Eng 1 ESIA July 2012
Transkript
Eng 1 ESIA July 2012
FARCAN ENERGY GENERATION INC. CO. ACWA POWER ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT ANKARA JULY 2012 ESER PROJECT AND ENGINEERING INC. CO. Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 No Revision Revision Page 1 835 MWe 1, 13, 35 2 Stack Height = 75 m 214 3 CO2 emission estimation 267 4 Steam Turbine 293.6 MW 174, 182 TITLE OF THE PROJECT OWNER FARCAN ENERGY GENERATION CO. INC. Turan Gunes Bulvarı Cezayir Cad. 718. Sokak No: 14 ADDRESS Yıldız, 06550 Çankaya Ankara / TURKEY TELEPHONE AND FAX Tel: 00 90 312 408 00 00 NUMBERS Fax: 00 90 312 408 00 10 PROJECT TITLE ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT COST $ 740.000.000 MAILING ADDRESS OF THE PROJECT LOCATIN (PROVINCE, DISTRICT, Kirikkale Province, Yahsihan District, Kiliclar Municipality LOCATION) COORDINATES OF THE PROJECT, ZONE Project Zone Coordinates are at the back page. Turkish EIA REGULATION, ARTICLE 25: In the event that an integrated project, which includes more than one project subject to this regulation, is planned, it is required by the Ministry that one Environmental Impact Assessment Report Application file is prepared. EIA REGULATION, ANNEX-1, 2- Thermal power plants: a) PLACE OF WITHIN THE EIA PROJECT REGULATION (SECTOR, SUB-SECTOR) Thermal power plants the total thermal energy of which are 300 MWt (Megawatt thermal) and above and other firing systems EIA REGULATION, ANNEX-2, 19- Ready-Mixed Concrete Plants, plants which has a production capacity 100 m3/h and over, which produces structured materials by means of compression, impact, shaking or vibration by using cement or other binding substances, plants which produce pre-stressed concrete elements, gas concrete, precast concrete panels and similar products. EBRD Environmental and Social Policies and Performance Requirements (2008) Projects, Category A Project: “ Thermal power stations and other heat combustion facilities with a heat output of > 300 MW” NAME OF THE INSTITUTION/ WORKING GROUP PREPARING ESER PROJECT AND ENGINEERING CO. INC. THE EIA APPLICATION FILE ADDRESS, FAX TELEPHONE NUMBERS INSTITUTION/ OF AND THE WORKING GROUP PREPARING THE EIA APPLICATION FILE Turan Gunes Bul. Cezayir Cad. 718 Sk. No: 14 Cankaya / ANKARA Tel : 00 90 312 408 00 00 Fax : 00 90 312 408 00 20 PRESENTATION DATE OF THE EIA APPLICATION FILE (DAY, 24.07.2012 MONTH, YEAR) This report has been prepared as part of EBRD’s public disclosure on the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report. The report is not available for any other purposes and all rights are reserved. This English report is a translated version of the Turkish report. In case of contradiction or discrepancy the Turkish version shall prevail Project Area Coordinates Coor. Line : Right, Datum : Type D.O.M. Upward Coor. Line : Latitude, Longitude ED-50 Datum : WGS-84 : UTM Type : GEOGRAPHIC : 33 D.O.M. : -- Zone : 36 Zone : -- Scale Factor : 6 degrees Scale Factor : -- 1 535261.3924:4418114.1651 39.91072581:33.41221695 2 535284.9657:4418124.2680 39.91081585:33.41249330 3 535263.2306:4418063.4297 39.91026862:33.41223572 4 535242.8524:4418002.7197 39.90972249:33.41199403 5 535217.8042:4417920.7824 39.90898530:33.41169656 6 535216.4106:4417851.7497 39.90836340:33.41167654 7 535246.6471:4417719.5732 39.90717128:33.41202314 8 535264.1212:4417650.2443 39.90654592:33.41222383 9 535291.6144:4417593.2402 39.90603119:33.41254239 10 535315.5763:4417529.9303 39.90545979:33.41281929 11 535302.2080:4417469.6473 39.90491722:33.41265964 12 535339.0337:4417459.3058 39.90482251:33.41308989 13 535380.1473:4417425.0025 39.90451173:33.41356900 14 535389.4798:4417399.0227 39.90427727:33.41367677 15 535395.2811:4417351.8556 39.90385207:33.41374208 16 535440.4303:4417341.7664 39.90375929:33.41426970 17 535460.3565:4417328.1460 39.90363574:33.41450207 18 535497.4344:4417270.8897 39.90311833:33.41493271 19 535520.8740:4417208.0967 39.90255160:33.41520349 20 535294.7265:4416989.8370 39.90059460:33.41254619 21 535299.2546:4417139.3372 39.90194136:33.41260724 22 534969.1660:4417758.1700 39.90753051:33.40877898 23 535027.3455:4417956.7321 39.90931709:33.40947027 24 535090.4853:4418020.7135 39.90989093:33.41021240 25 535115.7425:4418083.8565 39.91045878:33.41051129 26 535165.4150:4418120.0585 39.91078289:33.41109438 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Name Page No SECTION I. INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................1 SECTION II. ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION FRAMEWORK STUDIES ......................2 SECTION III. ASSESSED ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS ............................................9 SECTION IV. DEFINITION AND PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT ......................................13 SECTION V. LOCATION OF THE PROJECT PLACE .....................................................19 V.1. Project Location (1/50.000 or 1/100.000 scaled Environment Plant, which is verified by the relevant Governorship or Municipality and which includes the legend and plan notes of the activity field, verification date and stamp of exact copy of the original and in which the project site is marked, 1/5.000 scaled Approved Land Use Plan and 1/100.000 scaled Approved Application Construction Plan (With Plan Notes and Legends on otherwise display on the current land use map), display of the project site and the settlements in the vicinity, identification of the distances, the region of the project field, name, direction and distances of the facilities around, routes to be utilized to reach the facility ........................................................................................................... 19 V.2. Location of the Activity Units Within the Scope of the Project (Settlement Plans of the All Administrative and Social Units, Technical Infrastructure Units and If available Other Units, Sizes of the Indoor and Outdoor Fields Determined for These, Layer Numbers and Heights of the Buildings, Simulated Picture), A Copy of the Topographic Map Scaled 1/25.000 ....................................................................................................... 29 SECTION VI. ECONOMICAL AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF THE PROJECT ..............31 VI.1. Investment Program and Financial Resources Regarding the Realization of the Project ........................................................................................................................ 31 VI.2. Flow Process Chart or Time Table Regarding the Realization of the Project ..... 33 VI.3. Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Project ................................................................... 36 VI.4. Other Economical, Social and Infrastructure Activities Which Are Not Within the Scope of the Project But Planned to Be Realized by the Investor Company or Other Firms In Connection With the Project Realization ............................................................. 37 VI.5. Other Economical, Social and Infrastructure Activities Which Are Not Within the Scope of the Project But Required to Be Realized by the Investor Company or Other Firms and Required for the Realization of the Project ....................................................... 38 VI.6. Expropriation and/or Organization of Re-Settlement .......................................... 40 VI.7. Other Points ...................................................................................................... 41 SECTION VII. DETERMINING THE AREA THAT WILL BE IMPACTED WITHIN THE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT AND STATING THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THIS AREA (*) ..............................................................................42 VII.1. Determination of the area to be effected by the project, (Method of the determination of the impact area will be stated) ................................................................ 42 VII.2. Characteristics of the Physical and Biological Environment in the Project and Impact Area and Use of the Natural Sources.................................................................... 43 VII.2.1 Meteorological and climatic features (including the monthly-seasonal-yearly distributions of the information taken place under the topics of general and local climatic conditions of the region, temperature-rain-humidity distributions, evaporation condition, numbered days, wind distribution etc. .......................................................43 II VII.2.2 Geological properties (study of the geologic structure under the topics of physical-chemical properties of tectonic movements, mineral resources, landslide, unique formations, avalanche, flood, rock fall, 1/25000 scale general geologic map of the project area and 1/1000 and/or 1/5000 geologic map belonging to the study area and its legend, stratigraphic cross-section) ...............................................................60 VII.2.3 Hydro geological characters and extracting (suction) value of underground water sources with well safety, underground water levels, presently available caisson, deep artesian well; physical and chemical specifications of water, present and planned usage of present and planned underground water; their distances and flow rates thereof. ............................................................................................................70 VII.2.4 Hydrological Properties and Surface water Sources (physical, chemical, bacteriological and ecological specifications of lakes, fishpond, stream and other watery areas from surface water sources, within this scope, flow rates of rivers and seasonal variances, floods, water collecting basin, drainage, bank eco system of all water sources, their distances and flow rates to the activity area) .............................72 VII.2.5 At the production of Present and Planned Usage of surface water sources (Drinking, usage, irrigation water, power production, dam, lake, pond, water products production, product range and production amounts, for the purpose of water way transportation facilities, Tourism, sport and similar purpose, water and / or bank usages, other usages) ..............................................................................................77 VII.2.6 The living species in the lake and watercourses (natural characteristics of these species, species taken under protection with national and international legislation; reproduction, feeding, sheltering and living environments of these; the decisions for protection made related to these environments)...................................79 VII.2.7 Thermal and geothermal water resources .................................................80 VII.2.8 Soil characteristics and use (soil structure, classification of land usability, transport capacity, hillside stability, lubricity, erosion, use for earthworks, pasture, meadow, etc. used as the natural vegetation) ...........................................................80 VII.2.9 Agricultural areas (agricultural development project areas, special crop plantation areas), size of the watered and dry agriculture areas, crop patterns and annual production amounts of these) ........................................................................84 VII.2.10 Forest areas (types and quantities of trees, amount of the land covered and closeness of the land, the existing or planned protection for these and/or purposes for use), the Stand Structure Map in 1/25.000 scale, if outside the forest area, entry of the distance to the closest forest area from the project area, ....................................87 VII.2.11 Protection areas (National Parks, Nature Parks, Wetlands (determining the protection band for the watercourse related to the Kızılırmak River and making the related assessments), Nature Monuments, Nature Protection Areas, Wildlife Protection Areas, Biogeetic Reserve Areas, Biosphere Reserves, Natural Sit and Monuments, Historical and Cultural Sits, Special Environmental Protection Areas, Tourism Areas and Centers, areas under the coverage of the Pastures Law) ...........88 III VII.2.12 Flora and Fauna (species, particularly the local endemic species, animal species living in the area naturally, species taken under protection according to national and international legislation (Bern Treaty ANNEX-I and ANNEX-II), rare species and those under the risk of extinction and their habitats, names, populations of the hunted animals and the decisions of the Central Hunting Committee related to these animals), showing the vegetation types in the project area on a map. The measures to be taken required for the living beings that will be affected from the project and works (in the construction and operation stages). Performing the vegetation studies in the field in the period of vegetation and stating this period, furthermore, using the data from the current sources (2010-2011 data) of the Data Services of Plants in Turkey (TUBİVES) in the literature studies on the flora, Indicating the species found in the field, species found in the questionnaires and interviews, and the species taken from the literature separately, information related to the Sea Ecosystem (indicating the points for drawing and discharging water, quality of the cooling water to be discharged to the recipient environment and its effects on the marine ecosystem) ...................................................................................................96 VII.2.13 Mines and Fossil Fuel Resources (amounts of reservoirs, current and planned operational conditions, yearly production and its significance for national or local usage and economic values) ..........................................................................112 VII.2.14 Animal Husbandry (types, grazing fields, yearly production amounts, significance and value of these products for national economy) ..............................113 VII.2.15 Areas which are under the rule and at the disposal of the authorized governmental bodies (Military Restricted Zones, areas assigned to governmental institutions and organizations for certain purposes, etc.) .........................................116 VII.2.16 Determining the area of influence of the facility by performing a modeling study taking present weather quality and sensibility of the area into consideration, 116 VII.2.17 Other features .........................................................................................124 VII.3. Characteristics of Socio-Economic Environment.............................................. 124 VII.3.1 Economic Characteristics (main sectors forming the economic structure of the region, place and importance in the region and country economy, other information).............................................................................................................124 VII.3.2 Population (urban and rural population in the area; migrations, population increase ratios, other information) ...........................................................................126 VII.3.3 Social Infrastructure Services in the Region (Education, health, endemic diseases in the region, cultural services and availability of these services) .............128 VII.3.4 Urban and Rural Land Usage in the Immediate Vicinity of the Project Area 130 VII.3.5 Income and Unemployment (Distribution of the income to the lines of business, maximum, minimum and average income per capita in respect of lines of business) 131 VII.3.6 Other Characteristics ..............................................................................132 IV SECTION VIII. EFFECTS OF THE PROJECT ON THE AREA DEFINED IN SECTION IV, AND THE MEASURES TO BE TAKEN (In this section, the effects of the project on the physical and biological environment, the legal, administrative and technical measures to be taken in order to prevent these effects, to minimize and to improve them are explained in detail under VIII.1 and VIII.2. headings). 133 VIII.1. Site Preparation, Activities at the Stages of Construction and Installation, Effects on the Physical and Biologic Environment, and Measures to be Taken .............. 133 VIII.1.1 Site Preparation, and the amounts and locations of excavations to be made within the scope of the construction of the units; how and where the excavation residues such as stones, sands etc. are to be transported, and for which purposes are to be used; materials, tools and equipments to be used; dust emitting mechanical procedures such as crushing, grinding, transport and storage, and measures to be taken against dust spread. ......................................................................................133 VIII.1.2 Transport and Storage of Explosive, Inflammable, Dangerous and Toxic Materials to be used during Site Preparation and also during the Construction of the Units; For Which Procedures to Use them, and the Tools and Machines to be used for these Procedures ..............................................................................................147 VIII.1.3 Works to be implemented for ground safety (bearing strength, allowable stress, settlement calculations) ...............................................................................147 Seismicity ................................................................................................148 VIII.1.4 Seismicity ................................................................................................148 VIII.1.5 Natural Disaster Status, and precautions to be taken against block fall, landslide, and floods ...............................................................................................151 VIII.1.6 Where and how flood prevention and drainage works will be made ........151 Water supply study and plan within the scope of the project, where the water will be supplied, amount of water to be obtained from the possible resources and amounts of these waters for usage purposes, their properties, where and how they will be supplied, amount and properties of the wastewater to be generated, how it will be treated and where it will be discharges, measures to be taken in this respect (preparation of a water management plan concerning drinking and service water, explanation on what to do in case of shortage of water supply). .............................152 VIII.1.7 152 VIII.1.8 How much water will be used for project units and for which processes; the quantities of water for drinking and service usage, for dust elimination; where and how it will be supplied; preliminary treatments to be applied to the water (including treatment units and the units where it is added as mixing – feeding water); water preparation main diagram; water vapor cycle, process flowchart, water internal procedures to be applied in the cycle; the chemicals to be used or the name of the internal procedure method, .....................................................................................155 VIII.1.9 Materials to be used in cooling water and discharge structures within the project scope, precautions to be taken during the construction of the structures related with cooling water. ......................................................................................156 VIII.1.10 Required for the Natural Gas Pipeline .....................................................157 VIII.1.11 Types and quantities of the solid wastes to be generated as a result of the works to be executed until the commissioning the units from the land preparation (undertaking that it will not disposed to the creek beds), where these wastes are to be disposed of or for what purpose they will be used. ..................................................159 VIII.1.12 Types of the fuels to be used in all works from the land preparation until the commissioning of the units; consumption amounts, emissions to be generated (how it V will spread under meteorological conditions, ground level concentration amounts occurring as a result of spread). ..............................................................................164 VIII.1.13 Sources and level of vibration and noise generated due the works to be executed from the land preparation until commissioning of the units; their cumulative values; preparation of the acoustic report on the basis of the Acoustic Format available at the address of www.cevreorman.gov.tr pursuant to “Regulations on Assessment and Management of the Environmental Noise”. ..................................166 VIII.1.14 Size of the agricultural lands that will be disposed for the land preparation and construction camp, land usage capabilities of these lands, and their crop types 170 VIII.1.15 Types and numbers of the trees to be cut down tress during land preparation and for the construction camp; the precautions to be taken against forest fires. 170 VIII.1.16 Possible effects of the terrestrial and aquatic flora/fauna, and measures to be taken (including cooling water supply lines). ......................................................171 VIII.1.17 Determination of the intensity and spread effects on the underground and over-ground culture and natural assets in and close surroundings of the project (effects on the traditional urban tissue, archeological remnants, and on the natural values to be protected). ..........................................................................................172 VIII.1.18 How the personnel to be employed in the works to be executed from the land preparation until the commissioning of the units, and how and from where the housing and other technical / social infrastructure needs will be provided. ..............173 VIII.1.19 Activities of the works to be carried out from the land preparation until the commissioning of the units, those that are risky and dangerous for human health and environment. ...........................................................................................................174 VIII.1.20 Assessment of the traffic load of all in-site and out-side transports to be made within the scope of the project on and its effects. ..........................................175 VIII.1.21 Land arrangement works to be carried out for creating landscape items in the project site and for other purposes. ...................................................................177 VIII.1.22 Other Activities ........................................................................................177 VIII.2. Activities of the Project during the Operation, Effects on Physical and Biological Environment and the Precautions Required ................................................... 177 VIII.2.1 Characteristics of the units in context of the project, allocation of the activities over the units, their capacities, detailed process flow diagrams of each unit, basic process parameters, explanation of the process, services to be provided for each activity units, characteristics and amount of the machinery, vehicles, tools and equipments to be used............................................................................................177 VIII.2.2 Materials and/or services to be produced in the project units, amounts of the final and side products, marketing distributions, offering the services to where, how, which population and/or area..........................................................................189 VIII.2.3 Use and amount of water to be used in units of the project, water for which processes, how and where the water will be supplied from, how the water will be delivered to which media (detailed explanation of removal of waste water from houses and processes), the pre-treatment applied to the water (including the treatment units and the units to be added as admixture- feeding water), water preparation main flow diagram, cycle of water vapour, internal water processes to be applied in process flow diagram, the chemicals to be used .....................................190 VIII.2.4 Information related to the cooling (main and auxiliary cooling water) system, flow diagram of the cooling water, chemicals to be used, or the name of the internal process and the related amounts, the environment where the cooling water will be VI discharged, the effects to the environment and the precautions to be taken, the method used in modelling, description of the model, addition of the analysis of the existing water to the report, determination of the difference of the intake and exit temperature of the cooling water with respect to the months...................................206 VIII.2.5 How the main and auxiliary fuel to be used during the project will be provided 208 VIII.2.6 Burning of main fuel and auxiliary fuel to be used under the scope of the project at which units and in what quantities burning systems to be used, specifications of fuel, nominal calorific power, emissions, reducing measures and their efficiency, instruments to be used for measurements and systems (systems to be set up for instant-online-measuring and assessment of flue gas emissions, operations to be carried out for measurement of the existing air quality), the method used in the modeling system, description of the model, meteorological data to be used in the model (precipitation, wind, atmospheric stability/resolution, height of mixture, etc.), model inputs, results of model considering also worst-case scenario, indication of outputs obtained as the result of modeling on the land usage map, examination of effects of emissions to reach at Irmak District Urban Transformation Area located at north of the project area, Yahşihan District Center and Hacıbalı Village under the scope of meteorological data (predominant wind, etc.). ...............209 VIII.2.6.1. IMPACTS ON CLIMATE ....................................................................270 VIII.2.6.2. CLIMATE ADAPTATION ...................................................................271 VIII.2.7 Drainage system of project, quantity of catchments water, to which receiving environment it shall be discharged...........................................................272 VIII.2.8 Quantity and feature of other solid wastes to be generated during activity of the plant, storage/piling, disposal processes, where and how these wastes shall be transported to or which purposes they shall be recycled for, changes they make in receiving environments ...........................................................................................272 VIII.2.9 Vibration to be generated within the scope of the project, noise sources and levels, preparation of acoustic report according to Directive on Evaluation and Management of Environmental Noise, (taking Acoustic Format in www.cevreorman.gov.tr address as a basis) ...........................................................276 VIII.2.10 Quantity and features of radioactive wastes, potential and residual effects and suggested precautions .....................................................................................279 VIII.2.11 Dangerous, toxic, inflammable substances and explosives to be used in project units during production, their transportation and storage, usage purposes, potential dangers during their usage and measures to be taken .............................280 VIII.2.12 Possible impacts on hydrophilic and terrestrial flora/fauna and measures to be taken 281 VIII.2.13 Impacts of project on agricultural products and soil acidification, methods used for estimation of soil acidification and measures to be taken ..........................282 VIII.2.14 Impacts on ground and surface waters and measures to be taken ..........285 VIII.2.15 The evaluation of the cumulative effect by considering the current pollution load (air, water, earth) of the region ........................................................................285 VIII.2.16 From where and how will the houses and the other technical/social infrastructure requirements of the staff and their dependents who will work during the activity of the facility be met ....................................................................................288 VIII.2.17 The risky and dangerous activities for the human health and the environment, among the activities in the operational phase of the project ...............288 VIII.2.18 In how much area and how the area organizations will be established in order to create landscape elements in the project area or for other purposes VII (afforestation, green area organizations etc.), the types of vegetation and trees for those etc. 289 VIII.2.19 Proposed distance for health protection band .........................................289 VIII.2.20 The Efficiency of the Thermal Power plant, how will the waste heat be utilized. How will the heat to be given to the atmosphere due to energy loss (due to the energy loss arising from not being able to transform all of the fuel to energy) affect the meteorological conditions (relative humidity, temperature, pressure etc.)? and the precautions to be taken...........................................................................................290 VIII.2.21 Other Activities ........................................................................................290 VIII.3. The Effects of the Project on the Socio-Economic Environment ...................... 291 VIII.3.1 The income increases expected with the project; the employment possibilities to be created, population movements, immigration, training, health, culture, other social and technical infrastructure services and the changes in the utilization conditions of those services etc...............................................................291 VIII.3.2 Environmental Benefit-Cost Analysis ......................................................291 VIII.3.3 The evaluation of the social effects in connection with the realization of the project 293 SECTION IX. THE EFFECTS WHICH MAY OCCUR AND CONTINUE AFTER THE OPERATIONS OF THE FACILITY ARE CLOSED AND THE PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN AGAINST THOSE EFFECTS ................................................................................294 IX.1. Land Improvement and Reclamation Works .................................................... 294 IX.2. The Effects on the Underground and Over Ground Water Resources ............. 294 IX.3. Air Emissions Which may Occur ...................................................................... 294 SECTION X. THE ALTERNATIVES OF THE PROJECT ................................................295 In this section, the selection of the location, the technology (burning-cooling system), the comparison of the precautions to be taken and of the alternatives and the ranking of the preferences will be described.) ..................................................295 SECTION XI. THE MITIGATION AND MONITORING PROGRAM AND THE EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN ...........................................................................................305 XI.1. The Monitoring Program Proposed for the Construction of the Activity, the Operation of the Activity and the Monitoring Program Proposed for the Post Operation and the Emergency Intervention Plan ............................................................................. 305 XI.1.1 The Monitoring Program..........................................................................305 XI.2. In Case EIA Positive Certificate is Given, Program With Respect to Execution of Matters Involved in Fourth Paragraph of "Obligations of Institutions/Organizations That Received Certificate of Competency" Heading in Competency Communiqué......... 322 SECTION XII. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION .........................................................................323 VIII SECTION XIII. NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY OF INFORMATION GIVEN UNDER HEADINGS ABOVE. ..........................................................................................................329 (Explanation, as simple as possible, in a way not to include technical terms and with simplicity that people will understand, of all works planned to be performed at construction and operating phases of the project and all measures set forth to be taken for environmental impacts) ..........................................329 SECTION XIV. RESULTS ..................................................................................................332 (Summary of all explanations made, a general assessment in which important environmental impacts of project is listed and which states to what extend success might be ensured in preventing negative environmental impacts in case project is realized, selection between alternatives within the scope of project and reasons for these choices)...........................................................................332 ANNEXES IX DIRECTORY OF TABLES Table No Page No Table 1. Electricity Energy Production Amounts and Gross Energy Demand (GWh) by the Energy Resources .......................................................................................16 Table 2. Estimated Energy Demand Amounts (GWh) .......................................................17 Table 3. Project Sites Coordinates ....................................................................................21 Table 4. Information Regarding the Closest Settlements ................................................26 Table 5. Schedule Table .....................................................................................................35 Table 6. Observed Maksimal Precipitation Values in Standart Tımes (mm) ...................46 Table 7. According to Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records Wind Blowing Numbers by Months ..............................................50 Table 8. According to Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records Wind Blowing Numbers by Climates ............................................50 Table 9. According to Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records Wind Speeds by Months (m/second) ............................................55 Table 10. According to Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records, Wind Speeds by Climates (m/second) .........................................55 Table 11. According to Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records Average Number of Gales and Average Number of Strong Windy Days ..........................................................................................60 Table 12. Information on borings.......................................................................................68 Table 13. Under Ground Water Level and lithology obtained from the foundation borings carried out .............................................................................................................68 Table 14. Standard penetration (SPT) Test Results..........................................................68 Table15. Sample Pits of Exploration Pits ..........................................................................69 Table 16. Core Samples- Single Axis Pressure Tests ......................................................69 Table 17. The Flow Rates of essential river and Areas of in Kırıkkale Province ............72 Table 18. Analysis Results of the Kızılırmak River ...........................................................76 Table 19.Kırıkkale Province Animal Drinking Water and Irrigation Ponds......................77 Table 20. Kırıkkale Province UG Irrigation Plants.............................................................78 Table 21. Kızılırmak River Fish Species ............................................................................79 Table 22: Amphibian species in the Kızılırmak River .......................................................79 Table 23: Class Distribution of the Agricultural areas in the Kırıkkale Province ...........80 Table 24:.Land use in Kırıkkale Province .........................................................................80 Table 25: Distribution of Land Use in Yahşihan Sub Province ........................................81 Table 26: Results of the Soil Analysis in the Project Area and Surroundings ...............84 Table 27: Proportions of Watered and Non-watered Agriculture ....................................86 X Table 28: Annual Production Amounts of the Agricultural Products in Yahşihan Sub Province 86 Table 29: Distribution of Forest in the Kırıkkale Province in 2006 according to Operation Figures ...............................................................................................................87 Table 30: Species of the Flora ...........................................................................................99 Table 31: Distribution in Turkey of the endemic species found in the project area 102 Table 32. Fauna Tablesu/ Kuşlar (Aves) ..........................................................................105 Table 33. Fauna Tablesu/ Memeliler (Mamalia) ...............................................................106 Table 34: Fauna Table/ Reptiles .......................................................................................107 Table 35: Fauna Table/ Amphibians ................................................................................107 Table-36 Information related to the mineral resources in the City of Kırıkkale ............112 Table-37 Information related to the Quarries in the City of Kırıkkale ............................112 Table-38 Animal Population in the City of Kırıkkale .......................................................114 Table-39 Production of Animal Products – Amount of Animal Products in 2009 (in Tones) 114 Table-40 Freshwater Products by Species (2009) ..........................................................114 Table 41 the Number of Beehives and Honey and Beeswax Production in Kırıkkale in 2009................................................................................................................115 Table 42 the number of the animals present in the county of Yahşihan (2010)............115 Table 43 Amounts of the Products Obtained from Animals ..........................................115 Table 44 the Scales of the Enterprises per Animal.........................................................115 Table 45. Air Quality Sampling Points .............................................................................122 Table 47. Socio-economic development order of the Yahşihan District and Kırıkkale Central District ..................................................................................................126 Table 48. City and Village Population Data by Years of Kırıkkale Province ..................127 Table 49. Yahşihan District Province/District Central and Town/Village Population Data by Years .................................................................................................128 Table 50. Distribution of the School ................................................................................128 Table 51. Hospitals and their Capacities located in Kırıkkale Province ........................129 Table 52. Kırıkkale Province Land Ownership ................................................................130 Table 53. Kırıkkale Province Unemployed persons Distribution (2006) ........................132 Table 54. Quantities of the Excavation / Materials to Be Processed during the Construction Phase within the Scope of the Project .....................................................135 Table 55. Amounts of Dust Emissions to be Generated during the Construction Phase 136 Table 56. Expected Dust Emissions During Transporting Excavated Soil During Construction Phase ..........................................................................................................137 XI Table 57 Results and Assessment of Suspended Particulate Matter and Precipitated Dust Distribution .........................................................................................137 Table 58. Water Pollution Control Regulation- Table 21.1: Sector: Domestic Wastewaters* (Class 1: Pollution Load as Raw BOD Being between 5-120 Kg/Day, Population = 84 - 2000) .......................................................................................153 Table 59. Construction Period Solid Waste Pivottable...................................................160 Table 60. Equipments to be used during Construction Stage .......................................164 Table 61. Emission Factors of Diesel Vehicles (kg/ton-fuel)..........................................165 Table 62. Mass Flow Values of the Pollutants (kg/h) ......................................................165 Table 63. Measurements of Background Noise Level (dBA) .........................................167 Table 64. Environmental Noise Limit Values for Temporary construction camp (RAMEN, Annex-VII, Table 5) ............................................................................................168 Table 65. Culture Assets Existing in Yahşihan Town .....................................................172 Table 68. Technical characteristics of a steam türbine ..................................................185 Table 69. Problems Created by the Materials Found in the Cooling Water ..................187 Table 70. The Chemicals to be used in the Cooling System ..........................................188 Table 71. Technical Characteristics of the Cooling Tower ............................................188 Table 72. Water Pollution Control Regulation – Table 20.7: Sector. Water softening, demineralization and regeneration, actived carbon washing and regeneration facilities. ......................................................................................................205 Table 73. Water Pollution Control Regulation – Table 9.7: Sector: Coal Preparation and Energy Production Facilities (Industrial Cooling Waters in Closed Cycle) 205 Table 75. Kırıkkale Region Gas Chromatograph Values ................................................210 Table 76. Regulation on the Large Combustion Plants – Emission Limit Values ........214 Table 77. The information regarding the plant Stacks and the specification of burning gas 217 Table 78. Abac calculation inputs....................................................................................218 Table 79. Coordinates of settlement areas included in the modeling activity. .............226 Table 80. Plant Stack data and characteristics of burning gas .....................................227 Table 81. YolN Mass Flow Value Calculation ...................................................................230 Table 82. YolE Mass Flow Value Calculation ...................................................................232 Table 83. YolSE Mass Flow Value Calculation..................................................................234 Table 84. Air quality distribution modeling results (NO2) – Alternative Scenario 1 (Only Eser NGCPP) ........................................................................................................238 Table 85. Air quality distribution modeling results (NO2) – Alternative Scenario 2 (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP) ..................................................244 XII Table 86. Air quality distribution modeling results (NO2) – Alternative Scenario 2 (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP)- Maximum Hourly Values in settlement areas ...........................................................................................................249 Table 87. Air quality distribution modeling results (NO2) – Alternative Scenario 2 (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP, Kırıkkale NGCCPP and Roads) .....................................251 Table 88. Air Quality Distribution Modeling Results (NO2 )– Alternative Scenario 2 and Worst Case Modelling ............................................................................................261 Table 89. Air Quality Distribution modeling results (CO) – Alternative Scenario 3 ......265 Table 90. Solid Wastes originated during operation phase Summary Table ................273 Table 91. Background Noise Level Measurements (dBA) ..............................................277 Table 92. Environmental Noise Limit Values for Industrial Plants (RoEaMoEN, Annex-VII, Table–4.) ..........................................................................................................278 Table 93. Average pH values in water-saturated soil .....................................................283 Table 94. Acidification Sensitivity Criteria of Soils ........................................................284 Table 95. The Rates of the Energy Produced in the Facilities with the Fossil Fuels of the Member Countries of the European Union (1997)......................................297 Table 96. The Mitigation and Monitoring Program of the Land Preparation and of the Construction Phase ...............................................................................................306 Table 97. The Mitigation and Monitoring Program of Operational Phase .....................310 XIII DIRECTORY OF FIGURES Figure No Page No Figure 1. Electricity Energy Production Amounts and Gross Energy Demand (GWh) by the Energy Resources .......................................................................................16 Figure 2. Comparisons of the Installed Powers of the Thermal Plants (MW) .................18 Figure 3. Site Location Map ...............................................................................................20 Figure 4. Satellite Image-1 ..................................................................................................22 Figure 5. Satellite Image-2 ..................................................................................................22 Figure 6. Satellite Image-3 .................................................................................................23 Figure 7. Satellite Image -4 .................................................................................................23 Figure 8. Project Site Photos - 1 ........................................................................................24 Figure 9. Project Site Photos - 2 ........................................................................................25 Figure 10. Information Regarding the Closest Settlements .............................................27 Figure 11. Routes to be Used for the Transportation to the Project Site ........................28 Figure 12. Representative Picture of the ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant 29 Figure 13. Distribution of the Total Investment Income ...................................................32 Figure 14. Project Flow Process Chart ..............................................................................33 Figure 15. National Interconnected Connection System Planned to be Constructed 37 Figure 16. Satellite Image Showing the Project Site and Natural Gas Pipeline ..............39 Fİgure 17. Picture Showing the Project Site and Natural Gas Pipeline Route ................40 Figure 18. Project Impact Area ..........................................................................................43 Figure 19. Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Pressure Distribution (hPa) ................................................................................................................44 Figure 20. Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Temperature Distiribution (0C) ...........................................................................................44 Figure 21. Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station Long Terms (1975-2010) Precipitation Distribution (mm)..........................................................................................45 Figure 22. Kırıkkale Province Precipitation Intensity – Duration – Recurrence Curves 45 Figure 23. Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station Long Years Humidity Distribution (%) ...................................................................................................................48 Figure 24. According to Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010), Average Apparent Surface Evaporation (mm) .............................................49 Figure 25. According to Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records, Annual Total Seasonal Wind Diagrams by Wind Blowing Numbers 51 XIV Figure 26. Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records Seasonal Wind Diagrams by Wind Blowing Numbers ......................................52 Figure 27. Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records Monthly Wind Diagrams by Wind Blowing Numbers ........................................54 Figure 28. According to Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records, Annual Average Wind Diagrams .................................................56 Figure 29. Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records, Seasonal Wind Diagrams by Wind Speeds (m/second) ...................................57 Fignure 30. According to Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records, Monthly Wind Diagrams (m/second) ............................................58 Figure 31. According to Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records Annual Average Wind Speed Distribution (m/second) 59 Figure 35. According to Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records Wind Speed Distribution (m/second) ........................59 Figure 33: Stratigraphic colon cross-section related to the Power Plant area and it surroundings ...................................................................................................................62 Figure 34: Superficial water sources around the Project Area (www.cevreorman.gov.tr ) ..................................................................................................74 Figure 35: Sampling Point of Water sample......................................................................75 Figure 36: Distribution of the land use in Kırıkkale Province ..........................................81 Figure 37: Distribution of Land Use in Yahşihan Sub Province ......................................81 Figure 38: Land Asset Map ................................................................................................82 Figure 39: Soil sampling points .........................................................................................83 Figure 40: Distribution of Agricultural Products in Kırıkkale Province ...........................85 Figure 41. Distribution of Fruit Products of Kırıkkale Province .......................................85 Figure 42: Squaring System of Davis ................................................................................96 Figure 43: Phyto-geographical Region Map of Turkey .....................................................97 Figure 44: Vegetation Map of Turkey.................................................................................98 Figure-45 Map of Forbidden Zones for Hunting .............................................................109 Figure 46. 2009-2010 Monthly Average SO2 Emission Data of Kırıkkale City (µg/m3) 118 Figure 47. 2009-2010 Monthly Average 24 Hour SO2 Emission Data of Kırıkkale City (µg/m3) 118 Figure 48. 2009-2010 Monthly Average PM Emission Data of Kırıkkale Air Quality Monitoring Station ( µg/m3) .................................................................................119 Figure 49. 