- According to the passage, initially professionals assisted patients with sleep deprivation by ----. A) different ways in which the human body makes use of vitamin C B) why we should begin taking vitamin C supplements C) how vitamin C is absorbed into the human body D) the benefits of vitamin C as compared to other vitamins E) how much vitamin C we should obtain from food A) B) C) D) E) prohibiting the use of alternative drugs increasing the amount of sugar in their diet monitoring their sleep patterns prescribing them medicine observing their allergic reactions 59- According to the passage, doctors now approach sleeping pills as ----. 57- It can be understood from the passage that ----. A) a short-term solution to the problem of insomnia B) an essential way to help insomniacs to become normal sleepers C) a useful method to reduce sleeplessness on its own D) a suitable means to cope with the disturbances of insomnia E) an effective measure to prevent insomnia to a great extent A) inadequate amounts of vitamin C can cause adrenal glands to produce cortisone B) vitamin C often needs to be in contact with other vitamins to be of any use to the human body C) vitamin C consumption inhibits cholesterol oxidation D) vitamin C is beneficial in mild amounts, but is harmful when abundant E) it is better to get our daily supply of vitamin C from meat rather than any other kind of food 60- According to the passage, the primary drawback of sleeping pills is that they ----. A) produce inconsistent results in some people B) affect the personality of the user adversely C) have many side effects like allergic reactions D) fail to show promising results in people with low self-esteem E) lose all their effectiveness when taken irregularly 58. - 61. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Just a few decades ago, doctors would dispense sleeping pills as if they were sweets. Today, sleeping pills are no longer considered to be an appropriate solution to chronic sleeplessness. As they treat only the symptoms of insomnia, any improvement in sleep can only be temporary, thereby perpetuating the cycle of insomnia and drug-induced sleep. Ironically, many people initially turn to sleeping pills, as insomnia has left them helpless and out of control. However, pills can become a trap that escalates feelings of dependency, lowered self-esteem and guilt. Then insomniacs end up having to cope with two stressful problems: insomnia and dependency on sleeping pills. Most patients prefer non-drug approaches like avoiding caffeine and nicotine, but they do not know how best to escape the sleeplessness. However, some doctors guide their patients by prescribing the smallest possible dose, to be used only after two consecutive nights of bad sleep. As an alternative to supplement the pills, professionals provide such sleep aids as antihistamines which produce drowsiness as a side effect. Also, synthetic melatonin has recently been marketed and publicized as a natural sleeping pill. Although several studies found that melatonin was effective for promoting sleep, the studies focused on normal sleepers, not insomniacs. All in all, it seems that careful implementation of new behavioural patterns provides the most promising results to sufferers. 61- It is clearly stated in the passage that success in treating the problem of insomnia ----. A) is associated with using synthetic melatonin B) centres around following non-drug approaches C) lies primarily in changing the way that patients behave D) depends on extensive use of the sleeping pills E) can be reached by substituting the sleeping pills with antihistamines 29 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu 62. - 65. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. 0 222 221 41 02 63- It is understood from the passage that ----. A) a person’s diet may also cause genetic mutations that can change the properties of cells B) the effects of environmental factors cannot be separated from those of age and genetics C) pesticides are claimed to contribute to cancer more than any other kind of chemicals D) there are still a number of chemicals whose harmful effects have not been proved E) drugs are widely used to fight against cancer although they can sometimes destroy one’s health There are several factors that increase the risk of cancer. Mutations that affect genes are believed to contribute to the development of cancer. These genes produce proteins that regulate growth and alter cell division and other basic cell properties. Cancer-causing genetic mutations may result from the damaging effects of drugs and viruses. Additionally, environmental factors such as air pollution and radiation increase the risk of cancer. Some chemicals like pesticides are known to cause cancer, and many others are suspected of doing so, but more study is needed to identify those chemicals that increase the risk. The threat of cancer may also vary according to geographical features. This geographic variation in cancer risk is multifactorial: a combination of genetics, diet and environment. For example, the Japanese, who follow a diet that mainly includes smoked foods, have high rates of colorectal cancer. When they immigrate to the US and eat a Western diet, the risk level declines to that of the US. Age is another risk factor. While some cancers like Vilms’ tumour occur almost exclusively in children, cancers of the lungs and kidneys are more common in older people, probably due to constant exposure to carcinogens and weakening of the body’s immune system. However, not all people who are exposed to carcinogens or who have other risk factors develop cancer. 64- It is clearly stated in the passage that ----. A) a patient’s age must be taken into account while following a treatment process for some cancer types B) the immune system can be strengthened in older people in order to avoid the risk of developing cancer C) children can also suffer from cancer resulting from the weakening of the body’s immune system D) some types of cancer are more likely to progress in people whose immune systems have become less efficient through the years E) age is thought to increase the risk of developing cancer, but most cancer types are seen in young adults 62- One can understand from the passage that ----. A) once cells become cancerous, they lose their control mechanisms and divide continuously B) the final step in cancer development is the change in which the cells’ genetic properties are negatively affected C) mutations make cells more susceptible to carcinogens, thus increasing the risk of developing cancer D) cells can be more resistant to cancer after they have undergone some mutations caused by viruses E) when genes are mutated, they may malfunction and experience unusual growth, which can cause cancer 65- It can be inferred from the passage that ----. A) if a person is frequently subjected to carcinogens, he or she will certainly suffer from cancer B) where people live and what they eat may determine whether they will develop any type of cancer C) even when the immune system functions normally, cancer can escape its successful protection D) some environmental factors leading to cancer can be handled to decrease the risk while others have no way to be prevented E) the risk of developing any type of cancer in the US is less than Japan since Americans are more careful about carcinogens 30 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu 0 222 221 41 02 68- Mother : Don’t microwave plastic; you’ll get small amounts of it in your food when you heat it. It’s very unhealthy. Daughter : OK. What should I use instead when heating food? Mother : ---Daughter : All right, mum. I’ll be more careful hereafter. 66. - 70. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz. 66- William : ---Joseph : I agree. One’s emotional state of being is as important as their physical symptoms. William : I guess they wanted to focus on what they could observe and measure directly at first. Joseph : That’s right. Things that they were unable to investigate with scientific tools were regarded as unscientific. A) Plastic bottles can also be dangerous if they are left in the sun. B) You’d be better of covering your food with a ceramic or a glass plate. C) You must also be clean with kitchen tools while preparing food. D) The meal will be ready in a short time, so you don’t need to keep it long in the microwave. E) Even so, the microwave is the best choice if you want to heat your food quickly. A) The main problem that I find with medicine today is that it sometimes seems to ignore the benefits of herbal supplements. B) There have been some regulations that limit the number of patients a doctor could see. I don’t really approve of such changes. C) Certain drugs can cause emotional imbalances, and I also experienced something like that in the past. D) Some experts claim that faith and science can go hand-in-hand, whereas others consider the idea to be implausible. E) I find it rather difficult to believe that, for so long, doctors haven’t taken the psychology of their patients into consideration. 69- Doctor : Could you tell me exactly what your complaints are? Patient : I have to urinate very frequently, and when I do, I feel a burning pain. Doctor : Then, you probably have urinary tract infection, and I will prescribe you a short course of antibiotics. Patient : ---Doctor : Increasing your fluid intake will definitely help, and when you have pain, fill two bottles with hot water, wrap them in towels, and put one on your lower back and one between your thighs. 67- Aytaç : People throughout the world have started to give up using tobacco products, especially cigarettes. Okan : I know. It’s partly achieved in our country via the National Tobacco Control and Action Plan launched by the Ministry of Health. Aytaç : I’ve heard about it. It’s the project that bans smoking in all enclosed public places. Okan : ---- A) What other measures should I take or how can I help myself at home? B) I forgot to mention that I’m breastfeeding. Is it safe to use antibiotics at the same time? C) Would you like me to visit you again if it continues for longer than a week? D) I’ve also seen blood in my urine. Can it be a symptom of a more serious disease? E) It’s not the first time that I’ve got it. Do I need further investigation or treatment? A) It’s a completely well-thought decision. It protects both cigarette consumers and non-smokers. B) Smoking is said to affect our health negatively from the early stages of childhood to maturity. C) Doctors maintain that it’s one of the most preventable causes of disease and death. D) I think you’re wrong. It’s not Turkey, but Ireland that first banned smoking in all indoor workplaces. E) As far as I’m concerned, people don’t understand the scope of health problems related to smoking at all. 31 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu 0 222 221 41 02 72- Tolerance is a person’s diminished response to a drug, which occurs when the drug is used repeatedly and the body adapts to the continued presence of the drug. For instance, when morphine or alcohol is used for a long time, larger and