2009-2010 Monthly 24-hour Average PM Emission Data of Kırıkkale Air Quality Monitoring Station ( µg/m3) ...........................................................................120 Figure 50. Air Quality Sampling Points Map ...................................................................122 Figure 51. Pictures of the Air Quality Sampling Points ..................................................123 XV Figure 52. Organized Industrial Zone and Project Area Satellite Image .......................125 Figure 53. City and Village Population Data of Kırıkkale Province by Years ................127 Figure 54. Employment Sectors According to the Kırıkkale Province Population .......131 Figure 55. On the Topographical Map: Under Uncontrolled Conditions for 24 Hours 138 1st Maximum Concrentations of Suspended Particulate Matter on Distance Basis 138 Figure 56. On the Topographical Map: Under Uncontrolled Conditions for 24 Hours 139 1st Maximum Values of Participated Dust on Distance Basis .......................................139 Figure 57. On the Topographical Map: Under Uncontrolled Conditions Annual ..........140 Maximum Concrentations of Suspended Particulate Matter on Distance Basis ..........140 Figure 58. On the Topographical Map: Under Uncontrolled Conditions Annual ..........141 Maximum Values of Participated Dust on Distance Basis .............................................141 Figure 59. On the Topographical Map: Under Controlled Conditions for 24 Hours 142 1st Maximum Concrentations of Suspended Particulate Matter on Distance Basis 142 Figure 60. On the Topographical Map: Under Controlled Conditions for 24 Hours 143 1st Maximum Values of Participated Dust on Distance Basis .......................................143 Figure 61. On the Topographical Map: Under Controlled Conditions Annual ..............144 Maximum Concrentations of Suspended Particulate Matter on Distance Basis ..........144 Figure 62. On the Topographical Map: Under Controlled Conditions Annual ..............145 Maximum Concrentations of Precipitated Dust on Distance Basis...............................145 Figure 63. Seismic Map of Turkey ...................................................................................149 Figure 64. Kırıkkale province seismic map .....................................................................150 Figure 65. Settling Pond ...................................................................................................154 Figure 66. Satellite View showing the Natural Gas Pipeline Route and Project Site 158 Figure 67. Picture Showing Project Site and Natural Gas Pipeline Route .....................159 Figure 68. Measurement Points of Background Noise Level .........................................167 Figure 69. Noise Map (Land Preparation and Construction Phase) ..............................169 Figure 70. Project Site, and Its Location According to Main Intercity Highways .........176 Figure 71. Process Flow Diagram ....................................................................................179 Figure 72. A Typical Gas Turbine and its Equipments ...................................................181 Figure 73. General Cross Section of Cylindirical Burning Chamber and Gas Turbine182 XVI Figure 74. A typical steam turbine and its equipments ..................................................185 Figure 75. Example of Section Clarifier Tank.................................................................197 Figure76. The sample of Ultrafiltration System ..............................................................197 Figure 77. The sample of Reverse Osmosis System ......................................................199 Figure 78. Typical Flow Diagram of Package Watewater Treatment Systems..............201 Figure 79. Coagulation-Flocculation System ..................................................................202 Figure 81. Sluge Dewatering Unit ....................................................................................204 Figure 82. Scheme Showing the Typical Water Losses in a Cooling Tower .................207 Figure 83. Schematic View of the DLN Combustion Chamber ......................................213 Figure 84. Abac calculation..............................................................................................218 Figure 74. Diagram to determine the J value ..................................................................219 Figure 86. Project impact area .........................................................................................224 Figure 87. Modeling Receptor Points (Grid and divded receptors) ...............................225 Figure 88. Setelitte Image-1..............................................................................................228 Figure 89 . Traffic Volume Map of Highways and State Road (2010).............................229 Figure 90. On the land use map: 1st alternative (Only Eser NGCPP) for 24 hours, 1st highest concentrations (NO2) ....................................................................................239 Figure 91. On the topographic map: 1st alternative (Only Eser NGCPP) for 24 hours, 1st highest concentrations (NO2) ........................................................................240 Figure 92. On the land use map: 1st alternative (Only Eser NGCPP) yearly highest concentrations (NO2) ..........................................................................................241 Figure 93. On the topographic map: 1st alternative (Only Eser NGCPP) yearly highest concentrations (NO2) ..........................................................................................242 Figure 94. On the land use map: 2nd alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP) for 24 hours, 1st highest concentrations (NO2).............................245 Figure 95. On the topographic map: 2nd alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP) for 24 hours, 1st highest concentrations (NO2) .....................246 Figure 96. On the land use map: 2nd alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP) yearly highest concentrations (NO2) ..............................................247 Figure 97. On the topographic map: 2nd alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP) yearly highest concentrations (NO2).......................................248 Figure 98. On the land use map: 3rd alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP, Kırıkkale NGCCPP and Roads) for 24 hours, 1st highest concentrations (NO2)..........252 Figure 99. On the topographic map: 3rd alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP, Kırıkkale NGCCPP and roads) for 24 hours, 1st highest concentrations (NO2) ...........253 Figure 100. On the land use map: 3rd alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP, Kırıkkale NGCCPP and roads) yearly highest concentrations (NO2) ............................254 Figure 101. On the topographic map: 3rd alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP, Kırıkkale NGCCPP and Roads) yearly highest concentrations (NO2) ..........255 XVII Figure 102. On the land use map: Only Originating From Traffic for 24 hours, 1st highest concentrations (NO2) ....................................................................................256 Figure 103. On the topographic map: Only Originating From Traffic for 24 hours, 1st highest concentrations (NO2) ........................................................................257 Figure 104. On the land use map: Only Originating From Traffic yearly highest concentrations (NO2) ........................................................................................................258 Figure 105. On the topographic map: Only Originating From Traffic yearly highest concentrations (NO2)...........................................................................................259 Figure106. On the Land Use Map: Originating From Alternative Scenario 2 and Worst Case Modelling 24 Hours 1st Highest Concentrations (NO2)..............................262 Figure 107. On the Topographic map: Originating From Alternative Scenario 2 and Worst Case Modelling 24 hours, 1st Highest Concentrations (NO2) ......................263 Figure 108. On the land use map: 3rd alternative for 24 hours, 1st highest concentrations (CO) .........................................................................................................266 Figure 109. On the topographic map: 3rd alternative for 24 hours, 1st highest concentrations (CO) .........................................................................................................267 Figure 110. On the land use map: 3rd alternative yearly highest concentrations (CO) 268 Figure 111. On the topographic map: 3rd alternative yearly highest concentrations (CO) .........................................................................................................269 Kızılırmak River Flow Rate (m3/s) (2004-2008) ................................................................271 Figure 112. Background Noise Level Measurement Points ...........................................277 Figure 113. Noise Map (Operating Stage) .......................................................................279 Figure 114. The Comparison of the Coal, Petroleum, and Natural Gas Reburning Fuels 296 Figure 115. Once Through Cooling System ....................................................................299 Figure 116. Circulated Water Cooling System ................................................................300 Figure 117. The flow schema of the Dry System ............................................................301 Figure 118. Announcement Text of Public Participation Meeting and Newspaper Announcements ................................................................................................................324 Figure 119. General View from Public Participation Meeting -1 ....................................326 Figure 120. General View from Public Participation Meeting -2 ....................................327 ANNEXES ANNEX – 1 : Letter of TEIAS XVIII ANNEX – 2 : 1/25.000 Scale Topographic map & 1 / 5.000 Scale present Land Usage map ANNEX – 3 : EIA Review & Assessment Form and Stand map ANNEX – 4 : 1/100.000 Scale environment plan, Plan Report and Plan Provisions ANNEX – 5 : The Institution Comment of Kırıkkale special provincial administration public works and Urban Rehabilitation Directorate ANNEX – 6 : The Institution Comment of Kılıçlar Municipality as regard to the environmental plan ANNEX – 7 : Lay Out Plan ANNEX – 8 : The Institution Comment of BOTAS ANNEX – 9 : 1 / 1.000 Scaled Geology Map and its Legend / Geologic – Geotechnical Study Report based on the Development Plan ANNEX – 10 : The Institution Comment of 5th Regional Directorate of State Hydraulic Works ANNEX – 11 : Kızılırmak Water Analysis ANNEX – 12 : Köprükale Weir and HEPP Project and ESER NGCCPP (Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant) Project Layout Plan ANNEX – 13 : Project Site Soil Study ANNEX – 14 : The Institution Comment of the Governor Kırıkkale National Real Estate Management Revenue ANNEX – 15 : The Institution Comment of MIGEM ANNEX – 16 : NOx Analysis Results ANNEX – 17 : Acoustic Report ANNEX – 18 : Thermal Balance Diagram ANNEX – 19 : Balance Diagram of Water Mass ANNEX – 20 : Input and Raw Output Files of Air Quality Modeling Study ANNEX – 21 : Project Flood Estimates and Map of the Dry River Beds Precipitation Areas ANNEX – 22 : Kırıkkale Province Directorate of Environment Annex-2 Permit ANNEX – 23 : The General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works – Caisson Well Comment Lettering XIX ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT SECTION I. INTRODUCTION Farcan Energy Generation Company Inc. (the Project Owner) is planning to develop, finance, build, and operate a conventional natural gas fired Combined Cycle Power Plant (CCPP) with an estimated installed capacity of 835 MWe near the City of Kirikkale, Turkey. Under Turkish regulations, there is a requirement to prepare an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for this project. ESER Project and Engineering Company has prepared an EIA report on behalf of the Project Owner and submitted the report to the Turkish Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning on August 17, 2011. The submitted EIA report was prepared in accordance with the “special format” requested by the Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning. The generated electricity from the plant will be connected to the Turkish National Grid via two overhead transmission lines. Since the official corridor routes for the overhead transmission lines associated with this project are not known yet, a separate ESIA for the power lines will be prepared at later date and the Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) will be updated and revised accordingly. An Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) report has now been prepared for the CCPP which is consistent with the Turkish requirements and most importantly the Equator Principles, including international best practice, and EBRD social and environmental policies and Performance Requirements. This ESIA report assesses the Project social and environmental impacts during construction, operation and decommissioning of the Plant and proposes necessary mitigation measures to offset and /or minimize those impacts. A Non-Technical Summary (NTS) describing the Project and a Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) have also been prepared for this project as per EBRD requirements including public disclosure on EBRD website, and ESER group website. An Environmental and Social Action Management and Monitoring Plan Plan (ESAMP) has been prepared to describe the mitigation and monitoring measures necessary for this project. This plan includes relevant mitigations required during construction, operation and decommissioning to ensure compliance with both Turkish and International standards. This ESIA report should be read in conjunction with the related SEP, NTS and ESAMP documents. 1 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT SECTION II. ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION FRAMEWORK STUDIES Environmental Social and Impact Assessment is a highly important part of the Project. In the ESIA process whole possible impact areas are examined and evaluated comprehensively. Legislations followed during these examination and evaluation studies are listed in below topics. The following international regulations and guidance documents have been considered during the preparation of the ESIA Report. i. Equator Principles (revised, 2006) EBRD Environmental and Social Policies and Performance Requirements (2008). European Directives IFC Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines On THERMAL POWER PLANTS, Dec.19, 2008 IFC GENERAL EHS GUIDELINES, April 30, 2007 International Environment Conventions Applicable to Turkey Turkish Standards Equator Principles On 4th June 2003, ten banks from seven countries signed up to the Equator Principles (EPs), a voluntary set of guidelines for assessing and managing environmental and social risks in project financing. Currently, over seventy major financial institutions from around the world have adopted the EPs. These financial institutions operate in more than 100 countries worldwide. As a result, the Equator Principles have become the project finance industry standard for addressing environmental and social issues in project financing globally. At the start of 2006, the Equator Principles Financial Institutions (EPFIs) substantially reviewed the Equator Principles and these revised principles became effective from July 2006. These principles apply to all new projects financing that has a total capital cost of $10 million or more across all industry sectors (the previous threshold was $50 million). For projects with potentially significant or limited adverse social or environmental impacts (Category A and B respectively) the borrower must complete and disclose a Social and Environmental Assessment (SEA), previously called an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA). The SEA must comprise an assessment of social and environmental impacts including labour health and safety provision. 2 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The SEA report is required to address the relevant potential impacts and risks that may include some, or all, of the following: a) Assessment of the baseline environmental and social conditions; b) Consideration of feasible environmentally and socially preferable alternatives; c) Requirements under host country laws and regulations, applicable international treaties and agreements; d) Protection of human rights and community health, safety and security (including risks, impacts and management of project’s use of security personnel); e) Protection of cultural property and heritage; f) Protection and conservation of biodiversity, including endangered species and sensitive ecosystems in modified, natural and critical habitats, and identification of legally protected areas; g) Sustainable management and use of renewable natural resources (including sustainable resource management through appropriate independent certification systems); h) Use and management of dangerous substances; i) Major hazards assessments and management; j) Labour issues and occupational health and safety; k) Fire prevention and life safety; l) Socio-economic impacts; m) Land acquisition and involuntary resettlement; n) Impacts on affected communities, and disadvantaged or vulnerable groups; o) Impacts on indigenous peoples, and their unique cultural system and values; p) Cumulative impacts of existing projects, the proposed project and anticipated future projects; q) Consultation and participation of affected parties in the design, review and implementation of the project; r) Efficient production, delivery and use of energy; and s) Pollution prevention and waste minimization, pollution controls (liquid effluents and air emissions) and solid and chemical waste management. The SEA (ESIA) should also include an assessment of compliance with applicable host country laws, regulations and permits; and proposed mitigation measures relevant and appropriate to the nature and scale of the proposed project. The Equator Principles have been adopted by the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development (EBRD).The EBRD has developed additional risk management tools which not only meet those of the Equator Principles, but also exceed them to suit local specifications. 3 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT ii. EBRD Performance Requirement The EBRD adopted its first Environmental Policy in 1991 at the initial meeting of the Board of Directors. The scope of the Policy has evolved over time and it is now an Environmental and Social Policy. In recent years the EBRD has developed related Performance Requirements that were first introduced in 2008 (for details see EBRD Environmental and Social Policy Report, 2008). The Performance Requirements are as follows: PR 1 – Environmental and Social Appraisal and Management PR2 – Labour and Working Conditions PR3 – Pollution Prevention and Abatement PR4 – Community, Health and Safety PR5 – Land Acquisition, Involuntary Resettlement and Economic Displacement PR6 – Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Resource Management PR7 – Indigenous Peoples PR8 – Cultural Heritage PR9 – Financial Intermediaries PR10 – Information Disclosure and Stakeholder Engagement It should be noted that PR 7 and PR9 are not applicable to this CCPP project and Transmission lines Project. The EBRD project classification for the CCPP and Transmission lines project is “Category A”. This is due to the following: “Thermal power stations and other heat combustion facilities with a heat output of > 300 MW”. In addition “construction of high voltage overhead power lines” as required by this project is also classified as “Category A”. Within the context of the Performance Requirements for this Category A project, the following documents have been prepared for EBRD for the 60 day Public Disclosure period: Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) (September 2011) Non-Technical Summary (NTS) (September 2011) Environmental and Social Action and Management and Monitoring Plan (ESAMP) (September 2011) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) (September 2011) 4 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT iii. European Framework Directive The objective of the EU Directives is to protect, preserve and improve the environment for present and future generations. To achieve this it proposes policies that ensure a high level of environmental protection in the European Union and that preserve the quality of life. EU makes sure that Member States correctly apply EU environmental law. In doing so it investigates complaints made by citizens and non-governmental organizations and can take legal action if it is deems that EU law has been infringed. Below items are European Commission Environmental policies; iv. Air Bio-technology Chemicals Environmental Economics Enlargement and Neighboring Countries Industry and Technology International Issues Land Use Nature and Biodiversity Noise Soil Sustainable Development Waste Waste and Marine IFC Environmental Health and Sefaty Guidelines on Thermal Power Plants The Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines are technical reference documents with general and industry-specific examples of Good International Industry Practice (GIIP)1. When one or more members of the World Bank Group are involved in a project, these EHS Guidelines are applied as required by their respective policies and standards. These General EHS Guidelines are designed to be used together with the relevant Industry Sector EHS Guidelines which provide guidance to users on EHS issues in specific industrial sectors. For complex projects, use of multiple industry-sector guidelines may be necessary. 5 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The General EHS Guidelines are organized as follows: 1. Environmental Air Emissions and Ambient Air Quality Energy Conservation Wastewater and Ambient Water Quality Water Conservation Hazardous Materials Management Waste Management Noise Contaminated Land 2. Occupational Health and Safety General Facility Design and Operation Communication and Training Physical Hazards Chemical Hazards Biological Hazards Radiological Hazards Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Special Hazard Environments Monitoring 3. Community Health and Safety Water Quality and Availability Structural Safety of Project Infrastructure Life and Fire Safety (L&FS) Traffic Safety Transport of Hazardous Materials Disease Prevention Emergency Preparedness and Response 4. Construction and Decommissioning Environment Occupational Health & Safety Community Health & Safety Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines on thermal power plants document includes information relevant to combustion processes fueled by gaseous, liquid and solid fossil fuels and biomass and designed to deliver electrical or mechanical power, steam, heat, or any combination of these, regardless of the fuel type (except for solid waste which is covered under a separate Guideline for Waste Management Facilities), with a total rated heat input capacity above 50 Megawatt thermal input (MWth) on Higher Heating Value (HHV) basis. 6 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT v. International Environment Conventions Applicable to Turkey International Environment Conventions which are applicable to Turkey are listed in below; International Environment Conventions Turkey is a Party European Landscape Convention (Florence). Convention On The Conservation Of European Wildlife And Natural Habitats (Bern Convention) Convention For the protection Of the marine environment And the Coastal region Of the Mediterranean (Barcelona) Kyoto Protocol Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete ozone layer, 1987 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal. Convention on Biological Diversity Convention on Long-Range Transboundary, Air Pollution Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change vi. Turkish Legislation According to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulation published in the Official Gazette No. 26939 dated 17.07.2008, institutions, organizations and businesses are divided into two groups according to polluting qualities. In Annex-1 EIA applicable projects and in Annex-2 seelction elimination and criteria are listed according to this regulation. The ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant Project is evaluated in Annex-1, Article 2.a. Thermal power plants: thermal power of 300 MWt (megawatt thermal) and further evaluated and other combustion systems of EIA Regulation. Turkish Legislations which are taken into considerations in studying social and environmental impacts of the project are listed in below; Directive on Evaluation of Environmental Impact Environmental Auditing Directive Large Combustion Plant Directive Directive on control of Industrial Air Pollution Directive on Evaluation and Management of Air Quality Directive on Evaluation and Management of Environmental Noise Directive on Control of Water Pollution Directive on Control of Solid Wastes 7 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Directive on Control of Packing Wastes Directive on Control of Excavated Soil, Construction and Debris Wastes Directive on Control of Waste Oils Directive on Periodic Storage of Wastes Directive on Control of Hazardous Wastes Directive on Control of Worn Out Tires Directive on General Principals of Waste Management Directive on Control of Soil Pollution and Point Sourced Polluted Sites Prime Ministry Circular on Stream Beds and Floods No (2006/27) Labor Law no. 4857 and bylaws and directives And Environment Law no 2872 which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 11.08.1983 no. 18132, Law on Groundwater no 167, Aquaculture Law No 1380, Soil Conservation and Land Use Law No 5403, pasture Law No 4342, Forestry Law No 6831, and directives issued with respect to these laws and relevant legislation in force shall be abided by, and the criteria required by legal arrangements with respect to matters such as permit, license, grant etc. necessary for the plant shall be complied with. 8 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT SECTION III. ASSESSED ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS After evaluation of National and International Legislations mentioned above the most stringent limit values are applied for the power plant Project. Each standard that is followed during ESIA studies are given in below tables. i. Air Emissions Standards Air Emissions for Gas Turbine: Dry Gas, Excess O2 content 15 % Turkey1 IFC2 EU3 mg / Nm3 50 51 (25ppm) 50 (24ppm) mg / Nm3 100 not specified not specified not specified 11,7 not specified not specified not specified Pollutant Unit NOx CO CO2 SO2 mg / Nm 3 PM 35 (O2 cont. 3%) 1 Regulation on the Large Combustion Plants, Official Gazette dated 08.06.2010 and no 27605 2 IFC EHS Guidelines on Thermal Power Plants published Dec.19,2008 3 EU large Combustion Plants Directive 2001/80/EC Oct.23,2001 Air Emissions for Auxilary Boiler: Pollutant Unit Dry Gas, Excess O2 Content (%) Turkey1 IFC2 EU3 NOx mg / Nm3 3 100 240 200 CO mg / Nm3 100 SO2 mg / Nm3 35 PM mg / Nm3 5 CO2 1 Regulation on the Large Combustion Plants, Official Gazette dated 08.06.2010 and no 27605 2 IFC EHS Guidelines on Thermal Power Plants published Dec.19,2008 3 EU large Combustion Plants Directive 2001/80/EC Oct.23,2001 9 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT ii. Water Pollution Control Domestic Waste Water Standards IFC (mg/l)1 Turkish Sample 2 Hours ( mg/l)2 Turkish Sample 24 Hours ( mg/l)2 COD 125 180 120 BOD 30 50 45 Total Suspended Solids 50 70 45 Oil and Grease 10 NA NA 6 to 9 6 to 9 6 to 9 Total Nitrogen 10 NA NA Total Phosphorous 2 NA NA WATER QUALITY pH Total coliform bacteria MPN(b)/100ml 400 (a) 1 IFC EHS General Guideline puplished April 30,2007 2 Water Pollution Control Regulation, Official Gazette dated 31.12.2004and no 25687 During the evaluation of industrial wastes standards, it is seen that international standards do not assesses waste water separately bases on originated industry. Hence only Turkish Limit Values are taken into consideration. Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulation – Table 20.7: Sector. Water softening, demineralization and regeneration, actived carbon washing and regeneration facilities. Composite Sample Composite Sample for 2 hours for 24 hours (mg/L) 2000 1500 Sulphate (SO4 ) (mg/L) 3000 2500 Iron (Fe) (mg/L) 10 - Fish biotest (ZSF) - 10 - pH - 6-9 6-9 Parameter - Chlorure (Cl ) -2 Unit 10 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Water Pollution Control Regulation – Table 9,7: Sector: Coal Preparation and Energy Production Facilities (Industrial Cooling Waters in Closed Cycle) iii. Composite Sample Composite Sample for 2 hours for 24 hours (mg/L) 40 - (mg/L) 100 - Free Chlorure (mg/L) 0.3 - Total Phosphore (mg/L) 5.0 - Zinc (Zn) (mg/L) 4.0 - Parameter Unit Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Suspended Solids (TSS) Noise Turkish Standards Regulations on Assessment and Management of the Environmental Noise (RAMEN, Annex-VII, Table 5) (During Construction) Activity Type (construction, demolition and restoration) Ldaytime (dBA) Buildings 70 Roads 75 Other sources 70 *Turkish Standards say that: Noise impact should not result in a maximum increase in back ground levels of 5 dBA at the nearest receptor location off-site. Environmental Noise Limit Values for Industrial Plants (RoEaMoEN, Annex-VII, Table 4) (During Operation) Areas Lday Levening Lnight (dBA) (dBA) (dBA) 65 60 55 Areas where houses are intensive of areas where commercial buildings and noise sensitive utilities are together 11 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT IFC Standards Environmental Noise Limit Values of IFC IFC EHS General Guideline puplished April 30,2007 One Hour LAeq (dBA) NOISE Environmental Noise Receptor Daytime 07.0022.00 Night time 22.00-07.00 Residential, institutional, educational 55 45 Industrial, commercial 70 70 *IFC recommends that: Noise impact should not result in a maximum increase in back ground levels of 3 dBA at the nearest receptor location off-site. 12 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT SECTION IV. DEFINITION AND PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT (Subject of the Project, definition, lifetime, service aims, market or service fields of the activity and within this field importance and requirements across the country, region and/or province in economical and social terms) Definition, Lifetime and Service Purposes of the Project Within the scope of the project, the ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant, having an installed power of 835 MWe, is planned to be operated by Farcan Energy Generation Co. Inc. on a land of approximately 227.000 square meters on plot 103, parcel 6 situated within the boundaries of Kiliclar Municipality of Yahsihan District in Kırıkkale Province. Necessary applications have already been filed to the Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EMRA) in order to obtain the Licenses to establish a Natural Gas Power Plant and to Produce Electricity within the scope of the project. The anticipated electrical output power of the project is an installed power of 835 MWe in plant referanced site conditions and it is planned to produce 6.262 GWh of energy annually. The mechanical output power of the plant has been calculated as 835 MWe x 1.02 = 851.7 MWm considering the amount 2% more than the electrical output power. The heat power has been calculated by taking the minimum yield value as 37.23% as the turbine simple cycle yield. Two gas turbines have been anticipated within the project scope and power of each turbine is 270.7 MW. According to this, the approximate thermal output power is calculated as (270.7x2)/0.3723 =1,454.2 MWt. According to ISO standard the turbine output power of the project is determined as 907 MWe, 907 MWe x 1.02 = 925.14 MWm, 1.578 MWt. Combine Cycle Plant’s yield is around 58.5% in the referanced site conditions. Moreover, relatedly to the project with the aim of carry out the construction works, a ready-mixed concrete plant with a capacity of 100 m3/hour is foreseen within the scope of the project to be used at the construction phase. The aggregate material which is required for production of the mentioned ready-mixed concrete shall be purchased from the market as pre-prepared. The ready-mixed concrete plant shall be shut down following completion of the construction phase, after being utilised during the course of construction. The project in question has been evaluated within the scope of following annexes of the Regulation on the Environmental Impact Assessment which became effective upon being published in the Official Journal dated 17.07.2008 and numbered 26939: 13 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT - ANNEX-1,Clause 2. a. Thermal power plants: Thermal power plants and other combustion systems with a total thermal power of 300 MWt (Megawatt thermal) or more, - ANNEX-2,Clause 19. Ready-Mixed Concrete Plants, plants which has a production capacity 100 m3/h and over, which produces structured materials by means of compression, impact, shaking or vibration by using cement or other binding substances, plants which produce pre-stressed concrete elements, gas concrete, precast concrete panels and similar products. In addition to all these, it is stated in Clause 25 of the same regulation that “In the event that an integrated project consisting of more than one project subject to this regulation is planned, the Ministry shall require that a single Environmental Impact Assessment Report be prepared for the integrated project”. As per the Clause 25 of the Regulation, “ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant and Ready-Mixed Concrete Plant” have been considered as an Integrated Project and the Environmental Impact Assessment Report has been prepared accordingly. The construction works of the units are planned to last approximately for 18 months within the scope of activity subject to the project and procedures such as the assembly of the equipments which are the another part of the construction works, are planned to be finalized within approximately 12 months and in accordance with this total construction period has been foreseen as 30 months. The Ready-Mixed Concrete Plant to be used at the construction phase of the project shall be constructed within the site. The Ready-Mixed Concrete Plant shall be utilized during the construction and closed after the construction works are finalized. The project shall be transferred to the state as per the related legislations at the end of 49 years which is the period for Energy Production License or production shall be continued by renewing the production license. In order for the electricity produced by the Plant to be transmitted to the National Interconnected System, a 380 KV energy transmission line is required to be constructed. The electricity energy to be produced within the project shall be transmitted to the system in the switchyard to be constructed by the electricity energy plant. The necessary applications have been issued to Turkish Electricity Transmission Company (TEIAS) for the construction of the 380-kV Energy Transmission Line (ETL) and the connection. The opinion letter of TEIAS is enclosed (See Annex-1). Planned energy transmission lines, first part is 380 kV 2x3 bundle 1272 MCM, about 25 km and the second part is 3 bundle 1272 MCM, about 30 km are started from Eser Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant Switcyard connected to the Kayas Substation and finally connected to the existing Golbası Substation. Kayas Substation is at the planning stage and TEIAS is in charge of the construction of the said transmission station. Another connection point shall be Kirikkale Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant. The connection to this point shall be made by means of the 3-budle, 8-km ETL with a voltage of 380 kV and conductivity of 1272 MCM. 14 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The facility installed power shall be estimated 783.4 MW in the application to TEİAŞ under the feasibility studies. However, facilitiy installed power was calculated 835 MWe after optimization of the installed power and efficiency studies. Regarding the receiving License from EPDK, the necessary application will be submitted to TEIAS and EIA process shall be commenced with the necessary application to the Ministry of Environment and Urban for the planning Energy Transmission Lines which is planned in the scope of the project. Necessary applications have already been filed to the Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EMRA) in order to obtain the Licenses to establish a Natural Gas Power Plant and to Produce Electricity within the scope of the project. Required applications shall be submitted to EMRA for the issuing of the Energy Generation License following the finalization of EIA Process. Market or Service Fields of the Activity Subject to the Project and Within This Field Importance and Requirements across the Country, Region and/or Province In Economical and Social Terms The total installed power of the project is 835 MW and 6.262 GWh of energy is planned to be produced annually. The electricity energy planned to be produced within the scope of the project, which is aimed for public interest, shall be transmitted to the national integrated system and contribute to the energy production. In order for the electricity produced by the Plant to be transmitted to the National Interconnected System, a 380 KV energy transmission line is required to be constructed. The electricity energy to be produced within the project shall be transmitted to the system in the switchyard to be constructed by the electricity energy plant. The necessary applications have been issued to Turkish Electricity Transmission Company (TEIAS) for the construction of the 380-kV Energy Transmission Line (ETL) and the connection. The opinion letter of TEIAS is enclosed (See Annex-1). Having 2x3 bundle 1272 MCM conductor of approximately 25 km long, and having 3 bundle 1272 MCM conductor of about 30 km long planned ETL of 380 kV voltage shall start from switchyard that shall be installed near Eser Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant and shall be connected to Kayaş Substation which is included in TEİAŞ investment plan and subsequently shall be connected to existing Gölbaşı Substation. Kayaş Substation is at planning stage at the moment, construction of subject transformation station is under obligation of TEİAŞ. Another connection point shall be Kırıkkale Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant. It shall be connected to this point with an ETL of 380 kV voltage, 1272 MCM conductor 3 bundle and approximately 8 km long. When the data regarding the electricity energy production amounts by Turkish energy resources is considered, an increase in the electricity energy demand and the 15 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT electricity energy production has been seen on a regular basis until 2009. The detailed data by years are given in the Table 1 and Figure 1 below. Table 1. Electricity Energy Production Amounts and Gross Energy Demand (GWh) by the Energy Resources Years Energy Resources Thermal Total Hydraulic+Geothermal+Wind Total 2005 39,561 153 2006 2007 2008 2009 131,835 155,196 164,139 156,923 44,465 36,362 34,279 37,890 Turkey Total 161,956 176,300 191,558 198,418 194,813 Gross Demand 160,794 174,637 190,000 198,085 194,079 (Resource: TEIAS Statistics) Gross Demand Turkey Total Thermal Total Hydraulic + Jeotermal+ Wind Total Figure 1. Electricity Energy Production Amounts and Gross Energy Demand (GWh) by the Energy Resources Within the scope of the Capacity Projection studies carried out by the General Directorate of Turkish Electricity Transmission Line Co. Inc., predictions have been made regarding the energy demand amounts expected in Turkey between the years 2010 and 2019 and highest and lowest demand statuses obtained as a result of the study are given in the Table 2 below. 16 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 2. Estimated Energy Demand Amounts (GWh) Low Demand YEAR GWh Increase (%) High Demand GWh Increase (%) 2010 209.000 7,7 209.000 7,7 2011 219.478 5,0 219.478 5,0 2012 234.183 6,7 235.939 7,5 2013 249.873 6,7 253.634 7,5 2014 266.615 6,7 272.657 7,5 2015 284.478 6,7 293.106 7,5 2016 303.254 6,6 314.796 7,4 2017 323.268 6,6 338.091 7,4 2018 344.604 6,6 363.110 7,4 2019 367.348 6,6 389.980 7,4 (Kaynak: TEIAS Capacity Projection) When the distribution of the energy produced in Turkey is considered in terms of installed power, it is seen that 65% is provided by the Thermal Power Plants. MW % Thermal Total 29339,1 65,5 Hyraulic Total 14553,3 32,5 77,2 0,2 791,6 1,8 44761,2 100,0 Jeothermal Total Wind Total General Total When we consider the distribution of Thermal Energy in terms of installed power, it is seen that 40% is provided by the Natural Gas. Primary Energy Resource MW % Hard Coal 2391,0 8,15 Lignite 8199,3 27,95 Fuel-Oil 1651,2 5,63 Diesel 26,5 0,09 Naphta 21,4 0,07 11825,6 40,31 86,5 0,29 SOLID+LIQUID 171,4 0,58 N.GAS+LIQUID 4721,9 16,09 244,3 0,83 29339,1 100,00 Natural Gas Renewable+Waste N.GAS+LIQUID +SOLID THERMAL TOTAL 17 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT As can be seen from the table above, the thermal power plants have an important place in terms of providing the energy demand. In addition to the fact that the natural gas is the energy resource with the lowest primary investment cost compared to other energy resources, it is also seen as a clean energy resource. 12000.0 10000.0 8000.0 6000.0 4000.0 Gas+Liquid+Solid Natural Natural Gas+Liquid Solid + Liquid Natural Gas Naphta Diesel Fuel Oil Lignite Hard Coal 0.0 Renewable+Waste 2000.0 Figure 2. Comparisons of the Installed Powers of the Thermal Plants (MW) In accordance with the developing technology and the requirements and expectations of the humans, an average of annual 5-8% of increase in the electricity energy demand is expected in Turkey. In order to meet the demand in question, the electricity production in Turkey has an important place. The project in question is aimed for the public interest and shall contribute to meet the electricity energy demand in Turkey. 18 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT SECTION V. LOCATION OF THE PROJECT PLACE V.1. Project Location (1/50.000 or 1/100.000 scaled Environment Plant, which is verified by the relevant Governorship or Municipality and which includes the legend and plan notes of the activity field, verification date and stamp of exact copy of the original and in which the project site is marked, 1/5.000 scaled Approved Land Use Plan and 1/100.000 scaled Approved Application Construction Plan (With Plan Notes and Legends on otherwise display on the current land use map), display of the project site and the settlements in the vicinity, identification of the distances, the region of the project field, name, direction and distances of the facilities around, routes to be utilized to reach the facility Within the scope of the project, the ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant, having an installed power of 835 MW, is planned to be operated by Farcan Energy Generation Co. Inc. on a land of approximately 227.000 square meters on plot 103, parcel 6 situated within the boundaries of Kiliclar Municipality of Yahşihan District in Kırıkkale Province. The Site Location Map showing the Project Site is given in the Figure 3 below. 19 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Figure 3. Site Location Map 20 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The project site coordinates are given in the Table 3 below and 1/25.000 Scaled Topographic Map and General Layout and 1/5.000 scaled Current Land Use Map are enclosed (See Annex-2). The project site and the ready-mixed concrete plant shall be constructed on an appropriate field. Regarding the project site, the EIA Review and Evaluation Form and Stand Map received from the Kırıkkale Foresty Department have been enclosed (See Annex-3). As stated herein, the project in question is located within forest land and before starting any activity on the field the required permissions shall be received from the Kırıkkale Foresty Department. However, no forest existence has been seen during the field studies carried out. The natural flora has been observed as steppe. Also the 1/100.000 scaled Environment Plan, Plan Report and Provisions of the Plan have been enclosed and as can be seen here the project site is located on meadow land (See Annex-4). In the enclosed letter from Kirikkale Special Provincial Administration, it is stated that the project site is located on the meadow-pasture area and has no reservations on condition that the provisions of the Environment Plan and the related laws and legislations shall be abided by and the permissions shall be received from the related institutions (See Annex-5). Table 3. Project Sites Coordinates Coor. Line : Rightward, Up Datum : ED-50 Type : UTM D.O.M. : 33 Zone : 36 Scale Factor : 6 degrees 535261.3924:4418114.1651 535284.9657:4418124.2680 535263.2306:4418063.4297 535242.8524:4418002.7197 535217.8042:4417920.7824 535216.4106:4417851.7497 535246.6471:4417719.5732 535264.1212:4417650.2443 535291.6144:4417593.2402 535315.5763:4417529.9303 535302.2080:4417469.6473 535339.0337:4417459.3058 535380.1473:4417425.0025 535389.4798:4417399.0227 535395.2811:4417351.8556 535440.4303:4417341.7664 535460.3565:4417328.1460 535497.4344:4417270.8897 535520.8740:4417208.0967 535294.7265:4416989.8370 535299.2546:4417139.3372 534969.1660:4417758.1700 535027.3455:4417956.7321 535090.4853:4418020.7135 535115.7425:4418083.8565 535165.4150:4418120.0585 Coor. Line : Latitude, Longitude Datum : GEOGRAPHIC Type : D.O.M. : Zone : Scale Factor : 39.91072581:33.41221695 39.91081585:33.41249330 39.91026862:33.41223572 39.90972249:33.41199403 39.90898530:33.41169656 39.90836340:33.41167654 39.90717128:33.41202314 39.90654592:33.41222383 39.90603119:33.41254239 39.90545979:33.41281929 39.90491722:33.41265964 39.90482251:33.41308989 39.90451173:33.41356900 39.90427727:33.41367677 39.90385207:33.41374208 39.90375929:33.41426970 39.90363574:33.41450207 39.90311833:33.41493271 39.90255160:33.41520349 39.90059460:33.41254619 39.90194136:33.41260724 39.90753051:33.40877898 39.90931709:33.40947027 39.90989093:33.41021240 39.91045878:33.41051129 39.91078289:33.41109438 21 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The Satellite Images and Photos showing the activity field are given in the Figures 4, 5,6,7,8 and Figure 9 below. Project Area Figure 4. Satellite Image-1 Stabilized Road Kızlırmak River Project Area Figure 5. Satellite Image-2 22 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Project Area Figure 6. Satellite Image-3 Project Area Figure 7. Satellite Image -4 23 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Project Area Kızılırmak River Stabilized Road Photograph Direction Figure 8. Project Site Photos - 1 24 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Kızılırmak River Project Area Stabilized Road Photograph Direction Figure 9. Project Site Photos - 2 25 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The closest settlement to the project site is Hacibali Village and is located 2 kilometers away in the northwest of the facility. Detailed information regarding the other settlements in the vicinity of the project site, their locations and distances are given in the Table 4 and shown in the Figure 10. Table 4. Information Regarding the Closest Settlements Settlement Location by the Project Site Approximate distance (m) Hacibali Village Northeast 2.000 Irmak Municipality Northwest 3.000 Kiliclar Municipality Southwest 5.000 Yahsihan Municipality Southeast 6.000 Kirikkale Southeast 8.000 Kirikkale Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant, which belongs to GAP Petrol Imp. And Exp. Mark. And Trade Co. Inc., will be located in approximately 6.5 kilometres northeast of the project site and in approximately 16 kilometres southeast of the project site Central Anatolia Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant, which belongs to Central Anatolia Natural Gas Electricity Production and Trade Co. Inc will be located. The mentioned facilities are shown in the Figure 10. The transportation to the facility as shown in Figure 11 is enabled with AnkaraKirikkale highway, through the Ankara to Kirikkale direction by turning right the Hacıbalı village crossroad, going across old bridge which is located on the Kızılırmak River and going ahead approximately 2000 m to Kırıkkale destination with the already existing stabilized road. The ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant project site is located in Kirikkale Province, Yahsihan District Kiliclar Municipality. No approved Land Use Plan and Tentative Plan has been prepared for the project site by Municipality. The letter from Kiliclar Municipality stating that the preparation works are still in progress and there is no development plan for the Project Site is enclosed (See Annex-6). 26 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Project Area Settlement Area Power Plant Figure 10. Information Regarding the Closest Settlements 27 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Figure 11. Routes to be Used for the Transportation to the Project Site 28 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT V.2. Location of the Activity Units Within the Scope of the Project (Settlement Plans of the All Administrative and Social Units, Technical Infrastructure Units and If available Other Units, Sizes of the Indoor and Outdoor Fields Determined for These, Layer Numbers and Heights of the Buildings, Simulated Picture), A Copy of the Topographic Map Scaled 1/25.000 The coordinates of the project site are given at the opening page of the report and 1/25.000 Scaled Topographic Map and General Layout and 1/100.000 scaled Environment Plan which show the project site and the settlements in the vicinity are enclosed (See Annex-2 and Annex-4). The units such as Gas Turbine, Steam Turbine, Cooling Towers, Switchyard, Water Treatment Plant and Waste Water Treatment Plant, Administrative Building, Warehouse-Maintenance Room shall be constructed. The Layout Plan anticipated for ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant is given in the appendix (See Annex-7). Seating charts of the units which shall be installed in the scope of project shall become definite after some detailed projects. Therefore, the coordinates of units are not provided. As for thar the coordinates of project area, are given in the entry page. A Representative Picture of the Facility is shown in the following Figure12. Work Shop& Storgage Steam Turbine Heat Recovery Steam Generator Demineralized Water Administrative & Social Building RMS Transformator Gas Turbine Control Building Cooling Tower Switchyard Figure 12. Representative Picture of the ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant The project site is planned to be set up on a land of approximately 227.000 square meters on plot 103, parcel 6 situated within the boundaries of Kiliclar Municipality of Yahsiyan District in Kırıkkale Province. The land in question is under the private ownership of treasury. The other remaining areas located on the land, shall be used for recreational purposes by carrying out landscape studies. 29 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 30 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT SECTION VI. ECONOMICAL AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF THE PROJECT VI.1. Investment Program and Financial Resources Regarding the Realization of the Project The investment cost of ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant has been estimated as $740.000.000. Some of the investment cost shall be provided from the equity and most of it shall be covered by means of bank credit. The cost distribution of $ 740.000.000 by the procedures are given below and time distribution are given in the Figure 13. Total project budget Engineering, Provision, Construction Costs Unexpected Expenses of the Owner Primary Inventory & Operating Capital Project Development Expenses & Payments Expenses of the Owner & Other Expenses Cost Overrun Energy Transmission Line Expenses VAT Financing Cost Stamp Duty BSMV(Banking and Insurance Transaction Tax) Pre Financing Reserve Account Income taxes Operating Capital Total 31 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 (x106) $ % 513 24 19 29 33 19 25 74 1 3 740 69,3% 3,2% 2,6% 4,1% 4,4% 0,0% 2,6% 3,5% 9,8% 0,1% 0,4% 0,0% 0, 0% 0,0% 100,0% ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Figure 13. Distribution of the Total Investment Income 32 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT VI.2. Flow Process Chart or Time Table Regarding the Realization of the Project Within the scope of the investment subject to the project, the feasibility studies have been carried out in the first place and then attention was focused on the project studies. After the required permissions are received during this period, the construction period shall ensue. The Process is given in the Figure 14 in the below Flow Process Chart. Feasibility Studies Project Studies EIA Process Permission Receiving –Signing Contract/ Protocol Land Arrangement Studies Construction Activities Machine-Equipment Assembly Installation and Acceptance Procedures Commissioning Figure 14. Project Flow Process Chart Following the completion of EIA Process within the project and receiving the required permissions, the construction period shall commence. 33 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Within the scope of the activity subject to the project, the landscape studies shall be commenced and the construction phase and the construction of the units are planned to be completed in 25-30 months. During the construction phase, various disciplines such as construction, electricity and mechanics shall work together. Within this period of time, the Concrete Plant shall also be operated. A maximum of 1000 personnel is planned to be employed at the construction phase at the same time. Different numbers of personnel shall work at the site at different times and average number of the personnel to work at the same time has been foreseen as 500 personnel. A temporary construction camp shall be set up to be used during the construction activities in the project site and dining hall, kitchen, changing room, shower, toilet, washroom, warehouse, administrative and technical offices shall be located within the site in question. The personnel to be employed within the scope of the project will be tried to be chosen from the close settlements. In this way the personnel may demand to inhabit at their own residences and/or may demand to be transported if considered available in terms of the construction activity. The Concrete Plant to be used at the construction phase within the project shall be set up within the project site. The Ready-Mixed Concrete Plant shall be used throughout the construction period and closed down upon finalizing the construction phase. Energy Generation License shall be handed over to the state after 49 years, which is its period, according to the relevant legislation or generation shall be continued by renewing the generation license. 34 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 5. Schedule Table Activity Months 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 Ön Studies Feasibility Studies Project Studies EIA Process Required Permissions – Signing the Contract/Protocol Land Arrangements- Excavations Concrete Works Re-fill Works Installation of the Gas Turbine Installation of the Steam Turbine Installation of Heat Recovery Steam Generator Installation of the Transmission Station- Switchyard Construction of the Water Treatment and Waste Water Treatment Facilities Other Construction Works Test-Trial Studies Acceptance Procedures 35 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT VI.3. Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Project The project in question is of 835 MWe installed power and 6.262 GWh of energy production is planned annually. The electricity planned to be produced within the scope of the project, which is aimed for public interest, shall be transmitted to the national interconnected system and contribute to the electricity production. Below are given the investment costs and information regarding its return and the return on project has been calculated. NGCCPP Facility Cost Other Expenses Total Investment Cost Unit Sale Price for Electricity Annual Total Income Taxes Payable Personel and Other Facility Expenses Fuel Consumption Financing Cost Amortization Net Project Income Net Present Value of the Project Project Net Profit Investment Return Period : : : : : : : : : : : : : : $513 .000.000 $227.000.000 $740 .000.000 9,6 $/KWh $530.000.000 $10.000.000 $30.000.000 $390.000.000 $40.000.000 $10.000.000 $50.000.000 $153.000.000 $50.000.000 7 years By realizing the project in question, a great contribution to the local community shall be provided both at the construction and operation phases. Also the equipment to be used at the construction and operation phases, fuel, food requirements, and repair and maintenance works of small scale, spare parts etc. are anticipated to be provided from the region and in this way trade in the region shall be developed. People living in the region in which the project is planned to be realized generally immigrate and the region shall be enhanced in terms of employment and economy with the construction and operation phases and in this way the immigration shall also be decrased. 36 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT VI.4. Other Economical, Social and Infrastructure Activities Which Are Not Within the Scope of the Project But Planned to Be Realized by the Investor Company or Other Firms In Connection With the Project Realization Energy Transmission Line In order for the Electricity Energy to be produced at ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant to be transmitted to the National Interconnected System, a 380-kV Energy Transmission Line is required to be constructed. The electricity energy to be produced within the project shall be transmitted to the system in the switchyard to be constructed by the electricity energy plant. The necessary applications have been issued to Turkish Electricity Transmission Company (TEIAS) for the construction of the 380-kV Energy Transmission Line (ETL) and the connection. The opinion letter of TEIAS is enclosed (See Annex-1). The planned ETL with a 380 kV current, 2x3 1272 MCM conductive, approximately 25 km long and 3 bundle 1272 MCM conductive, approximately 30 km long ETL will start from the switchyard to be installed near the ESER Combined Cycle Power Plant will be connected first to the Kayaş Substation taking place in the TEIAS investment program and then to the Gölbaşı Substation existing. Kayas Transmission Station is at the planning stage and TEIAS is in charge of the construction of the said transmission station. Another connection point shall be Kirikkale Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant. The connection to this point shall be made by means of the 3-budle, 8-km ETL with a voltage of 380 kV and conductivity of 1272 MCM. The connection system in question is displayed schematically below. Planned Kayas Substation Kırıkkale NGCCPP Existing Golbası Substation ESER NGCCPP Figure 15. National Interconnected Connection System Planned to be Constructed 37 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The ETLs which are planned to be constructed by FARCAN Energy Generation Co. Inc. will be transferred to the TEIAS. Operation and Maintenance&Repairs will be conducted by TEIAS. The lifetime of the line, the construction and operation of which are planned, is anticipated to be approximately 50 years. The EIA Processes of the ETLs shall be carried out separately and the contruction works shall be commenced following the EIA Positive decision has been received. Electricity energy to be produced at ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant shall be transmitted to the 380-kV ETL interconnected system and shall contribute substantially to the energy requirement of Ankara and Kirikkale provinces and the region. The project under consideration is of major importance in terms of providing continuous and uninterrupted energy to the consumers. With the project which is planned to be constructed, it is expected that both the economies of the region and Turkey will be positively affected. Telephone – Electricity Infrastructure Within the activities to be carried out upon beginning the construction phase, the connection to the existing networks shall be made in order to meet the electricity and communication requirement. Transportation The transportation to the facility is enabled through the existing stabilized road after Ankara-Kirikkale highway. With the beginning of the construction phase, the required restorations shall be made on the stabilized road in question. VI.5. Other Economical, Social and Infrastructure Activities Which Are Not Within the Scope of the Project But Required to Be Realized by the Investor Company or Other Firms and Required for the Realization of the Project Natural Gas Pipeline Within the scope of the project, 1.109 m3 of natural gas shall be used annually for as fuel including the losses. The fuel to be used shall be provided from PPC (Petroleum Pipeline Corporation) Natural Gas Pipe Line. Preliminary route survey has been carried out on land on 18.05.2011 with the attendances of the authorities from PPC Ankara Branch Office, Land Construction and Expropriate Head Department and Counsellor Firm for the provision of natural gas to the RMS-A station for ESER NGCCPP and the Minutes enclosed has been issued (See Annex8). 38 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT As stated in the minutes the pipeline shall end at the RMS-A station to be set up (as a result of the revised land route survey to be carried out following the determination of the RMS-A location) at one of the 2 alternative points by means of hot-tap at the 365+272 kilometres of Samsun-Ankara-Natural Gas Pipe Line passing by the project site at a suitable point. Since the whole route of the pipeline is located within the firm land, the land shall not be expropriated. In the event that the valve place to be set up at the Hot-Tap point is left outside the firm land, for that part ownership expropriation shall be realized. After the EIA Process, the expropriation file shall be prepared and the right of way for the part the line passes shall be transferred to PPC at no charge following the approval by the cadastre. During the construction of the pipeline route, the Safety and Environment Regulation on the Construction and Operation of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Pipeline Facilities of PPC shall be abided by. In addition for the safety of Samsun-Ankara natural gas pipeline and environment, minimum 50 m distance shall be kept from the axis of pipeline, the said area shall not be used in any case (construction camp, storage, park). The Satellite Image and Pictures showing the Pipeline are given in the Figure 16 below. Natural Gas Pipe Lines Route Project Area Figure 16. Satellite Image Showing the Project Site and Natural Gas Pipeline 39 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Power Plant Natural Gas Pipe Lines Route Fİgure 17. Picture Showing the Project Site and Natural Gas Pipeline Route Natural Gas Regulation and Measurement Station to be constructed within the project field (RMS-A) shall be constructed in a different field from power plant. VI.6. Expropriation and/or Organization of Re-Settlement The project shall be transferred to the state at the end of the 49 years which is the period of ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant Energy Production License. The project site is planned to be set up on a land of approximately 227.000 square meters on plot 103, parcel 6 situated within the boundaries of Kiliclar Municipality of Yahsiyan District in Kırıkkale Province, and the said area is forest land. In reference to this, the Energy Generation License shall be received from EMRA after the EIA Process is finalized and upon receiving the Production License the land subject to the project shall be allocated for Farcan Energy Generation Co. Inc. through the license period. Opinion of the Governor Kırıkkale National Real Estate Management Revenue is given in the annex (See Annex-14) The Power plant project area is owned by the Treasury. Project area will be leased from the government for the whole license period. There are no residential properties exist within the project footprint or adjacent to the access road and consequently there will be no requirement for Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) 40 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The access road to the project site will be upgraded to meet construction and operation requirements. As a result landowners adjacent to the route have been invited to participate in the consultation process. In case of any expropriation need, Turkish regulations and EBRD requirements will be followed. For the widening of access road, Passage Way Permission Certificate will be taken from General Directorate for Highways in the direction of Regulation on Facilities to be Built and to be Opened in the Edge of Highways published in the Official Gazette No. 22990 dated 15.05.1997. After construction period of the project, this new road will be assigned to the Municipality and people therefore will benefit from the upgrading. This access road will remain open to the public use through the construction period. An expropriation plan will be prepared by the project investors to address the issues that might arise from upgrading this road. In the event a mutual agreement regarding compensation could not be reached, an alternative is an appropriate arbitrator will be appointed by the court. VI.7. Other Points There is no other issue to be disclosed in this section. 41 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT SECTION VII. DETERMINING THE AREA THAT WILL BE IMPACTED WITHIN THE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT AND STATING THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THIS AREA (*) VII.1. Determination of the area to be effected by the project, (Method of the determination of the impact area will be stated) Changes that are possible to occur during the preparation, construction and operation or after operation environmental and social elements directly or indirectly, in short or long term, temporarily or permanent, positive or negative direction are named as project impacts, and the area in which subject matter impacts are observed is described as Project Impact Area. When determining the project impact area, Plant Impact Area description included in the Industrial Air Pollution Control Regulation (IAPCR) and nearest settlement areas and project area and the surrounding topography were taken into consideration. The area that has radius 50 (fifty) times of the Stack heights determined according to the rules given in IAPCR Annex-4, is the facility impact area. Accordingly, since the emission Stack height included within the scope of the project is 75 m, the area that has a radius of 3.750 m must be selected as impact area. By also taking into consideration the locations of the project area and surrounding topography, and the nearest settlement places, a more wide area in the sizes of 11 km x 11 km was selected as impact area, and it is given in Figure 18. 1/25.000 scale Topographic map given as impact area is marked is presented in the annex (See Annex-2). (*) In this section, when given environmental characteristic of the area selected for the project, impact area must be taken into consideration. In consideration of the matters listed in this section, receiving source of the information obtained from related public institution and organizations, research institutions, universities or similar establishments are indicated in the notes section of the report or they are written in the related maps, documents etc. certificates. If project owner wants to give information based on his/her studies, for those that are under the authorities of public institutions and organizations, one each document certifying the accuracy of these information is obtained from the related institutions and organizations and attached to the report. 42 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Figure 18. Project Impact Area VII.2. Characteristics of the Physical and Biological Environment in the Project and Impact Area and Use of the Natural Sources. VII.2.1 Meteorological and climatic features (including the monthly-seasonalyearly distributions of the information taken place under the topics of general and local climatic conditions of the region, temperature-rain-humidity distributions, evaporation condition, numbered days, wind distribution etc. General Climatic Conditions of the Region Height of Kırıkkale province from sea level changes between 570– 1744 m. province center has a height of 720 m. Project area is in the mild temperature zone. However, the climate become continental with reasons such as being far apart of the area from the sea, daily temperature difference changes because of being steppe. Following sections have been prepared by taking into consideration of the Long Years Meteorological Data Bulletin of Kırıkkale Meteorology Station belonging to years 1975-2010 that is the nearest meteorology station to the activity area. 43 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Pressure Distribution According to the long years (1975-2010) observation records of the Kırıkkale Meteorology Station, mean pressure is 929.8 hPa, maximum pressure is 949.9 hPa and minimum pressure is 898.7 hPa in the region. Figure 19. Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Pressure Distribution (hPa) Temperature Distribution Accoring to the long years (1975-2010) observation records of the Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station, average temperature of region is 12.5C. From the point of view average temperature the hottest month is July (24.5 ºC), coldest month is January (0.5ºC). Within the same observation duration maximum temperature was determined as 41.6 ºC and minimum as -22.4 ºC. Jan. Feb. March April May June July Augus t Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec . Figure 20. Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Temperature Distiribution (0C) 44 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Rain Distribution Accoring to the long years (1975-2010) observation records of the Kırıkkale Meteorology Station, average of annual total precipitation is 375.6 mm in region. Daily maximum precipitation is observed in June with the value of 100.6 mm. The average days in which precipitation is more than 0.1 mm is 98.7. Jan. Feb. March April May June July August Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Figure 21. Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station Long Terms (1975-2010) Precipitation Distribution (mm) In Standart times, the largest 24-hour precipitation seen in 100 years is 100.8 mm. The rain disposal culverts, underground systems, above-ground structures and etc. will be planned according to this value. Dry river beds and these rivers’s precipitation areas are determined which is in the activity area. The map of showing the dry river beds precipitation areas and the studies about the project flood estimates is given in the appendix (See Annex21). In the estimations, it is calculated the number 2 basin centenary flood flow rate is 0.37 m3/sn that comes from rain, the number 3 basin centenary flood flow rate is 0.41 m3/second results from rain. Precipitation İntensity (mm/sec) In the Project area Kızılırmak River min. Water altitude is 663.10 m and Q500-max water altitude is 665.95. And the Project area has altitude over 680 is located above the Kızılırmak flood altitude. Figure 22. Kırıkkale Province Precipitation Intensity – Duration – Recurrence Curves 45 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 6. Observed Maksimal Precipitation Values in Standart Tımes (mm) OBSERVATION YEAR 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979 1978 1977 5 6.5 1.6 3.7 7.9 5.3 5.0 5.1 1.9 7.2 2.6 4.3 10.8 7.9 12.3 6.5 6.5 3.3 3.9 5.6 7.4 1.0 3.9 4.8 5.3 6.4 9.5 4.4 13.3 9.1 8.2 5.2 2.0 4.8 12.4 MINUTE 10 15 8.5 12.4 3.1 3.5 4.4 6.5 9.9 10.7 5.9 8.8 7.9 9.8 10.2 12.8 2.3 2.4 12.0 16.4 3.7 5.0 8.0 9.9 21.0 28.7 14.1 17.5 24.3 30.1 12.7 16.3 7.9 8.1 3.8 4.6 6.9 8.5 7.8 8.2 7.6 7.6 1.5 2.3 5.2 5.8 6.4 8.3 9.0 12.0 9.5 10.5 15.4 18.9 4.5 6.5 16.9 22.3 12.2 14.5 13.7 15.4 6.0 6.2 3.2 4.3 5.2 5.3 18.6 23.7 HOUR 30 16.5 4.6 8.7 12.9 13.3 13.5 15.4 3.2 18.1 8.2 12.2 42.2 21.1 52.1 19.8 8.3 6.6 10.0 9.3 8.0 3.6 9.4 10.6 16.4 10.9 21.8 12.1 25.0 16.1 18.5 6.6 5.3 6.4 29.4 1 17.6 5.6 8.7 15.3 16.5 16.0 16.1 6.2 24.0 12.3 14.5 43.9 21.2 61.4 20.7 8.9 6.6 10.4 9.4 8.6 5.1 10.8 10.8 18.4 13.4 23.2 16.3 27.1 16.7 27.7 6.7 6.3 6.9 29.4 2 23.2 7.6 13.4 17.2 18.1 17.4 18.0 9.2 25.3 14.7 17.0 45.9 21.2 66.6 20.8 11.5 8.2 14.3 12.5 10.6 8.5 13.0 11.6 22.1 17.4 23.4 19.6 28.2 17.0 29.5 6.8 7.7 7.2 29.4 3 23.2 8.6 14.2 19.2 18.4 17.4 18.3 11.8 25.9 15.1 17.4 52.6 21.4 80.6 21.1 14.0 10.3 19.1 12.7 12.9 11.5 15.3 11.6 24.1 17.4 23.5 19.9 28.2 17.0 30.1 8.4 7.8 10.2 29.4 4 23.2 9.2 14.3 21.2 18.9 17.5 18.3 13.4 25.9 15.5 20.1 52.6 21.7 88.4 21.3 15.4 13.7 20.5 12.7 14.9 13.9 18.1 12.5 25.2 17.5 23.5 19.9 28.2 17.0 32.0 10.6 7.9 11.3 29.4 46 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 5 23.2 9.6 14.3 21.2 20.2 17.5 18.4 15.3 26.6 15.6 20.4 52.7 25.5 93.3 21.8 16.3 15.8 21.1 12.7 15.4 16.7 18.9 13.5 25.2 17.5 23.5 23.8 28.2 17.0 33.7 12.6 7.9 11.4 29.4 6 23.2 10.2 14.3 21.2 21.8 17.5 18.4 18.9 26.6 15.7 20.6 52.7 26.3 98.8 21.9 16.3 16.8 21.1 12.7 15.5 18.7 19.2 16.0 25.2 18.1 23.7 24.8 28.2 17.0 33.7 14.4 8.1 11.4 29.4 8 29.4 11.4 14.3 21.3 21.8 17.5 18.4 23.5 26.7 16.3 21.7 52.7 26.4 100.2 21.9 16.3 17.9 21.3 12.9 17.5 25.7 19.4 19.4 25.2 18.1 24.2 24.8 28.8 17.0 33.7 17.3 10.6 11.6 29.4 12 35.6 15.9 16.9 21.3 21.9 17.6 18.5 28.7 26.7 16.5 24.9 52.7 26.4 100.5 22.0 17.1 18.4 21.3 12.9 23.6 30.3 21.1 21.3 25.2 18.1 24.2 24.8 28.8 17.1 33.7 19.5 12.4 12.3 29.4 18 39.2 18.9 17.7 21.4 22.0 17.7 18.6 32.0 27.2 16.8 13.7 52.7 26.4 100.6 22.2 21.3 18.5 21.4 12.9 26.9 31.3 21.3 21.3 25.2 20.7 24.9 24.8 28.8 17.1 33.8 21.0 12.6 15.9 38.6 24 39.8 21.3 21.0 21.6 22.0 26.1 21.3 34.8 27.4 32.2 35.7 52.7 27.2 100.8 25.9 30.2 26.0 21.8 15.1 26.9 31.4 40.0 36.0 33.3 21.3 33.0 27.8 34.6 24.7 33.8 26.6 12.6 28.1 39.8 24 + * ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT OBSERVATION YEAR 1975 1974 1973 1972 1971 1970 1969 1968 1967 Term Number Average Max Std.Deviation Coefficient of Skewness Appropriate Distribution Function 2 YEARS 5 YEARS 10 YEARS 25 YEARS 50 YEARS 100 YEARS 5 4.3 10.0 2.8 5.5 10.0 2.0 3.2 5.8 5.3 MINUTE 10 15 5.5 6.5 20.0 29.6 4.4 5.0 5.5 5.5 17.0 20.0 3.5 6.0 4.0 3.7 9.7 9.7 7.6 8.7 30 8.2 37.0 7.1 5.5 21.3 7.4 6.3 13.2 10.2 1 8.7 42.6 9.4 12.7 21.3 7.7 9.5 14.2 11.2 2 8.7 44.1 16.7 12.8 21.7 9.0 13.1 16.7 11.4 3 11.1 44.3 21.4 13.3 21.7 11.2 13.5 22.5 11.4 4 13.0 44.3 26.2 13.6 21.7 13.5 13.7 26.0 11.4 5 14.8 44.3 28.2 13.6 22.3 15.4 14.4 26.1 11.4 6 16.3 44.3 29.8 13.6 22.8 17.1 16.9 26.1 11.4 HOUR 8 16.8 44.3 32.0 13.9 23.9 17.7 27.9 26.1 12.4 12 18.6 44.3 33.7 15.5 23.9 20.2 30.2 26.1 16.0 18 18.7 44.3 33.7 18.6 24.4 20.3 31.5 26.1 29.0 24 20.5 50.1 33.7 19.1 30.2 24.7 37.5 26.1 29.6 24 + 43 6.0 13.3 3.06 43 9.2 24.3 5.56 43 11.5 30.1 7.41 43 14.8 52.1 10.42 43 16.8 61.4 11.45 43 18.9 66.6 11.52 43 20.4 80.6 12.97 43 21.6 88.4 13.59 43 22.5 93.3 14.01 43 23.2 98.8 14.48 43 24.4 100.2 14.42 43 25.7 100.5 14.16 43 26.7 100.6 14.23 43 31.0 100.8 13.67 44 30.9 100.8 13.51 0.59 0.91 1.09 1.80 2.00 2.23 2.91 3.28 3.48 3.75 3.78 3.81 3.60 3.33 3.37 LP3 LP3 LP3 LP3 LP3 LP3 LP3 LP3 LP3 LP3 LP3 LP3 LP3 LP3 LP3 5.6 8.6 10.4 12.4 13.7 14.8 7.9 13.2 17.0 21.9 25.7 29.5 9.5 16.3 21.5 28.8 34.7 41.0 11.8 20.4 27.6 38.2 47.4 57.7 13.5 22.7 30.4 42.4 53.0 64.7 15.8 24.9 32.3 43.6 53.5 65.3 16.8 26.1 34.2 47.0 58.7 72.7 17.8 27.1 35.3 48.6 61.0 75.9 18.6 28.1 36.4 49.9 62.3 77.3 19.2 28.7 37.1 50.8 63.6 77.9 20.4 29.9 38.4 52.2 65.1 78.6 21.6 30.9 39.3 53.2 66.3 79.0 22.8 32.5 41.0 54.7 67.1 80.7 27.7 37.9 45.8 57.4 67.3 82.4 27.8 38.1 46.1 57.8 67.6 82.4 47 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Humidity Distiribution According to the long years (1975-2010) observation records of the Kırıkkale Meteorology Station, average humidity in the ragion is 63%, average relative humidity maximum in December 77.5% and lowest in August 50.6%. Jan. Feb. March April May June July August Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Figure 23. Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station Long Years Humidity Distribution (%) Numbered Days Distribution of Region According to the long years (1975-2010) observation records of the Kırıkkale Meteorology Station, the average days in which precipitation amount is more than 0.1 mm is annually 98.7, the number of snowy days is annually 19.8, the number of snow covered days is 17.5, the number of foggy days is 11.8, the number of days with hail is 1.3, the number of frosty days is 32.9. Table 24. Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Numbered Days Distribution Months January February The Number of Snowy Days 6.3 The Number of Snow Covered Days 8 The Number of Foggy Days 3.6 The number of Days With Hail 0.1 The Number of Frosty Days 6.6 The Number Of Thunderstorm Days 0 5 4.4 1.5 0.1 6.3 0.1 March 3.1 1.6 0.4 0.2 4.1 0.5 April 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 2.5 May 0.2 6 June 5.4 July 2.2 August 1.9 September 0.1 October 2.1 0.1 0 0.9 0.9 November 1.2 0.3 1.9 0.1 6.9 0.2 December 3.7 3.1 4.1 0.1 6.7 0 Yıllık Toplam 19.8 17.5 11.8 1.3 32 21.8 48 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Maximum snowfall was seen in January with 6 days and maximum snow covered day was experienced in January with 8 days. Fog formation is seen mostly in January. Hail fail in the region is seen maximum in April, its average is 0.4 days. Days with white frost is mostly are seen in November, December and January and it is respectively 6.9, 6.7 and 6.6 days. Days with thunderstorm are experienced mostly in June, its long years average is 5.4 days. Maximum Snow Depth of Region Accoring to the long years (1975-2010) observation records of the Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station, maximum snow depth seen is 48 cm in January. Table 25. Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Maxsimum Snow Depth Months Max. Snow Depth Jan. Feb. March April 48 40 25 6 May June July August Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. 5 31 Total 48 Evaporation Condition of Region Accoring to rhe long years (1975-2010) observation records of the Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station, annually average evaporation amount is 1,312.3 mm. Highest monthly apparent surface evaporation seen is 15.7 mm in August. Figure 24. According to Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010), Average Apparent Surface Evaporation (mm) 49 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Wind Distribution of Region Accoring to long years (1975-2010) observation records of the Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station, wind blowing numbers by months and climates are given in the Table 7 and Table 8 below, their graphic form is presented in Figure 30. As can be seen from it, prevailing wind direction is primarily northeast (NE), secondarily eastnortheast (ENE), thirdly southwest (SW) and fourthly east (E) Table 7. According to Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records Wind Blowing Numbers by Months Wind Direction January February N 505 602 Months Total March April May June July August September October November December 558 457 638 948 942 737 735 654 504 408 7688 NNE 774 716 817 753 1025 1498 2245 1710 1144 1036 770 691 13179 NE 2285 2334 2995 2425 3375 3951 5404 5403 4052 3418 2418 2310 40370 ENE 2389 2410 2741 2470 3317 3622 4642 4869 3885 3937 2849 2703 39834 E 2009 1770 2229 1850 2235 2043 2253 2561 2558 2388 2423 1991 26310 ESE 640 560 562 504 571 654 572 611 645 524 573 519 6935 SE 666 500 533 456 692 483 521 401 564 690 529 771 6806 SSE 611 369 299 377 302 240 167 181 270 329 345 502 3992 S 1233 966 997 909 611 458 350 289 429 571 803 873 8489 SSW 2665 2420 2172 2274 1440 731 417 431 807 1298 1958 2516 19129 SW 3784 3028 3029 3066 2226 1287 870 850 1239 1596 2255 3574 26804 WSW 1251 1345 1602 1863 1567 1177 600 586 1091 1346 1402 1460 15290 W 1057 1179 1329 1704 1442 1218 891 732 987 972 917 889 13317 WNW 334 402 574 625 638 799 515 475 718 590 457 496 6623 NW 331 472 486 504 489 688 659 656 555 340 319 320 5819 NNW 339 450 499 419 494 786 690 555 535 328 476 419 5990 Table 8. According to Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records Wind Blowing Numbers by Climates N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW Autumn 1893 2950 9888 10671 7369 1742 1783 944 1803 4063 5090 3839 2876 1765 1214 1339 Winter 1515 2181 6929 7502 5770 1719 1937 1482 3072 7601 10386 4056 3125 1232 1123 1208 Spring 1653 2595 8795 8528 6314 1637 1681 978 2517 5886 8321 5032 4475 1837 1479 1412 50 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 Summer 2627 5453 14758 13133 6857 1837 1405 588 1097 1579 3007 2363 2841 1789 2003 2031 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT N NNW 45000 NNE 40000 35000 NW NE 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 WNW W ENE E 0 WSW The Annual Total ESE SW SE SSW SSE S Figure 25. According to Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records, Annual Total Seasonal Wind Diagrams by Wind Blowing Numbers 51 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Figure 26. Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records Seasonal Wind Diagrams by Wind Blowing Numbers 52 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT January March 53 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT r Figure 27. Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records Monthly Wind Diagrams by Wind Blowing Numbers 54 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Wind speeds according to months and climates based on the Kırıkkale Meteorology Station long years (1975-2010) observation records are given in Table 9 and Table 10 below, their graphic form is presented in Figure 28 and Figure 29. Table 9. According to Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records Wind Speeds by Months (m/second) Months Wind Direction January February March April May June July August September October November December Annual Average N 2 2.2 2.5 2.1 2.3 2.8 3.1 2.8 2.4 2 1.9 1.9 2.3 NNE 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.1 2.3 2.7 3.1 2.9 2.3 2.1 1.9 2 2.4 NE 1.7 1.9 2 2 1.9 2.2 2.7 2.5 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.7 2.0 ENE 1.6 1.8 2 1.9 2 2.1 2.6 2.6 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.9 E 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.4 ESE 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.2 1 1.1 1.3 SE 1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.1 SSE 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.1 1 1.1 1.3 S 1.4 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.6 SSW 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.0 SW 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 WSW 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.9 W 1.4 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.1 2 2 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.9 WNW 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.5 1.6 2.1 NW 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.8 2.1 2.1 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.7 NNW 2.2 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.1 2.5 2 2.2 2.1 2.5 Table 10. According to Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records, Wind Speeds by Climates (m/second) AUTUMN WİNTER SPRING SUMMER N 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.9 NNE 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.9 NE 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.5 ENE 1.6 1.7 2.0 2.4 E 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.6 ESE 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.6 SE 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.2 SSE 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.4 S 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.5 SSW 1.8 2.2 2.3 1.8 SW 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.6 WSW 1.6 1.7 2.2 2.0 W 1.7 1.6 2.2 2.1 WNW 1.8 1.7 2.3 2.4 NW 1.4 1.5 1.7 2.0 NNW 2.2 2.4 2.5 3.0 55 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Annual Average Annual Average Figure 28. According to Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records, Annual Average Wind Diagrams 56 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT SPRING SUMMER SPRING SUMMER WINTER AUTUMN AUTUMN WINTER Figure 29. Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records, Seasonal Wind Diagrams by Wind Speeds (m/second) 57 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT January February March April May July August September October November December June Fignure 30. According to Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records, Monthly Wind Diagrams (m/second) 58 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Average Wind Speed Distribution Accoring to the long years (1975-2010) observation records of the Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station, annual average wind speed is 1.8 m/second. Jan. Feb. March April May June July August Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Figure 31. According to Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records Annual Average Wind Speed Distribution (m/second) Accoring to the long years (1975-2010) observation records of the Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station, maximum wind speed is seen in March and June, and it is respectively 28.1 m/second and 28 m/second. Jan. Feb. March April May June July August Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Figure 35. According to Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records Wind Speed Distribution (m/second) Number of Gales, Strong Windy Days In Kırıkkale, maximum gale with 1.3 days was experienced in April, and strong windy days are experienced in July with 8.2 days. Accoring to long years (1975-2010) observation records of the Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station, average number of gales and average strong windy days is observed 61.6 day. 59 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 11. According to Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records Average Number of Gales and Average Number of Strong Windy Days Months Average Number of Gales Average Number of Strong Windy Days January 0.4 3.4 February 0.9 3.8 March 0.7 5.4 April 1.3 6.3 May 0.7 7.1 June 1 7.2 July 0.6 8.2 August 0.4 7.1 September 0.5 4.3 October 0.3 3.1 Novermber 0.3 2.9 December 0.2 2.8 Annual Total 7,3 61,6 VII.2.2 Geological properties (study of the geologic structure under the topics of physical-chemical properties of tectonic movements, mineral resources, landslide, unique formations, avalanche, flood, rock fall, 1/25000 scale general geologic map of the project area and 1/1000 and/or 1/5000 geologic map belonging to the study area and its legend, stratigraphic cross-section) General Geology and Stratigraphy About General Geology of the Region for the project area, "Ankara Metropolitan Area Land Use Map Explanation Report" made in 1980 by Mineral Research and Exploration Institution and "Geology and Natural Resources Project of Ankara" prepared in 1994 studies were taken as basis. Project Area is located in Kılıçlar group; and it was described as Cenomanian- Campanian, old sediments with lateral and vertical direction passage with each other, volcano- sedimentary and volcanic rock. 1/1.000 scale Geology Map and its legend showing the study area and its immediate surroundings, given in the annex, generalized stratigraphic colon cross-section is presented in Figure-33. (See Annex-9) Geologic – Geotechnical Study Report based on the Development Plan that was prepared according to the basis of Circular dated 19.08.2008 and number 10337 of the Ministry of Public Works and Settlement (General Directorate of Disaster Affairs) was preperad and is given in the appendix (See Annex-9) The Geologic – Geotechnical Study Report which is given in the appendix, shall be certified by submitting to the Ministry Of Environment And Urban Planning. The construction works shall be carried out in accordance with the points mentioned in the Geologic – Geotechnical Study Report that was submitted for approval. Within the scope of the mentioned project of ESER Natural Gas Combine Cycle Power Plant; the Plan criteria specified in the subject matter report will be fulfilled. 60 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 61 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Figure 33: Stratigraphic colon cross-section related to the Power Plant area and it surroundings 62 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT KILICLAR GROUP Within this group ophiolitic and olistostromes formed from older rocks are extensively available. The group extensively traced at the Region is divided into Hisarköy and Karadağ formations. Hisarköy formation, Cengizpınar ebonite member are separated from Kocatepe lime stone member and Radiolaritine member, meanwhile, Karadağ formation is separated from Kurşunludüz lime stone member. All of these units are traced in the vicinity of Kılıçlar village. Hisarköy Formation (Kkh): The unit generally extends at the Region in the direction of northeast – northwest. That is formed from the rock types at varied size grains from coarse gravel size to fine sand size. The sediment rocks of the unit are formed from alteration of poorly sorted volcanic grained pebbles; sand Stones sludge Stones in patches and lime Stones those are traced in between. Pebbles and sand Stones mostly attached loosely with grey, Brown, red and their Bedding is nebulous. Sorting and grading at the generality of unit are traced coarsely. Sludge stones are red, gray colored, with fine – medium layer. Within Hisarköy formation, ophiolitic and olistostromes derived from Eldivan ophiolite community at various sizes are frequently encountered. Hisarköy formation comes discordant over Eldivan ophiolite community at the northers region. The age of the unit has been determined as Senomanian – campanian. Hisarköy formation generally has been precipitated at the continent slope of which inclination is high at the deep sea medium. Although the most important source of the Sediments are the Sediments at continent and shelf, spilites and diabasea (Cengizpınar ebonite member) those are the product of contemporaneous volcanism forms a part of source rock. The tectonic activity exists at the basin becomes more intense with the effect of volcanism and contemporaneous volcanic materiel that has been moved from its location by breaking into pieces has been mixed with the materials derived from land and precipitated with essential debris flow processes. Pelagic precipitation was realized during the processes where the medium was inactive and radiolaritine, sludge stone and argillaceous lime stone were precipitated. Cengizpınar Ebonite Member (Kkhc): The Unit has been separated in the Hisarköy formation depending on its rock type character. Cengizpınar ebonite member forms from spilites (basalt), diabase and dykes and silica they have protected their cushion lava character formed at various phases and bound to them. The spilites are dark colored, with purplish, gray, while the diabase are gray and green. It has observed that Spilites are in first degree relation with sand stones with volcanic material, marl and sandy lime Stone. The ebonites at dyke position are traced as cut the units forming the Kılıçlar group. Cengizpınar ebonite member, has had influence on rock types, they are in relation therewith even if just a pinch whether by spreading as a product of deep sea volcanism or penetrating into sediments or flowing over sediment surface at the different surfaces of Precipitation at the time range lasting the Senomanian – campanian of the Hisarköy formation. 63 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Kocatepe Lime stone Member (Kkhk): Hisarköy formation has been separated as per rock type peculiarity therein. Kocatepe lime stone member is formed from alteration of traceable, pelagic argillaceous lime stone, radiolaritine – sludge Stone and Kalsilütit, even though that has achieved fragmented boudinage at long distance. Pelagic argillaceous lime stone is with red, gray, fine – medium bedding and with cockleshell refraction surface. The grains of Kalsilütits are marginally volcanic rock grains with shallow sea or reefal lime stone. Radiolaritine, sludge stone is traced as thin red surfaces. At some sections, primary relations of the Kocatepe lime stone member and the Cengizpınar ebonite member. The age of the unit is Senomanian – campanian. Radiolaritine Member (Kkhr): In the Hisarköy formation that has separated according to rock type character. The uit is formed from alteration of radiolaritine – sludge Stone. Radiolaritines are red, green, with thin layer. In radiolaritines, serpantinit ophiolitics are traced in patches. The Unit is presented in the Hisarköy formation with vertical and lateral transitive and as lens. Radiolaritines and Kalsilütits display transitions in patches. The unit contains plentiful radiolarias. It is thought that the age of unit is in the time interval of Senomanian – campanian as contemporaneous with the formation it is accompanied and with the members. Karadağ Formation (Kkk): The Karadağ formation starts with alteration of pebble, at volcanic grained sand stone at the bottom and continues with alteration of sand stone – sludge stone towards to top. Pebble and sand stone are green, brown, grey, scarlet, firmly attached with alteration of fine- medium. In sand stones, there are grading, having parallel laminating, current cross lamina convolute bedding. Sand stone is gray, brown, gray, firmly attached, with thin layer and acicular faulted. Sludge stones comes as transient over sand stone layers. In sludge stones parallel laminating is observed widespread. Argillaceous lime stones are gray, earth – brown, brown, with thin medium layer and cockle shell faulted. The Karadağ formation is transitive at the bottom with the Hisarköy formation. At this transit zone, ebonites and Kalsilütits of the Hisarköy formation and alteration of sand stone and silt stone of the Karadağ formation are traced together. The Karadağ formation is interpenetrate with the Hisarköy formation laterally. The age of the Unit is Senomanian – campanian. Besides, at the west side of Ankara, at Aşağı Yurtçu village location, the age of the Karadağ formation over the Akbayır formation is evaluated as Senomanian – Turonien. Kurşunludüz Lime stone Member (Kkkk): In the Karadağ formation, that has been seperated in accordance with rock type character as per map scale. The member forms in yellowish, white, gray, red color, with cockle shell refraction surface, with silica band and knobby, with thin - medium layer, sometimes, from argillaceous lime stone with lamina. The Kurşunludüz lime stone member is transitive with the Karadağ formation from bottom and from above. The age of the unit has been determined as Senomanian – Turonien. 64 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Ophiolitic and olistostromes in The Kılıçlar Group The Ophiolitic and olistostromes those have been derived from The Eldivan ophiolite community and denoted by the "Keo" symbol Eldivan ophiolite; are the sections where the mixture of serpentinite, gabbro, diabase, volcanic rock and / or one of them is commonly. After placement of the Eldivan ophiolite community into the Region at the time interval of albian – Apsian, mass flowing into the Senomanian – campanian aged units have been constituted as a consequence of coming at various times at the shape of attraction slides and participating in precipitation. Ilıcapınar Formation (Kı): Unit is formed from irregular alteration of conglomerate and sand stone. Conglomerates are in brown earth brown, scarlet colors, medium attached with thick – very thick layer. The layer bases are eroding. In conglomerates, large scale teknesel cross stratifications are traced. Sorting is medium. Sand stones are in green, brown color, medium attached with medium – thick bedding. At the sand stones, graded stratification, parallel laminating and small scale current cross stratifications are traced. The cement of conglomerate and sand stone is very little or not exist. The bottom limit of the Ilıcapınar formation is faulted at working area. There is very close relation between the bottom layers traced of the unit and the rock types forming the Kılıçlar Group and forming mediums. At the channel sediments in the Ilıcapınar formation, there are pebbles pertain to the rock types forming the Kılıçlar Group. Therefore, it is thought that the Ilıcapınar formation comes on the Kılıçlar Group as scratching surface, i.e. the channel sediments at the bottom section and that is precipitated in the pits opened through the Kılıçlar Group. The Ilıcapınar formation is transitive and interpenetrant with the Haymana formation at the top and as laterally. At the unit no fossil is found, but it was deemed that they are at the same age (Maastrihtiyen) with the Haymana formation to which it is interpenetrant. The Ilıcapınar formation is essentially precipitated over the Hisarköy formation, at upper undersea range, after diminishing of efficiency of volcanism at the top cretaceous. Dizilitaşlar Formation (Td): The Dizilitaşlar formation is formed from conglomerates, sand stone, shale, argillaceous lime stone and detrital lime stone. Further, that contains a lot of hundreds of meter sized monoid contemporaneous ophiolitic with reefal lime stone character derived from the Çaldağ formation. Conglomerates; are in yellow, brown, gray colored, flabby attached, with medium thick layer. There are two types of pebbles. Those are with coarse matrix support, poorly sorted Conglomera and with small gravel, grain supported medium sorted pebbles. In spite of the bottom border of the Dizilitaşlar formation is mostly faulted owing to young tectonics, there are the transitive places when Haymana formation and the sedimentological properties of rock type are taken into account. At the top, in spite of contact with the Mahmutlar formation is at the Çankırı basin is faulted, the transitional sections are also observed. At the Haymana basin, the Eskipolatlı formation comes as accordant over the Dizilitaşlar formation. The age of Dizilitaşlar formation has been determined as palaeocene. 65 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Mahmutlar Formation (Tmk): It is generally observed extensively at the East sections. The unit is separated as the Karagedik memberne formed from shale, sand stone, marl and conglomerate, as the Taşlıdere memberne formed from sand stone, sludge stone, sand stone with tuffite, and as the Kabaktepe memberne formed from pebble, less sand stone, shale and tuffite. At the sections those can not be separated for the members are indicated as the Mahmutlar formation that is composed from conglomerate, sand stone, marl, tuffite as wide spread rock type. The unit, when the sedimentological properties with the Dizilitaşlar formation at the bottom are considered it is thought that is transitional. Meanwhile at the top, the Miskincedere formation covers the Mahmutlar formation as concordant. The age of the unit has been determined as Ipresiyen – lutetian with the fossils obtained from sand stone levels, sandy lime stone at the Karagedik member and Taşlıdere member that form the Mahmutlar formation. Karagedik Member (Tmka): It is separated at the southern east section of the Region, by regarding rock type properties and precipitation medium. The member forms from shale, sand stone, marl and conglomerate. Dominant rock type is shale. Pebbles took part as inter levels with lenticular geometry. Shale is gray, dark green and black, medium attached with thin – thick layer. Where sand stone is traced thick, cross bedding, grading and parallel laminating is observed. Since the Dizilitaşlar formation is formed from convergent turbidity, the unit is transitional with the Dizilitaşlar formation due to the Dizilitaşlar formation has been formed from convergent convergent turbidite, while the Karagedik member is formed from shelf and delta sediments, and that is transitional and interpenetrant with the Taşlıdere member at the top and lateral. The age of formation has been determined as Ipresiyen – lutetian. Taşlıdere Member (Tmt): At the eastern section of the Region, that was separated according to their rock type and precipitation medium. The Taşlıdere member is formed from sand stone, sludge stone, sand stone with tuffite and tuffite. The sand stones; are white, yellow colors, medium tight attached, with thin – thick layer. No sediment structure is traced at the lower sections of the member. At the upper sections, small and large cross stratifications, parallel lamination and low angle planar cross stratification is observed. Sand stones with tuffite are yellow, tight attached, fine and medium layers. Small scale cross stratifications and parallel laminating are usual. Tuffites are yellow, red, tightly attached, with thin – medium layer, and parallel laminated. The Sludge stones are gray, insufficiently attached, with fine and thick stratification. The Sludge stones are in maximum centimeter thick and comprises of coal inclusions and carbonated plant fossils. The Taşlıdere member is transitional and interpenetrant with the Karagedik member at the bottom while is transitional and interpenetrant with the Kabaktepe member at the top. The age of formation has been determined as Ipresiyen – lutetian. Old alluvium (Terrace Material) and alluvium (Qe, Qa): Old alluviums are traced protected at various heights according to the beds of rivers at the Region. It is formed from unattached or considerably attached sand, silt and pebbles. Alluvium are the sediments of these days formed from sand, silt and pebble along with the Kızılırmak River and the branches thereof. 