larger doses must be taken to produce the same effect. Usually, tolerance develops because metabolism of the drug speeds up and because the number of cell receptors that the drug attaches to or the strength of the bond between the receptor and the drug decreases. ---- 70- Terry : I feel low nowadays and find everything I do meaningless. I also keep waking up in the middle of the night for apparently no reason. Sean : ---Terry : Yes, but I changed my mind when I heard the cost for just one session. Sean : In that case, I can recommend some alternative methods such as meditation and reiki. A) Do you also feel tired after getting home from work? As much as people tend to ignore it, tiredness is a serious condition. B) Do you think about your problems before you sleep? If your mind is busy with such things, you may not fall asleep quickly. C) These sound like the symptoms of restlessness. Have you heard that using lemon balm with mint generates a calming impact? D) Why don’t you go somewhere nice to just get away from the problems of daily life? You look like you’ve been under a lot of stress lately. E) You might be suffering from depression. Have you considered seeking professional help from a psychologist? A) Also, many of the drugs in current use have undergone clinical trials in order to determine the effects of long-term tolerance. B) If a patient becomes tolerant to a given drug, depending on the degree of tolerance, the doctor may increase the dose or select an alternative drug. C) However, a drug can be more beneficial when taken orally, and it is well-absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. D) The body can also develop tolerance for substances such as antihistamines and aspirin, but these tolerances rarely cause serious problems. E) In short, people respond to drugs differently due to factors such as age, genetic make-up, diet and pregnancy. 71. - 75. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 73- What happens to all the fat that gets vacuumed out of our bellies during liposuction? Old answer: it is thrown out. New answer: it could be transformed into heart cells to compensate for dying tissue after a heart attack. Fat contains stem cells that can be turned into heart muscle in a lab dish, so researchers have developed a method for extracting stem cells from a liposuction sample and giving them a new cellular identity. ---- Because they are made from a patient’s own fat, the hope is they will repair the damage done when the heart is deprived of oxygen without causing any tissue rejection. 71- Tuberculosis is generally transmitted by inhaling indoor air contaminated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. For the air to become contaminated, a person with active tuberculosis must cough the bacteria, which may remain in the air for several hours. However, a foetus may acquire tuberculosis from its mother before or during birth by breathing in or swallowing infected amniotic fluid, and an infant may acquire tuberculosis after birth by breathing in air containing infected droplets. ---A) For those who are infected with tuberculosis, surgery to remove a portion of the lung is almost never needed today if the patient faithfully follows the drug treatment plan. B) With the advances in medicine such as the development of antibiotics like Rifampicin and Ethambutol, the battle against tuberculosis seemed to be won. C) As aging may reduce the effectiveness of the body’s immune system, which can allow dormant bacteria to become reactivated, there are more cases in the elderly. D) In developing countries, children are also infected with Mycobacterium bovis that causes tuberculosis, which can be transmitted by unpasteurized milk. E) Although a tuberculin skin test is a useful way for diagnosing tuberculosis, it only indicates that an infection by the bacteria has occurred sometime in the past. A) Even if they are in great shape, there is still enough fat to be harvested from the vast majority of patients. B) When a liposuction procedure takes place, the fat removed from the body is no longer disposed of as medical waste. C) Stem cells obtained from liposuction can play an important role in bone regeneration as well. D) The fat in human body, some of which is removed during liposuction, is known as ‘adipose tissue’. E) Such cells are currently being tested in patients who have suffered from a heart attack at least once in their life. 32 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu 0 222 221 41 02 76. - 80. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 74- Insulin plays a major role in the storage of all the breakdown products of food that are absorbed into the bloodstream. Glucose (carbohydrates), triglycerides (fats), and amino acids (proteins) are all pushed into storage forms in the cells of the body by insulin. Obese people generally have higher insulin levels than people who are not obese, and any food they eat is more likely to proceed directly into storage as fat in the presence of this increased amount of insulin. ---- 76- (I) Many think of foodborne illness as an unpleasant few days of fever and diarrhoea, but for some, there may be lifelong consequences. (II) Long-term consequences are not only limited to hospitalized individuals, but they have also been recorded in people who experienced what seemed to be minor bouts of fever or diarrhoea. (III) They include infections resulting from exposure to such organisms as Salmonella and Shigella. (IV) A better way to prove the connection would be to identify victims when they first become ill and track them for years, a research agreement called a prospective study. (V) Investigations have identified them in meat, vegetables and even processed food. A) Dieticians, in fact, have succeeded in explaining the dynamics of weight gain and loss. B) However, many studies revealed that the faster glucose is dumped into the bloodstream, the more insulin is released. C) This is one of the reasons why obese people can eat very little and still not lose weight. D) Also, metabolic syndrome results in such manifestations as obesity and late-onset diabetes. E) Fructose, the major sugar in most fruits, has much less of an effect on insulin production. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 77- (I) To many, plastic surgery is synonymous with aesthetic surgery, but it encompasses reconstructive surgery as well. (II) Plastic surgery has its roots in the World Wars, when battlefield surgeons developed techniques to reconstruct wounded soldiers’ injured limbs. (III) Reconstructive surgery is exactly what it sounds like – surgery to reconstruct part of the body after a traumatic injury or correct a deformity. (IV) On the other hand, aesthetic surgery is performed to improve normal appearance. (V) Of course, many plastic surgery procedures actually include aspects of both reconstructive and aesthetic surgery. 75- The earliest deodorants were powerful perfumes which simply masked unwanted odours. Modern attempts to solve the problem of body odour rely on substances which either remove, immobilize or chemically change odour-producing particles or prevent their production. ---This sweat is called ‘apocrine sweat’ and is different from sweat produced by the rest of the skin. It contains organic matter that is broken down by skin bacteria to produce unpleasant-smelling compounds. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 78- (I) Sinusitis is usually prompted by a cold, but may occasionally be caused by a bacterial or fungal infection. (II) In some people, allergies can cause sinusitis as well. (III) Unless the symptoms are severe or long-lasting, they will probably get better without treatment. (IV) If one has small sinus drains or a deviated nasal septum in which the cartilage between the nostrils is out of place, he or she may also have sinus problems. (V) Pregnant women are especially susceptible, as their hormones can make the nose swell and increase mucus production. A) Body deodorants contain aluminium or zinc salts and act mainly by reducing the production of sweat secretion from the glands in the armpits. B) Deodorants have been the common means through which disturbing smells are handled in daily lives of both women and men. C) Changing of clothes, supplemented, when necessary, by an underarm roll-on deodorant, is an effective solution. D) It is a well-known fact that the human body sweats in order to flush out the chemicals that are harmful. E) Some powerful materials, once widely used in deodorants, have been restricted because of the danger of nerve toxicity. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 33 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS Eskişehir Dilsem Dil Kursu 0 222 221 41 02 79- (I) Bone disorders in children can result from such causes as injuries and infections. (II) Causes that affect mainly children typically involve the gradual misalignment of bones, which is caused by forces exerted on the growth plates as children are developing. (III) A poor blood supply can also damage the growth plate, as can separation from the rest of the bone or even minor misalignment. (IV) Growth spurts, therefore, are commonly observed in adolescents. (V) Certain rare hereditary disorders of connective tissue can also affect the bones. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 80- (I) A blood transfusion is the transfer of blood or a blood component from one person to another. (II) Transfusions are given to increase the blood’s ability to carry oxygen, restore the body’s blood volume, improve immunity and correct clotting problems. (III) On some occasions, the transfusion consists of only the blood component that meets the patient’s specific need, rather than whole blood. (IV) Thus, depending on the reason for the transfusion, a doctor may order a certain blood component such as red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma. (V) Thanks to better techniques for screening blood, transfusions today are safer than ever. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 34 www.dilsem.com.tr www.facebook.com/DilsemYDS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 D E C A B E C A B D 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 C E D B C B D A E C 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 C E B D A D B E D B 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 A C B D E D C A D E 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 2012 EKİM ÜDS SORULARI ORTAK BÖLÜM C 21 E 22 E 23 A 24 B 25 C 26 D 27 E 28 A 29 B 30 SOSYAL BİLİMLER D 62 D 63 B 64 E 65 E 66 D 67 A 68 B 69 E 70 D 71 FEN BİLİMLERİ C 62 A 63 D 64 B 65 C 66 E 67 A 68 C 69 B 70 E 71 SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ B 62 D 63 B 64 E 65 A 66 C 67 D 68 A 69 B 70 C 71 D C E B A E C D A B 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 D C C E B A D E B C D C E A B C A B E A D 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 A B C A C D E B D C A D B B C E A D D 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 A E B C E C D A E E D D B E A B A E D 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 B E C A D B C D E