66 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 1 / 1.000 Scaled Geology Map and its Legend which show the study area and surrounding is enclosed and generalized stratigrafic column section is introduced in the Figure - 33 (See: Annex - 9). Structural Geology Its study area took part within the Anatolid tectonic zone at the southern of the North Anatolia fault (NAF). It has earned its tectonic structure with the Alpine Orogeny phase. At the region, it is met to the traces of the Paleotetis Ocean, at the rock types forming the Ankara Group and to the traces of the Neotetis Ocean at the rock types forming the Eldivan amphibolites community. Discordant: The first discordant at the region, is observed between the Triassic aged Ankara Group and Jura Aged Hasanoğlan formation. At the Region, the Eldivan amphibolites community of which internal order has been preserved partially and / or the Dereköy ophiolitic mélange and the discordant between the Hisarköy formations forming the Kılıçlar group and / or Karadağ Formation indicates the residues of the rock types of the Neotetis Ocean. On the other hand, the discordant between the oligocene aged Miskincedere formation, the Miocene aged ebonite and sediments indicates that marine sediment at the region has been terminated and the existence of the sediment on which terrestrial regime is dominant. The discordant between the Bozdağ Basalt that is the last product at the region and the Gölbaşı formation that is the sediments of developed basin is not observed everywhere. Geology of Survey area Geotechnical aimed sounding wells have been opened in order to determine the lithologic and geologic conditions and the engineering parameters of the rock and soil at the project area. Between the dates of 12.03.2011 and 04.04.2011, at the natural gas cycle power plant, total 152,5 m sounding study at the 7 different locations have been carried out. 6 out of these borings has been planned as boring having a purpose of geotechnical at the plant area, while 1 of them as caison well at the outside of the plant area oriented to determine soil permeability. By means of Sounding and the geophysics surveys, thick side debris of which thickness has been determined clearly and terrace material (Old alluviums) take place. This unit was referred to as tr + ym. Meanwhile, at the flat place of Kızılırmak River, current alluvium sediments (Qal) have been observed. As additional to these studies, at the power plant area exploration pits have been opened at 10 points, oriented to soil exploration. Besides, seismic measurements at 10 points and resistivity survey at 20 points have been implemented. At the borings, at the level of soil passed through it was advanced by auger, while it passed to watered system through rock and advancement is ensured with core. In addition this, foundation boreholes have been opened at the riverside of the Kızılırmak River (SK 12.00 m) oriented to determine water usage condition for the plant. Information on borings shown on the Table 12 & 13: 67 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 is to 7; is ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 12. Information on borings Sounding No Depth (m) SPT (Piece) SK-1 SK-2 SK-3 SK-4 SK-5 SK-6 SK-7 TOTAL 21.00 25.00 21.50 25.00 25.00 23.00 12.00 152,50 9 11 9 8 12 8 1 58 Land Tests Pressure Leakage Test (permeability ) piece 8 8 Table 13. Under Ground Water Level and lithology obtained from the foundation borings carried out Sounding No Place Depth (m) Level (m) Under Ground Water Level (m) SK-1 Power Plant Area 21 686 14 SK-2 Power Plant Area 25 691 17,20 SK-3 Power Plant Area 21,5 678 7,10 SK-4 Power Plant Area 25 678 10,20 SK-5 Power Plant Area 25 690 NA SK-6 Power Plant Area 23 680 NA SK-7 Kızılırmak Riverside 12 674 3 lithology 0,20 - 13,50 m Terrace Material 13,50-15,50m Silt Stone, Clay Stone 15,50-21,00 m Lime stone 0,20 - 18,00 m Terrace Material 18,00 -2 5,00 m Konglomerate 0,20 - 13,50 m Terrace Material 13,50-21,50 m Lime stone 0,20 - 13,50 m Terrace Material 13,50 - 25,00 m Konglomerate 0,20 - 19,00 m Terrace Material 19,00 - 25,00 m Lime stone 0,20 - 18,00 m Terrace Material 18,00 - 19,50m Konglomerate 19,50 - 23,00 m Lime stone 0,20 - 9,00 alluvium 9,00 - 12,00 m argillaceous Silt At the study area, geological structure generally is formed from current alluviums at the Kızılırmak River bedding, from the side debris & Terrace Material at the section close to whole site and formed from the Hisarköy formation (Kkh) and serpentines at the upper side from 700 - 705 m. levels. Upper levels of the side debris & Terrace Material are loose – medium tight and the lower levels have the property of tight - very tight. While the bearing power of soil at loose medium tight character is at the level of 0,88 kg / cm2, this value at the tight levels claims up to qem = 3,4 kg / cm2. At the rock, the value of bearing power is varied between 5 – 16 kg/cm2. Table 14. Standard penetration (SPT) Test Results Pit / Sounding No. Sample No Depth (m) Water Content (%) SK - 1 " " SK - 2 " " " " SK - 3 " " " SK - 4 SPT - 2 SPT - 4 SPT - 6 SPT - 2 SPT - 4 SPT - 6 SPT - 8 SPT - 11 SPT - 1 SPT - 3 SPT - 5 SPT - 8 SPT - 1 3,00-3,45 6,00-6,45 9,00-9,45 3,00-3,45 6,00-6,45 9,00-9,45 12,00-12,45 16,50-16,95 1,50-1,95 4,50-4,95 7,50-7,95 12,00-12,13 1,50-1,95 13,7 7,8 16,1 10,1 13,6 9,6 11,6 16,7 8,0 6,4 6,0 14,5 10,9 Sieve Analysis Soil Class No. 4 Residue (%) 200 Passing (%) LL (%) PL (%) PI (%) 25,9 46,0 16,3 22,8 1,7 40,2 1,2 1,5 31,9 68,6 84,0 10,7 12,4 28,6 17,8 54,6 28,2 75,3 15,7 75,3 1,9 20,1 7,8 3,1 48,5 35,2 28,6 32,0 36,7 30,4 44,2 33,0 36,2 14,6 16,8 18,0 15,5 21,6 19,6 18,5 NP 15,3 NP NP 16,7 18,3 14,0 15,2 18,7 14,9 22,6 13,4 17,7 68 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 Atterberg Limits 29,8 27,3 29,4 14,5 10,6 11,1 SC GC CL SC CL SC CL SP SC GM GW SC SC ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT " " " SK-5 " " " " " SK-6 " " SPT - 3 SPT - 5 SPT-7 SPT-1 SPT-3 SPT-5 SPT-7 SPT-9 SPT-11 SPT-2 SPT-4 SPT-6 4,50-4,95 7,50-7,95 10,50-10,95 1,50-1,95 4,50-4,95 7,50-7,95 10,50-10,95 13,50-13,95 16,50-16,95 3,00-3,45 6,00-6,45 9,00-9,18 9,4 9,0 10,0 15,9 16,7 14,5 14,5 21,9 27,0 11,4 20,3 9,4 23,6 23,4 27,0 8,0 1,4 21,3 2,6 2,5 3,2 14,2 6,2 23,8 10,9 2,4 6,8 53,8 75,3 35,0 71,7 69,6 58,0 60,2 53,1 13,0 NP NP NP 18,4 19,6 17,3 19,6 21,4 18,6 NP 16,5 NP 35,3 37,3 31,2 37,9 54,3 31,9 27,7 SW-SM SP SP-SM CL CL SC CL CH CL ML CL SM 16,9 17,7 13,9 18,3 32,9 13,3 11,2 Table15. Sample Pits of Exploration Pits Pit / Sounding No. Sample No Depth (m) Water Content (%) AÇ-1 AÇ-2 AÇ-3 AÇ-4 AÇ-5 AÇ-6 AÇ-7 AÇ-8 AÇ-9 AÇ-10 NUM-1 NUM-1 NUM-1 NUM-1 NUM-1 NUM-1 NUM-1 NUM-1 NUM-1 NUM-1 3,00 3,00 3,00 3,00 3,50 3,00 3,00 3,00 3,00 3,00 8,6 10,2 12,9 13,6 9,0 6,2 3,6 8,5 14,9 8,2 Sieve Analysis No. 4 200 Residue Passing (%) (%) 28,5 15,8 28,1 19,0 20,3 31,8 21,1 32,5 23,9 39,2 51,6 16,0 41,0 8,3 46,7 31,9 6,6 53,1 8,7 13,8 Atterberg Limits PL PI (%) (%) LL (%) 30,6 29,9 31,6 34,0 30,8 30,5 26,7 33,7 29,5 15,9 16,4 16,6 17,8 15,6 NP 18,6 13,4 19,5 16,2 Soil Class 14,7 13,5 15,0 16,2 15,2 SC SC SC SC SC GM SW-SC GC CL SC 11,9 13,3 14,2 13,3 Table 16. Core Samples- Single Axis Pressure Tests Sample Diameter (mm) Sample Weight (g) Natural Unit Volume Weight (kN / m3) Sample Section Area (cm2) Failure Load P (kg) Single Axis Pressure Test qu (kg/cm2) Sounding No Sample No Depth (m) Sample Lenght (mm) SK-1 CORE -1 16,80-16,95 121 59 906,75 26,89 27,34 19821 725 SK-2 CORE -1 23,70-24,00 125 62 961,57 25,00 30,19 11563 383 " CORE -2 24,50-24,70 128 62 936,35 23,77 30,19 8423 279 SK-3 CORE -1 16,50-16,65 59 58 421,20 26,51 26,42 2062 61,3 " CORE -2 18,30-18,50 126 59 913,56 26,02 27,34 15857 580 SK-4 CORE -1 16,70-16,90 123 61 908,36 24,79 29,22 11865 406 " CORE -2 24,80-25,00 125 61 882,58 23,70 29,22 6429 220 SK-5 CORE -1 22,20-22,40 123 61 900,82 24,58 29,22 9849 337 SK-6 CORE -1 20,00-20,15 120 58 851,91 26,36 26,42 18759 710 " CORE -2 21,80-22,00 121 60 897,38 25,73 28,27 16625 588 69 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 Point Loading Test Is (kg/cm2) ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Mineral Sources; In the vicinity of the place where it is thought to establish the Power Plant, there is no mine production area. There is no UG mineral richness source determined. Tectonic movements: Tectonic activity existed at the basin, has been severed by the effect of volcanism and the contemporaneous volcanic material precipitated by essential debris flow process moved from its place by breaking into pieces, by mixing with the materials derived from land. Pelajik precipitation realized at the epochs where the medium is inactive and radiolaritine sludge stone and argillaceous lime stone precipitated. At the Region, low angled overlaps, reverse faults, strike slip fault (possible) and vertical faults were determined. Landslide, avalanche flood, rock fall; Since the field is inclined, it is inevitable to involve in the bevelled excavations. Therefore, it is thought that, the definitely removal of the sections having slack character formed from the side debris & Terrace Material which took part at the upper section of soil, and to have the structure settled with a foundation system suitable to the levels with tight character located at the lower levels of the structure or to socket that into main rock with a system made of stakes. On the soils formed from the side debris + Terrace Material that has tight character, it is planned to apply 1/1 slope rate. By means of slope application, rock falls would be able to be prevented. Large scale negativeness to effect the unit to be made at the Project site (such as land slide, fault, etc.) do not actively take place at the site. VII.2.3 Hydro geological characters and extracting (suction) value of underground water sources with well safety, underground water levels, presently available caisson, deep artesian well; physical and chemical specifications of water, present and planned usage of present and planned underground water; their distances and flow rates thereof. Kırıkkale total water potential is 3257.5 hm3 / year as 3,250 hm3 / year surface water plus 7.5 hm3 / year underground. The process water to be needed within the scope of the project will be taken from the caison well. At the studies carried out at the Project site and surrounding thereof it seems to open deep sounding well and take water wherefrom not possible due to there are no formations with aquifer property. By thinking this negative condition, it was foreseen, instead of geological surveys oriented to deep well, to make boring studies with caison well system. During the drilling oriented to these studies at the river side of Kızılırmak, 12 m thick alluvium has been passed through, the last 3 m is clayey silt. According to the free permeability tests carried out at the drill, it was determined that was in K = 10 - 4 (low permeability) and k = 10 - 2 (permeability) degree. As a result, for the intention to supply water to the plant, it is envisaged to open caison wells in 5 m diameter, 10 m. deep for water supply to the plant. 70 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The Kızılırmak River passes approximately 100 m nearby of the Project site. Plus, there is no surface and / or underground water at the project site. Related with the subject, as a consequence of in situ inspection of the DSİ 5th Regional Directorate, the letters, dated 14.04.2011 and no. 130440, specifying that the project area is not within the DSİ projects scope plus does not remain in the dam and lake protection area from where drinking and service water are supplied and there is no DSİ owned Under Ground Water operation within the project area, are enclosed herewith (See Annex - 10). Beside, as it is mentioned in the letter, the underground waters will be protected against polluting effects, the decree no 2008 / 13558, dated 15.04.2008 that was put into effect by publishing in the Official gazette dated 09.05.2008 and numbered 26871, should be respected, dry brook beds with the drainage site passing through the project area will be protected, measures will be taken for possible flood and the water running through slopes will be collected as well. From 7 to 10 Caisson wells shall be drilled in the scope of the project. The following are quantities of water is planned to be use during the operation phase of the project. Water Usage Areas Cooling System Losses by evaporation Cooling System Losses by Blowdown Heat Recovery Steam Generator Losses by Blowdown m /hour 3 m /day 3 695 16680 350 8400 25 600 37 386 Process Water Gas Turbine Washing and Rinsing Waters On-Site Sampling and Laboratory Personal Usage TOTAL 0.25 1,107.25 6 26,072 The water which is planned to be use during the scope of project, some analyses were carried out with the Kızılırmak River water. Kızılırmak water analyzes results are given in the appendix (See Annex-11). Also as a result of the on-site supervisions which were made by DSİ 5th Regional Directore teams, it is determined that there are no groundwater facilities in the region in the scope of the project. It is found that the groundwater level is rather deep in the field studies. 71 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT VII.2.4 Hydrological Properties and Surface water Sources (physical, chemical, bacteriological and ecological specifications of lakes, fishpond, stream and other watery areas from surface water sources, within this scope, flow rates of rivers and seasonal variances, floods, water collecting basin, drainage, bank eco system of all water sources, their distances and flow rates to the activity area) Kızılırmak, that rises and flows into the sea within the boundaries of Turkey, as the biggest river, rises from the southern of Kızıldağ, at Sivas Province at the eastern of Central Anatolia, while that reaches to The Black Sea from Bafra cape passes through the Kırıkkale province as well. It is 1.355 km long. The stream of river that is fed from rain and snow water is irregular. Towards the end of July, drop starts on the water surface continue until February and start to increase rapidly as of march. Some brooks and rivulets are added to the Kızılırmak delta where there are a lot of large and small lakes. 8 Dams are constructed on river. These are Sarıoğlan in the province of Kayseri, the Yamula Dam established at the Yemliha Town, the dams of Kesikköprü, Hirfanlı ve Kapulukaya near to Ankara, The Altınkaya and Derbent dams established at the Bafra plain and the Obruk Dam established last. The other important water source of the Kırıkkale Province is the Delice River as one of the Kızılırmak branches. The most important water sources feeding the Delice River are Kanak, Kılıçözü and Budaközü. Their length through the Province is 50 km. Out of that; there is Çoruh Özü Brook that gives some help for Irrigation of agricultural areas along the route. That’s length is 48 Km. According to the “Water Quality Research Report 2004 of the Kızılırmak Basin” that has been prepared by the Department of DSİ Drinking and Sewerage; the Çoruh Özü Brook has a quality class of IV, in terms of pollution elements causes spoiling of the quality of the Kızılırmak River at the boundaries of Kırıkkale. (According to Regulation on Water Quality Control water is classified as; Class I: High Quality Water, Class II: Less Polluted Water, Class III: Polluted Water, Class IV: Very Polluted Water.) Further, the Balaban and Sarılıöz Brooks are connected near the Kılıçlar Town and forms the Orkun rivulet that is 13 km long flows into the Kızılırmak near the Irmak Town. Out of these streams, at the some brooks and rivulets are within the Kırıkkale Province. As an example to those the Ahılı Rivulet, Kuruçay Rivulet and Yeni Çıkan Rivulet may be given. The Flow rates of the Kırıkkale Province take part in the following Table 17: Table 17. The Flow Rates of essential river and Areas of in Kırıkkale Province Flow rate (hm 3 / year) Total (hm3 / year) Artea (ha) Kızılırmak River 2.500 3.250 595 Delice Brook 750 74,7 Total (ha) 669,7 (Source: Kırıkkale Province Environment Status Report) The Kapulukaya Dam pond is the biggest artificial pond in the Kırıkkale Province. That’s distance to the Project Area is approximately 23 km. The lake volume of the Dam, which is earth fill dam type, at normal water level is 282.00 hm³, and the lake area is 20.70 km². That meets the 72 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT drinking and service water of the Kırıkkale Province. Beside, the Çipi and Danacı Bonds are the other ponds of the province. According to the “Water Quality Research Report 2004 of the Kızılırmak Basin” that has been prepared by the Department of DSİ Drinking and Sewerage, according to 58 years long observation period, the current value is 75,700 m3/s at Kızılırmak Yahşihan, between 1938 and 1996. When it is reviewed in the terms of the variation of the NH3-N polluter parameter; at the Kapulukaya dam outlet, the quality of water is 1st class while the same at the Çoruh Özü Rivulet taking domestic and industrial waste waters is quality IV. At the Kızılırmak River - Yahşihan bridge that quality is II. Class Water. In point of NO2-N, the Kızılırmak River, at the generality of basin that has IV. Class quality. In point of the PO4 pollution; quality of the water at the Kapulukaya dam outlet is II. Class and the water quality of the Kızılırmak River does not changed after The Çoruh Özü Rivulet, of which water quality is IV. Class, flows into the River, in terms of this parameter. TDS change; at the Kapulukaya dam outlet, the water quality is quality is II. Class. Although the water of the Çoruh Özü Rivulet that receives the sewerage wastes of Kırıkkale is II. Class, that is saltier than the Kızılırmak River. The water of River, after Çoruh Özü and Balaban water sources have been flowed hereinto protects its II. Class water quality as well. One of the saltier branches of the River is the Delice River. The most evident peculiarity of the Kızılırmak River is having salty water. In spite of River’s water is soft and drinkable at its source, especially after Zara District, when the water bedding enters into the land with gypsum and salt, and flowing into of southern branches, and as a consequences thereof the composition varies on a large scale. BOD5 change; at the Kapulukaya dam outlet in terms of this parameter, the quality of water is I. Class. On the other hand, at the Çoruh Özü Rivulet taking domestic and industrial waste waters of Kırıkkale is quality IV. The quality of water becomes II. Class after mixing the water of Çoruhözü into the River and after mixing the water of the Balaban brook into the River, the quality value of the River becomes II. Class. According to the same source data; heavy metal pollution at the basin has been traced, and the measured values at Kapulukaya and Yahşihan’ are given below: Fe Mn Cr Cu Pb As Average 0,43 mg/l 0,01 mg/l 0,013 mg/l 0,019 mg/l 0,021 mg/l 0,003 mg/l Kapulukaya Maximum 1,97 mg/l 0,04 mg/l 0,051 mg/lt 0,04 mg/l 0,023 mg/l 0,003 mg/lt Fe Mn Cr Cu Pb As Yahşihan Average 0,43 mg/l 0,01 mg/l 0,013 mg/l 0,019 mg/l 0,021 mg/l 0,003 mg/l The closest surface water source to the Project Area is the Kızılırmak River at approximately 100 m away. Within the Project area no surface water source is available. 73 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Regarding with the matter, as a consequence of in situ inspection of the DSİ 5th Regional Directorate, the letters, dated 14.04.2011 and no. 130440, specifying that the project area is not within the DSİ projects scope plus does not remain in the dam and lake protection area from where drinking and service water are supplied and there is no DSİ owned Under Ground Water operation within the project area, are enclosed herewith (See Annex - 10). Beside, as it is mentioned in the letter, the underground waters will be protected against polluting effects, the decree no 2008 / 13558, dated 15.04.2008 that was put into effect by publishing in the Official gazette dated 09.05.2008 and numbered 26871, should be respected, dry brook beds with the drainage site passing through the project area will be protected, measures will be taken for possible flood and the water running through slopes will be collected as well. PROJECT AREA Figure 34: Superficial water sources around the Project Area (www.cevreorman.gov.tr ) For the intention to determine the present Condition, the water samples have been taken from the points marked in the Figure 35 at the down of the Kızılırmak River, by the Çınar Environment Measurement and Analysis Laboratory that has been accredited by the Turkish Accreditation Institute (TURKAK) and has the Certificate of competency for Environment Measurement and Analysis granted by the Ministry Of Environment And Urban Planning. The Analysis results of the Water sample is given as enclosed (See Annex – 11): 74 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Figure 35: Sampling Point of Water sample Determination of Water quality is described as follows according to the Article 8 of the Water Pollution Control Regulation (WPCR) that was come into force on the Official Gazette dated 31.12.2004 and numbered as 25687. Separate quality class is determined according to the results of the analysis on the samples taken from the water source, for each parameter group (A,B,C,D) seen on WPCR Table 1 and defined as per each parameter in that group. The lower quality class pertains to one group defines the class of that particular group. 75 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The water sample analysis results performed by Çınar Environmental Measurement and Analysis Laboratory are given in the appendix (See Annex-11). Kızılırmak River quality classification is submitted in the following Tablo 18 according to the analysis results and the Article 8 of the WPCR. Table 18. Analysis Results of the Kızılırmak River Water Quality Parameters Physical and inorganicchemical Organic parameters Inorganic pollution parameters bacteriological parameters Temperature (°C) pH Dissolved Oxygen (mg O2/l) Satisfaction of Oxygen (%) chloride (mg / l) sulphate (mg/l) Ammonium nitrogen (mg/l) Nitrite Nitrogen (mg/l) Nitrate Nitrogen (mg/l) T. phosphorus (mg/l) Total Dissolved Solid (mg/l) Color (Pt - Co) Sodium (mg/l) KOI (mg/l) BOİ (mg/l) Total Organic Carbon (mg/l) Kendall Nitrogen(mg/l) Oil and Grease (mg/l) detergent (MBAS) (mg/l) phenol (mg/l) Mineral Oil and its derivatives (mg/l) Total pesticide (mg/l) Mercury (mg/l) Cadmium (mg/l) Lead (mg/l) arsenic (mg/l) Copper (mg/l) T. Chrome (mg/l) Chrome + 6 (mg/l) Cobalt (mg/l) Nickel (mg/l) zinc (mg/l) Total cyanide (mg/l) fluoride (mg/l) Free chloride sulphate (mg/l) Iron (mg/l) Manganese (mg/l) Boron (mg/l) Selenium (mg/l) Barium (mg/l) Aluminum (mg/l) fecal coliform (KOB / 100 ml) Total coliform (KOB / 100 ml) 76 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 18,7 7,26 5,46 71,4 139,9 292,6 < 0,1 0,015 0,777 0,054 556 10 154,1 ˂ 10 ˂4 6,7 1,29 < 5,0 < 0,01 < 0,001 < 0,02 Water Quality Class As per their Parameters I I III II II III I III I II II II III I I II II I I I < 0,001 0,012 0,011 0,014 0,007 < 0,01 < 0,02 < 0,02 < 0,01 < 0,02 0,005 < 0,03 0,99 ˂ 0,02 < 0,1 0,198 0,02 < 0,05 < 0,002 < 0,3 < 0,1 300 1000 I IV IV II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I III II Result of Analysis Quality Class As per Groups III II IV III ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT VII.2.5 At the production of Present and Planned Usage of surface water sources (Drinking, usage, irrigation water, power production, dam, lake, pond, water products production, product range and production amounts, for the purpose of water way transportation facilities, Tourism, sport and similar purpose, water and / or bank usages, other usages) The drinking and service water necessity in the Kırıkkale province is satisfied by the Kapulukaya Dam Pond that is 25 Km to province center and 23 Km to the Project area. The dam located on the Kızılırmak River, provides power production, drinking, service and industry water. The dam supplies 45 m³ drinking and service water per year. As irrigation water, the Çoruh Özü rivulet has a great deal of contribution to agricultural areas. By means of motor pumps located on the rivulet, watering of the agricultural areas is ensured. Out of this, the Çipi Pond located at Ahilli and the Danacı Pond located at the Sulakyurt District has been constructed for irrigation. The water storage volume of the Çipi Pond is 0.204 hm3, used for the area irrigation of 46 ha. On the other hand, the Danacı Pond with a water storage volume of 0.376 km3 is used for the irrigation of the 55 ha area. By means of the above ground irrigation plants constructed 5573 ha area is watered. At the irrigation of this area, a channel with 87,700 m length has been made. Out of this, animal drinking water and irrigation ponds located in the province of Kırıkkale are given on the following Table 19. Table 19.Kırıkkale Province Animal Drinking Water and Irrigation Ponds Name of Plant Storage Volume Description (m3 ) Keskin Cinali 1.100.000.000 Irrigation Pond Balışeyh - Kösedurak 15.000.000 His Pond Çelebi - Hacıyusuflu 22.000.000 His Pond Keskin - Kurşunkaya 57.000.000 His Pond Keskin - Gazibeyli 15.000.000 His Pond Balışeyh - Bıyıkaydın 57.000.000 His Pond Delice - Kuzeyyurt 22.000.000 His Pond Keskin - Kavlak 15.000.000 His Pond Balışeyh - Beyobası 100.000.000 His Pond Sulakyurt - Kalekışla 15.000.000 His Pond 0,204 hm 3 Irrigation Pond Sulakyurt - Danacı Pond 0,376 hm 3 Irrigation Pond (WO Tariff) Center Karacaali 22.000.000 Ahılı - Çipi Pond His Pond 3 Irrigation Balışeyh - Kırlangıç 9.500.000 His Pond Sulakyurt - Sarıkızlı 33.109.000 His Pond Keskin - Dağsolaklısı 10.000.000 His Pond Hasandede Pond and its 0,454 hm Irrigation (Source: Kırıkkale İl Environment Status Report) 77 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The UG Irrigation Plants in the Kırıkkale province are Aşağı Mahmutlar and Ahılı of which properties are given below Table 20: Table 20. Kırıkkale Province UG Irrigation Plants Name of Irrigation Number of Well Extracted water (l/s) Irrigation Area (ha) Aşağı Mahmutlar 8 250 220 Ahılı 6 125 230 Above ground water potential in the Kırıkkale province; the water potential of the Kızılırmak River is 2500 hm3 / year and the same for the Delice Brook is 750 hm3 / year. The under ground water potential is 10.5 hm3 / year. The total water potential in the province is 3260.5 hm3 / year. The regimes of the streams in the Kırıkkale Province are not suitable for transportation, water sports and similar purpose water and / or bank usages. As a consequence of the in situ study of the DSİ 5th Regional Directorate as regard with the matter, the letters, dated 14.04.2011 and no. 130440, specifying that the project area is not within the DSİ projects scope plus does not remain in the dam and lake protection area from where drinking and service water are supplied and there is no DSİ owned Under Ground Water operation within the project area, are enclosed herewith (See Annex - 10). At the Region, there is Köprükale weir belonging to ALAŞAR HES Enerji İnş. San. ve Tic. Elek. Üre. Ltd. Şti. And the HEPP Project as well. The Köprükale weir locates at the southern east of the said ESER NGCCPP (Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant) Project Site at approximately 600 m distance. Köprükale Weir and HEPP Project Feasibility Report have prepared in February 2008 and submitted to the DSİ. However, the project formulation was rebuilt and designed as storage type hydropower plant in the process. Therefore, Prepared Revised Feasibility Report was submitted to the DSI and it is approved. As mentioned in the Revised Feasibility Report, Köprükale Weir and HEPP Project is planned in the 673 m normal water altitude. The water which is arranged with Köprükale weir in the facility shall be used with Köprükale HEPP. Köprükale Weir and HEPP Project and ESER NGCCP Project settlement plan is given in the appendix (See Annex-12). As can be seen in the said drawing ESER NGCCP is located downstream of the Köprükale Weir and HEPP Project. So, there is no overlap with the project. Therefore, ESER NGCCP Project and Köprükale Weir and HEPP Project have no negative affects to each others. Beside, at the end of the EIA Process, during the ESER NGCCPP construction or operation phases, in the event of the commencement of the construction of the Köprükale HEPP Project, by making things easier for the construction studies – meaningly, then mutual assistance would be ensured. Similarly, at the operation phase of the Köprükale HEPP Project, no adverse effect will be experienced. 78 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT VII.2.6 The living species in the lake and watercourses (natural characteristics of these species, species taken under protection with national and international legislation; reproduction, feeding, sheltering and living environments of these; the decisions for protection made related to these environments) The most important water sources of Kırıkkale Province are the Kızılırmak River and the Delice Creek. Studies to develop fishing in the Province are on-going. In the year 1999, 50,000 mirror carps (cyprinus carpio), 19,900 common carps, 12,000 perches, and 7800 cat fish were introduced to the Kızılırmak River, Delice Creek and Çipi Creek in an attempt to grow them. In addition, according to the data of Provincial Agriculture Directorate, 30,000 common caps were grown in the Keskin Cin Ali Lagoon. The Kızılırmak River, which is the closest wetland to the project area, is 100m east of the project area. Various fish species were determined from the literature (Kırıkkale Province Environmental Status Report 2009, Freshwater Fish in Turkey - R. Geldiay, S. Balık) and the questionnaires applied to the local people in addition to the field surveys performed in the points of the Kızılırmak River that are close to the project area. These species are given in the Table 21 below. Table 21. Kızılırmak River Fish Species LATIN NAME ENGLISH NAME IUCN Silurus glanis Catfish LC Carp VU Pikeperch LC sabanejewia aurata - Freshwater mullet LC Tench LC Goatfish LC Cyprinus carpio Stizostedion luicoperca Orthrias angroare Leuciscus cephalus Tinca tinca Barbus plebejus In the field surveys carried out to determine the flora and fauna, 2 amphibian species were determined. These are given in the Table 22 below. Table 22: Amphibian species in the Kızılırmak River END IUCN Habitat Source Bufo vieidis - LC Widespread G European tree frog - LC Trees, woody plants, bushes L Latin Name English Name AMPHIBIA AMPHIBIA BUFONIDAE Bufo viridis HYLIDAE Hyla arborea arborea 79 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Only Lacerta trilineata (the Big Green Lizard) was observed in the field surveys made in the surroundings of the project area, and the information related to other species was obtained from the questionnaire and literature reviews. In addition, more detailed information on the fauna types are given in the section VII. 2.12. Flora and Fauna. VII.2.7 Thermal and geothermal water resources There are no thermal and geothermal water sources within Kırıkkale Provincial boundaries. VII.2.8 Soil characteristics and use (soil structure, classification of land usability, transport capacity, hillside stability, lubricity, erosion, use for earthworks, pasture, meadow, etc. used as the natural vegetation) Soils of the Kırıkkale Province consist of brown soils in general. These soils, which are brown or grayish on the surface are fine grained and disperse easily. Lime ratio is rather high. These are soils rich in minerals. Alluvial soils are found in the southern parts of the province on the riversides, and these constitute thick covers in places. Inclinations are very small. They are suitable for cropland agriculture and irrigated farming. The small amounts of precipitation in the area and dryness is an important factor in the formation of the soil. According to the data of the Ministry of Agriculture and Village Affairs, the total area of Kırıkkale Province is 463,000 ha. Of this, 306,506 hectares are used for agricultural production. In other words, proportion of the land used for agricultural purposes to the total land is 66.2%. Among the land actively used for agriculture, the croplands have the biggest share. Classification and distribution of the lands of the province according to use are given in the table below. Table 23: Class Distribution of the Agricultural areas in the Kırıkkale Province Sub Total Agricultural Class I Class II Class III Class IV Province Area (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha) Center 25.078 - 15.078 8.000 2.000 Yahşihan 11.895 - 5.400 4.000 2.495 Total 306.506 - 169.638 109.386 27.482 Source: Environmental Status Report for Kırıkkale Province, 2006 The proportion of the land usable in agriculture constitutes 66.2% of the total land. Proportion of meadows and pastures is 15%. Table 24:.Land use in Kırıkkale Province Land type Area (ha) %Ratio Land usable in agriculture 306,506 66.2 Meadows and pastures 69,275 15 Forests and moors 44,694 9.7 Unused land (Rocky land, roads, etc.) 42,525 9.1 Total 463,000 100 Source: Website of the Kırıkkale Provincial Governorship 80 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Agricultural Areas Pasture Areas Forest Areas Unused Areas Figure 36: Distribution of the land use in Kırıkkale Province Distribution of the land use of Yahşihan Sub Province, where the project area is located, is shown in graphic and table below. As we can see from these, 51.73% lands of Yahşihan Sub Province having total 155,000 da area are consisting of Agricultural Areas. Table 25: Distribution of Land Use in Yahşihan Sub Province Land Use Status Area (da) % Rate Agricultural Areas 80.177 51,73 Pasture Areas 39.000 25,16 Forest Areas 18.700 12,06 Other 17.123 11,05 Total Surface Area 155.000 100 Source: Website of Kırıkkale Provincial Agriculture Directorate Agricultural Areas Pasture Areas Forest Areas Other Figure 37: Distribution of Land Use in Yahşihan Sub Province 81 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The said activity area has the qualities of meadow-pasture according to the Land Asset Map given below in Figure 38, and other characteristics of the land including the project area are as shown below according to the Land Asset Map: Project Area Figure 38: Land Asset Map F24r.4 M VII es : Large Soil Group: Reddish-brown soils, very shallow (20-0 cm), inclination 30%+, rocky soil, very serious water erosion Current land use: Pasture Land usability: Lands not suitable for agriculture with soil processing, damage from inclination and erosion, inadequacy of soil (rocky, salty and alkaline soil) The project area that said facility is located in is the property of the Treasury, and no agricultural activities are made on it. Agricultural areas were observed only alongside the transport area in the field surveys. Since the land is inclined, bevels shall be created, and the loose sections in the upper levels of the ground consisting to hillside rubble and terrace materials must be removed to ensure stability, and it is planned to sit the structure with a foundation system compliant with the tighter characteristics of the lower elevations, or socketing it on the main rock with a pillar system. A beveling ratio of 1/1 is planned for the excavations to be made. Falling of rocks will be prevented and stability of the slope will be ensured with bevel application. 82 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT With the reasons that the land asset of 42.525 hectares is not used throughout Kırıkkale Province and 103.578 hectares is fallow and resting lands not watered, soil is lost with erosion. Therefore, according to the Land Asset Map, the project area is exposed to very severe water erosion for most of the time. With this reason, drainage trenches will be opened to prevent water erosion that might occur related to superficial water flows on the area and the possible floods in the facilities will be discharged. The vegetation removed during the preparation of the land shall be removed by scraping to be used in the landscape works. The scraped vegetation shall be protected by sodding to prevent the loss of vegetation characteristics. Following the completion of the construction works, this vegetation shall be used in the landscape works of the facility area. Brown Soils, Reddish- Brown Soils, Non-calcareous Soils and Colluvial Soils are found generally in the impact area of the project. Analyses of the soil samples collected from the project area from points shown in Figure 39 below are made Ministry of Agriculture and Village Affairs, General Directorate of Agricultural Researches, Central Research Institute Directorate of Soil, Fertilizers and Water Resources and NEN Mühendislik ve Lab. Hiz. Tic. Ltd. Şti, and the Analytical Reports are given in the Annex and summarized in the Table 26 below (See Annex-13). Figure 39: Soil sampling points 83 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 26: Results of the Soil Analysis in the Project Area and Surroundings Kırıkkale Yahşihan Eser Project NO=1036/11 Kırıkkale Yahşihan Eser Project NO=1037/12 1 2 3 4 5 Water saturation 80 33 30 39 39 Structure Class C L S L L EC (Ds/m) 1,067 0,976 0,488 0,737 0,738 Total Salt % 0,055 0,021 0,009 0,018 0,018 pH in soil saturated with water 7,73 7,95 8,04 8,16 8,05 Lime (CaCO3) (%) 8,63 7,85 11,99 13,62 15,21 Location of the Soil Sample and Other Characteristics of the Sampling Location Kırıkkale Kırıkkale Yahşihan Eser Yahşihan Eser Project Project NO=1038/13 NO=1039/14 Kırıkkale Yahşihan Eser Project NO=1040/15 Phosphorus (P2O5) 113,32 1,40 2,33 1,01 3,26 Potassium 331,30 77,10 30,11 38,51 105,60 Organic Matter 6,74 0,51 0,37 0,57 0,74 Total Nitrogen N,% 0,34 0,03 0,02 0,03 0,04 Organic Carbon 3,91 0,30 0,21 0,33 0,43 Total Nitrogen % 0,44197 0,03100 0,02824 0,02558 0,05209 Nitrate Nitrogen % 0,008016 0,008684 0,007348 0,010688 0,007348 Ammonium Nitrogen % 0,046700 0,000000 0,012692 0,000000 0,002004 Useful Nutrients of Plants (K2O) Useful Iron (Fe) ppm 8,00 1,99 1,45 2,19 1,65 Useful Copper (Cu) ppm 1,61 0,88 0,16 0,48 0,54 Useful Zinc (Zn) ppm 2,18 0,05 0,16 0,00 0,25 Useful Manganese (Mn) ppm 6,18 2,98 1,94 2,20 3,93 Useful Calcium (Ca) ppm 9043,26 8643,88 7474,72 8751,25 8278,13 Useful Magnesium (Mg) ppm 2483,50 670,37 166,47 678,04 484,07 58,1 40,7 27,6 34,2 35,2 Total Petrol Hydrocarbons (mg/l) The natural vegetation of Kırıkkale Province consists of plants growing in the rainy season and drying in the dry season. Like in the majority of Middle Anatolia, step formations in the area are formed as a result of anthropogenic (under the influence of human activities) effects with regressive succession. Most of the plants of the region are xerophytic and halophilous. Forest areas of Kırıkkale are very limited. Forests seen in regions like Sulakyurt, Koçubaba, Dinek Mountain generally consists of dwarf oak and partly juniper. VII.2.9 Agricultural areas (agricultural development project areas, special crop plantation areas), size of the watered and dry agriculture areas, crop patterns and annual production amounts of these) In the lands of Yahşihan Sub Province of Kırıkkale Province including the project area, 51.73% have the qualities of agricultural area. In Kırıkkale, various industrial plants, vegetables and fruits are grown, with crops like wheat and barley in the first place. Grapery has a special place in the region. 84 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT As of the year 2007, in the agricultural plants grown in Kırıkkale, crops come in the first place that cover the 60% of the total area with a plantation area amounting to.727.661 decares. This is followed by oilseeds (3.5%), feed plants (0.9%) and legumes (0.8%) respectively. In Kırıkkale, among tuber plants, only sugar beet is grown, and the plantation share of this industrial plant is extremely low (Kırıkkale Provincial Agricultural Directorate, 2009). Legumes Industrial Plants Cereals Oil Seeds Forage Plants Tuber Crops Figure 40: Distribution of Agricultural Products in Kırıkkale Province Fruit gardens in Kırıkkale that fruits grown show diversity have a trend of decrease in the recent years. The area or fruit gardens that totaled to 43.830 decares in 1995 decreased to 41.900 decares in 1998, to 37,530 in 2000 and to 35,840 in 2005, and were as low as 30,896 decares in 2007. Although stone fruits and pome fruits maintain their position in fruit-growing in the province, nuts are also grown. Apart from these, grapery, which has a long history in the region, is also practiced in the region. Hard-shells Stone Fruits Grape and Berry Fruits Pome Fruits Figure 41. Distribution of Fruit Products of Kırıkkale Province In the vegetable growing in the region, products more resistant against the cold weather of the winter are grown. Together with this, the vegetables grown in Kırıkkale are diverse as a result of the microclimatic conditions in particular. When evaluated in this respect growing of melon, watermelon in the first place, and also tomatoes, pepper (long green pepper, banana pepper), cucumber, spinach and eggplant dominate. Watered agriculture is practiced on 25.40% of the agricultural land amounting to 80,177 da in total. Proportions of watered and non-watered agriculture are given in the table below. 85 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 27: Proportions of Watered and Non-watered Agriculture Characteristics of the land Amount of land (da) Percentage (%) Amount of watered land 20.365 25,40 Amount of non-watered land 59.812 74,60 Total land 80.177 100 According to the distribution of agricultural products in Yahşihan Sub Province, it is observed that growing crops and vegetables come in the first place. Production amounts of the agricultural products of Yahşihan Sub Province Sub Province are given in the table below. Table 28: Annual Production Amounts of the Agricultural Products in Yahşihan Sub Province Agricultural Product Production amount (da) Crops Legumes 39.500 375 Feed Plants 1.500 Industrial Plants 2.000 Vegetables 9.550 Fruits 1.252 Fallow 26.000 Source: Provincial Agricultural Directorate There are agricultural areas in the influence area of the Project in places, and meadowspastures in places. Damages of the inclination and erosion are seen in most of the agricultural areas within the influence area of the Project, and dry agriculture with fallowing is practiced in the majority of the land, watered agriculture and vegetable growing is practiced in a portion. Project area is planned to be established on an area of approximately 227.000 square meters in Kırıkkale Province, Yahşihan Sub Province within the boundaries of Kılıçlar Municipality on block 103, parcel 6. Related to the said project area, the EIA Investigation and Assessment Report obtained from Kırıkkale Forestry Operation Chief Office and the Stand Structure Map are submitted in the annex. (See Annex-3) As stated there, the said project area is within the forest area, and the permits shall be obtained accordance with the Article 17/3 which is in the Forestry Law before commencing any activities on the land. 86 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT However, in the field surveys, no forest assets were seen and the natural flora was observed as the flora special for steppe. In addition, according to the Environmental Plan included in the annex, the activity area is on the meadow-pasture land. (See Annex-4) Also in the letter of Kırıkkale Provincial Special Administration, which is also included in the annex, it is stated that the project area is included in the meadow-pasture land according to the Environmental Plan, and there are no drawbacks provided that the provisions of the Environmental Plan and relevant lase and regulations and related permits are obtained from relevant authorities. (See Annex-5) Therefore, Soil Conservation Project which shall be approved by applying of Kırıkkale Provincial Directorate of Agriculture shall be carried out. VII.2.10 Forest areas (types and quantities of trees, amount of the land covered and closeness of the land, the existing or planned protection for these and/or purposes for use), the Stand Structure Map in 1/25.000 scale, if outside the forest area, entry of the distance to the closest forest area from the project area, The said project area is a land not rich in forests. In the entire province, the total forest area is 51,222 ha, out of which 16,527 ha correspond to normal wood and 34,695 ha correspond to coppice. This rate constitutes 11.06% of Kırıkkale Province. If the area afforested between 1976 and end of 2004 totaling to 11,307 ha is included in this amount, the percentage of forests increase to 13.51%. Table 29: Distribution of Forest in the Kırıkkale Province in 2006 according to Operation Figures Wood Forest Area Kırıkkale Province Coppice Total Normal Bozuk Normal Bozuk Productive (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha) Forest (ha) 5,817 10,710 1,603 31,401 7,420 Total Spoiled Forest (ha) 43,801 Total Forest Area (ha) 49,531 Open Total Area Area 486,926 536,457 Source: Kırıkkale Forest Operations Chief Office The EIA Investigation and Assessment Report obtained from Kırıkkale Forest Operations Chief Office and the Stand Structure Map are submitted in the Annex. (See Annex-3) As stated there, the said project area is within the forest area and the permits shall be obtained accordance with the Article 17/3 which is in the Forestry Law before commencing any activities on the land. However, in the field surveys, no forest assets were seen and the natural flora was observed as the flora special for steppe. In addition, according to the Environmental Plan included in the annex, the activity area is on the meadow-pasture land. (See Annex-4) Also in the letter of Kırıkkale Provincial Special Administration, which is also included in the annex, it is stated that the project area is included in the meadow-pasture land according to the Environmental Plan, and there are no drawbacks provided that the provisions of the Environmental Plan and relevant lase and regulations and related permits are obtained from relevant authorities. (See Annex-5) 87 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Before commencing the construction works, the landscape works will be performed on the activity area, and the construction works will be started after this. The excavation soil removed during the landscaping and construction works will be used in the filling works in the first place. It shall not be deposited around the project area or in any forest area. No trees will be cut in the project area. Improvement and widening works will be performed on the access road to the project area. Cutting trees will be avoided as much as possible in these areas. The permits required in the frame of Forest Law numbered 6831 shall be obtained before commencing the construction works related to the said activity. The required tolls to be used against any possible fires shall be kept in the activity area. The required measured for the protection of fire shall be taken, and intervention of the firefighting vehicles to the fire within the shortest time possible shall be ensured. The personnel working in the operation and construction stages within the scope of ESER NGCCP project shall work in coordination with the teams of Regional Directorate of Forestry in case of any fire. VII.2.11 Protection areas (National Parks, Nature Parks, Wetlands (determining the protection band for the watercourse related to the Kızılırmak River and making the related assessments), Nature Monuments, Nature Protection Areas, Wildlife Protection Areas, Biogenetic Reserve Areas, Biosphere Reserves, Natural Sit and Monuments, Historical and Cultural Sits, Special Environmental Protection Areas, Tourism Areas and Centers, areas under the coverage of the Pastures Law) In consideration of the project area in the frame of the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, Annex-V, Sensitive Areas published in the Official Gazette dated 17.07.2008 and numbered 26939; 1. Areas that should be protected according to the legislation of our country a) “National Parks”, “Natural Parks”, “Nature Monuments” and “Nature Protection Areas” defined in the Article 2 of the National Parks Law dated 9/8/1983 and numbered 2873, There are no “National Parks”, “Nature Parks”, “Nature Monuments” and “Nature Protection Areas” within and around the project area. b) “Wildlife Protection Areas and Wild Animal Growing Areas” determined by the Ministry of Forestry according to the Hunting Law dated 1/7/2003 and numbered 4915 There are no “Wildlife Protection Areas and Wild Animal Growing Areas” within and around the project area. 88 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT c) Areas determined and registered according to the article 3, first paragraph of the Law Act related to the Protection of Cultural and Natural Assets dated 21/7/1983 and numbered 2863, defined as “Cultural Assets”, ”Natural Assets”, “Sit and Protection Areas” under the headline “Definitions”, paragraph (a), items 1, 2, 3, and 5 and the related articles of the same law and the Law Act numbered 3386 amending the law act numbered 2863 and dated (Law Act Amending some of the Articles of the Law Act numbered 2863 related to the Protection of the Cultural and Natural Assets and Adding Some Articles to the Said Law), The cultural assets in the Yahşihan Sub Province and their approximate distances to the project area are given below: Cultural Asset Location Railway Station (Monument Building) Kılıçlar Town Primary School Building (Monument Building) Kılıçlar Town Railway Station, Lodgments and Depot Irmak Town Buildings (Monument Building) Mahmutlar Village (Archeological Sit) Distance to the Project area 6 km. 6 km. 4 km. 6 km. There are no cultural or natural assets within the project area, and in case any cultural or natural assets are found out during the construction stage of the project, the Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourism shall be notified. d) Water Products Production and Growth Areas within the scope of the Water Products Law dated 22/3/1971 and numbered 1380, The Kızılırmak River, Delice Creek, Cinali Lagoon, Ahılı Watering Lagoon and Beyobası Lagoon are Water Products Production and Growth Areas within the scope of the Water Products Law numbered 1380. The process water to be used in the ESER NGCCP that is the subject matter of the project will be provided from the caisson well. The wastewater in the quality of household waste originating from facilities and the process wastewater shall be discharged to the Kızılırmak River after being treated according to the related provisions of the Water Pollution Control Regulations. Since the cooling system included in the activity scope will operate in a closed cycle, water shall be required at first and for once, and the losses from evaporation and blow-down water shall be supplemented. Since the cooling system is a closed cycle, the cooling water shall not be discharged to the Kızılırmak River. Therefore, no negative impacts are expected from the project on the Kızılırmak River. 89 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT e) Areas defined in the article 17of the Water Pollution Control Regulations announced in the Official Gazette dated 4/9/1988 and numbered 19919 and the articles 18, 19 and 20 of the same as amended by the Regulations announced in the Official Gazette dated 1/7/1999 and numbered 23742 According to the data of Kırıkkale Mayoralty, expropriation of the protection areas for the Kapulukaya Dam, providing the drinking and process water for the province according to the related articles of Water Pollution Control Regulations have not been made yet. There are no areas defined in the article 17of the Water Pollution Control Regulations announced in the Official Gazette dated 4/9/1988 and numbered 19919 and the articles 18, 19 and 20 of the same as amended by the Regulations announced in the Official Gazette dated 1/7/1999 and numbered 23742. Letter of the Fifth Regional Directorate of DSI dated 14.04.2011 and numbered 130440 after the on-site investigation related to the issue stating that the project area is not included in the DSİ Projects, and is not included in the protection areas of dams and lakes that drinking and process water is supplied from and that there are no under ground water operations belonging to DSİ within the project area are given in the annex (See Annex-10). f) The “Sensitive Pollution Areas” defined in the article 49 of the Regulations for the Protection of Air Quality published in the Official Gazette dated 2/11/1986 and numbered 19269, There are no areas defined as the “Sensitive Pollution Areas” in the Kırıkkale Province. g) Areas determined and announced by the Council of Ministers as “Special Environmental Protection Areas” according to article 9 of the Environment Law dated 9/8/1983 and numbered 2872, There are no areas in the Kırıkkale Province determined and announced as “Special Environmental Protection Areas”. h) Areas taken under protection according to the Boğaziçi Law dated 18/11/1983 and numbered 2960, There are no areas in the Kırıkkale Province taken under protection according to the Boğaziçi Law. i) Areas considered as forest areas according to the Forest Law dated 31/8/1956 and numbered 6831 In the Kırıkkale Province; Forest area of 16.552 ha is present within the coverage of Sulakyurt Forest Operations Chief Office and forest area of 8622 ha is present within the coverage of Delice Forest Operations Chief Office. The existing forest trees are Black Pine, Oak, and Juniper. In addition, there are small trees and shrubs like blackthorn and spruce. 90 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Related to the said project area, the EIA Investigation and Assessment Report obtained from Kırıkkale Forestry Operation Chief Office and the Stand Structure Map are submitted in the annex. (See Annex-3) As stated there, the said project area is within the forest area, and the required permits shall be obtained from the Kırıkkale Forestry Operation Chief Office before commencing any activities on the land. However, in the field surveys, no forest assets were seen and the natural flora was observed as the flora special for steppe. In addition, according to the Environmental Plan included in the annex, the activity area is on the meadow-pasture land. (See Annex-4) Also in the letter of Kırıkkale Provincial Special Administration, which is also included in the annex, it is stated that the project area is included in the meadow-pasture land according to the Environmental Plan, and there are no drawbacks provided that the provisions of the Environmental Plan and relevant law and regulations and related permits are obtained from relevant authorities. (See Annex-5) j) Areas that constructions are prohibited according to the Law Act Concerning Shores dated 4/4/1990 and numbered 3621, In Kırıkkale province, surroundings of the Kapulukaya Dam is the absolute protection area according to the Law Act Concerning Shores dated 4/4/1990 and numbered 3621, and constructions are prohibited there. The distance of the Dam to the project area is 23. k) Areas mentioned in the Law Act Concerning Rehabilitation of Olive Trees and Budding of the Wild Trees dated 26/1/1939 and numbered 3573, Olive production is not made in Kırıkkale Province. There are no areas stated in the Law Act Concerning Rehabilitation of Olive Trees and Budding of the Wild Trees within and around the project area. l) Areas stated in the Pasture Law dated 25/2/1998 and numbered 4342, According to the data of the Provincial Directorate of Agriculture, the pasture areas that determination and limit determinations have been completed according to the Pasture Law numbered 4342 amounts to 384 hectares in Bahşılı Sub Province, 1867 hectares in Çelebi Sub Province, 384 hectares in Karakeçili Sub Province, 205 hectares in Yahşihan Sub Province 1308 hectares in the Center. As stated in the EIA Investigation and Assessment Report obtained from Kırıkkale Forestry Operation Chief Office, the project area is within the forest area, and the required permits shall be obtained from the Kırıkkale Forestry Operation Chief Office before commencing any activities on the land. However, in the field surveys, no forest assets were seen and the natural flora was observed as the flora special for steppe. In addition, according to the Environmental Plan included in the annex, the activity area is on the meadow-pasture land. (See Annex-4) Also in the letter of Kırıkkale Provincial Special Administration, which is also included in the annex, it is stated that the project area is included in the meadow-pasture land according to the Environmental Plan, and there are no drawbacks provided that the provisions of the Environmental Plan and relevant lase and regulations and related permits are obtained from relevant authorities. (See Annex-5) 91 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT m) Areas stated in the “Regulations for the Protection of Wetlands” that was put into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 17/5/2005 and numbered 25818, There are no areas in the Kırıkkale Province included in the list of “Wetlands with International Importance”. The nearest wetland to the project area is the Kızılırmak River at a distance of 100 m in the east. The process water to be used in the ESER NGCCP that is the subject matter of the project will be provided from the caisson well. The wastewater in the quality of household waste originating from facilities and the process wastewater shall be discharged to the Kızılırmak River after being treated according to the related provisions of the Water Pollution Control Regulations. Since the cooling system included in the activity scope will operate in a closed cycle, water shall be required at first and for once, and the losses from evaporation and blow-down water shall be supplemented. Since the cooling system is a closed cycle, the cooling water shall not be discharged to the Kızılırmak River. Therefore, no negative impacts are expected from the project on the Kızılırmak River. In the letter of Fifth Regional Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DSİ) dated 14.04.2011 and numbered 130440 after the on-site survey related to the issue stating that the project area is not included in the scopes of DSİ Projects, it is not included in the protection area of dams and lakes that drinking and utilization water is supplied from, and that there are no Under Ground Water operations belonging to DSİ is included in the Annex (See Annex-10). The term “protection band for watercourses” has been introduced within the scope of the Regulations Amending the Regulations Related to the Protection of the Wetlands that was put into force by being announced in the Official Gazette dated 26.08.2010 and numbered 27684, and according to the article 23 of said Regulations, “performance of the activities in the protection bands of the seasonal and permanent watercourses is subject to the approval of the General Directorate. In these areas, for the activities listed in Bu Annex-1 and Annex-2, application shall be made to the Ministry using the form determined by the Ministry, and the approval certificate is given to the applicant if the application is accepted.” Based on this, the Application form in the said ANNEX-2 has been filled for the said project and application is made to the Kırıkkale Provincial Directorate for Environment and Forests. The Provincial Directorate for Environment and Forests has notified the Ministry of Forests and Water Affairs, General Directorate of Nature Protection and National Parks that the activity area is within the Watercourse Protection Band; however, provided that the required measures are taken during the construction and operation stages of the project, they considered the project positively. (See Annex-22) 92 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 2. Areas to be protected according to the international agreements that our country is a part of a) Conservation areas I and II stated in the “Reproduction Areas of Important Sea Turtle Species” that are taken under protection under the “Treaty for the Conservation of the European Wildlife and Habitat” “the BERN Treaty” that was put into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 20/2/1984 and numbered 18318, “Habitat and Reproduction Areas of Mediterranean Seal”, There are not conservation areas in the Kırıkkale Province under the “Treaty for the Conservation of the European Wildlife and Habitat” (the BERN Treaty). b) Conservation areas taken under protection under the “Treaty for the Conservation of Mediterranean Against Pollution” (Barcelona Treaty) that was put into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 12/6/1981 and numbered 17368 There are not conservation areas in the Kırıkkale Province determined under the “Treaty for the Conservation of Mediterranean against Pollution” (Barcelona Treaty) ı) Areas determined as the “Special Conservation Areas” in our country according to the “Protocol Related to the Protection of Special Conservation Areas in the Mediterranean” published in the Official Gazette dated 23/10/1988 and numbered 19968, There are not conservation areas determined as the “Special Conservation Areas” in the Kırıkkale Province determined under the “Protocol Related to the Protection of Special Conservation Areas in the Mediterranean”. ıı) Areas included in the “100 Coastal Historical Sit Areas with Common Importance in the Mediterranean” selected according to the Geneva Declaration dated 13/9/1985 and published by the United Nations Environmental Program, Kırıkkale Province has no coastal areas in the Mediterranean ııı) Coastal Areas as the habitat and feeding areas of “Sea Species Facing the Risk of Extinction” stated in the article 17 of the Geneva Declaration Kırıkkale Province has no coastal areas in the Mediterranean c) Cultural, historical and natural areas taken under protection by the Ministry of Culture granted with the status of “Cultural Inheritance” or “Natural Inheritance” according to the articles 1 and 2 of the “Treaty for the Protection of the Cultural and Natural Inheritance of the World” that was put into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 14/2/1983 and numbered 17959, According to the data of the Provincial Directorate for Culture and Tourism, there are no areas taken under protection by the Ministry of Culture in our province. There are no Cultural, historical and natural areas granted with the status of “Cultural Inheritance” or “Natural Inheritance” within or around the project area. 93 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT d) Areas taken under protection according to the “Treaty for the Conservation of Wetlands with International Importance as the Habitat of the Water Birds in Particular” (the RAMSAR Treaty) put into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 17/05/1994 and numbered 21937, There are no areas taken under protection according to the “Treaty for the Conservation of Wetlands with International Importance as the Habitat of the Water Birds in Particular” (the RAMSAR Treaty) within or around the project area. e) Areas that must be protected according to the European Landscape Treaty put into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 27/7/2003 and numbered 25181 There are no areas taken under protection according to the European Landscape Treaty within or around the project area. 3. Areas of Protection a) Areas determined in the Approved Environmental Plans as the areas that the existing characteristics will be protected and that constructions are prohibited (Biogenetic reserve areas, geothermal areas, and the like that the natural characteristics shall be protected), There are no areas the areas that the existing characteristics will be protected and that constructions are prohibited according to the Approved Environmental Plans in 1/100,000 scale (See Annex-4). b) ,Agricultural Areas: Agricultural development areas, areas that are or can be watered, and areas included in land usability classes of I, II, III and IV, classes I and II used in precipitationdependent agriculture and the entire portion of the special crop plantation areas, As stated in the EIA Investigation and Assessment Report obtained from Kırıkkale Forestry Operation Chief Office and the Stand Structure Map are submitted in the annex, and permits shall be obtained accordance with the Article 17/3 which is in the Forestry Law before commencing any activities on the land. According to the Environmental Plan included in the annex, the project area is on the meadow-pasture land. (See Annex-4) Also in the letter of Kırıkkale Provincial Special Administration, which is also included in the annex, it is stated that the project area is included in the meadow-pasture land according to the Environmental Plan, and there are no drawbacks provided that the provisions of the Environmental Plan and relevant lase and regulations and related permits are obtained from relevant authorities. (See Annex-5) Following the completion of the EIA Process, the application required according to the Soil Protection and Land Use Law Act will be made to the Provincial Directorate of Agriculture as stated in the letter of the Provincial Directorate of Agriculture dated 10.06.2011 and numbered 2130. There are no special crop plantation areas within or around the project area. 94 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT c) Wetlands: Natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, waters being still or flowing, fresh, bitter, or salty, depth not exceeding 6m in the low tide, all the waters important as the habitats of all the living beings with water birds in the first place, marshy, reedy, or peet moots and the areas starting from the shoreline of these areas towards the landside that continue as wetlands, The wetland of the Kızılırmak River is at 100 m east of the project area. The process water to be used in the ESER NGCCP that is the subject matter of the project will be provided from the caisson well. The wastewater in the quality of household waste originating from facilities and the process wastewater shall be discharged to the Kızılırmak River after being treated according to the related provisions of the Water Pollution Control Regulations. Since the cooling system included in the activity scope will operate in a closed cycle, water shall be required at first and for once, and the losses from evaporation and blow-down water shall be supplemented. Since the cooling system is a closed cycle, the cooling water shall not be discharged to the Kızılırmak River. Therefore, no negative impacts are expected from the project on the Kızılırmak River. In addition, the letter of Fifth Regional Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DSİ) dated 14.04.2011 and numbered 130440 after the on-site survey related to the issue stating that the project area is not included in the scopes of DSİ Projects, it is not included in the protection area of dams and lakes that drinking and utilization water is supplied from, and that there are no Under Ground Water operations belonging to DSİ is included in the Annex (See Annex-10). d) Lakes, rivers, underground water operation areas, While there are no natural lakes in the Kırıkkale Province, the biggest artificial lake in the province is the Kapulukaya Dam Lagoon. In addition, the Kızılırmak River and the Delice Creek are the most important watercourses in the province. In addition, the Kızılırmak River is the biggest river in Turkey. The total water potential in the Kırıkkale Province is 3260,5 hm 3/year. Of this, 3250 hm3/year comes from surface waters, and 10.5 hm3/year comes from underground waters. While there are no lakes and underground water operation areas within and around the project area, the nearest watercourse to the project area is the Kızılırmak River at about 100 m east. e) Areas that are the habitats of the species that are important for scientific researches and/or under current or possible risk of extinction and species that are endemic for our country, biosphere reserves, biotopes, biogenetic reserve areas, areas with unique or geomorphologic formations, There are no Areas that are the habitats of the species that are important for scientific researches and/or under current or possible risk of extinction and species that are endemic for our country, biosphere reserves, biotopes, biogenetic reserve areas, areas with unique or geomorphologic formations within or around the project area. 95 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT VII.2.12 Flora and Fauna (species, particularly the local endemic species, animal species living in the area naturally, species taken under protection according to national and international legislation (Bern Treaty ANNEX-I and ANNEX-II), rare species and those under the risk of extinction and their habitats, names, populations of the hunted animals and the decisions of the Central Hunting Committee related to these animals), showing the vegetation types in the project area on a map. The measures to be taken required for the living beings that will be affected from the project and works (in the construction and operation stages). Performing the vegetation studies in the field in the period of vegetation and stating this period, furthermore, using the data from the current sources (2010-2011 data) of the Data Services of Plants in Turkey (TUBİVES) in the literature studies on the flora, Indicating the species found in the field, species found in the questionnaires and interviews, and the species taken from the literature separately, information related to the Sea Ecosystem (indicating the points for drawing and discharging water, quality of the cooling water to be discharged to the recipient environment and its effects on the marine ecosystem) FLORA The project area is located in the B4 square in the Davis’ grid system (Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands) and is included in the Central Anatolian Region. The squaring system of Davis is shown in the Figure 42 below: Figure 42: Squaring System of Davis 96 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The Yahşihan Sub Province, Kırıkkala Province including the project area is under the influence of Iran-Turan Phyto-geographical region. The dominant vegetation type in the area that continental climate is observed and is general is steppe. There are forest areas consisting or dwarf oaks and junipers in Koçubaba in the north and in in Değnek Mountain in the south, which are parts of Kırıkkale that have survived from destruction. These areas are coppice forests, and are generally have lost their qualities because of destruction. Most of the vegetation in the area are xerophytic and halophilous. Plants generally grow in the province include veronica, sesame, carnation, daisy, absinth, blackthorn, mullein, euphorbia, bluebell, wild licorice, üzerik, mint, blueberry, sting nettle hibiscus, licorice, soap worth, dog rose, madımak, mallow, mustard and thyme. Because of the differences of topographic structure and climatic characteristics, Turkey is under the influence of 3 floristic regions. As seen in the figure below, these include: MED.Mediterranean, IR-TUR Irano-Turan and EUR-SIB- Euro-Siberia regions. In the phytosociological sense, the project area is under the influence of Iran-Turan phyto-geographical region. W.A : West Anatolia Region C.A. : Central Anatolia E.A: East Anatolia (Mes. Mesopotomia) X: Probably Middle European/Balkan Subregion of European-Siberian Region IR-TUR: Irano-Turanien Region EUR-SIB (EUX): European-Siberian Region (auxin subregion) MED: Mediterranean Region (East Mediterrean subregion) Col. : Auxin Subregion (Colchic Sector) T. : Taurus Region A. Amanos Region Figure 43: Phyto-geographical Region Map of Turkey (Davis P.H., Harper P.C. and Hege I.C. (eds.), 1971. Plant Life of South-West Asia. The Botanical Society of Edinburg 97 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT In the Figure 44 below, the Vegetation Map of Turkey is given. The project area is approximately included in the portion shown as the steppe areas. In the field surveys however, it was observed that the dominant vegetation is steppe, forests have been replaced by herbaceous plants and shrubs. Together with this, the marshy and reedy plants found in the Kızılırmak banks are found also in the vicinity of the project area. Approximate Project Area Figure 44: Vegetation Map of Turkey As observed in the field surveys, steppe vegetation is widely dominant in the region, and forest areas were not seen. The flora elements determined according to the studies performed in the project area and literature reviews are the species generally observed in the steppe vegetation. Most of these are annual or perennial herbaceous, shrubby, or thorns; flora elements unique for the region can also be seen, although intense plant vegetation is not formed on the banks of the Kızılırmak River. However, the road passing alongside the river divides this structure; therefore, these species have not been able to spread widely. The road between the project area and the Kızılırmak River constitutes a natural protection band. The field surveys made to determine the flora of the project area and surroundings were supported by the literature reviews later, and the species found are given in the table below. The Latin and Turkish names, endemism status, hazard classes, the phytogeographic regions they belong, their habitat, abundance in the project area and surroundings, way of determining and statuses according to contracts are indicated. TÜBİVES was used to determine the species (Data Services for the Plants in Turkey), and the “Turkish Plant Names Dictionary” (Baytop,1994) was made use of to find the names in Turkish. 98 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 30: Species of the Flora FAMILY SPECIES Turkish Name ACANTHACEAE Acanthus hirustus Ayın Pençesi ALISMATACEAE Alisma lanceolatum APIACEAE Biforia radians Yabani Kişniş (UMBELLIFERAE) Bupleurum rotundifolium Echinophora tournefortii Tahran otu Eryngium campestre var. Çakır Dikeni campestre Scandix australis subsp. Fesçi tarağı grandiflora APOCYNACEAE Vinca herbacea Cezayir Menekşesi ASTERACEAE Achillea setacea Yılandili Achillea wilhelmsii Civanperçemi Anthemis austriaca Papatya Artemisia spicigera Yavşan Cichorium intybus Yabani Hindiba Cnicus benedictus Bostan Otu Centaurea solstitialis subsp. Zerdali Dikeni solstitialis Centaurea virgata Yanardöner Crepis sancta Radika Echinops ritro Topuz Onopordum acanthium Eşek Dikeni Senecio vulgaris Kanarya Otu BORANGIACEAE Alkanna orientalis Echium italicum Engerek otu END IUCN FCB 1 X 2 3 4 X 5 Locality 6 7 X 8 X X X X İran-Turan X X X X X X X X X X X İran-Turan X X X İran-Turan X X X X X X X X X 1 X 400-2000 500-1750 2 3 X A L 0-1800 X X X X 0-1900 X X X X X X X 100-2000 0-2450 0-2100 600-1600 0-700 600-2600 700-1000 L A X X X X X 5 A 400-2000 0-2300 500-2200 1000-2000 300-2000 0-3050 400-1400 X X BERN Determin ation X X X X X X 4 X 30-1300 İran-Turan X (m) 800-1800 0-1850 Abundance 700-1800 X X X X X X Avrupa-Sibirya İran-Turan 99 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 Habitat A X X X X X X A L A A A L A L X A X L L A A L A A X X X X X X ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FAMILY SPECIES Turkish Name END IUCN FCB Habitat 1 Crambe orientalis Sinapis arvensis CARYOPHYLLAC Arenaria leptoclados EAE CONVOLVULAC Convolvulus arvensis EAE ELAEAGNACEAE Elaeagnus angustifolia EUPHORBIACEA Euphorbia macroclada E FABACEAE Astragalus lanatus Colutea cilicica Onobrychis viciifolia Trifolium arvense Vicia sativa LAMIACEAE Marrubium vulgare Teucrium polium MALVACEAE Alcea pallida Malva neglecta PAPAVERACEAE Papaver commutatum POACEAE Bromus tectorum Echinochloa cruss-galli Hordeum murinum Stipa lessingiana Phragmites australis Polypogon viridis Setaria viridis İran-Turan BRASSICACEAE 3 4 X 5 6 Tarla hardalı Kum otu Geven Patlangaç Korunga Yonca Fiğ Boz Ot Acı Yavşan Hatmi Ebegümeci Gelincik Brom Darıca Otu Pisi pisi Otu Sorguç Otu 8 X Gündüz sefası İğde Sütleğen 7 X X X X İran-Turan X İran-Turan X X X X X X X X X X X İran-Turan X X X Europe-Siberia Europe-Siberia X X X Tilkikuruğu X X X X X X X X X X (m) 500-2800 0-1800 Abundance 1 2 X X X 3 X X X 0-1500 4 BERN Determin ation 5 A L A X 0-3050 X 100 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 2 Locality A 0-3000 X A 250-2500 X L X L L L A A A A L L A L A A L A A A 1500-2700 100-2000 0-1700 0-2300 0-1600 0-1400 0-2050 300-1500 0-2000 1000-1800 0-2000 0-2080 0-900 100-3000 0-2400 50-1300 0-2300 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FAMILY SPECIES Turkish Name END IUCN FCB 1 RANUNCULACEAE RESEDACEAE ROSACEAE Ranunculus arvensis Reseda lutea Agrimonia eupatoria Amygdalus communis Pyrus elaeagnifolia RUBIACEAE Galium aparine SCROPHULARIACEAE Gratiola officinalis Verbascum tossiense ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Peganum harmala Tribulus terrestris Düğün çiçeği Muhabbet çiçeği Koyun Otu Badem Ahlat Y LR(lc) Habitat 4 5 X X 6 7 8 X X X X X Europe-Siberia Sığırkuyruğu Üzerlik Demir Dikeni The phyto-geographical area that the species belong END: Endemism L: Local Endemic B: Regional Endemic Y: Widely Endemic Address of the plant, height Determination: Way of determination of the plant A: From the field survey L: From Literature review Habitat Classes: 1.Forest 2.Maquis 3.Frigana 4.Culture areas (Cropland, gardens, etc.) 5.Pasture 6.Wet meadow, marsh, wetlands 7.Steppe 8. Stony and rocky X X X X X X Covering abundance level IUCN: Danger classification Sources: Davıs, P.H. Flora Of Turkey 1-8, Josef Donner Linz Red Data Book Of Turkısh Plants’Türkiye Tabiatı Koruma Derneği ve Van 100. Yıl Üniversitesi 2000’ TÜBİVES (Türkiye Bitkileri Veri Servisi) Türk Dil Kurumu Yayını ‘Türkçe Bitki Adları Sözlüğü’ 101 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 3 X X X FCB (Phyto-geographical region): Locality: 2 X Locality (m) 0-1850 0-2000 0-2300 0-1800 0-1700 30-1800 40-1400 80-1700 0-1500 0-1200x 1 Abundance BERN 2 3 4 5 X X Determination X X X X X X X 1.Very rare 2.Rare 3.Medium-level abundant 4.Abundant 5.Very abundant or makes pure population Ex: Extinct Endemic Species Ew: Extinct in wild CR: Critically endangeredEN: EndangeredVU: VulnerableLR: Lower Riskcd Requires protection measures nt May be endangered lc Least concern DD: Data DeficientNE: Not Evaluated L A L A L L A L A L ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT List of the plant species found or possibly found in the project area and surroundings are given above in tables. Accordingly, on endemic plant species was determined that is possibly found in the area. This species is Verbascum tossiense, and its danger class in the Red Data Book for the Plants in Turkey is LR(lc)’dir. LR category is used for the species under the least danger and is divided into 3 sub categories. Verbascum tossiense is included in the lc sub category. “lc” means “the least concern”. The remaining species are not yet categorized in the Red Data Book. Distribution in Turkey of the endemic species found and status according to squares are given in the table below. Table 31: Distribution in Turkey of the endemic species found in the project area Species Distribution in Turkey Verbascum tossiense (Sığırkuyruğu) North and Middle Anatolia According to squares (Source: http://turkherb.ibu.edu.tr/) Verbascum tossiense, named Sığırkuyruğu in Turkish, is a perennial herbaceous plant, and is generally found in Quercus shrubberies, steppes and culture areas. Photographs of the Verbascum; (Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Verbascum_nigrum_02.jpg) 102 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FAUNA Wildlife groups found/ possible to be found in the activity area are given in the lists below. The mammal fauna was examined under 4 headlines in general: Birds (Aves), Mammals (Mamalia), Reptiles (Reptilia) and Amphibians (Amphibia) Field surveys and literature reviews were made to determine the species. For the literature reviews on the Amphibians, Reptiles, and Mamals, the work of Prof. Dr. Ali Demirsoy, “Türkiye Omurgalıları, Amfibiler - Sürüngenler - Memeliler” was made use of. In addition ‘The IUCN Red List of the Threatened Species’, database in the official website of IUCN was also made use of. The Red Data Book categories for the species under protection according to IUCN: EX (Extinct) Extinct taxon EW (Extinct in the wild) Taxon extinct in the wild CR (Critically Endangered) Taxon critically endangered EN (Endangered) Taxon endangered VU (Vulnerable) Taxon vulnerable to extinction in the wild NT (Near Threatened) Taxon under near threaten LC (Least concern) Widespread taxon with high population (Low risk) DD (Data deficient) Taxon with insufficient data for an assessment of extinction danger according to spread and/or population (Deficient data) NE (Not Evaluated) Taxon not evaluated As a supplementary source in the determination of the bird species found in the project area and vicinity, and in the determination of the bird species that can possible be found, work of R. F. Porter, S. Christensen, P. Schiermacker-Hansen - ‘Türkiye ve Ortadoğu’nun Kuşları – Arazi Rehberi (2009) was made use of. In addition, for classification according to the categories of the ‘European Vertebrate Red Data Book, work of Prof. Dr. İlhami Kiziroğlu, Türkiye Kuşları Kırmızı Listesi (2008) was made use of. İ. Explanations of the danger classes used by Kiziroğlu: Birds brooding in Turkey; that is, the bird species included in the category ‘A’, these are either whole-year species, or they are summer immigrants, that is, the species that leave Turkey after brooding. A.1.0: These are undoubtedly extinct species that are not seen n the wild anymore. A.1.1: Species with extinct wild populations, these are maintained with the human support and protection. A.1.2: Species with much reduced populations in Turkey. These are species that must be protected by all means since they are under great danger of extinction. A.2: Species under great danger of extinction. A.3: These are vulnerable for extinction and are species with a high risk of extinction in the wild. 103 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT A.3.1: These are species that the population is reducing in the regions that are observed according to the previous records. A.4: Species with a decrease in the local population, and tend to face the risk of extinction in time. A.5: Species that the observed populations are not decreasing and that are not endangered currently. A.6: Species that are not sufficiently investigated and that related reliable data are missing. A.7: Assessment for these species is not currently possible, because records related to these species are not fully accurate and reliable. ‘B’ group species are either wintertime visitors or transit migrants. These species are also under the great risk of extinction, and shall be assessed exactly like the ‘A’ group. Therefore, the scales of B.1.0-B.7 are used for the species in the ‘B’ group also. Species of birds, mammals, reptiles and amphibians that are found or possible found in the project area and surroundings are given in the tables below. Together with the danger categories and habitats of the species, their statuses in the lists according to various national and international legislation, CITES (Contract Related to the International Trading of Wild Animal and Plant Species under the Risk of Extinction), Bern Treaty (Treaty for the Conservation of the European Wildlife and Habitats) and MAK decisions of 2011-2012 are also given in the tables below. In addition, Law on Land Hunting numbered 4915 and relevant regulations shall be complied during the project activities. 104 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 32. Fauna Tablesu/ Kuşlar (Aves) Turkish Name IUCN CITES BERN Treaty A.3.1 - Long-legged Buzzard A.3 Common Kestrel Latin Name AVES CICONIIDAE Ciconia ciconia ACCIPITRIDAE Buteo rufinus FALCONIDAE Falco tinnunculus PHASIANIDAE Alectoris chukar Coturnix coturnix COLUMBIDAE Colomba livia Streptopelia decaocto ALAUDIDAE Alauda arvensis HIRUNDINIDAE Delichon urbica TURDIDAE Erithacus rubecula CORVIDAE Pica pica Corvus monedula STURNIDAE Sturnus vulgaris PASSERIDAE Passer domesticus FRINGILLIDAE Carduelis carduelis END KUŞLAR LEYLEKGİLLER Ak Leylek YIRTICIKUŞLAR Kızıl Şahin DOĞANGİLLER Kerkenez TAVUKSULAR Kınalı keklik Bıldırcın GÜVERCİNGİLLER Kaya güvercini Kumru Tarlakuşugiller Tarlakuşu KIRLANGIÇGİLLER Ev kırlangıcı Ardıçkuşugiller Kızılgerdan Kargagiller Saksağan Cüce karga SIĞIRCIKGİLLER Sığırcık SERÇEGİLLER Serçe İSPİNOZGİLLER Saka Habitat Source Latin Name LC Annex -II Additional List 1 G Annex 2 LC Annex -II Additional List 1 L,A A.2 Annex 2 LC Annex -II Additional List 1 L Chukar Partridge Common Qunail A.2 A.3 - LC LC Annex III Annex -III Additional List 3 Additional List 3 L L, A Rock Dove Collared Dove A.5 A.5 Annex 3 - LC LC Annex -II Annex -II Additional List 3 Additional List 2 G L,A Skylark A.3 House Martin A.3 Annex -II Additional List 1 G European Robin A.3 Eurasian Jackdaw A.5 A.5 - LC LC - Additional List 3 Additional List 3 L L European Starling A.5 - LC - Additional List 2 L House Sparrow A.5 - LC - Additional List 3 G A.3.1 - LC Annex -II Additional List 1 L BIRDS White Stork Goldfinch LC - LC LC 105 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 MAK 2010-2011 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 33. Fauna Tablesu/ Memeliler (Mamalia) Turkish Name Latin Name MAMALIA MEMELİLER ERINACIDAE KIRPILER Erinaceus concolor Kirpi CROCIDURINAE SİVRİFARELER Crocidura leucodon Sivriburunlu Tarlafaresi RHİNOLOPHİDAE NALBURUNLU YARASALAR Rhinolophus hipposiderıs CRİCETİDAE BERN Treaty END Küçük Nalburunlu yarasa IUCN CITES LC - - LC - LC MAK 2010-2011 Habitat Source Additional List 1 Shrubberies and coppices G - - Shrubberies far from meadows and water L - Annex -III Additional List I Forests, woods, shrubberies L LC - - - Watered culture and steppe areas L DD - - - Soft agricultural soils, steppes, graperies and gardens G LC - Annex -III Additional List 2 All kinds of coves, hollows, holes, shrubs, hollows within cultures, rodent galleries, open areas, agricultural lands L HAMSTERLER Cricetulus migratorius Gri cücehamster SPALACİDAE KÖRFARELER Spalax leucodon Kör Fare MUSTELLIDAE SANSARLAR Mustela nivalis Gelincik 106 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 34: Fauna Table/ Reptiles Turkish Name Latin Name END IUCN CITES BERN Treaty MAK 2010-2011 LC - - LC - Habitat Source Additional List I Sandy, rocky, dry lands, sometimes in graperies and gardens L,A - Additional List I Under the rocks, between rocks L Humid soils, at the sides of forests Or shrubberies inside the forests G REPTILIA SÜRÜNGENLER TESTUDİNİDAE TOSBAĞAGİLLER Testudo gracea Tosbağa GEKKONIDAE EV KELERLERİ Hemidactylus turcicus turcicus Geniş Parmaklı Keler LACERTIDAE KERTENKELELER Lacerta trilineata Büyük Yeşil Kertenkele LC - ANNEX -III Additional List I Sarı yılan LC - Annex -III Additional List I Rocky places in areas with infrequent trees, croplands A Yarı Sucul Yılan LC - Annex -II Additional List I Rocky areas and meadows close to water sources, sometimes in gardens and between croplands A IUCN CITES Gecekurbağası LC - Yaprakkurbağaları LC - COLUBRİDAE Elaphe sauromates quartuorlineata Natrix natrix persa Table 35: Fauna Table/ Amphibians Turkish Name Latin Name BERN Treaty END MAK 2010-2011 Habitat Source Annex-II - Widely spread G Annex-II - Trees, woody plants, shrubberies L İKİ YAŞAMLILAR AMPHIBIA BUFONIDAE Bufo viridis HYLIDAE Hyla arborea arborea Habitat : Characteristics of the habitat of the species determined EVRDB: Source : A: Questionnaire (Information obtained from local people) END : Endemic G: Observation MAK : Central Hunting Committee Decision (2011-2012) L: Literature 107 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 European Vertebrate Red Data Book ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The species of the birds, mammals, reptiles and amphibians which are present or likely to be present on and around the site of the project are shown in the tables above. Along with the hazard classes and habitats of the species, the conditions of the species are stated according to the various national and international legislations. It is studied what lists they are on by the CITES, the Bern Convention and the 2011-2012 regulations of the Central Hunting Commission. According to the studies carried out, when the hazard classes of the species likely to be present on and around the site of the project are analyzed, it is concluded that the Spalax leucodon (Lesser Mole) is categorized as “DD” and the other species as “LC” by IUCN. The “DD” (Data Deficient) Category means the taxon that is impossible to assess the risk of extinction studying its spread and/or population, for there isn’t adequate information. As understood from this category, much information on that species hasn’t been obtained. However, it can be found almost everywhere in our country, so the extinction of the species is out of question (Prof. Dr. Ali Demirsoy, Mammals in Turkey). As to “LC”, it is the category used for the taxa which spread largely and belong to the lowest hazard class. Similarly, the extinction of these species is out of question. In addition, from the habitation point of view, there are alternative fields in the vicinity, and any common damage to the habitats of the species is out of question. It is expected that the species move to the similar areas in the vicinity and to the similar habitats nearby and they are not predicted to be harmed during the construction stage of the project. The categories indicated in the following table are classified by the 2011-2012 Hunting Season regulations of the Central Hunting Commission under the General Directorate of Conservation of Nature and National Parks under the Ministry of Forests and Hydraulic Works (Ministry of Environment and Forests): Additional List – I Wild animals placed under protection by the Ministry Additional List – II Hunting animals placed under protection by Central Hunting Commission Additional List – III Hunting animals allowed to be hunted during certain periods by Central Hunting Commission There isn’t any “Wildlife Protected Area” or “Wildlife Development Area” on and around the site of the project. Besides, the site of the project is shown on the map of the forbidden zones for hunting according to the 2011-2012 regulations of the Central Hunting Commission. The site of the project is one of the forbidden zones for hunting according to the Map of the Forbidden Zones for Hunting of 2011-2012. During the project, the regulations of the Central Hunting Commission are followed and any illegal hunting is going to be prevented. 108 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT PROJECT Forbidden Zone for Hunting Placement Zone of Wild Animals Figure-45 Map of Forbidden Zones for Hunting CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) The species of flora and fauna stated in the tables above are studied according to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). On the flora list of the site of the project are no species stated in that convention. As to the fauna list, it is found out that there are some species of birds stated in the convention. They are Buteo rufinus (Appendix 2), Colomba livia (Appendix 3) and Streptopelia turtur (Appendix 3). CITES Appendix I shall include all species threatened with extinction which are or may be affected by trade. Trade in specimens of these species must be subject to particularly strict regulation in order not to endanger further their survival and must only be authorized in exceptional circumstances. Appendix II shall include all species which although not necessarily now threatened with extinction may become so unless trade in specimens of such species is subject to strict regulation in order to avoid utilization incompatible with their survival. Appendix III shall include all species which any Party identifies as being subject to regulation within its jurisdiction for the purpose of preventing or restricting exploitation, and as needing the co-operation of other Parties in the control of trade. 109 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The Bern Convention The Bern Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats is studied and the condition of the species of flora and fauna stated in the tables above is determined. The species placed under protection by the convention are stated. Annexes of Bern Convention: Annex 1 Strictly protected flora species Annex 2 Strictly protected fauna species Annex 3 Protected fauna species Article 6 of the Bern Convention: Each Contracting Party shall take appropriate and necessary legislative and administrative measures to ensure the special protection of the wild fauna species specified in Appendix II. The following will in particular be prohibited for these species: a) all forms of deliberate capture and keeping and deliberate killing; b) the deliberate damage to or destruction of breeding or resting sites; c) the deliberate disturbance of wild fauna, particularly during the period of breeding, rearing and hibernation, insofar as disturbance would be significant in relation to the objectives of this Convention; d) the deliberate destruction or taking of eggs from the wild or keeping these eggs even if empty; e) the possession of and internal trade in these animals, alive or dead, including stuffed animals and any readily recognisable part or derivative thereof, where this would contribute to the effectiveness of the provisions of this article. Article 7 of the Bern Convention: 1. Each Contracting Party shall take appropriate and necessary legislative and administrative measures to ensure the protection of the wild fauna species specified in Appendix III. 2. Any exploitation of wild fauna specified in Appendix III shall be regulated in order to keep the populations out of danger, taking into account the requirements of Article 2. 3. Measures to be taken shall include: a. closed seasons and/or other procedures regulating the exploitation; b. the temporary or local prohibition of exploitation, as appropriate, in order to restore satisfactory population levels; c. the regulation as appropriate of sale, keeping for sale, transport for sale or offering for sale of live and dead wild animals. 110 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Possible Effects on Flora and Fauna and Precautions to be taken: Construction Stage: Because the species found in the construction stage of the project are of movable forms, they may go away from the environment and back to the present alternative habitats in the vicinity. However, the species are expected to return to their usual living areas after the construction stage has completed. Therefore, the generations of the species are not predicted to endanger during the construction stage of the project and after the construction required precautions are going to be taken in order to minimize the negative effects to be caused by the operation. For flora and fauna, NO and NO2 are known to be the most important pollutants to be resulted from the project during the operational stage. Because the concentration values which NO and NO2 to be resulted from the power plant emissions will cause at the ground level will be under the boundary level, any negative effect caused by the emissions in question is not expected on flora and fauna. The designing values in the units of the power plant will be determined in a way that the noise is at the minimum level. Consequently, the levels of the noise to be caused will be under the boundary level determined by the Regulations on Evaluation and Administration of Environmental Noise. So, it will be out of question that the fauna present in the area of influence of the project is affected negatively by the noise to be resulted from the project. The following is the precautions to be taken in order to prevent or minimize that effect: Access to the site of project will be provided through the present roads. Temporary roads to be built during the construction will be as narrow and short as possible. Exits to the natural areas outside of the site of the project will be banned or as limited as possible. Required environmental precautions will be taken and related regulations will be followed during the construction period. The employees who will work in the construction and operation periods will be trained and prevented from hunting illegally. If possible, activities will be confined to only the site of the project and the roads within the project and the exits from the determined routes will be prevented. Excavation debris will not be stored on the banks of streams. For the species stated on the protection lists determined for 2010-2011 Hunting Season made in accordance with the regulations of the Central Hunting Commission under the General Directorate of Conservation of Nature and National Parks under the Ministry of Forests and Hydraulic Works (Ministry of Environment and Forests), these protection regulations will be followed. In addition, the regulations stated by the Bern Convention and CITES will also be observed. 111 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT VII.2.13 Mines and Fossil Fuel Resources (amounts of reservoirs, current and planned operational conditions, yearly production and its significance for national or local usage and economic values) The city of Kırıkkale is rich in diversity of mineral ores, though poor in reservoirs. Apart from the following reservoirs, through the explorations carried by the General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, it is found out that asbestos, marble, fluorite, copper, zinc, chromite and magnesite exist in the region, but they aren’t found as worth operating because they are of poor quality, and they aren’t taken into consideration in planning and projecting studies. There are partly quarries and sand quarries and other mineral resources in the city of Kırıkkale, and the following Table 36 and Table 37 provides information related to these mineral resources:. Table-36 Information related to the mineral resources in the City of Kırıkkale Type of Mineral Industrial Minerals Metallic Minerals Energy Minerals Bentonite Copper-Lead-Zinc Molybdenum Location Keskin-Village of Besler Reserve 48,000 tone Tenor - Keskin-Derek-Zuhuru Çelebi 200,000 tone visible+possible 30 tone 26,000 visible, 31,000 possible 55-60% Pb 55-60% Fe2O3 Kırlangıç-Kenanobası Taşlı Güneyyatağı Village of Balışıh-Hüseyinbey, Karamustafa Zone 2.5-2.6% Cu 36% Mn 0.15-2.12% Mo (Source: Environmental Status Report for the City of Kırıkkale) Table-37 Information related to the Quarries in the City of Kırıkkale Name and Family Name of the Owner of the Quarry Muharrem Zengin Beyton LSC Remzi Kılıç Ekrem Karakaya Hasan Taşdemir Mahzar Akyüz EN-KA LLC Çiğdem Industry Halil Avan Öz Yurdakullar Yaşar Özen Hasan Taşdemir Yücel Büyükkayacı Hamza Teke Location Type of the Quarry Size m2 Starting Date of the License Completing Date of the License Köçekgölü Division, Village of Akçakavak, Balışeyh, Central Hodar Division, Bahşılı Kumhisse Division, Village of Bağcılar, Delice Şahinyeri Division, Village of Karabekir, Delice Ayrıada Division, Village of Tatlıcak, Delice Dedeağaç Division, Village of Işıklar, Balışeyh Central Kale Division, Yahşihan Yazı Division, Village of Hacıballı, Yahşihan Akkoşan Division, Karakeçili Village of Irmak, Yahşihan Çatal Division, Town of B.Yağlı, Delice Kumhisse Division, Village of Bağcılar, Delice Sökmen, Village of Hacıballı, Yahşıhan Boztepe Division, Village of İzzettin, Balışeyh Sand Quarry 4,700 05.04.2006 05.04.2011 Sand Quarry 2,800 07.28.2005 07.28.2010 Sand Quarry 3,000 06.19.2006 06.19.2011 Sand Quarry 3,000 04.28.2006 06.28.2011 Sand Quarry 5,252 07.28.2005 07.28.2010 Sand Quarry 3,000 05.18.2005 05.18.2010 Sand Quarry 3,000 04.28.2006 04.28.2011 Sand Quarry 3,000 06.26.2002 06.26.2007 Sand Quarry Sand Quarry Sand Quarry 3,000 5,000 3,000 06.09.2004 01.15.2003 06.24.2005 06.09.2009 01.15.2008 06.24.2010 Sand Quarry 10,000 09.01.2005 09.01.2010 Sand Quarry 5,860 09.12.2006 09.12.2011 Sand Quarry 8,132.34 08.31.2005 08.31.2010 112 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Güvensoy Mining Bilal Kocamanoğlu Abdullah Eriş Tufan Kızıltan MNG Power Generating LSC Çelebi Municipality Central Çobankaya Division, Delice Yavşanlı Division, Village of Evliyalı, Delice Ağcalar Division, Village of Hacıballı, Yahşihan Uludere Division, Central Hasandede Kızılırmak, Village of Hamzalı, Sulakyurt Y.Karabucak Division, Village of Karabucak, Çelebi Sand Quarry 3,080 Sand Quarry 3,700 03.06.2006 03.06.2011 Sand Quarry 32,243 05.04.2006 05.04.2011 Sand Quarry 10,000 05.03.2006 05.03.2011 Sand Quarry 30,843 05.30.2006 05.30.2011 Sand Quarry 3,000 06.30.2006 06.30.2011 (Source: Environmental Status Report for the City of Kırıkkale) In the city of Kırıkkale are no reservoirs of energy sources such as anthracite, lignite, and bituminous schist and crude oil reserves. A meeting on the site of the project in question was held with the Division of Monitoring under the General Directorate of Mining Affairs (MIGEM). As stated in the report number 551570 issued by MIGEM on 05.18.2011, it was determined that there was one exploring site for a tender of IV Group on the site of the project. However, considering the common good, MIGEM didn’t object because there was currently no running license to mine, and so the site wasn’t designated to be an area where mining was prohibited, and it was registered in the MIGEM records as the area especially permitted for Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant. The argument of MIGEM related to the issue is in the appendix (See Annex-15). Within the site of the project are currently no mining fields. VII.2.14 Animal Husbandry (types, grazing fields, yearly production amounts, significance and value of these products for national economy) Bovine and ovine husbandry, poultry rising, aquaculture (fishery), and apiculture are carried out in the city of Kırıkkale, and information on the animal population in the city of Kırıkkale is given below (Table-38). 113 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table-38 Animal Population in the City of Kırıkkale TYPE OF ANIMALS Cattle (Pure culture) Cattle (Hybrid culture) Bovine Cattle (Domestic-other) Indian Buffalos Total Odd-toed Odd-toed Sheep (Domestic-other) Sheep (Merino) Ovine Pashmina Goats Angora Goats Total Chickens (egg) Chicken (broiler) Turkey Poultry Ducks Geese Total Apiculture Beehives (Kaynak: İl Tarım Müdürlüğü) 2009 8.981 32.138 22.967 163 64.249 995 115.699 2.015 22.910 3.111 143.735 80.150 81.100 7.050 3.090 4.660 176.050 14.305 The amount of animal products realized in the city of Kırıkkale is shown in Table-39. Table-39 Production of Animal Products – Amount of Animal Products in 2009 (in Tones) Red Meat White Meat Milk Fleece Mohair Goat Hair Honey Egg (piece) Pelt (piece) 2,059.46 41,665.92 60.6 2.4 20.7 143,112 9,527,670 17,889 The studies to develop fishery started between 1997 and 2000 in the city of Kırıkkale. 50,000 mirror carp, 19,900 carp, 12,000 bass and 7,800 catfish were released to the River Kızılırmak, the Delice Stream and the Çipi Creek in 1999, and since then they have been trying to breed them. Besides, 30,000 common carp were raised in Pond Cin Ali in Keskin according to the data issued by Provincial Directorate of Agriculture. Table-40 below shows the production amounts by fish species in the city of Kırıkkale. Table-40 Freshwater Products by Species (2009) Type of Products Amount of Production (in Tones) Zander Catfish Carp Mirror Carp Common Carp TOTAL 0 0 0 0 30 30 (Source: Provincial Directorate of Agriculture) 114 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT As to apiculture, we have seen great developments since 1996. Apiculture started in 126 villages in 1999. 150 beehives in 1997, 3021 beehives in 1998, 720 beehives in 1999 and totally 4891 beehives were bred. According to the data issued by Provincial Directorate of Agriculture, there were 10,321 beehives in the whole city, and 143,380 tones of honey and 5,940 tones of beeswax were produced in 2003. There were 9,324 beehives and 133,900 kg of honey and 1,800 kg of beeswax were produced in 2004. Table 41 below provides the amounts of production related to apicultural works in the city of Kırıkkale. Table 41 the Number of Beehives and Honey and Beeswax Production in Kırıkkale in 2009 THE NUMBER OF BEEHIVES (PIECE) OLD TYPE NEW TYPE County of Yahşihan 14 The whole city 1,570 (Source: Provincial Directorate of Agriculture) 3,700 12,735 HONEY PRODUCTION kg) 37,000 143,112 (in BEESWAX PRODUCTION (in kg) 185 4,937 Animal husbandry is an important source of income in the county of Yahşihan, Kırıkkale, where the project will be carried out. Raising bovine and ovine is performed in 10 uplands located around the city. Individuals produce milk and dairy products and put up them for sale. The number of the present animals, the scales of the enterprises per animal and the amounts of animal products in the county of Yahşihan are shown below (Table 42, Table 43 and Table 44). Table 42 the number of the animals present in the county of Yahşihan (2010) Cattle 1,100 Baby Calves / Calves 700 Indian Buffalos 0 Sheep 3,950 Goats 850 Horses 3 Donkeys 75 Chickens 3,000 Turkey 200 Ducks 150 Geese 20 Pigeon 450 Table 43 Amounts of the Products Obtained from Animals ANIMAL Cow milk Beef Lamb – Goat Meat Honey AMOUNT OF PRODUCT (IN TONES) 576 50 72 4 Table 44 the Scales of the Enterprises per Animal Ovine 1-30 30-60 60-100 more than 100 Enterprise 4 6 9 13 Bovine 1-5 6-15 16-50 more than 50 115 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 Enterprise 139 95 17 1 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The nearest settlement area to the project area is Hacıbalı Village which is located opposite side of the Kızılırmak River. Other settlement areas are Irmak Municipality at approximately 3000 m distance and Kılıclar Municipality at approximately 5000 m. There do not exist large scaled animal husbandary activities in the region. Local community generally deals with agricultural activities which has the largest source of income. Since the project area far away from settlement areas and land conditions are not well-qualified for the animal husbandary, in the project area any animal husbandary avtivies were not observed. VII.2.15 Areas which are under the rule and at the disposal of the authorized governmental bodies (Military Restricted Zones, areas assigned to governmental institutions and organizations for certain purposes, etc.) According to the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Inspection and Survey Form issued by the Forestry Operations Department of Kırıkkale, the site of the project in question lays in a forested area. However, the existence of a forest wasn’t discovered on the site in question in the field survey performed. The natural flora there is observed as steppe. The site of the project isn’t located in military restricted zones or in the areas assigned to governmental institutions and organizations for certain purposes. There is a military zone about 5 km northeast of the site of the project, near downtown Yahşihan. VII.2.16 Determining the area of influence of the facility by performing a modeling study taking present weather quality and sensibility of the area into consideration, Kırıkkale Weather Quality Monitoring Station, which was established by the Ministry of Environment and Forests in 2006 for the purpose of determining current weather quality, (Longitude: 33.5050; Latitude: 39.8400; Elevation: 750 m) is located in the city of Kırıkkkale. PM10 and SO2 parameters belonging to the region are regularly measured in the station, which is about 10.5 km southeast of the site of the project. The PM10 and SO2 data measured between 01.01.2009 and 01.01.2011 issued by the station were studied for the purpose of determining the current weather quality of the region and the data on regional weather quality are provided below. The most important air pollutant in natural gas combustion systems is NOx emission. A Passive Sampling was carried out in the area of influence of the project for the purpose of determining the level of NOx emission currently present in the region. The results of the measurements obtained from the studies to determine present Weather Quality are given below. 116 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Sulphur Oxides Sulphur dioxide has the most important share in the sulphur oxides in the air. Sulphur dioxide is a colourless gas, which lingers a characteristic taste at 0.3-1 ppm and it makes a suffocating feeling at when above 3 ppm. It changes into sulphur trioxide and sulphates with a very fast oxidation in the atmosphere. Sulphur trioxide is an anhydride of sulphuric acid and when it combines with rain or fog drops, it leads to the creation of the abovementioned acid drops in the air. Sulphates are generally comprised of particles with 0.2-0.9 µ diameter, they decrease the visibility range interfering with wavelength with 0,40,7 µ diameter of visible light and they cause cooling in the local climate hindering the soil radiation. Therefore, significant loss of sight occurs when S02 is at typical levels and relative humidity is above 50%. For example, the visible range drops below 8 km in an atmosphere with 265 µ/m3 and 50% relative humidity, which may prevent the jambo airplanes to take off and land. The association of suplhur gases with human health has been the subject matter of many studies so far. In these studies, it was found that the SO2 level in the air is associated with the public health. It has been thought that SO2 leads to respiratory diseases, especially lung failure, and it could be fatal for the patients suffering from respiratory diseases. Another important point is that it would be more appropriate if SO2 is evaluated with primarily particulatr matters and other contaminants. Therefore, except the really high levels, the influences of SO2 on health are considered within the concept of air pollution index together with the particulates. This evaluation system is used in our country. SOx group gases are mostly known for their damage to the technological materials and plants. For example, they increase the drying system of oil-paint and reduce the life span of the paint. They cause the metal surfaces to be worn due to the corrosion. Moreover, they damage the constructional materials such as lime, marble and plaster in a very short time. Even the plastic goods in nylon nature have been reported to be damaged by sulphur gases and acid particles. However, the severest adverse effect they have is on the vegetation cover and forests. 2009-2010 Monthly Average SO2 Emission Data of Kırıkkale Air Quality Monitoring Station are given in the Figure 46 and Figure 47 and as can be seen in the figure below, SO2 emission contaminant reaches high levels during the winter (during January, February, November and December). Thus, the generation of SO2 emission can be said to depend on the use of the fossil fuels for heating purposes. 117 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Feb. Jan. March April May June July August Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Figure 46. 2009-2010 Monthly Average SO2 Emission Data of Kırıkkale City (µg/m3) Jan. Feb. March April May June July August Sep. Oct. Nov. Figure 47. 2009-2010 Monthly Average 24 Hour SO2 Emission Data of Kırıkkale City (µg/m3) 118 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 Dec. ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Particulate Matters (PM10) All the matters which have an average gas molecule size, bigger than 0.0002-0.0003 µm diameter and have the ability to hang in the air for a certain period of time are classified as particulate matters. Accordingly, depending on the concentration of the matter, the biggest particulate which can hang in the air for a short period of time in the still atmosphere is supposed to have approximately 500 µm (0.5 mm). When the air is dusty, which means full of natural or artificial particulate matters; The visibility range decreases, The energy flux in the wavelength where the sunlight carries energy changes It has an adverse effect on human, animal and plant health. It is known that the material by itself which comprises the dusts can also be chemically active and affect human health. Moreover, particulates bring other contaminants where they adsorb the surfaces to sensitive living tissues in a manner higher than their normal concentrations in the air and they increase the harmful effects of these materials. The latter is an effect which increases with the active adsorption level. Therefore, thin particulates have worse influences on human health. 2009-2010 Monthly Average PM Emission Data of Kırıkkale Air Quality Monitoring Station are given in Figures 48 and 49. Jan. Feb. March April May June July August Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Figure 48. 2009-2010 Monthly Average PM Emission Data of Kırıkkale Air Quality Monitoring Station ( µg/m3) 119 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 180.00 160.00 140.00 120.00 100.00 80.00 60.00 40.00 20.00 0.00 Ocak Şubat Mart Nisan Mayıs Jan. Feb. March April May Hazir Tem Ağust Eylül Ekim an muz os June July August PM10 24H 2009 31.00 78.67 80.83 68.25 56.23 49.22 42.10 Sep. Oct. Kası Aralık m Nov. Dec. 133.36115.71 PM10 24H 2010 96.81 87.50 72.55 54.63 52.77 51.59 42.39 65.50 63.92 78.87 162.69 98.04 Figure 49. 2009-2010 Monthly 24-hour Average PM Emission Data of Kırıkkale Air Quality Monitoring Station ( µg/m3) Nitrogen Oxides Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are the most important contaminant gases in the air. They are comprised of the total of NO gas which is created in the high temperature area during oxidation and NO2 which is a further oxidation product of NO. Other than their contributions to the acid rains, they are the main factor in the formation of photochemical smog. Moreover, NO2 is a type of gas which has a direct harmful effect on human health and on the vegetation cover. NOx gases are defined with NO2 equivalent. Among the oxidation-born, the most toxic one is NO2. NO is important more because it is the raw material of NO2. Both gases are part of the natural nitrogen cycle. Their half lives in the atmosphere are low; normally they are expected to have concentration less than 1 ppb in the earth atmosphere. However, these concentrations in the urban atmosphere can increase up to the values of 40-80 ppb and even to 300-140 ppb. In order to determine the NOx pollution level of the project subject, ESER, in the project area DGKCS and around, a Passive Sampling study was performed by the Çınar Environmental Measurement and Analysis Laboratory. In the Annex-2 of the Regulation on Industry-Born Air Pollution, it is stated that “In case that Passive Sampling Method is used in the air quality measurements, at least 4 (four) sampling points are picked for 2 months at the area of investigation where the Air Pollution Contribution Values calculated for the peak points of the areas of investigation is the highest. For the same period, at least 2 (two) sampling points are picked for each area of investigation in the other areas of investigation.” 120 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT However, a Communication No: 2009/19 of 16.10.2009 was published by the Ministry of Environment and Forest in this regard. In the Passive Sampling Method and Air Quality Measurement in the stated Communication, it is stated that; "8.1- In accordance with the Annex-2 of IAPC Regulation, if Passive Sampling Method is used in determining the air quality in the plant influence area, the air quality measurements should be performed with 4 passive sampling tubes at the area of investigation where the Air Pollution Contribution Value is the highest and 2 passive sampling tubes at each area of investigation at the other areas of investigation (at least two or more area of investigation) where the air pollution is high. 8.2- The place and number of passive sampling at the areas of investigation where air pollution is high change depending on the height of the stacks at the plant, their mass flow, the distribution directions of the contaminants and should be determined considering the residential areas in the region. When analyzing the air quality measurement reports so far, a total of 8 and 16 passive sampling tubes distributed considering the abovementioned conditions at the plant influence area is found to be enough in determining the air quality. The competent authority can increase the place and the number of the sampling. Accordingly, an area in the size of 11 km x 11 km was selected as a project influence area around the activity field, passive sampling was performed at 10 points for determining the current situation within the stated area of influence. The following points were considered in determining the sampling points: Project field and area of influence The results of the air quality distribution modeling given in the Title VIII.2.6 The topographic status of the activity field and around The closest residential areas (Hacıbalı Village, Irmak Municipality, Kılıclar Municipality, Yahsihan Municipality) Irmak Municipality Urban Development Area Mass Housing Project Area Land House around the Project Area The measurement points where the passive measurement tubes were placed and the coordinate of which is shown in Table 45 are shown in Figure 50 and 51. At the stated points, sampling has been performed at 3 period intervals every 20 days between 24.06.2011 and 24.08.2011. 121 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 45. Air Quality Sampling Points Line No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Name of the Point Around the Project Field Around the Project Field-Farm House Mass Housing Project Area Hacıbalı Village Yahşihan Municipality Kılıçlar Municipality Irmak Municipality Urban Development Area Irmak Municipality X 534481 535070 536408 537070 538825 530622 530827 Y 4415880 4418138 4419501 4419170 4412723 4415378 4418198 533271 4420747 Kırıkkale Organized Industry Zone 537326 4417288 South of the Project Area 534587 4415641 99 Figure 50. Air Quality Sampling Points Map 122 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Figure 51. Pictures of the Air Quality Sampling Points Sampling results were obtained and it is given in the following Table 46. Analysis results are given in the appendix (See Annex-16) Considering the air quality sampling results, the highest NO2 concentration was found at the point close to Yahsihan Municipality with 21,87 µg/m3. 123 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 46. Air Quality Sampling Results (µg/m3) 1. Period NO2 NOx 2. Period NO2 NOx NO 3. Period NO2 NOx NO NO2 11,81 2,87 6,88 12,10 5,22 8,35 11,96 4,05 8,37 11,64 3,27 5,10 10,49 5,39 6,97 11,20 4,22 < LOD 13,90 15,97 2,06 10,0 0 12,87 2,87 13,0 0 13,93 2,47 17,2 8 1,86 14,70 20,07 5,36 9,32 13,50 4,19 13,1 5 16,95 3,80 21,87 25,8 8 4,01 14,85 13,67 < LOD 11,5 8 11,35 < LOD 16,1 0 16,97 4,01 6,88 17,0 0 10,12 8,80 11,06 2,26 6,25 7,77 1,52 7,31 11,94 4,63 9,23 14,4 5 5,22 11,01 15,19 4,19 8,63 13,62 4,99 9,62 14,42 4,80 12,13 15,1 6 3,04 11,38 15,59 4,21 7,68 15,51 7,83 10,4 0 15,42 5,03 12,33 13,7 9 1,46 4,79 5,82 1,03 6,28 10,43 4,16 7,80 10,01 2,22 7,17 12,6 4 5,47 7,37 12,13 4,76 4,84 13,33 8,48 6,46 12,70 6,24 Line No Name of the Point 1 Around Project Area 9,23 * * 8,94 2 Around Project Area- Farm House 7,45 11,4 7 4,01 3 Mass Housing Project Area 15,11 12,9 6 4 Hacıbalı Village 15,42 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yahşihan Municipality Kılıçlar Municipality Irmak Municipality Urban Development Area Irmak Municipality Kırıkkale Organized Industry Zone South of the Project Area NO AVERAGE NOx NO *Tube lost. VII.2.17 Other features There is no other point to be mentioned in this part. VII.3. Characteristics of Socio-Economic Environment VII.3.1 Economic Characteristics (main sectors forming the economic structure of the region, place and importance in the region and country economy, other information) Kırıkkale province center is a highly populated industrial city, and economic structure of other district centers and rural section are based on agriculture. In Kırıkkale, manufacturing industry, along with the big enterprises belong to public sector, consists of small and medium scale enterprises belonging to the private sector. Machinery and Chemical Industry Corporation Factories and Tüpraş Refinery take important place in the economic structure of the province. 124 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Kırıkkale manufacturing industry that developed based on the public sector; while metal and petro-chemical industry is intensifying, along with the development in the private sector as being dependent to this industry sections, also development directed to the agricultural machinery, food and feed industry, soil, textile, tree and furniture works industry occurred. 5 out of 10 factories of the Machinery and Chemical Industry Corporation, 1 out of 2 enterprises and Directorate of Junk are located in the Kırıkkale province. Mainly Ankara, for the purpose of meeting the petroleum need of many provinces in Middle Anatolian Region, with TÜPRAŞ Middle Anatolian Refiner that was established in Kırıkkale province Hacılar town and has petroleum treating capacity of 5 million ton/year and from Ceyhan terminal of the Petroleum Pipeline Corporation, crude oil that reaches by pipe line 447 km in length is refined. 1. Organized Industrial Zone is located in an area of 150 hectare in which private sector establishments operate. Facilities that commence production in Kırıkkale Organized Industrial Zone are food, furniture, textile, forestry, printing, recycling, plastic, chemistry, petroleum products, feed industry and agricultural products, forgery, production of machines without electricity, agricultural machinery, boiler, electric machines, weapon, metal, machinery facilities. The subject matter Kırıkkale Organized Industrial Zone is located about 1,5 km east of the project area. Organized İnsdustrial Site Project Area Figure 52. Organized Industrial Zone and Project Area Satellite Image 125 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT For the purpose of establishing the II. Organized Industrial Zone, it is planned as I. Stage 154 hectare in the place of Keskin-Cankurtaran that is 15 km. to the province center on the Kırıkkale-Kırşehir road. In addition, for the purpose of establishing an orderly and modern place in the province center in line with the necessities of the small scale industrial tradesmen, Kırıkkale Small Industrial Area in Yahşihan district on 24,5 hector with worksite capacity of 376 and 1.148 workers was constructed and put into operation that is takes an importance place in the province economy. According to the Socio-Economic Development Order made in 2003 by the Undersecretariat of State Planning Organization, Kırıkkale takes 33rd place from the point of view of development within 81 provinces. Whereas according to the study made in 2004; Kırıkkale Central District, takes place in 42nd order and 2nd degree development group in the development order. In province wide, rarity of private sector investments draws attention. While the public facilities in the province center creates an industrial city appearance for the city center, an agricultural weighed economic structure dominates the cities. According to the State Planning Organization data, socio-economic development order of the Yahşihan District and Kırıkkale Central District where the project area is located are as follows: Table 47. Socio-economic development order of the Yahşihan District and Kırıkkale Central District District Name Development Order within Socio-Economic Development Development Group 872 Districts Index Center 42 1,92203 2 Yahşihan 221 0,32637 3 VII.3.2 Population (urban and rural population in the area; migrations, population increase ratios, other information) Kırıkkale province takes place in 61st order in population size order of 81 provinces in the country wide. According to the results of population census made from 1935 to 2009, city and village population developments of Kırıkkale is as follows. According to the Address Based Population Registration System (ADNKS) results of year 2009; total population in Kırıkkale province is 280.834 persons. Of this population 232.990 live in the district centers, 47.844 in towns and villages. Proportionally, 82.96 % of the population is in the cities, 17.04 % in villages. Population increase is around 0.5%. 126 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 48. City and Village Population Data by Years of Kırıkkale Province Years City Population Village Total Population (individual) Population Population Increase Ratio (individual) (individual) 1935 4.599 9,895 14,494 -- 1945 14.496 39.642 54.138 273,52 1950 15.750 46.340 62.090 14,69 1955 27.807 50.607 78.414 26,29 1960 42.904 33.353 76.257 -2,75 1970 57.669 43.416 101.085 32,56 1975 137.874 39.281 177.155 75,25 1980 178.401 44.492 222.893 25,82 1985 208.018 54.331 262.349 17,70 1990 243.378 106.018 349.396 33,18 2000 285.294 98.214 383.508 9,76 2007 230.189 50.045 280.234 -26,93 2008 230.354 48.971 279.325 -0,32 2009 232.990 47.844 280.834 0,54 City Population Village Population Total Population Figure 53. City and Village Population Data of Kırıkkale Province by Years According to this graphic, until year 2000 a steady increase is seen in the Kırıkkale province villages and city population. But, after 2000, decreases are seen in both village and city population. The reason of this situation is the migrations from village and city to other cities with economic problems. 127 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Big portion of the workers who will work during the construction stage of the project will be employed the region, and the logistic services that has importance in the realization of the project (such as fuel purchases, accommodation of the workers and necessities, construction material necessities) again will be procured from the region. Similar necessities during the operation stage will be met from the region as far as possible. It is expected that the regional economy will be effected positively and these migrations experienced will be decrease by the implementation of the subject matter project. Table 49. Yahşihan District Province/District Central and Town/Village Population Data by Years Kırıkkale Years Yahşihan Province/District Center Town/Villages Total Total Man Woman Total Man Woman Total Man Woman 2009 12.420 6.224 6.196 3.577 1.799 1.778 15.997 8.023 7.974 2008 9.573 5.001 4.572 3.749 1.899 1.850 13.322 6.900 6.422 2007 9.166 4.742 4.424 3.797 1.938 1.859 12.963 6.680 6.283 VII.3.3 Social Infrastructure Services in the Region (Education, health, endemic diseases in the region, cultural services and availability of these services) Education: Kırıkkale has reached to a good level from the point of view of education. In 20092010 academic year, schooling ratio is at the level of 48% in the pre-school education, 98% in elementary school institutions, 84% in secondary school. According to year 2008 ADNKS results, literacy state over 6 ages and above, 19.123 illiterate (7,46%), 220.964 literate (86,23%), unknown 16.176 (6,31%), total 256.263 (100%), population between 0-5 ages are 23.062 persons. There are 256 school in province wide. Distribution of these school are as follows: Table 50. Distribution of the School Type of School Number of Schools Pre-School 96 Elementary Education 117 Secondary Education 43 TOTAL 256 In addition, Kırıkkale University located in the province has been giving education since 1992. 128 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Importance is also attached to the mass education in the Kırıkkale province. In the central province and districts, there are total 9 Public Education Centers as one for each, and 1 Vocational Education Center. In 2008-2009 academic year, reading writing, vocational and technical, social and cultural areas courses were arranged by 9 Public Education Centers. In addition, Guidance Research Center, Science Art Center and Night Art Center render service in the central province. Health: Health services in Kırıkkale province, which is in a rather good condition from the point of view of health services, are presented by 2.476 health personnel subsidiary of Health Ministry, 514 subsidiary of Kırıkkale University, 30 working in other public institutions, 289 employed by private health establishments. In province-wide, 3.309 personnel render service, as 685 doctors, 103 pharmacists, 242 midwifes, 473 nurses, 815 health officers, 991 other health personnel. In province-wide, along with the bed treatment institutions in healthcare field, 1 Mouth and Teeth Health Center, 9 Public Health Centers, 34 Family Healthcare Centers, 84 Family Physicians, 28 Health Houses, 1 Public Health Laboratory, 1 Mother Child Health and Family Planning Center, 1 Tuberculosis Control Dispensary, total 12 units of 112 Emergency Health Services Station as 2 units in the center, 2 in Delice and 1 in other districts render services. Table 51. Hospitals and their Capacities located in Kırıkkale Province Type of Hospitals and Health Institutions Quantity Capacity (year 2006) Number of Outpatients Bed Capacity State Hospital 7 1.338.272 975 University Hospital 1 73.129 120 Health Care Center 44 558.372 - Health House 36 - - Health Center 1 6.195 - Dispenser 1 5.591 129 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Cultural Services and the State of the Availability of these Services: Social facilities located in the Kırıkkale province: Kızılırmak and Valley, Delice River and Valley, Pehlivanlı Plateau (Balışeyh), Azgın Plateau (Balışeyh), Gümüşpınar Plateau (Balışeyh), Suludere Plateau (Balışeyh), Yeşilkaya Plateau (Balışeyh), Hodar Plateau (Bahşılı), Bedesten Plateau (Bahşılı), Kamışlı Plateau (Bahşılı), Sarıkaya Plateau (Bahşılı), Koçu Plateau (Delice), Delikli stone inside forest recreation spot (Balışeyh), Town recreation spot (Koçubaba-Balışeyh), Typical Anatolian Villages, Kısık Area Halil İbrahim Aydoğdu Park (Hasandede), Bahşılı Celal Bayar Park, Kılıçlar Recreation Spots, Hacılar Park, Machinery and Chemical Industry Corporation Swimming Pools, Refinery Swimming Pool, M. Pekdoğan Culture Park, Keskin-Koray Aydın Recreation Park, TÜPRAŞ Şahin Tepesi, TÜPRAŞ Kızılırmak Picnic Area. VII.3.4 Urban and Rural Land Usage in the Immediate Vicinity of the Project Area Surface Area of Kırıkkale Province consists 0.59% of Turkey with 4534 km 2. While the number of persons in per km2 in Kırıkkale was 80 persons in 1990, it has risen to 85 persons in 2000. Size of the average household of Kırıkkale province decreases. When the average household size of the province in 1990 was 5,4 persons, it has dropped to 4,9 persons in 2000. Since the surrounding of the city was closed with neighboring municipalities and river and mountains surrounds it naturally, development of the city cannot be towards the west, it develops through east, i.e. Bahşılı district. In 1990-2000 term, the city population was increasing with a yearly increasing speed of 15,9%, village population decreases with a speed of 7.6%. In 2000, 25,6% of the population of Kırıkkale province lives in villages. According to the data of the Kırıkkale Province General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre, data showing the Land Ownerships of Kırıkkale Province are given in the table below. Table 52. Kırıkkale Province Land Ownership Area (km2) Percentage (%) Residential Areas 108,3 2,31 Forestry Areas 505,3 10,76 Treasury Areas 845,4 18,01 Private Lands 2925,5 62,31 Pasture Areas 11,9 0,25 Rivers and Ponds 24,2 0,52 Areas Other Than Registry 274,2 5,84 Usage Type 130 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Related to the subject matter project area, as indicated in the Environmental Impact Assessment Inspection and Assessment Form received from Kırıkkale Forestry Chief, the subject matter project area stays in forested land. However, in the land studies performed, no forest existence was seen on the subject matter area. Its natural flora was observed as steppe. In addition, as it can be seen from 1/100.000 scale Environmental Plan showing the activity area, Plan Report and Plan Provinces, project area is on the grass and pasture land (See Annex-4). In the west of project area, the slope increases and forms Akkaş Hill. The areas here have a character of grass-posture. In the east of the project area, there is a road, and other side of the road Kızılırmak River runs. In the north and south of the activity area there are empty lands in patches having grass-posture characteristics and arable fields. Surrounding of the project area, nearest residential place is Hacıbalı village and it is located about 2 km in the north-east of the plant. Other rural residential areas are Irmak Municipality, Kılıçlar Municipality, Yahşıhan Municipalit,, and their distance to the project area are respectively 3 km, 5 km, and 6 km. The nearest urban residential area Kırklareli province is about at a distance of 8 km. VII.3.5 Income and Unemployment (Distribution of the income to the lines of business, maximum, minimum and average income per capita in respect of lines of business) According to the Turkish Statistical Institution figures, 51,2% of active population in Kırıkkale work in agricultural sector, 10,4% in industrial sector, 38,4% in services sector. Agricultural sector Industrial sector Services sector Figure 54. Employment Sectors According to the Kırıkkale Province Population According to the Work-force Indications of year 2008 stated by Turkish Statistical Institution in 2009, unemployment ratio in Kırıkkale province is in the level of 11,1%, labor force participation rate is 34,7%, employment rate is 30,9%. According to these data, in Kırıkkale, opening new lines of business in respect of employment is needed. 131 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT According to the date of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security Turkish Employment Institution Directorate of Kırıkkale Province, year 2006 unemployment distribution of Kırıkkale Province are as follows: Table 53. Kırıkkale Province Unemployed persons Distribution (2006) Distribution According to Age Groups 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 Man Woman 188 634 425 277 112 172 79 51 35-39 40-44 45-64 65 and more Total 289 195 146 1 2.155 25 22 14 0 475 Distribution According to the State of Education Illiterate Literate Primary Education Secondary Education (High School and Equivalent) Associate Degree Bachelor's Degree Master Degree Doctor's Degree Man Women 3 10 912 1.004 0 6 90 302 99 100 2 0 2.130 43 58 1 0 500 Distribution According to Social States Normal Disabled Ex-convict Terror-Stricken Man Woman 1.999 105 21 0 491 14 0 0 2.125 505 Machinery and Chemical Industry Corporation ensures employment to total 2.880 personnel. In addition, it has 1.886 worker personnel. Machinery and Chemical Industry Corporation makes important investment project and studies in direction to increase the employment in the province and protect its competitive power and modernization of the facilities that is appropriate to new necessities. About 825 persons are employed in the Turkish Petroleum Corporation plant processing crude oil that reach from the Ceyhan terminal of the Petroleum Pipeline Corporation. 780 persons are employed in the facilities being active in I. Organized Industrial Zone. By entering into service of all companies in the I. Organized Industrial Zone, new employment area will be ensured to 3.000-5.000 persons. About 7000 workers are employed in the small and medium scale industrial establishments located in provincewide. Within the subject matter project scope, construction phase was foreseen as 30 months, during the construction period, many disciplines such as construction, electric, mechanic will work together. All the way through construction, it is planned to employ maximum 1.000 personnel at once. In the worksite, different amount of persons will work in different times, and average number of persons working simultaneously was foreseen as 500 persons. In the operation phase of the project, it is foreseen to employ 40 persons. Since these personnel will be provided from locals as much as possible, labor employment to the local community will be ensured with the project. VII.3.6 Other Characteristics There is no subject to be conveyed in this section. 132 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT A- SECTION VIII. EFFECTS OF THE PROJECT ON THE AREA DEFINED IN SECTION IV, AND THE MEASURES TO BE TAKEN (In this section, the effects of the project on the physical and biological environment, the legal, administrative and technical measures to be taken in order to prevent these effects, to minimize and to improve them are explained in detail under VIII.1 and VIII.2. headings). VIII.1. Site Preparation, Activities at the Stages of Construction and Installation, Effects on the Physical and Biologic Environment, and Measures to be Taken VIII.1.1 Site Preparation, and the amounts and locations of excavations to be made within the scope of the construction of the units; how and where the excavation residues such as stones, sands etc. are to be transported, and for which purposes are to be used; materials, tools and equipments to be used; dust emitting mechanical procedures such as crushing, grinding, transport and storage, and measures to be taken against dust spread. Within the scope of the said project, the activity site was chosen as the area of approximately 227.000 m2 in land parcel no.6, island no. 103, which is situated in Kılıçlar Muncipality, Yahşihan Town, Kırıkkale Province. An average of 30 cm top-soil removal procedure is envisaged in activity site where the vegetable soil exists. It is planned that project area is 227,000 m2 and vegetable soil is excavated approximately 68,100 m3 (227,000x0.3). The vegetable soil in the upper part of the ground in the project site will be removed, and the removed soil shall be protected by grassing in order to ensure that the soil does not lose its properties. The said vegetable soil shall be stored and following the construction activities, it will be used in rehabilitation works. Before commencing the construction works, land arrangement works shall be made over the activity site and following this, construction work shall be commenced. During land arrangement and construction works, approximately 800,000 m3 excavation works shall be made, and approximately 650,000 m3 part of excavation soil from the excavation soil shall be used in backfilling procedure. The Amount of Vegetable Soil The Amount of Excavation Soil The Amount of the excavation soil shall be used in backfilling procedure : : : 68.100 m3 800.000 m3 650.000 m3 In addition, approximately 66,000 m3 filling material of various properties will be obtained from the market in order to in back filling works. Excess excavation material of approximately 150,000 m3 to be obtained shall dumped in any creek bed, surface water resource, agricultural land, and forestry areas. 133 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The provisions of “Regulations on Control of Excavation Soil, Construction and Demolition Work Wastes”, which was published and enacted in the Official Gazette of 18.03.2004 with no. 25406, and the provisions of the “Regulations on Soil Pollution Control and on the Point Source Polluted Soils”, which was published and enacted in the Official Gazette of 08.06.2010 with no. 27605, shall be complied with during the storage of the excess excavation material obtained within the scope of the project. The provisions of “Industrial Air Pollution Control Regulation”, which was published and enacted in the Official Gazette of 03.07.2009 with no. 27277, shall be complied with during the transport, loading and storage of the excavation soil in the project site. Loading and unloading shall be made without causing any material scattering; trucks will be covered with canvas material, and in order to prevent dust formation, water sprinkling shall be made as necessary. In this scope, all transport works shall be made covered. Dust emission will occur due to land arrangement and excavation – filling activities to be executed during the construction works of the project. Further, a ready-mixed concrete plant of 100 m3/h capacity to be used in the construction stage is envisaged within the scope of the project, and approximately 50,000 m3 of ready-mixed concrete shall be produced during civil works. The aggregate material required for concrete production shall be procured from the market as the ready material. Temporary construction camp and ready-mixed concrete plant shall be installed in a suitable location in the project site. Depending on the concrete type planned to be produced; cement, water and certain additives (melamine and powder polymer based) shall be loaded in the mixer unit by automatic weighting; these additives are used to increase the strength, density and workability of the concrete, to decrease the amount of mixing water, and to act as the anti-freeze, depending on the concrete properties required. The produced ready-mixed concrete is discharged from the concrete silos to the transmixers, which also carry the concrete to the construction camp where it will be used. The ready-mixed concrete plant shall be used during the construction phase, and it will be shut down upon completion of the construction phase. The materials planned to be used in the ready-mixed concrete plant, and their amounts are given below: Aggregate Cement Additives : 62,500 m3 : 14,375 tons : 170 tons 134 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 54. Quantities of the Excavation / Materials to Be Processed during the Construction Phase within the Scope of the Project Amount Excavation/ Material Source - Unit Land arrangement – Construction Works (m3) Density kg/dm 3 ton/m3 Quantity (tons) Excavation period Material Quantity (mo) (day) (hour) (tons/h) 800,000 1.60 1,280,000 12 30 16 222 650,000 1,60 1,040,000 12 30 16 181 66,000 2,33 153,780 12 30 16 27 Ready-Mixed Concrete 50,000 2.33 116,500 12 30 16 20 Aggregate 62,500 1.80 112,500 12 30 16 20 14,375 12 30 16 2 – Excavation Works Construction Works Material from the – Filling Excavation Material Procured from Outside Cement Since the excess excavation soil will be stored in a suitable location and the transport to this location, excavation discharge to it and the storage of the excavation material there will be made at different times and in different locations, these operations are considered separately. As the excavation and filling works will be carried out at the same time with concrete production and in the same location, the dust emissions to be generated are considered together. Since the excess excavation soil will be stored in a location to be shown by Kılıçlar Municipality, and since the transport to this location, excavation discharge to it and the storage of the excavation material there will be made at different times and in different locations, these operations are considered separately. Mass flow calculations for the dust emissions for the units included within the scope of the Project were made on the basis of “Industrial Air Pollution Control Regulation”, which was published and enacted in the Official Gazette of 03.07.2009 with no. 27277, and on the basis of Dust Emission Factors given in Table 12.6 in Annex-12 and the reference values issued by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. As a result, the said reference values are given below: Sources Emission Factors kg/ton Uncontrolled Contolled 0,025 0,0125 0,010 0,005 0,7 0,35 0,010 0,005 0.36 0,0005 Removal Loading Transport (total return distance) Unloading Cement Unloading Below, the generated dust emission values as per the operations involving dust emissions in the activity site are calculated. 135 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 55. Amounts of Dust Emissions to be Generated during the Construction Phase Uncontrolled Condition Material Amount (ton/h) Emission Factor (kg/ton) Mass Flow Value of Dust Emission (kg/h) Excavation Removal 222 0.025 5.55 Excavation Dumping 208 0.01 2.08 Excavation Loading 41 0.01 0.41 Agreganın Boşaltılması 20 0.01 0.20 Çimentonun Boşaltılması 2 0.36 0.72 Hazır Betonun Yüklenmesi 20 0.01 0.20 20 0.70 0.18 Emission Sources Hazır Betonun Gerekli Concrete Plant Ünitelere Taşınması1 1 Distance of transport 0.5 Amount of material carried by a truck in one run 40 TOTAL 9,34 Controlled Condition Material Amount (ton/h) Emission Factor (kg/ton) Mass Flow Value of Dust Emission (kg/h) Excavation Removal 222 0.0125 2,78 Excavation Dumping 208 0.005 1,04 Excavation Loading 41 0.005 0.21 Aggregate unloading 20 0,005 0,10 Cement unloading 2 0,0005 0,001 20 0,005 0,10 20 0,35 0,09 Emisyon Kaynağı Loading Ready-Mixed Concrete Concrete Plant Transporting Ready-Mixed Concrete to the Necessary Units 1 1 Distance of transport 0,5 Amount of material carried by a truck in one run 40 TOTAL 4,32 The dust emissions expected to be generated while transporting the excavated material loaded onto the are calculated as shown below. 136 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 56. Expected Dust Emissions During Transporting Excavated Soil During Construction Phase Uncontrolled Condition Emission Source Emission Factor (kg/ton) Material Quantity (tons/h) Excavation Transport* 41 Mass Flow Value of Dust Emission (kg/h) 0.70 0.36 1* Distance of transport Amount of material carried by a truck in one run 0.5 40 Controlled Condition Emission Source Emission Factor (kg/ton) Material Quantity (tons/h) Excavation Transport* 41 Mass Flow Value of Dust Emission (kg/h) 0.35 0.18 1* Distance of transport Amount of material carried by a truck in one run 0.5 40 When the calculated dust emissions are evaluated on the basis of “Industrial Air Pollution Control Regulation”, which was published and enacted in the Official Gazette of 03.07.2009 with no. 27277, provided in Table 2.1 in Annex-2, the Dust Modeling was prepared by using AERMOD for the construction activities exceeding 1 kg/h limit value is given below. During modelling works, the meteorological data of 2004 recorded by Kırıkkale Meteorological Station (Station No: 17135; latitude: 39.51 N; longitude: 33.31 E) of General Directorate for State Meteorological Affairs have been used. Table 57 Results and Assessment of Suspended Particulate Matter and Precipitated Dust Distribution Short-term Limit Value Long-term Value 1st Maximum Long-term Value 2nd Maximum 180 114.75 (x:535000, y:4418000) Sidehill 31.80 (x:534987, y:4418091) Farmhouse 37.74 (x:534987, y:4418091) Farmhouse 494 63.53 (x:535000, y:4418000) Sidehill 12.95 (x:534987, y:4418091) Farmhouse Controlled Condition Short-term Value Short-term Limit Value Long-term Value 1st Maximum Long-term Value 2nd Maximum Distribution Result on Distance Basis of the Suspended Particulate Matter (g/m3) 28.90 (x:534987, y:4418091) Farmhouse 180 53.01 (x:535000, y:4418000) Sidehill 14.69 (x:534987, y:4418091) Farmhouse Distribution Result on Distance Basis of the Precipitated Matter (mg/m2.gün) 17.43 (x:534987, y:4418091) Farmhouse 494 29.34 (x:535000, y:4418000) Sidehill 5,98 (x:534987, y:4418091) Farmhouse Uncontrolled Condition Short-term Value Distribution Result on Distance Basis of the Suspended Particulate Matter (g/m3) 62.57 (x:534987, y:4418091) Farmhouse Distribution Result on Distance Basis of the Precipitated Matter (mg/m2.gün) 137 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 Long-term Limit Value 96 266 Long-term Limit Value 96 266 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Irmak Municipality Hacıbalı Village Kılıçlar Municipality Yahşihan Town Figure 55. On the Topographical Map: Under Uncontrolled Conditions for 24 Hours 1st Maximum Concrentations of Suspended Particulate Matter on Distance Basis 138 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Irmak Municipality Hacıbalı Village Kılıçlar Municipality Yahşihan Town Figure 56. On the Topographical Map: Under Uncontrolled Conditions for 24 Hours 1st Maximum Values of Participated Dust on Distance Basis 139 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Irmak Municipality Hacıbalı Village Kılıçlar Municipality Yahşihan Town Figure 57. On the Topographical Map: Under Uncontrolled Conditions Annual Maximum Concrentations of Suspended Particulate Matter on Distance Basis 140 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Irmak Municipality Hacıbalı Village Kılıçlar Municipality Yahşihan Town Figure 58. On the Topographical Map: Under Uncontrolled Conditions Annual Maximum Values of Participated Dust on Distance Basis 141 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Irmak Municipality Hacıbalı Village Kılıçlar Municipality Yahşihan Town Figure 59. On the Topographical Map: Under Controlled Conditions for 24 Hours 1st Maximum Concrentations of Suspended Particulate Matter on Distance Basis 142 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Irmak Municipality Hacıbalı Village Kılıçlar Municipality Yahşihan Town Figure 60. On the Topographical Map: Under Controlled Conditions for 24 Hours 1st Maximum Values of Participated Dust on Distance Basis 143 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Irmak Municipality Hacıbalı Village Kılıçlar Municipality Yahşihan Town Figure 61. On the Topographical Map: Under Controlled Conditions Annual Maximum Concrentations of Suspended Particulate Matter on Distance Basis 144 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Irmak Municipality Hacıbalı Village Kılıçlar Municipality Yahşihan Town Figure 62. On the Topographical Map: Under Controlled Conditions Annual Maximum Concrentations of Precipitated Dust on Distance Basis Mass flow value of the dust generated from the activities carrying out within the scope of the Project was calculated according to Annex 12-d of Industrial Air Pollution Control Regulation (IAPCR) by using both controlled factors and uncontrolled condition factors. 145 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT When each emission source is evaluated as per IAPCR Annex 12-d C.1.4. by taking into account IAPCR and Regulations on Air Quality Assessment and Management”, which was published and enacted in the Official Gazette 06.06.2008 with no. 26898 and Regulations Amending the Regulations on Air Quality Assessment and Management”, which was published and enacted in the Official Gazette of 05.05.2009 with no. 27219, short-term limit value of suspended particulate matter is 180 g/m3 and long-term limit value of suspended particulate matter is 96 g/m3; long-term limit value of precipitated dust is 494 g/m3 and long-term limit value of precipitated dust is 266 g/m3. By using uncontolled condition emmission factors, short-term concentration value, which is a Result of Suspended Particulate Matter Distribution based on Distance calculated with the dust emmission mass flow, is 62,57 g/m3 and not exceed the short term limit value which is 180 g/m3. By using uncontolled condition emmission factors, long-term 1st maximum concentration value, which is a Result of Suspended Particulate Matter Distribution based on Distance calculated with the dust emmission mass flow, is 114.75 g/m3 and exceeds the long term limit value which is 96 g/m3. However, in the point in question there is no residential area or agricultural fields and concentration value develops on the sidehill near the Project area. Long-term 2nd maximum concentration value which is 31,80 g/m3 develops on farm house approximately 200 m far from the Project area and it is much less than the long-term limit value, 96 g/m3. By using uncontolled condition emmission factors, short-term concentration value, which is a Result of Participated Dust Distribution based on Distance calculated with the dust emmission mass flow, is 37,74 mg/m3 and not exceed the short term limit value which is 494 mg/m3. Moreover, 1st maximum value, a Result of Participated Dust Distribution based on distance, is 63,53 mg/m2.day and it does not exceed the long-term limit value which is 266 mg/m2.day. During construction period, the areas will be moisturized by spreying water with sprinklers in working sites, truck movement areas, construction equipment work areas and during loading-unloading operations work will be performed carefully in order to prevent scattering under controlled conditions. By using contolled condition emmission factors, short-term concentration value, which is a Result of Suspended Particulate Matter Distribution based on Distance calculated with the dust emmission mass flow, is 28,90 g/m3 and not exceed the short term limit value which is 180 g/m3. Moreover, 1st maximum concentration value, a Result of Suspended Particulate Matter Distribution based on Distance, is 53,01 g/m2.day and it is much less than the long-term limit value which is 96 /m2.day. By using contolled condition emmission factors, short-term concentration value, which is a Result of Participated Dust Distribution based on Distance calculated with the dust emmission mass flow, is 17,43 mg/m3 and not exceed the short term limit value which is 494 mg/m3. Moreover, 1st maximum value, a Result of Participated Dust 146 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Distribution based on Distance, is 29,34 mg/m2.day and it does not exceed the long-term limit value which is 266 mg/m2.day. By using contolled condition emmission factors, a Result of Suspended Particulate Matter Distribution based on Distance and a Result of Participated Dust Distribution based on Distance calculated with the dust emmission mass flow do not exceed short-term and long-term limit values. VIII.1.2 Transport and Storage of Explosive, Inflammable, Dangerous and Toxic Materials to be used during Site Preparation and also during the Construction of the Units; For Which Procedures to Use them, and the Tools and Machines to be used for these Procedures A temporary storage facility will be installed for the fuel required for the machinery and equipment that will operate in land arrangement and construction works within the scope of the project. The bottom part of this storage facility shall be made of concrete, and its surrounding will be covered with a leakage barrier against leakages and spills. In addition, the oil changes needed by the machines shall be performed in the maintenance department to be set up in the site, and will be brought in upon the need. A continuous storage shall not be made. Apart from this, no inflammable, explosive, dangerous and toxic materials shall be used. Within the scope of the project, no explosions shall be made during land arrangement and construction works. VIII.1.3 Works to be implemented for ground safety (bearing strength, allowable stress, settlement calculations) The geological structure in the project site is comprised generally of current alluviums in the Kızılırmak river bed, of slope rubbles and terrace materials in almost all of the site, and of the Hisarköy formation (Kkh) and serpentines above 700-705 m altitudes. The upper levels of the slope rubbles and terrace materials are of loose – medium compact nature, and lower altitudes are compact – very compact nature. The bearing strength of the loose-medium compact nature ground is around 0.88 kg/cm2 and this value increase to qem = 3,4 kg/cm2. The bearing strength in the rock material ranges between 5 – 16 kg/cm2. In the power plant site; slope rubbles or terrace materials with sandy-stony nature, or terrace materials and basement rocks are problem-free grounds with respect to swelling and settlement. Such risks are not expected in such grounds. 147 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT VIII.1.4 Seismicity Seismicity With respect to seismicity; Kırıkkale provincial center is located on earthquake zone of Degree I while it decreases gradually towards north and falls to Degree IV. As can be seen in Figures 60 and 61below, Project Site remains in an earthquake zone of Degree II. Regarding with the project studies, the provisions set forth in Regulations on the Buildings to be Constructed in Disaster Zones shall be complied with. 148 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT N st 1 Degree 2 nd Degree rd 3 Degree th 4 Degree th 5 Degree GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF NATURAL DISASTERS EARTHQUAKE RESEARCH CENTER ANKARA-TURKEY Figure 63. Seismic Map of Turkey 149 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 City Center Province Border ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT st 1 Degree nd 2 Degree rd 3 Degree th 4 Degree Project Area th 5 Degree City Center County Seat Township Active Faults (MTA) Road Highway Railway River County Border Province Border EARTHQUAKE RESEARCH DEPARTMENT ANKARA Figure 64. Kırıkkale province seismic map 150 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT VIII.1.5 Natural Disaster Status, and precautions to be taken against block fall, landslide, and floods In the activity site covered by the project, no natural disasters such as landslide, swelling, effluence, avalanche have occurred up to now, and there are no decision taken on the site by the Council of Ministers as being a Region Subject to Natural Disaster. Since there is not any existing planning in the project site, there are not any geological studies to be used as the basis for the plan. As the land is inclined, it is inevitable to perform sloppy excavation. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to remove the loose parts located over the ground comprised of slope rubble and terrace materials, and to socket the buildings on the main rock using an appropriate foundation system in the lower levels. In the excavations to be made in grounds consisting of compact slope rubble + terrace material, it is planned to apply a slope ratio of 1/1. With the slope applications, rock fallings shall be prevented. In addition, draining ditches shall be opened over the slope, and possible flooding in the plant will be discharged. VIII.1.6 Where and how flood prevention and drainage works will be made No decisions as to flood site, archeological area and protection zone etc. have been taken by the relevant organizations concerning with the area where the natural gas cycle power plant is to be installed. The locations where the plant units and switchyard field are to be seated within the scope of the natural gas cycle power plant are above the flood elevation of Kızılırmak river. The flood and drainage channels, duct systems and ground structures which will be projected for the plant will be planned according to 100.8 mm that is precipitation value seen once in 100 years. The surrounding areas of the said ESER NGCP activity site will be encircled with a drainage structure in order to collect rain waters that will flood in without they enter into the project site. The rain waters that will be collected with the said drainage structure will be discharge into Kızılırmak River. Further, draining ditches shall be dug over the slopes made on the hills for drainage works in order to discharge floods that may occur in the plant. 151 Date / Rev: SEPTEMBER 2011 / 00 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT VIII.1.7 Water supply study and plan within the scope of the project, where the water will be supplied, amount of water to be obtained from the possible resources and amounts of these waters for usage purposes, their properties, where and how they will be supplied, amount and properties of the wastewater to be generated, how it will be treated and where it will be discharges, measures to be taken in this respect (preparation of a water management plan concerning drinking and service water, explanation on what to do in case of shortage of water supply). Construction phase within the scope of the project activity is foreseen as 30 months, and several professional disciplines such as construction, electrical and mechanical branches will work together during the construction phase. It is planned to employ approximately maximum 1,000 employees at the same time during the construction works. Different number of employees will work at different times, and on average, a total of 500 employees will work at the same time. Water need per capita was taken as 150 liters/day, and thus, maximum water need is calculated as 150 m3/day and on average, as 75 m3/day. The drinking water to meet the demand of the personnel will be provided from the drinking water network in the region and/or it will be purchased from the market. Assuming that all of the water used by the personnel will return as wastewater, a daily maximum 150 m3/day and on average 75 m3/day wastewater will be generated. In this respect, the facilities (WC, Shower etc) in the project site to be set up shall be used to meet the needs of the personnel. During construction period, wastewater treatment plant will be desingned to treat 150 m3/h wastewater originating from maximum 1.000 personnel which will work in the construction phase of wastewater treatment plant The wastewater of domestic nature to be generated will be treated in the Packet Domestic Water Treatment Facility to be set up inside the project site. The basic goal in the wastewater treatment will be to minimize any adverse effects that may occur on the public health and ecological balance where the wastewater is discharged. The said Packet Domestic Water Treatment Facility will be designed as a standard plant to contain all the basic processes used in the treatment of domestic wastewaters. Before the Packet Domestic Water Treatment Facility is commissioned, the approval of the said Facility will be obtained pursuant to Directive of 29.04.2005 with no. 2005/05. Water Pollution Control Regulations, which was published and enacted in the Official Gazette of 31.12.2004 with no. 25687, contains the following provisions: Article 26. a reads as follows: “For the wastewater sources that are located outside the urban areas and that discharges directly into the receiving medium, separate or common wastewater treatment facilities should be established in order to treat these wastewaters..”. Article 26.e reads as follows: “Real and judicial persons, depending on their activity type, are obliged to meet the discharge standards given in Table 5 to Table 21 in the annex of this Regulation for the wastewaters they discharge into the receiving medium”. In addition, Article 27 of the same Regulations reads as follows: “The standard values to be complied with when discharging domestic wastewaters into receiving aquatic mediums are given in Table 21.” 152 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Taking into account the said provisions, and since maximum 1,000 personnel will be employed in the temporary construction camp during the project site, the Standards for Discharging Domestic Wastewater into Receiving Medium given in Table 58 shall be complied with. Domestic wastewaters that will be generated during the construction phase of the Plant will be treated in a Package Wastewater Treatment Facility, appropriate discharge limits will be obtained and then they will be discharged into Kızılırmak River. Table 58. Water Pollution Control Regulation- Table 21.1: Sector: Domestic Wastewaters* (Class 1: Pollution Load as Raw BOD Being between 5-120 Kg/Day, Population = 84 - 2000) Parameter Unit Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Suspended Solids (SS) pH (mg/L) Composite Sample Composite Sample 2–hour 24-hour 50 45 (mg/L) (mg/L) - 180 70 6-9 120 45 6-9 The water needed during construction and used in Ready-mixed Concrete Plant will be provided from caisson wells. Ready-mixed Concrete Plant will contain covered silo, bands and bunkers. The Concrete Plant to be used during the construction stage within the scope of the project will also be set up inside the temporary construction camp. The Ready-Mixed Concrete Plant shall be used during the construction period, which will be shut down upon completion of the construction stage. Approximately 250 liters of water is required for the production of 1 m 3 concrete in the Concrete Plant. Approximately 180 liters of water will be used as an additive in the concrete and approximately 70 liters of water will be used in the cleaning of the concrete mixers. Accordingly, the required water amounts are given below: Concrete Production Amount (m3) 50,000 Necessary Additive 9,000 Water Washing 3,500 Amounts (m3) Total 12,500 Assuming that the all the washing waters of concrete mixers will return as the wastewater, then a total of 3,500 m3 washing water will be generated. The washing waters from Concrete Plant will be placed in a settling pond. Total washing water within the scope of the project is approximately 3.500 m3, and hourly production of wastewater is calculated to be 0.61 m3/h. The settling pond will have 3 compartments, whereby, the first section will be for balancing and preliminary precipitation, the second section will be for precipitation, and the 3rd section will be used for settling. Since 10-15 minutes will be sufficient for the precipitation procedure and related calculations are given below. Total Washing Water originating from Concrete Plant is 3.500 m3, during construction period Concrete Plant will work approximately all 12 months round. Accordingly: 153 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The Amount of Washing Water: 3.500 m3 12 month x month 30 days x day 16 h Settling Pond Calculation: 0,61 m3 1h x x 1h 60 dk = 0,61 m3/h (Washing water that will be originated in 1 hour) = 0,15 m3 15min As can be seen calculation above, in settling pond each 15 minutes 0,15 m3 washing water will be processed. According to this, 0,15 m3 capacity of one section will be sufficent. Just in case, each section of settling pond will have at least 4m3 capacity and totally 12 m3 capacity. Volume of the Pond’s Each Section = 4 m3 Total Volume of the Pond = 4 x 3 =12 m3 is taken. After the suspended solids are removed from the wastewaters in the settling ponds, the clarified water will be used in the washing procedures. The part of this water that is not used will be discharged into the creek following the physical treatment. Only physical treatment will be made in the settling pond, and no chemicals will be used for this purpose. The sludge obtained after the precipitation will be dried and will be used as a filling material in the land improvement works. Settling Pond schematicaly is given in Figure 65. The Washing Water originating from Concrete Plant Excess Water Discharge Water to use Re-washing Physical Treatment Balancing and precipitation Precipitation Settling Sludge Filling Figure 65. Settling Pond 154 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Relevant provisions of Water Pollution Control Regulations, which was published and enacted in the Official Gazette of 31.12.2004 with no. 25687, shall be complied with during the entire activity. Water will also be used to prevent dust formation during the activities executed during the construction stage, and it is foreseen to use approximately 10-15 m3 water/day. The majority of the water used for preventing dust formation in the working areas will be absorbed by the soil, and the remaining part will evaporate depending on the seasonal effects. Thus, no wastewater will be generated from this stage in the plant. VIII.1.8 How much water will be used for project units and for which processes; the quantities of water for drinking and service usage, for dust elimination; where and how it will be supplied; preliminary treatments to be applied to the water (including treatment units and the units where it is added as mixing – feeding water); water preparation main diagram; water vapor cycle, process flowchart, water internal procedures to be applied in the cycle; the chemicals to be used or the name of the internal procedure method, The duration of the construction phase within the scope of the project activity is foreseen approximately 30 months, and several professional disciplines such as construction, electrical and mechanical branches will work together during the construction phase. It is planned to employ approximately maximum 1,000 employees at the same time during the construction works. Different number of employees will work at different times, and on average, a total of 500 employees will work at the same time. Water need per capita was taken as 150 liters/day, and thus, maximum water need is calculated as 150 m3/day and on average, as 75 m3/day. The drinking water to meet the demand of the personnel will be provided from the drinking water network in the region and/or it will be purchased from the market. Water needed for construction works, and the water to be used in Ready-Mixed Concrete Plant will be obtained from the caisson well located around the project site. The Concrete Plant to be used during the construction stage within the scope of the project will also be set up inside the temporary construction camp. The Ready-Mixed Concrete Plant shall be used during the construction period, which will be shut down upon completion of the construction stage. Approximately 250 liters of water is required for the production of 1 m 3 concrete in the Concrete Plant. Approximately 180 liters of water will be used as an additive in the concrete and approximately 70 liters of water will be used in the cleaning of the concrete mixers. Assuming that the all the washing waters of concrete mixers will return as the wastewater, then a total of 3,500 m3 washing water will be generated. The washing waters from Concrete Plant will be placed in a settling pond. 155 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Water will also be used to prevent dust formation during the activities executed during the construction stage, and it is foreseen to use approximately 10-15 m3 water/day for this purpose. The majority of the water used for preventing dust formation in the working areas will be absorbed by the soil, and the remaining part will evaporate depending on the seasonal effects. It is assumed that no pre-treatment will be necessary for the waters to be used during the construction phase. The information as to how much water will be used for the project units during the operation phase, where and how it will be obtained, and the pre-treatment processes to be applied to the water is given under heading VIII.2.3. During the construction stage, Environment Permission Certificate will be obtained for the discharge of the treated water into receiving medium, in accordance with the provisions of the Regulations on the Licenses and Permissions to be Obtained Under Environment Law, which was published and enacted in Official Gazette of 29.04.2009 with no. 27214. VIII.1.9 Materials to be used in cooling water and discharge structures within the project scope, precautions to be taken during the construction of the structures related with cooling water. The water to be needed during the project operation phase will be obtained by opening Caisson wells. Opening a total of 7-10 caisson wells is planned within the project scope. A reverse-flow fan draft cooling tower is planned within the scope of the project. The air is drafted vertically from the bottom part of the tower, it goes against the water flow, and is then discharged into the atmosphere at a high speed. The condensate cooler is designed to contain 18 cells, 1 being reserve. The materials used in cooling towers are generally selected in a manner to meet the expected water qualities. The materials used in cooling towers today and their general properties are given below: Metallic Material: Galvanize-coated steel material is used in small and medium sized towers. For large welding locations, hot-dipping procedure is used after the manufacturing. For the body section, hod-dipping galvanize, cadmium and zinc coating is applied. Brass and bronze are used for special body, pipe and connection parts. Metal sheet of stainless steel (basically 302, 304 and 316) is used in drive shafts and in very corrosive towers or to prolong the service life of the tower. Cold water ponds made of stainless steel are more preferred. Polyurethane and PVC coated metals are also used for special elements. 156 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Plastic Material: Fiberglass reinforced plastics (known as FRP) are widely used in pipe installations, fan cylinders, body, shutters and structural connection elements. Polypropylene and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) are used in the manufacturing of injecsion-cast elements such as filled bars and flow orifices. Polyethylene is used in hot and cold water ponds. In larger systems, reinforced plastic mortar, neoprene –seal connections are used. Graphite Compounds: Drive shafts containing graphite compounds are available to use in cooling tower installations. These shafts provide a powerful alternative with corrosion resistance for the stainless steel or steel shafts, and they are cheaper, they have less tolerance to axial eccentricity, and transmit less vibration. Concrete, Mortar and Brick: Concrete is a material typically used for the cold water pools of the cooling towers that are manufactured at the site, and pipe supports are applied in the structural systems of the large towers; it is applied in power plants and industrial applications. In locations where aesthetical aspects are important, special bricks and mortar material are applied. It is foreseen that the cooling tower included within the project scope are designed to be installed on the concrete floor, made of concrete or fiber-supported plastic or wood. It is planned that filling works will be made with polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Cooling towers are designed in counter-flow system, in which counter-flow water drips from top to bottom in the cooling tower while the air moves upwards. After the heated water is taken inside the tower, the entire tower sprays uniformly over the cooling tower area by means of the sprinklers from top to the bottom. In addition, the information as to how much water will be used for which processes in project units during the operation phase of the plant, where and how it will be supplied, and the preliminary to be applied to the water is given in detail under the heading VIII.2.3. VIII.1.10 Required for the Natural Gas Pipeline Approximately 1.109 m3 of natural gas will be used annually within the scope of the project for power generation, including fuel losses. The fuel to be used will be obtained from BOTAŞ Natural Gas Pipeline. A preliminary route study was carried out on 18.05.2011 in the field upon the participation of BOTAŞ Ankara Division Directorate, Department Head of Field Construction and Expropriation, and Farcan Energy Staff in order to supply natural gas to the RMS-A station to be installed for ESER NGCCPP. The minutes for this study is given in the Annex (See Annex-8). 157 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT As mentioned in the Minutes, the 48” Samsun-Ankara Natural Gas Pipeline passes just nearby the project site, and Hot-Tap application will be made approximately at 365+272 Km at an appropriate point of the Pipeline, which will terminate at the RMS-A stations to be set up in one of the 2 alternative points (as a result of the revised field route study to be carried out upon determination of the exact location of RMS-A). Since the entire length of the pipeline remains within the project site, there will be no expropriation for the lands. In case the valve location remains outside the point where HotTap application is to be set up, then expropriation will be needed for the ownership of this land. After the completion of EIA procedure, expropriation files will be prepared and approved to the Cadastral Office, the land section where the pipeline passes through, the easement right will be assigned to BOTAŞ free of charge in the Title Deed Office. During the construction of the pipeline, the Regulations of BOTAŞ on “Safety and Environment Concerning Construction and Operation of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Pipeline Installations will be complied with. Moreover, for the safety of Samsun-Ankara natural gas pipeline and environment minimum 50 m from the axis of pipeline will be preserved, the area in question will not be used in no circumstances (construction site, storage, parking). The Satellite View and Pictures showing the pipeline route and project site are given below respectively in Figure 66 and Figure 67. Figure 66. Satellite View showing the Natural Gas Pipeline Route and Project Site 158 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Figure 67. Picture Showing Project Site and Natural Gas Pipeline Route The Natural Gas Regulation and Measurement Station to be set up inside the project site (RMS-A) will be established in a location different from the Power Plant Building. VIII.1.11 Types and quantities of the solid wastes to be generated as a result of the works to be executed until the commissioning the units from the land preparation (undertaking that it will not disposed to the creek beds), where these wastes are to be disposed of or for what purpose they will be used. The wastes originating during construction period of the Project are domestic solid wastes (glass, paper, plastic etc.), solid organic domestic wastes originating from personel food service and solid wastes originating from excavation and construction operations. The type, amount, measures and discharging methods of solid wastes originating during the construction period of the Project are given as pivottable, in Table 59. 159 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 59. Construction Period Solid Waste Pivottable Waste Source Amount Measures to be taken Discharcing Methods 1.150 kg/day The wastes will be accumulated separatly from other wastes in closed impermable containers, the related provisions of Solid Waste Control Regulation will be applied, it will be provided that material which could be recovered and/or recycled will be reused by accumulating separately, after making sludge analysis, according to the results proper disposal will be done. The wastes will be collected by municipality periodically. Variable* The wastes will be accumulated in impermable containers, to dispose wastes to environment under uncontrolled conditions will be prevented, yhe related provisions of waste vegetable oils control regulation will be applied. The wastes will be given to Licenced Firms Variable* The wastes will be accumulated separatetly from other wastes in closed impermable containers, the related provisions of Solid Waste Control Regulation will be applied, it will be provided that material which could be recovered and/or recycled will be reused by accumulating separately, the sludge originated from settling pond of Concrete Plant will be used in reclemation and filling of land. Waste Oils Variable* It will be provided to analyze waste oils and motor oils originating from any type of machine and equipments which will be used in construction activities by Authorized Laboratories. Wastes will be submitted to Recovery and/or Disposal plants to discharge them according to the results of the analysis. The related provisions of Waste Oil Control Regulation will be applied. The wastes will be given to Licenced Firms End of life tire Variable* It will be provided to send the tires originating from trucks which will be used in construction works to authorized disposal plants, End of Life Tire Control Regulation will be applied. The wastes will be given to authorized disposal plnats. Variable* It will be provided to accumulate any types of waste bateries seperately according to the provisions of the regulation, the provisions of Waste Battery And Accumulator Control Regulation will be applied. The wastes will be given to Licenced Firms Variable* It will be provided to accumulate seperately from other wastes, it will be prevented to mix wastes, to discharge eto environment under uncontrolled conditions, the provision of Packaging and Waste Packaging Control Regulation will be applied. The wastes will be given to Licenced Firms The wastes will be accumulated seperately in special containers, the provisions of Medical Waste Control Regulation will be applied. Medical Waste Disposal Agreementtwill be signed with related municipality and disposed. Waste Type Personnel Domestic Vegetable Waste Oil Construction Construction and Excavation Wastes Waste Battery and Accumulator Packaging Wastes Medical Wastes Variable** *Amounts will change during construction period 160 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 The wastes will be re-used and collected by municipality periodically org iven to Licenced Recycle Firms. ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The period for the installation of the units during the construction phase within the scope of the project activity is foreseen as 30 months, and several professional disciplines such as construction, electrical and mechanical branches will work together during the construction phase. During this period, the Concrete Plant will also be operated. It is planned to employ approximately maximum 1,000 staff at the same time during the construction works. Different number of employees will work at different times, and on average, a total of 500 employees will work at the same time. A temporary construction camp will be set up inside the project area for use in construction activities, which will contain dining hall, kitchen, locker room, shower, WC, lavatory, warehouse, administrative and technical offices for all the technical and social infrastructure needs for the personnel who will be employed within the scope of the project. The solid wastes to be generated during the project construction phase include domestic solid wastes (glass, paper, plastic etc.) , organic domestic solid wastes originating from lunch service of the personnel, and the solid wastes that will be generated during the excavation and construction works during the construction phase. The Regulations on General Principles of Waste Management, which was published and enacted in the Official Gazette of 05.07.2008 with no. 26927 contains the following provisions in this respect: - Article 5.b “In situations where waste generation is unavoidable, it is principal that the waste should be recovered or be used as an energy source by such procedures as recycling, re-use, and by other procedures aiming to recover secondary raw materials.” - Article 5.c. “During separation, collection, transport, recovery and disposal of the solid wastes It is principal that the methods and processes that will cause no noise, vibration or odor disturbances for water, air, soils, plants and animals, that will prevent adverse impacts on the natural environment, and that will not harm environment and human health.” And, - Article 5.e. “Wastes can be recovered or disposed in the place where they are generated provided that the requirements set forth in paragraph (c) of the first item. If this is not possible, the waste owner in order to get the waste recovered or disposed of, is obliged to send the waste by a waste carrier to a plant which performs the processes defined in Annex-II A or in Annex-II B under a license issued by the Ministry for this purpose. Concerning the record keeping for wastes, Article 11 of the same Regulations reads as follows: “Plants and operations generating wastes, as well as the persons, organizations and enterprises defined in Annex-II A and in Annex-II B which perform waste disposal and recovery processes are obliged to keep regular records on the waste type, waste code number defined in ANNEX-IV, waste quantity, the source of the waste, the plant sending the waste, manner of transportation, and on the processes which the waste is subjected to as per the methods specified in Annex-II A and in Annex-II B; and to maintain and keep these records for a period of minimum 5 years, to submit them to the Ministry at intervals to be defined by the Ministry, and to open these records for inspection and audit by the Ministry. The domestic solid waste quantity generated by the personnel is calculated using 1.15 kg daily solid waste per capita (TUIK, 2008) as maximum 1,150 kg/day and on average 575 kg/day. 161 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Taking into account the provisions of the Regulations on the General Principles of Waste Management mentioned above, primarily, those solid wastes that are generated as a result of construction activities and that can be recycled and/or re-used will be recycled or reused at the locations where they are generated. The lumber for molding so generated will be collected at certain time intervals. Collected lumber wastes will be distributed to the surrounding villagers if there is a demand for them. If this is not possible, then the solid wastes generated as a result of construction activities in the plant will be collected separately and will be send to the licensed organization for recycling and/or disposal. Pursuant to the provisions of the Regulations on the General Principles of Waste Management, records shall be kept for the wastes for the waste type, waste code number, waste quantity, the source of the waste, the plant sending the waste, manner of transportation, and on the processes which the waste is subjected to as per the methods specified in Annex-II A and in Annex-II B. These records will be maintained for a period of minimum 5 years, submitted to the Ministry at intervals to be defined by the Ministry, and be opened for the inspection and audit by the Ministry. The wastes that can not be recycled (dishes and organic wastes etc.) will be collected in rubbish containers to be provided inside the temporary construction camp. Pursuant to Article 8 of Solid Waste Control Regulations, which was published and enacted in Official Gazette of 14.03.1991 with no. 20814, these wastes shall be collected and stored separately in order to prevent environmental pollution and to contribute the economy, and as per Article 18, Section 4 of the same Regulations on “Collection and Transport of Solid Wastes”, such wastes will be discharged into areas where the environment can not be affected adversely. These wastes will be kept in standard closed type rubbish containers and necessary precautions will be taken. Domestic solid wastes that are generated during construction works under the project will be collected in sealed containers, transported to solid waste dumping sites of the nearest Municipality at certain periods, and/or their disposal will be ensured through collection by the said Municipality. In order to recycle and recover packing wastes, which are included among the domestic and construction solid wastes, in accordance with the provisions of the Regulations on the Control of Packing Wastes, which was published and enacted in Official Gazette of 24.08.2011 with no. 28035, these wastes shall be separately collected in their source, stored and send to the municipalities responsible for their collection and/or forwarded to the licensed collection separation facilities. In order to meet nutrition needs of the employees within the scope of the project, primarily ready food supplied from the market will be preferred, while only serving the lunch in the dining hall in the site. In case supply of the food from the market cannot be ensured due to the fact that it is not suitable economically and/or due to similar reasons, then, the meals will be prepared in the refectory to be set up in the site. 162 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Regulations on Control of Vegetable Waste Oils, which was published and enacted in Official Gazette of 19.04.2005 with no. 25791 stipulates in Article 5.k as follows; “Restaurants, food factories, hotels, motels, refectories, touristic facilities and resort villages and similar facilities that generate used fried oil are obliged to make annual contracts with recycling plants or collectors with an environmental license for the collection of these oils.” Article 10 of the same Regulations contains the following provision: “Waste oil generating organizations are obliged to collect waste oils separate from other items and rubbish materials; to use collection means such as barrels, containers and tanks which have corrosion resistant internal and external surfaces, in order to store waste oils generated as a result of their activities; to send waste oils to licensed recycling or disposal facilities through carriers with an environment license; to use national waste transport form during the shipment of waste oils and send one copy thereof to the relevant Governor’s office; to keep such documents in their plant for a period of five years; to report any disputes that may arise with recycling or disposal facilities to the relevant provincial environment and forestry directorate, and to keep the disputed oils in their stores until the dispute is settled.” Within the scope of the project, ready food supplied from the market will primarily be preferred in order to meet nutrition needs of the employees while only serving the lunch in the dining hall in the site. In such a case, attention will be paid to select a ready-food supply company that has made annual contract with licenced waste oil collection or recycling companies. In such a case that supply of ready food from the market is not economically applicable and/or such different factors the nourishment shall be prepared in dining hall inside the construction camp. According to the provisions of Waste Vegetable Oil Control Regulation published in Official Gazette of 19 April 2005 with No: 25791 waste oils which will be originated, will be accumulated seperately from other materials and wastes, impermable, collection vessels like drums, container and tanks whose inner and outer surface are corrosion resistant will be used to accumulate waste oils originating from construction activities, waste oils will be sent to licenced recovery and/or disposal plants with licenced transportation firms, national waste transportation form will be used for waste oil shipping and after each transportation the copies of the form will be sent to governorate, the documents will be preserved in the plant for 5 years, incompatibilities with recovery and/or disposal plants will be reported to related provincial directorate of environment and forestry, when the incompatibilities are overcome, waste oils which is subject to incompatibilities, will be protected in the storage of construction site. The vegetable soil to be generated during the land preparation works will be scraped and removed for use later in land improvement works. These soil will be grassed to ensure it does not lose its properties. . It is expected that 30 cm scrapping process will be done in the areas having vegetable soils in construction area. It is planned that project area will be 227.000 m2, approximately (227.000x0,3) 68.100 m3 vegetable soil will be scrapped. Landscape works shall be started in the plant site upon completion of the construction works. The soils obtained from the excavation works will be primarily used in road and land improvement works and filling works. The excess excavation soil originating from the, land 163 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT improvement and excavation works during the construction phase will be discharged according to the provisions of “Regulations on Control of Excavation Soil, Construction and Demolition Work Wastes” and also the provisions of the “Regulations on Soil Pollution Control and on the Point Source Polluted Soils”, which was published shall be complied with during handling of excess soil obtained within the scope of the project. As stipulated in Article 5.d of “Regulations on Control of Excavation Soil, Construction and Demolition Work Wastes”, which was published and enacted in the Official Gazette of 18.03.2004 with no. 25406, the excavation soil will not be mixed with construction / demolition wastes. The solid wastes accumulated during construction phase shall not be dumped in any creek beds, surface water resources located around the project site and its surroundings. VIII.1.12 Types of the fuels to be used in all works from the land preparation until the commissioning of the units; consumption amounts, emissions to be generated (how it will spread under meteorological conditions, ground level concentration amounts occurring as a result of spread). Emissions will occur from work machines to be operated project sites during land preparation and construction stage. The list of envisaged machines to be operated in the site is given in Table 60. Table 60. Equipments to be used during Construction Stage Work Machines Quantity 1 1 3 3 2 2 2 1 8 2 1 2 2 5 2 4 D8 Dozer D4 Dozer Crane Vibrator Cylinder Moto-pump Loader Grader Truck Water Tender Vibratory Pad Foot Roller Compressor Minibus Passenger Car Generator Excavator 164 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT List of Concrete Plant Equipment Work Machine Quantity Concrete Plant 1 Transmixer 8 Concrete Pump 2 Loader 2 Truck 2 Generator 1 Water Tender 1 Mass emission flow is calculated using the Emission Factors (kg/ton-fuel) of DieselVehicles given in Table 61 below for the emission from the work machines and equipment. Table 61. Emission Factors of Diesel Vehicles (kg/ton-fuel) Pollutant Diesel Carbon monoxides 9,7 Hydrocarbons 29 Nitrogen Oxides 36 Sulfur Oxides 6,5 Dust 18 Resource: Principles of Air Pollution and Control, Aysen Müezzinoğlu, 2000 Table 62. Mass Flow Values of the Pollutants (kg/h) Work Machines Emission Generation Mass Flow Value (kg/h) Carbon monoxides Hydrocarbons Nitrogen Sulfur Oxides Oxides D8 Dozer 0.34 1.00 1.25 0.23 D4 Dozer 0.13 0.38 0.47 0.08 Crane 0.13 0.38 0.47 0.08 Vibrator 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.00 Cylinder 0.05 0.14 0.17 0.03 Moto-pump 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.01 Loader 0.17 0.50 0.62 0.11 Grader 0.17 0.50 0.62 0.11 Truck 0.13 0.38 0.47 0.08 Water Tender 0.13 0.38 0.47 0.08 Vibratory Pad Foot Roller 0.08 0.25 0.31 0.06 Compressor 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.00 Minibus 0.07 0.20 0.25 0.05 Passenger Car 0.05 0.15 0.19 0.03 Generator 0.02 0.05 0.06 0.01 Excavator 0.17 0.50 0.62 0.11 Emission Generation Mass Flow Value (kg/h) Work Machines Carbon monoxides Hydrocarbons Nitrogen Sulfur Oxides Oxides Transmixer 0.13 0.38 0.47 0.08 Concrete Pump 0.36 1.08 1.34 0.24 Loader 0.17 0.50 0.62 0.11 Truck 0.13 0.38 0.47 0.08 Generator 0.02 0.05 0.06 0.01 Water Tender 0.13 0.38 0.47 0.08 Dust 0.62 0.23 0.23 0.01 0.09 0.02 0.31 0.31 0.23 0.23 0.16 0.01 0.12 0.09 0.03 0.31 Dust 0.23 0.67 0.31 0.23 0.03 0.23 Above, the emission calculation for each equipment to be used in the construction phase is made and given. Following the completion of the construction works, emission generation from the work machines will terminate. It is not expected that all the equipments work together at the same time. 165 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT VIII.1.13 Sources and level of vibration and noise generated due the works to be executed from the land preparation until commissioning of the units; their cumulative values; preparation of the acoustic report on the basis of the Acoustic Format available at the address of www.cevreorman.gov.tr pursuant to “Regulations on Assessment and Management of the Environmental Noise”. Article 8.c.2 of the “Regulations on Assessment and Management of the Environmental Noise” (RAMEN), which was published and enacted in Official Gazette of 04.06.2010 with no. 27601, stipulates the following provision: “The operations and facilities that are planned to be established and that are contained in Annex-1 and Annex-2 of the “Regulations on the Permissions and Licenses to be Obtained under Environmental Law”, and the transport sources that are contained in Articles 18, 19, 20 and 21 are obliged to take necessary measures in accordance with the principles of these Regulations, in order to prepare the part relevant with noise of the environmental impact assessment report or of the project identification file. Within the scope of ESER NGCCP project and pursuant to the relevant articles of the relevant regulations, an Acoustic Report was prepared taking into account the project site and surrounding settlement areas by Çınar Environmental Measurement and Analysis Laboratory, which is accredited by Turkish Accreditation Institute (TURKAK) and which holds the Environmental Measurement and Analysis Qualification Certificate issued by Environmental and Urban Affairs Ministry. The said Acoustic Report contains background noise level measurements at the points marked in Figure 68 below (See Annex-17). As can be seen in the Acoustic Report included in the annex, the background noise levels were determined as provided in Table 63. 166 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Figure 68. Measurement Points of Background Noise Level Table 63. Measurements of Background Noise Level (dBA) Measurement Point 1 2 3 4 Location as Project Site per North of Project Site South of Project Site 1650m Northeast of Project Site (Housing Estate Project Site) 2150m Northeast of Project Site (Hacıbalı Village) LDaytime LEvening LNight Max. 72.3 84.7 88.4 Min. 45.3 47.5 31.7 Leq. 51.9 58.6 63.9 Max. 82.8 77.5 81.0 Min. 24.4 23.6 16.5 Leq. 59.0 50.3 48.3 Max. 74.8 37.7 80.5 Min. 31.8 31.9 32.3 Leq. 40.6 34.8 46.3 70.1 28.8 43.9 43.9 32.1 41.9 83.3 32.3 50.0 Explanation: Ldaytime: This is the energy average of A weighted noise level as defined in TS 9315 (ISO 1996-1) and it was determined according to the whole of daytime period or for a certain period within daytime frame. Levening: This is the energy average of A weighted noise levels as defined in TS 9315 (ISO 1996-1) and it was determined according to the whole evening period or for a certain period within evening frame. Lnight: This is the energy average of A weighted noise levels as defined in TS 9315 (ISO 1996-1) and it was determined according to a certain process within night time frame. Leq TS 9315 (ISO 1996-1): Constant level of noise, which is equivalent in terms of energy of the noise whose levels show an variation within a certain period. Time frames in indicators; Daytime: 12 hours from 07:00 till 19:00, Evening: 4 hours from 19:00 till 23:00, Night: 8 hours from 23:00 till 07:00. It is expected that noise will occur from work machines (caterpillars) in construction stage of the project, from the beginning of field preparation until the completion of construction activity. 167 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Appropriate protective tools and equipments such as helmets, earflaps or earmuffs shall be provided in order to protect the health of the employees working in noisy environments and to maintain the continuity of activity. RAMEN Article 23.a stipulates that “Noise level emitted by activity types in temporary construction camp can not exceed the limit values given in Table 5 in Annex-VII”. Accordingly, Environmental Noise Limit Values given in Table 64 below shall be met during the activities to be performed in construction stage. Table 64. Environmental Noise Limit Values for Temporary construction camp (RAMEN, Annex-VII, Table 5) Activity Type (construction, demolition and restoration) Buildings Roads Other sources Ldaytime (dBA) 70 75 70 Noise level resulting from the activities which will be executed during the construction stage was calculated in the Acoustic Report in the Annex of EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) Report. The noise levels to be generated as a result of the activities carried out during the construction phase are calculated in the Acoustic Report included in the annex of EIA Report. As can be seen in Figure 69, the environmental noise level at a distance 100 m away from the activity area decreases below 60 dBA, and thus, the limit level of 70 dBA is provided. The closest settlement place to the activity area is Hacıbalı Village located approximately 2,000 m., and the expected noise level at the said settlement place will decrease below the limit value. Hacıbalı Village 168 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Figure 69. Noise Map (Land Preparation and Construction Phase) In order to protect the health of the employees working in noisy environments and to maintain the continuity of activity, appropriate protective tools and equipments such as helmets, earflaps or earmuffs shall be provided to the employees. The provisions set forth in the Labor Law No. 4857, and in the bylaws and regulations enacted under the same law will be complied with within the scope of the project. During the activities to be executed within the scope of the project, the relevant provisions of the “Regulations on Assessment and Management of the Environmental Noise” (RAMEN), which was published and enacted in Official Gazette of 04.06.2010 with no. 27601, will be complied with. 169 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT VIII.1.14 Size of the agricultural lands that will be disposed for the land preparation and construction camp, land usage capabilities of these lands, and their crop types The intended ESER Natural Gas Cycle Power Plant with an installed power of 835 MWe will be installed and operated on the land parcel no.6, island no. 103, with a surface area of approximately 227.000 m2, situated inside Kılıçlar Muncipality, Yahşihan Town, Kırıkkale Province. A temporary construction camp will be set up inside the project area for use in construction activities, and dining hall, kitchen, locker room, shower, WC, lavatory, warehouse, administrative and technical offices for all the technical and social infrastructure needs for the personnel who will be employed within the scope of the project. The ready-mixed concrete plant to be used during the construction phase will also be installed inside the construction camp. The ready-mixed concrete plant will be shut down upon completion of the construction phase. During the land survey works carried out in the project area, the natural flora of the region was observed to be the steppe, consisting generally of pastures and grasslands without any agricultural lands and forestry areas. Since there are not any agricultural lands inside the project area, there are not any such agricultural lands to be disposed of. VIII.1.15 Types and numbers of the trees to be cut down tress during land preparation and for the construction camp; the precautions to be taken against forest fires. According to the EIA Examination and Assessment Form obtained from Kırıkkale Forestry Operation Directorate, the Project Site remains in a Forestry area, and the EIA Examination and Assessment Form, and Stand Volume Map are presented in the annex (See ANNEX-3). As indicated therein, the said project site remains inside the forestry area, and then, necessary permissions will be obtained from Forestry Operation Directorate before commencing the activities in the project area. However, the land survey works carried out did not indicate any forest presence in the project area. Natural flora was observed to be the steppe. Therefore, there are no trees to be cut down during the construction activities. 170 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT VIII.1.16 Possible effects of the terrestrial and aquatic flora/fauna, and measures to be taken (including cooling water supply lines). During the land survey works carried out in the project area, the natural flora of the region was observed to be the steppes, consisting generally of pastures and grasslands without any agricultural lands and forestry areas. Due to the destruction as a result of the material extraction work made in the area, which is of pasture and grassland nature, there is not any regular vegetable cover, and consequently there are no intense fauna types. Kızılırmak River, flowing through to 100 m east of the project area, constitutes the habitat for the amphibian and reptile species in the region. However, it is observed that the previous land usage activities in the region have resulted in the loss of natural features of the area to the large extent. This situation has restricted the reptile and especially amphibian species, which are the creatures living in the region, to settle inner parts of the area. The flora and fauna species observed to exist according to the observations made in and close surroundings of the project site were evaluated as per Bern Covenant. The list of the detected species are given in the lists in Annex-II and Annex-III, pursuant to Bern Covenant. Under Flora and Fauna section (Under VII.2.12 heading), what is to be done with respect to these articles and the relevant articles are given. Of the flora types existing in the area, only one is endemic. This plant species is Verbascum tossiense, which is under extinction category of LR (lc) according to Turkish Plants Red Data Book. The LR category is used for the species under the least danger of extinction, and “lc” abbreviation means the least concerning. This species is not observed in the project site, and if it is encountered during the construction activity, it will be transferred to another location without harming its reproduction organs. There are not any intense forestry areas in the project site, and also, there are not any species unique to the forestry and forest habitats. Only a few tree types are encountered, and generally herbaceous and bush plants exist. Therefore, there will not be any intensive habitat destruction in the area where the project is to be realized. In order to ensure that the aquatic and terrestrial flora and fauna species are least affected from the construction activities to be carried out during the plant installation phase, the timing of the land arrangements and construction works will be paid attention to. With regard to the individuals that will lose their habitats, migratory birds and those species with the approaching reproduction seasons, measures shall be taken in order to reduce the effects of the construction works to the minimum. In case the construction phase coincide with the reproduction season, measures shall be taken to keep such species away from the area, or various measures shall be taken by physical obstacles or visible scarecrows. Hunting Season decisions for 2011-2012 taken by Central Hunting Committee of Nature Protection and National Parks General Directorate of Forestry and Water Affairs Ministry shall be respected, and illegal hunting will be prevented. 171 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Flora and fauna species are generally those species that do not depend on the areas inside the project site, and that exist in other areas in the surrounding areas or that have their habitats. It is not considered that this species will be affected directly and adversely from the activity to be carried out. Since the detected fauna species are mobile forms, they may go away from the area due to the noise to be generated, and may move to the existing alternative habitats in the close surroundings. Necessary measures shall be taken in order to minimize the adverse effects that may be caused by the activity. - Access to the project site will be made over the existing roads as much as possible. The roads to be amended during the construction works will be narrow and short as much as possible. Entry into the natural areas remaining outside the project site will be forbidden or kept to a minimum as much as possible. Environmental measures shall be taken during the construction period, and the relevant legislations shall be complied with. Workers employed during construction and operation phases will be trained, and their illegal hunting will be prevented. To the extent possible, movements will be restricted inside the project site and project access roads, and the exits outside the defined routes will be prevented. Excavation wastes will not be stored near the creek sides. For the species included in the protection lists for Hunting Season of 2011-2012, prepared by Central Hunting Committee of Nature Protection and National Parks General Directorate of Forestry and Water Affairs Ministry, the protection measures indicated in the committee decisions, shall be respected. In addition, the provisions of BERN covenant and CITES Agreement will be complied with. VIII.1.17 Determination of the intensity and spread effects on the underground and over-ground culture and natural assets in and close surroundings of the project (effects on the traditional urban tissue, archeological remnants, and on the natural values to be protected). A project effect area of 11 km x 11 km size was selected around the activity area, taking into account the project site and surrounding topography as well as the locations of the nearest settlement locations, and there are not any natural existence in this location. Other culture assets present in Yahşihan Town, their locations and their approximate distances to the project site are provided in Table 65 below. Table 65. Culture Assets Existing in Yahşihan Town Culture Asset Location Direction and Distance to the Project Site Gar Building (Monument Structure) Kılıçlar Town Soutwest - 6 km. Primary School Building Kılıçlar Town Soutwest - 6 km. (Monument Structure) Gar Building, Lodgings and Warehouse Building Irmak Town Northwest - 4 km. (Monument Structure) Mahmutlar Village (Arkeolojik Site) Mahmutlar Village 172 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 Northeast - 6 km. ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT There are not any culture and natural assets inside the project site, and in case any such assets are encountered, Provincial Culture and Tourism Directorate will be informed. Since there are not any culture and natural assets inside the project site and in close surroundings, and as can be seen in the air quality modeling works given under VIII.2.6 heading, the emissions that will be generated during the project operation phase remain below the limit values given in the relevant regulations; therefore, it not foreseen that any adverse effects will occur in the region due to the ESER NGCP. VIII.1.18 How the personnel to be employed in the works to be executed from the land preparation until the commissioning of the units, and how and from where the housing and other technical / social infrastructure needs will be provided. Construction phase within the scope of the project activity is foreseen as 30 months, and several professional disciplines such as construction, electrical and mechanical branches will work together during the construction phase. It is planned to employ approximately maximum 1,000 employees at the same time during the construction works. Different number of employees will work at different times, and on average, a total of 500 employees will work at the same time. A temporary construction camp will be set up inside the project area for use in construction activities, which will contain dining hall, kitchen, locker room, shower, WC, lavatory, warehouse, administrative and technical offices for all the technical and social infrastructure needs for the personnel who will be employed within the scope of the project. Housing needs of the personnel to be employed within the scope of the project will be primarily selected from the project site and its surrounding settlement areas. In case the personnel coming from their houses prefer to stay in their homes, they will be transported with the service cars if appropriate with respect to construction activities and/or if they so demand. The ready-mixed concrete plant to be used within the scope of the project will be installed inside the project site, and it will be shut down upon completion of the construction phase. 173 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT VIII.1.19 Activities of the works to be carried out from the land preparation until the commissioning of the units, those that are risky and dangerous for human health and environment. During the land preparation and construction phase within the scope of the project, those activities that include risks and dangers for human health and environment are work accidents, dust and noise emissions. During construction phase, there are general risks associated with the use of work machines, equipments and other machines due to the carelessness and lack of training of the personnel. The risks and dangers that may occur for human health and environment from the construction phase until the commissioning of the units are those events that may possibly occur almost in all construction work, such as injuries, in-site traffic accidents, material splits, personnel falls, work machine accidents etc. Since the reasons for the occurrence of the said accidents are likely associated with the faults of the personnel, the personnel to be employed during the construction phase will be provided with the training in accordance with the relevant by laws and regulations. In addition, warning signs shall be posted in the work areas. Works at elevated heights, electrical and welding works etc. that present hazards will be carried out by personnel qualified and skilled at their work. Workers will be instructed as to the use of helmets, and to employ safety harness and dress while working at heights, and the regular continuity of this practice will be followed with care. Short breaks will be granted to the working staff in order to reduce accident risks due to the loss of concentration during the work, thereby reducing work accident risks. In all phases of the project, the provisions of Labor Law No. 4857, and those of the regulations and bylaws that are enacted under this law will be respected, and all necessary measures to reduce accidents and risks will be taken. The provisions of Labor Law No. 4857, and those of the regulations and bylaws that are enacted under this law will be respected in the activity area. Noise levels generated by the work machines in the activity area under the said project meet the environmental noise limit levels defined for the construction camp in Table 5, Annex-7, of the Regulations on the Assessment and Management of the Environmental Noise, pursuant to Article 23 of the same Regulations. The provisions of the Regulations on the Assessment and Management of the Environmental Noise, which was published and enacted in Official Gazette of 04.06.2010 with no. 27601 will be complied with during the activities to be executed within the scope of the project. In order to protect the health of the employees working in noisy environments and to maintain the continuity of activity, appropriate protective tools and equipments such as helmets, earflaps or earmuffs shall be provided to the employees. The provisions set forth in the Labor Law No. 4857, and in the bylaws and regulations enacted under the same law will be complied with within the scope of the project. 174 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The working areas and upper surfaces of the excavation soils will be regularly humidified in order to prevent dust formation, and the dust emission that will be generated will be kept in the minimum level. The issues set forth in IAPCR Annex-1 and Annex-2 will be observed during the activities to be carried out in the project site. Dust generation will be reduced by paying strict attention to the working conditions. Project site and roads will be sprinkled regularly, and material unloading and improvement works will be conducted without causing any material spread around. During all works, the provisions of “Regulations on Air Quality Assessment and Management”, which was published and enacted in the Official Gazette 06.06.2008 with no. 26898, and the provisions of IAPCR shall be complied with. VIII.1.20 Assessment of the traffic load of all in-site and out-side transports to be made within the scope of the project on and its effects. Within the scope of the said project, ESER Natural Gas Cycle Power Plant with an installed power of 835 MWe will be installed and operated by Farcan Energy Generation Inc. Co., on the land parcel no.6, island no. 103, with a surface area of approximately 227,000 m2, situated inside Kılıçlar Muncipality, Yahşihan Town, Kırıkkale Province. The activity site remains approximately 25 km to the northwest of Kırıkkale City, and approximately 80 km to the east of Ankara. Access to the project site is possible via the stabilized road located after the junction situated near Irmak Municipality over Ankara-Kırıkkale Highway. In the back direction from Kırıkkale, the said stabilized road can be reached from nearby Hacıbalı Village. Below is the project site and its location compared to the main highways, in Figure 70. 175 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Figure 70. Project Site, and Its Location According to Main Intercity Highways 176 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Highways will be used during the transport of the machines and equipments that will be operated during the construction phase to the activity site. Unless a maintenance and repair work that can not be performed in the project site is needed during the construction phase, the machines and equipments will also operate in the project activity site. During the transport of the excavation material to the dumping site to be shown by Kılıçlar Municipality, the roads in and around the project site will be used, and should any damage occurs in the roads during such construction works, this damage will be remedied, and Traffic Regulations will be respected during all works. Apart from this, road improvement, road enlargement, maintenance and repair activities will be carried out in and around the project site, if this becomes necessary. By the said project, increase in the traffic volume will occur in the number of trucks only during the transport of the excavation soil by trucks, and such increase will disappear after the completion of transport of the excavation soil. VIII.1.21 Land arrangement works to be carried out for creating landscape items in the project site and for other purposes. Upon completion of the plant construction, necessary land arrangement, reclamation and landscaping works will be carried out around the activity units. Plant types that will be used for the landscaping activities inside the project site will be selected among the plant species compatible with regional properties, and the details of landscaping works will be finalized after the completion of EIA Process. VIII.1.22 Other Activities There are not any other issues to report construction phase of the project other than those provided under Section VIII.1 above, VIII.2. Activities of the Project during the Operation, Effects on Physical and Biological Environment and the Precautions Required VIII.2.1 Characteristics of the units in context of the project, allocation of the activities over the units, their capacities, detailed process flow diagrams of each unit, basic process parameters, explanation of the process, services to be provided for each activity units, characteristics and amount of the machinery, vehicles, tools and equipments to be used In context of the project, it is planned to install two 270.7 MW Gas Turbine and one 293.6 MW Steam Turbine to produce 6,262 GWh energy annually. The ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant (NGCCPP) is a natural gas fed electricity producing facility which is comprised of a typical gas turbine and steam turbine combination with an installed capacity of 835 MWe. No fuel other than natural gas will be used in the facility. 177 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The basic configuration of the proposed facility will be comprised of the following main and auxilary equipments and units: - Two (2) Gas Turbines (GT) with Dry Low NOx boiler, - Two (2) horizontal flow type three pressure level Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSG), - One (1) condensing, three pressure level Steam Turbine (ST) with horizontal exit, - Three (3) water or air cooled generator units (common for gas and steam turbines), - One (1) wet type cooling tower, - Three (3) Auxiliary Transformers, 15/380 kV main step-up transformer, - Isolated Phase Connector, 380 kV Switchyard, - Water Treatment Plant, Waste Water Treatment Plant, Boiler feeding water pumps, - Electricity systems, mechanical systems, gas supply and heating system. At the proposed power plant, in burning chamber, hot burning gases will be produced as a result of natural gas burning and they will rotate the turbine blades by condensing and passing by the gas turbine. With the rotation of the blades, the shaft connected to an electric generator will rotate to produce electricity. The energy of the hot exhaust gases coming out of the gas turbine will be collected in a water heat boiler (HRGS) to be re-used, to vaporize the water in the boiler. The steam obtained under the high pressure will actuate the steam turbine to produce additional electricity power. Since electricty is produced during two different process, this system is called a combined cycle power plant. The waste steam returning from the Heat Recovery Steam Generator will pass from a condenser unit to be condensed. The condensed water will be sent back to the system to be used in the Heat Recovery Steam Generator. By using the Wet Type Cooling System, the electricity consumption will be decreased, similarly, the electric consumption in the facility will be decreased as well. The envisaged process flow diagram of the facility in context of the project is given below. The Heat Balance Diagram prepared for 17 oC temperature, 64% relative humidity and 0.9343 pressure and full capacity operation conditions is given in the Appendice (See Appendix-18). 178 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT HRSG Figure 71. Process Flow Diagram 179 Date / Rev: SEPTEMBER 2011 / 00 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Gas Turbine Unit: The thermal energy produced by burning the natural gas in gas turbines is transferred into mechanical energy by actuating the burning turbines, compressors and the generators. The gas turbines which have a shaft and a direct drive frequency control skill also include side and auxiliary units such as air suction system, muffler, compressor cleaning facilities. The gas in the turbine passes from the air intake air filters and is compressed by air intake channel systems and then transferred into burning chambers. The natural gas is injected in the pressured air in the burning chamber and then ignited. Th ehot burning gases expand in the sections of the turbine and rotate the turbine and provide the actuation of the electric generators. All the load conditions related with the gas turbine have been designed considering the annual climatic fluctuations and the design for the ambient environmental conditions will be taken into consideration. Incontext of the project, two Gas Turbines are envisaged. The gas entering into the turbine and the filtered air burns and the consequent pressure rotates the blades of the turbine, and electrical energy is produced from the mechanical energy by flowing through the blades. The hot exhaust gas emitted from the gas turbine is collected in the Heat Recovery Steam Generator to be re-used. Each gas turbine is connected to different generators and Heat Recovery Steam Generators. In order to a gas turbine operate in a safe and reliable way, the following units are envisaged: - Intake air filtering system Fuel gas system Lubrication and hydraulic oil systems, Lubricant coolers On-line or off-line compressor washing systems Fire protection systems Turbine and generator control Turbine air intake cooling system Traditional turbo type cylindirical rotor structure for three phase alternative current generator, 50 Hz and hydrogen and/or air and/or water cooling. Dry low NOx producing boilers Cooling systems Tools and operation system Turbine, generator and generator transformer protection systems Channel and muffler together with exhaust gas system Gas detection system 180 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The gas turbine parts, especially the hot gas parts (nozzles, burning chambers, passage channels, intake nozzles and the blades) are designed for long lifetime, safe use, easy operation and easy maintenance. The Figure 72 and 73 below shows a typical gas turbine and its equipments and the cylindirical burning chamber and the general cross section of a gas turbine. The Table 66 outlines the technical characteristics of a gas turbine. Figure 72. A Typical Gas Turbine and its Equipments 181 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Figure 73. General Cross Section of Cylindirical Burning Chamber and Gas Turbine Table 66. Technical Characteristics of Gas Turbine Technical Characteristics Gas Turbine Burning System Gross Production in the Generator Station Number of Stacks Shaft Speed of Gas Turbine Pressure Rate of Gas Turbine Intake Temperature to the Gas Turbine Exit Temperature from the Gas Turbine Compressor Suction Air Flow Gas Flow Output from the Turbine Temperature Rate in the Generator Station Productivity in the Generator Station Dry Low NOx 270.700 kW 1 3000 rpm Approximately 17 17 oC 586.5 oC 641.6 kg/sec. 655.5 kg/sec. 9.111 kJ/kWh %39.51 182 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Heat Recovery Steam Generator: The exhaust gas produced in the gas turbines will be taken into the Heat Recovery Steam Generator for production of high pressure steam. In three pressure sections in the Heat Recovery Steam Generator turbine exhaust gases will be used to produce pressurized steam. Since each gas turbine geerators will be connected to different Heat Recovery Steam Generators, two Heat Recovery Steam Generators are envisaged in context of the project. Condensed type steam turbines are fed by the steam produced in Heat Recovery Steam Generators. The Heat Recovery Steam Generator will be of vertical or horizontal gas flow type, it will have intake and exit ventilation channels at three different pressure level (high, medium, low pressure), it will be equipped with isolated exhaust stack and will have natural or penstock circulation. Each Heat Recovery Steam Generator will include different superheating, evaporating and economizer sections to produce high pressure (HP), intermediary pressure (IP) and low pressure (LP) steams. A typical Heat Recovery Steam Generator will include the following units: - Gas turbine exhaust gas system Isolation Ventilation and drainage systems Actuating system Blow down system Pipes and valves related with the boiler Stack Technical characteristics of the Heat Recovery Steam Generators are given in Table 67 below: Table 67. Technical characteristics of the Heat Recovery Steam Generators Technical Characteristics HRSG Amount 2 Type Horizontal, Natural Flow Amount of Pressure Level (Stages, HP, LP & IP) 3 Pressure Design Pressure of the Boilers (bar) (HP / IP / LP) 119,6 / 29,93 / 4,135 Design Temperature of the Boilers (Celcius) (HP / IP / LP) 567,2 / 566,5 / 233,5 Boiler Intake Mass Flow (Burning Gas Turbine) 655,5 kg/sec. Boiler Intake Temperature (Burning Gas Turbine) 586 Boiler Exit Burning Gas Amount 655,5 kg/sec. Burning Gas Temperature from Boiler (from the Stack) 87 oC 183 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Steam Turbine: Steam turbine is the turbine where the steam with high thermal energy ( with high pressure and temperature) coming from the Heat Recovery Steam Generator is transferred into mechanical energy. The steam turbine will be re-heated, duct steam system, machine oil system, hydraulic oil system and with steam intake valf, and three pressure and condensed type. The steam entering into the turbine will pass through a sudden closing and check valves. These valves will also control the turbine speed and the amount of air load. The turbine control system will be of electro-hydraulic type. One steam turbine is envisaged in context of the project; the mechanical energy obtained from the turbine will be converted into electric energy by the generator. The revolving speed of the turbine is designed as 3000 rpm. During the design of the turbine, rotational task and fast start-up is considered. In order to reduce the wear of the blade, technological blade materials and suitable steam moisture will be selected. Among the significant parts of the turbine the following items can be counted: rotor, Curtis channels, power blades, stator blades, inner oil pan, outer oil pan, trimming, main stoper, interceptor reheat stoper (in some types), pedasta, impeller regulator, radial bearings, thrust bearings, by-passes, nozzles, glands, inter labyrinths, oil pan labyrinths, speed governer and stabilizer pistons (servo motor). Along the commissioning, shut down and abnormal operation conditions of the facility, a steam turbine bypass system will be designed to provide production of maximum 100% steam in the Heat Recovery Steam Generator. The graded HP and separate IP and LP steam bypass stations will provide high operational flexibility during the commissioning, shut down and abnormal operational conditions of the facility. The three phase alternative current generator will be of conventional type turbo cylindirical rotor, 50 Hz and hydrogen and/or water cooling type. The steam turbine will have the following units: - Glands and sealing systems Automatic drainage system Lubrication and control lubrication systems Instrumentation and control system 3 phase alternative current generator Turbine, generator and generator transformer protection systems Cooling systems Synchronization units. 184 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The following Figure 74 shows a typical steam turbine and its equipments. Figure 74. A typical steam turbine and its equipments The technical characteristics of a steam turbine is given in Table 68 below. Table 68. Technical characteristics of a steam türbine Technical Characteristics Gross Capacity of the Project Area Type Number of Phases Steam Turbine Entrance HP Steam Temperature Steam Turbine Entrance HP Steam Pressure Steam Turbine Entrance HP Steam Amount Steam Turbine Entrance IP Steam Temperature Steam Turbine Entrance IP Steam Pressure Steam Turbine Entrance IP Steam Amount Steam Turbine Entrance LP Steam Temperature Steam Turbine Entrance LP Steam Pressure Steam Turbine Entrance LP Steam Amount Steam Turbine Exhaust Temperature Steam Turbine Exhaust Pressure Steam Turbine Ezhaust Mass Discharge Steam Turbine 293,600 kW Re-heated 3 568.8 oC 116.1 bara 145.8 kg/sec. 563.8 oC 28.64 bara 171.6 kg/sec. 231.9 oC 3.90 bara 20.5 kg/sec. 31.63 oC 0.0466 bara 196.2 kg/sec. 185 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Condensar and Cooling Tower: The steam with low pressure and temperature from steam tribune, is send to the condenser. In condenser the steam is become condensed and returned to water. After that, those condensed water is send back to Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG). Thus, steam/water cycle; is circulated between HRSG, Steam Tribune and condenser. Condenser is coexisted wtih Heat Exchanger Supporting structure and fan, Steam arkdistribution system, condenser collecting system, condenser air cleaning systems. Cooling Tower that Scope of the project, is planned placed on the concrete floor or fiberreinforced plastic or wooden. Stuffing issue is planned to be polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Cooling System is planned as Closed Circuit- Open Type forced cooling tower (wet type fan system).Air is drafted from the air inlet in bottom of tower and rounds against water flow and finally discharged to the atmosphere with a high speed. Condensate cooling is designed with 18 cells (one is spare). Equipment used in cooling towers is generally selected as meeting the expected water quality and atmospheric conditions. In the scope of the project, cooling system is designed as closed cycle mechanical draft cooling system. In the closed cycle mechanical draft cooling system, approximately and continuously 40.000 m3 circulation water is required. This amount of water will be provided once from caisson wells gradually. In the cooling system, evaporation losses and blow down water losses will be emerged in the circulation water returned in closed cycle. In order to meet the evaporation losses 695 m3/h (193 lt/sec) water and to meet the blow down water losses 350 m 3/h (97.2 lt/sec) water shall be added. Dissolved minerals and solids in cooling water cannot be evaporated during evaporation losses in cooling system. In the cooling tower, only H2O molecule is evaporated. Since the H2O molecules in the circulation water in the cooling system are partially evaporated, the amount in the dissolved and non-dissolved minerals and solid particles in water increase gradually. Since the dissolved minerals increase electrical conductivity in the water, the metal parts in the cooling system is under the risk of “electro-corrosion”. In order to reduce the electro – corrosion the conductivity of the cooling water is periodically controlled and when the conductivity increased, some cooling water is discharged from the system. The water discharged from the system is called the blow down water. 186 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT In general, the problems encountered in water cooled energy power plants are corrosion, mineral deposition, pollution and microbiological formations. Except for treating the feed water and the cooling water before entering into the system, the chemical parameters in the cooling water must be controlled and these parameters must be kept away from the system. The chemical conditioning programs in the cooling systems can only be provided in an optimum level by taking the interaction of these four elements into consideration dissolving the them all together. The problems that can be caused by some factors in the circulation water in the cooling system are given in Table 69 below. Low pH value of the circulation water can cause corrosion in the system and besides, it can trigger formation of residuals and microbiological activity. Similarly, in the regions where the cooling water in the system is at lower linear rates, the possiblity of formation of residuals by suspended materials is higher than that in the regions where the high linear rate is observed. On contrast, the high linear rate is a factor that can give way to corrosion in the cooling system by itself. Table 69. Problems Created by the Materials Found in the Cooling Water Factors Corrosion Residuals Microbiological pH x x x Dissolved salts x x Dissolved gases x Suspended solid materials x Microorganisms x Temperature x Metallurgy of the system x Linear rate x x x x x x x x Time to stay in the system x x Water quality x x Number of bacteria x Blearedness x Nutrition materials x Sun light x Dissolved oxygene x As a result of not conditioning the cooling water or not conditioning sufficiently, the thermal exchange weakens or lost, the lifetime of the equipments decrease, the equipments fail frequently, product, on losses are observed, the cost increases and the system can completely be stopped. In order not to experience the problems in question and to follow the quality of the cooling water regularly, the water quality will be measured continuously on-line. The on-line measurements include parameters such as pH, chlorure, specific conductivity, temperature and discharge. 187 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT In order to maintain the quality of the cooling water, a chemical dozing unit will take place in the cooling system. Based on the results of the measurements in question, by using suitable chemicals such as lime preventer, diluting agents, chlorure / sodium hypochloride and sulphuric acid, the quality of the cooling water will be kept under control in a way not to do harm to the system. The Table 70 below shows the chemicals and the final objectives: Table 70. The Chemicals to be used in the Cooling System Name of the Chemical Amount Objective Anti-lime 21 kg/hr Preventing the lime formation and corrosion in the system Diluent 1.375 kg/month Preventing and controlling the formation of precipitates Chlore/sodium hypochloride 14 kg/hr Preventing the growth of the algae and biological organisms Sulphuric acid 88 kgh/hr Adjusting the pH of the water The characteristics of the cooling tower are given in the Table 71 below: Table 71. Technical Characteristics of the Cooling Tower Technical Characteristics Value Row number 2 Cell number 18 Cooling capacity 40190 ton /hr Surface area - Estimated space taken 146.5 m x 36.2 m Air speed 4.74 m/sec (intake) Total ventilator capacity 159,1 kW x 18 sets Temperature of blowdown water 18 oC Auxilary Boiler: In context of the project, it is envisaged to install an auxilary boiler with a discharge of 6.5 ton/hr steam approximately. The fuel of the auxilary boiler will be natural gas only, and the productivity of the auxilary boiler is designed to be 90% approximately. The auxilary boiler is designed to be used during the re-commissioning of the facility after shut-down of the system for any reason. During the re-commissioning, since steam production in the Heat Recovery Steam Generators take long time, the auxilary boiler system will be used to produce steam in a faster way. During the re-commissioning, when the system is commissioned, the auxilary system to produce steam in a fast way will be shut down. This unit which will not be used continuously is designed to shorten the time of the recommissioning of the facility and to make production more feasible. 188 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Generator: The diesel generator proposed for ESER NGCCPP is of 1200 kW capacity and will be used in emergency cases only. It is expected, in case of operating full load, the generator consumes 345 lt/hr fuel. In the Appendix-5, item no. A.7. of the Regulation for Control of Industrial Based Air Pollution, published in the Official Gazzette dated 03.07.2009 and numbered 27277, it is stated that “for the emergency power systems used completely during the emergency cases (those which are not operated continuously but put into use during a breakdown or blackout, and put out of use when these cases are no longer existing, and annual use not exceeding 500 hours) the following emission standarts will not be valid”, the unit in question is exempt from the applications of IAPCR. In the area of activity, except for the units cited above, RMS-A and RMS-B stations for reducing the pressure of the natural gas to normal use pressures and to measure the amount of the gas and administrative building, social building, maintenance – repair workshop, warehouse, control room, water treatment facilities, switchyard will take place. VIII.2.2 Materials and/or services to be produced in the project units, amounts of the final and side products, marketing distributions, offering the services to where, how, which population and/or area. In context of the project, only electricity power will be produced; it is planned to produce 6.262 GWh electricity power in ESER NGCCPP having an installed power of 835 MWe. In order to connect the electricity energy that will be produced in the ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant to the National Interconnected System, it is necessary to construct an energy transmission line of 380 kV. The electricity energy to be produced during the project will be connected to the system shrough the swithcyard installed next to the power plant. For the 380 kV Energy Transmission Line (ETL) planned and for the connection to be provided required applications were made to Turkish Electricity Distribution Inc. Co. (TEIAS). The comment of the TEIAS on the route is given in the appendices (See Appendix-1). The planned ETL with a 380 kV current, 2x3 1272 MCM conductive, approximately 25 km long and 3 bundle 1272 MCM conductive, approximately 30 km long ETL will start from the switchyard to be installed near the ESER Combined Cycle Power Plant will be connected first to the Kayaş Substation taking place in the TEIAS investment program and then to the Gölbaşı Substation existing. The Kayaş Substation is now at the stage of planning, and construction of the transformer in question is under the liability of the TEIAS. 189 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Another connection point is the Kırıkkale Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant. To this point, connection will be provided through 380 kV circuit, 1272 MCM conductive, 3bundle, approximately 8 km long ETL. Negotiations on the subject is underway with the TEIAS, and required applications in context of the energy transmission lines will be made to the Ministry of City Planning and Environment and the process of EIA will be initiated. In order to get licence in context of the project application to EMRA (Energy Market Regulatory Authority) was made and following the completion of the EIA process, required applications for the preparation of the licence for energy production will be initiated. VIII.2.3 Use and amount of water to be used in units of the project, water for which processes, how and where the water will be supplied from, how the water will be delivered to which media (detailed explanation of removal of waste water from houses and processes), the pre-treatment applied to the water (including the treatment units and the units to be added as admixture- feeding water), water preparation main flow diagram, cycle of water vapour, internal water processes to be applied in process flow diagram, the chemicals to be used In order to meet the needs of the personnel, during the stage of operation and to compensate the losses due to evaporation in the cooling system, and addition of water against blowdown in cooling water system, and for washing needs in the facility, ESER NGCCPP needs water. Within the scope of the Project all needed water will be supplied from the Caisson Wells that will be opened near riverside of Kızılırmak. Regarding opening of Caisson Wells and supplying needed water within the scope of the Project, the appropriate opinion letter of General Directorate of State Hydroulic Works is given in the appendices (See Appendix-23) A. Formation of Domestic Use and Waste Water The water obtained from caisson wells for the needs of the personnel and for domestic use of water will be treated in the water treatment facility before usage. The flow diagram of water treatment facility is given in the Water mass Balance Diagram in appendices (See Appendix-19). As seen on the Balance Diagram, the water obtained from the caisson wells pass from pre-sedimentation basins and then taken into Actived carbon Filtering system which is an other advanced treatment unit. After completion of the advanced treatment, the water is distributed for drinking and domestic use. The capacity of the Advanced Water Treatment Facility where the water is treated is designed as 40 m3/day. The waste water that will occur during the operation stage of the facility are domestic waste water based on the consumption as drinking water and utility water. During the operation stage of the project, approximately 40 persons will be employed. 190 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Taking the daily need of water per person as 150 lt/day (source: Water Supply and Waste Water Removal Applications, İTÜ, 1998, Prof. Dr. Dinçer TOPACIK, prof. Dr. Veysel EROĞLU), the total water needed is calculated as 6 m3/day. If we accept that all of the water used by the personnel will return as waste water, a total of 6 m3/day waste water is generated. Item 26.a. of the Regulatory for Water Pollution Control published on the Official Gazzette dated 31.12.2004 and numbered 25687 states that “for the waste water resources out of the city discharging to receptor environment individual or common treatment facilities are required for treatment of the water.” and the Item 26.e. states that “natura lor legal persons, based on their type of activities, are liable to provide discharge standards for the waste water as indicated from Table 5 to Table 21 listed in the appendix of the supplement of the Regulatory.” Besides, in the Item 27 of the same regulatory, it is stated that “the standard values to be followed in discharging the domestic waste water into receptory environments are given in Table 21”. Taking the items in question into consideration the standards for discharging the domestic waste water into receptory environments will be followed and the domestic waters sourcing from the operational stage will be treated in Pack Waste Water Treatment Facility; and will be discharged to the Kızılırmak River after reaching the discharge limits complying with the Discharging Standards for Domestic Waste Water into the Receptory Environments. Table 58. Water Pollution Control Regulation – Table 21.1. Sector: Domestic Waste Water* (Class 1: The pollution load is between 5-120 kg / day as raw BOI, Population: 84-2000) Parameter Unit Composite Sample for two Composite Sample for 24 hours hours Biochemical Oxygene Need (BOI5) (mg/L) 50 45 Chemical Oxygene Need (KOI) (mg/L) 180 120 Suspended Solid Material (AKM) (mg/L) 70 45 pH - 6-9 6-9 B. Use of Process Water and Formation of Wastewater Water need for compensationg the water loss due to evaporization, addition of water due to blowdown in waste water boiler and cooling system, and for washing processes in the facility in ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant will be compensated from caisson wells. The water received into the facility will be first passed through the Water Treatment Facility before distributed to the system. 191 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The pivottable related with water to be used in the process is given below. Water Usage Areas Cooling System Losses by evaporation Cooling System Losses by Blowdown m /h 3 m /day Disposal Method 695 16680 - 350 8400 25 600 37 386 NeutralizationBalance Neutralization Balance Gas Tubine Washing and Rinsing Water Water Process Heat Recovery Steam Generator Losses by Blowdown 3 On-site use Wastewater Treatment Plant Sampling and Laboratory Rain water coming switchyard and other units Irregular Personnel Use 0,25 TOTAL 1.107,25 6 Package Treatment 26.072 - During operation phase, water use areas and wastewater production in the Plant is shown schematically. Process Water Water Natural Gas Gas Electric Turbine Energy Exhaust Gases Treatment Steam HRSG Steam Water Turbine Addition of Treatment Blowdown Water Condenser Gas Turbine Addition of Washing, Leaking and Rinsing Waters Blowdown Water Blowdown Waters Cooling Water Addition of Evaporation Loss Wasteater Treatment System Oil Seperator Neutralization Sampling and Equalization Rain Waters Laboratary Waters Discharge Tank 192 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 Oily wastewaters ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The Water Balance Diagram showing the amount of water to be used and the wastewater expected to be generated in the Units which is within the scope of the Project and disposal methods, is given in appendices and it is explained below detaily (See Appendix-19) B.1. Cooling System Waters: In context of the project, the cooling system is designed as Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower. In Mechanical Draft Cooling Towers approximately 40 000 m3 circulation water is demanded continuously and the amount in question will be supplied from the caisson wells step by step for one time. In cooling system, evaporation and blowdown losses will occur in circulation water. In order to compensate the evaporation losses 695 m3/hr, and to compensate the blowdown losses 350 m3/hr water is required to be added. Detailed information on the cooling system taking place in context of the ESER NGCCPP is given under the heading VIII.2.4. B.2. Waste Water Blowdown Water: The amount of water required for the production of steam in Heat Recovery Steam Generator is 25 m3/hr. The steam produced in the Heat Recovery Steam Generator is brought to different pressures before being taken into steam turbine to produce electricity energy. After the production electricity energy, it will be passed through the steam condenser, where thermal energy is used, before returning to Heat Recovery Steam Generator to be used in steam production. For the supply of the water required in the Heat Recovery Steam Generator, the water taken from the caisson wells will be used in the facility after being treated in the water treatment facility. Details of the water treatment facility observed in the Water Mass Balance Diagram are discussed in the next sections (See Appendix-19). As can be seen in the Water Mass Balance Diagram, waters obtained from the caisson wells are pre-sedimented in the clarifiers before treated in the ultrafiltration units. The waters to be taken into the Heat Recovery Steam Generator will be passed from, in the succive order, softener, reverse osmosis system, electro-deionization system before taken into demineralization water storage tank. Here, the Heat Recovery Steam Generator is fed with a discharge of 25 m3/hr. The capacity of the Water Treatment Facility where the water coming from the Heat Recovery Steam Generator will be processed is designed as 38 m3/hr. 193 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT In boiler water of the steam production process, dissolved, suspended solid particles are formed. Above a certain level of concentration, the solid particles can form a precipitation at the bottom of the boiler and they reduce the heat transfer by depositing in and on the pipes of the boiler and cause over heating. The productivity of the boiler decreases in this way, and because of the destruction caused the lifetime of the boiler becomes shorter. Besides, the solid particles in high concentration are drifted by the steam and cause transmission of water to the steam lines and pollution of the equipments using steam in the system as well as dirt in the valves and condenstops to prevent their functions. The blowdown process is needed to keep the dissolved solid particles in the water at a certain level of concentration. When the concentration of the water in the boiler increased, based on the concentration, a certain amount of water where the pollution is high, the water is blown down at certain intervals and instead of the water blown down water with less concentration is added in the boiler to decrease the concentration. This process is called the bottom blowdown. In order to remove the inconvenience due to condensation of the suspended material and foam up, surface blow down is also needed. For the quality of the steam produced in a steam boiler, productivity of the boiler and safety of the operation both bottom and surface blow down is required. The emerging blow down water is generally discharged to outer environment. In order to provide energy and water savings, under the condition of keeping the water quality fixed, the blow down water discharged into the environment should be minimum. In the waste water boiler blowdown water will form at a discharge of 21.2 m3/hr. The blow down waters coming up will be processed in the neutralization pool and will be taken into the Discharge Pool located at the exit of the Waste Water Treatment Facility before being discharged. The Neutralization Unit observed in the Water Mass Balance Diagram in the Appendix will be discussed in the following sections in detail (See Appendix-19). B.3. Gas Turbine Washing, Leakage and Rinsing Waters: Gas turbine compressors must be washed regularly. At this stage, the water supplied from the caisson wells will be treated and used in the Rinser in the facility, the water flow diagram of the project is given in the Water Mass Balance Diagram (See Appendix-19). As can be seen in the Water Mass Balance Diagram, the water obtained from the caisson wells will be pre-sedimented, and the capacity of the water to be used is designed as 16 m3/hr. Details of the Rinser Unit observed in the Water Mass Balance in the appendix will be discussed in the following sections (See Appendix-19). Wastewaters originating from Rinser units will be sent to Wastewater Treatment Plant which is explained detaily under E Heading. The waste water sourcing from this place will be taken into Waste Water Treatment Facility. The waters coming from the treatment, after being processed in the Neutralization Pond, will be balanced in the Discharge Pond located at the exit of the waste Water Treatment Facility and will be discharged. 194 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Washing of the gas turbines is not going to be made continuously, rather the washing will be made periodically and when needed. Therefore, the waste waters sourcing from this stage are not continuous. The gas turbine washing waste waters will be collected in the Discontinuous Waste Water Treatment Pond before the Waste Water Treatment Facility and will be balanced here. The waters collected here will then be taken into Continuous waste Water Equalization tank then they will be sent to the Wastewater Treatnment Facility which is explained under E Headings detaily. Details of the Waste Water Facility Units observed in the Water Mass Balance in the appendix will be discussed in the following sections (See Appendix-19). B.4. Oily Waste Waters The oily waste waters emerging from the activities in the operational stage in the ESER NGCCPP, and from the repair- maintenance works will first be taken into Grease separation unit to separate the Grease in the waters; then they will be sent to the neutralization pond. The discharge of the waters coming from the Grease-Water Separator observed in the Water Mass Balance Diagram is expected to be 8 m3/hr. The waste grease collected in the grease separator will be stored in impermeable tanks and will be delivered to the institutions having licence from the Ministry. During the activities in the project area, the provisions of the “Waste Oil Control Regulatory” published in the Official Gazzette dated 30.07.2008 and numbered 26952 will be followed. B.5. Rain Waters from the Switchyard and the Other Units Arond the activity field of the ESER NGCCPP drainage and rain water collection channels will be excavated and the waters will be collected through these channels to be discharged to the Kızılırmak River. Except for this, in switchyard and facility area, during the operation stage, the rain waters will be collected by a suitable drainage system and will be sent to the Discontinuous waste Water Equalization Tank to be balabced. Then the waters will be taken to the Continuous Waste Water Equalization Tank to be sent to the waste Water Treatment Facility. Details of the Waste Water Facility Units observed in the Water Mass Balance in the appendix will be discussed in the following sections (See Appendix-19). B.6. Sampling and Laboratory Waste Waters The samples taken from the waters in circulation of the Water Treatment Facility and project units and the waters coming out of the laboratories will be separated and will be given to the neutralization pond. The discharge of the waters coming from the Grease-Water Separator observed in the Water Mass Balance Diagram is expected to be 20 m3/day. 195 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT C. Process and Utility Water Treatment System The process water obtained from the caisson wells will be pre-treated to remove the suspended solid particles and to demineralize (to remove the salts dissolved in the water). Details of the Process and Utility Water Treatment System Units are discussed below and flow diagram is given below schematically. Well Water Process Water Drinking and Using Water Clarifier Cooling System Steam Cycle Ultrafiltration Filtrate Water Tank Water Softening Actived Carbon Reverse Osmosis Drinking and Using Water Electrodeionization Unit Steam System During process water treatment, chlorination will not be done. As can be seen in Section V.2.4, to prevent algae and biological organisms growing in recirculated water of Cooling System chlorination will be done in Cooling System. C.1 Clarifier The waters taken into Water Treatment system will be taken into clarification tank with a discharge of 1,113 m3/hr. In the system, two cylindirical 560 m3/hr capacity clarifiers will take place. The raw waters taken into clarifiers will be settled here to provide deposition of the suspended materials inside. The 1,050 m3/hr part of the water coming from the clarifier will be sent to the Cooling System to compensate the losses and 16 m3/hr part of the water will be taken to be used as process water. The 41 m3/hr water will be kept on treating in the Ultrafiltration Unit to be used in the process and as drinking water. The particles collected in the clarification tank will be sent to the Continuous Waste Water Equalization Tank. The cross section of Sample Clarifier is given below. 196 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Figure 75. Example of Section Clarifier Tank C.2 Ultrafiltration Ultrafiltration is one of the membrane filtration methods. Unlike the similar treatment methods such as the nanofiltration and reverse osmosis Technologies, this method causes no change in the chemical structure of the water, but improves all of the physical characteristics of the water. Figure76. The sample of Ultrafiltration System 197 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT With the ultrafiltration method, the suspended materials in the water, blearedness, color pigments up to 99% and, most importantly, possible bacteria and viruses that can possibly exist in the water are removed. This feature of the method provides great advantage in spring water and drinking water treatment over the others. The advantages of the system are given below: - The UF system, when used as a pre -treatment system before the RO system, decreases the operational pressure of the RO system and reduces the operational cost of the system. - With the advanced membrane technology, less frequently and lesser chemicals are used for the membrane washing process and blockings in the membrane decreases to a minimum. - The UF system, when used as a pre -treatment system before the RO system, the RO membranes work well in the system. - Compared to the other filtration units, it occupies less space. - It has high resistance against the the solid particles in the water and displays better blearedness removal performance. - From outwards to inwards, it provides more equal water distribution and prevents the blockage of the inner channels. In the Ultrafiltering unit two UF filters with a capacity of 50 m3/hr will be used and after passing through a filter with a discharge rate of 41 m3/ hr the filtered water will be taken into the Filtered Water Tank to be used in process and as drinking water and the treatment continues. The waste water in question will emerge as the washing process is realized and it is not continuous. Waste water formation during the washing process is expected at a discharge rate of 30 m3/day. C.3. Water Softening Hard water causes problems by forming lime layers in the system. Besides, during the heating of the water for steam production calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate leaves the water and accumulates in the boiler. In time, the boiler spends more energy to reach heat and its lifetime becomes shorter. At the same time, hard water wears and blocks the materials used. In water softening unit, the calcium and magnesium found in the water are removed. Water softening process is realized by the cationic resines found in the mineral tank which work by simple ionic Exchange principle. The resines catch the Ca and Mg ions and leave Na ions in their places. In case the Na ions in the resines are consumed, the system is regenerated and taken into service again. In Ultrafiltration System the waters coming from the filtration are taken into Filtered Water Tank to be used as process water and drinking water; and the treatment continues. The waters to be used as process waters are taken into Water Softening Unit. 198 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT In water treatment system 2 vertical cylindirical water softeners with a capacity of 38 m3/hr will be used, the waters softened in these units are taken into Reverse Osmosis Unit. The waste waters sourcing from the Water Softening Unit and having a discharge rate of 24 m3/day are sent to the Neutralization Unit. C.4 Reverse Osmosis The reverse osmosis technology is the most precise filtration technology ever known. During the normal osmosis process, transfer of water molecules from the liquid phase with low ionic concentration to the liquid phase with high ionic concentration is realized; these two liquid phases are separated by a semi-permeable membrane from each other. Figure 77. The sample of Reverse Osmosis System The working principle of the reverse osmosis phase is by the membranes located on the device. The water is forced to pass through the pores on the membrane under high pressure. During this process, the water molecules and some inorganic molecules can pss through these pores, however, many substances in the water can not pass anda re expelled outside as concentrated water. What keeps the surface of the membrane clean and unclogged is the cross flow process. With the help of cross flow, while some liquids can pass through the membrane, some other liquids (dense water) move parallel to the surface of the membrane and prevent the impurities from sticking to the membrane. In water treatment system two skid mounted type reverse osmosis units will be located, the first of these will have a capacity of 32 m3/hr while the second one has a capacity of 28 m3/hr. The waters being processed in the units in question at discharge rate of 37 m 3/hr will be taken into the Electrodeionization Unit. 199 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT C.5. Electrodeionization (EDI) Electrodeionization removes the ions found in the process water by using the classical ion exchange resines with the help of the electrical current passing through a bed; the pollutant ions continuously move towards the concentrate line from the feeding water. By doing so, the water treatment is completed and the chemical losses which are the disadvantages of the classical regeneration processes are prevented. In the system one skid mounted type EDI unit will be used and its capacity will be 25 m3/hr. The waters processed in the unit in question with a discharge rate of 28 m 3/hr will be taken into the Demineralizated Water Storage Tank and from here, the system is fed to produce steam in the Heat Recovery Steam Generator. The waste waters with 3 m3/hr discharge rate goming from the deionization system and displaying discontinuity are sent back to the Filtered Water Tank. C.6 Actived Carbon Filters The actived carbon is used in the waters to remove the dissolved organic and inorganic pollutants as wel as to remove the color, smell and taste. The carbon minerals of which surface areas are increased approximately 100 times absord the organic substances and filter them. The actived carbon filters are used in polyethylene tanks or in epoxy coated steel tanks. The only point changing in the systems is the working principle of the automation systems. These systems which can be time controlled, volume controlled, electronic panel controlled (microprocessor) or manually controlled can be used in both tank models. The waters passed from the ultrafiltration system are taken into Filtered Waters Tank to be used as process and drinking water and treatment continues on. The waters to be used as process or drinking water are taken into Actived Carbon Filter System. The waters processed in the unit in question at a discharge rate of 40 m 3/day are taken into the Drinking and Utility Water Tank and then distributed in the facility. D. Package Wastewater Treatment Plant (Domestic Wastewaters) Domestic package treatment plants are biological treatment systems due to domestic wastewater characteristics. To hold certain size of solid materials which cause blocking of mechanical equipments like pumps etc. in treatment plant, before biological treatment unit physical treatment is provided by coarse screening, fine screening or primary clarifier, if the amount of grease oil in wastewater is high, phsical treatment units such as grease traps are used. The organic materials causing pollution in domestic wastewaters are treated biologically when microorganisms(bacterias) grown in treatment plant transforms them into a harmless form that do not give damage to environment. 200 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT There are some modifications in Activated Sludge Process which is the most commonly used process for domestic wastewaters. Common ones of them are Classical Activated Sludge Process, Step Aeration, Contact Stabilization, Extended Aeration and Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). For bacterial growth 2 main elements; nutrient and oxygen are required. Bacterias use organic materials in wastewaters as nutrients. Needed oxygen is supplied from Blowers expressed as air compressors. After biological treatment, wastewaters are sent to final clarifier. To give no damage to environment and human health, it is required to stabilize (digest) originated wastewater. This digestion process could be aerobic or anaerobic. To decrease the volume of the sludge to be digested, thickeners are used. In sludge thickeners, 5 % solid concentrated sludge could be ontained. Ater sludge is digested and thickened, it must be dewatered. Therefore, sludge cake is obtained and this material could be transfered to final disposal site easily or used as agricultural fertilizer. After the treated water coming from clarifier is disinfected, it is discharged to receiving environment. Within Package Wastewater Treatemnt Plants, most common types are the steel construction manufactured compact type of treatment systems. Main disadvantage of this systems is corrosive and requiring dye since it is steel construction. Figure 78. Typical Flow Diagram of Package Watewater Treatment Systems 201 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The wastewaters to be originated will be treated in the Package Domestic Wastewater Treaatment Plant which will be installed in the activity site. The main aim of wastewater treatment is to decrease adverse impacts of wastewater minimum level on public health and ecological balance in receiving environments. Package Wastewater Treaatment Plant in question will be designed as Standard plant containing main processes used in domestic wastewater treatment and before starting the operation of Package Wastewater Treaatment Plant, with respect to the notice published on 29 April, 2005 with No:2005/05, the approval of Package Wastewater Treaatment Plant Project will be had. Originated domestic wastewaters will be processsed in Package Wastewater Treaatment Plant and discharged in complience with Water Pollution Control Regulation publised in Official Gazette on 31 December 2004 with No:25687. E. Wastewater Treatment System The wastewaters displaying no continuity in the facility are collected in the Discontinuous Waste Water Equalization Tank to be balanced and then transferred to the Continuous Waste Water Equalization Tank. The waters balanced here will be transferred to the Waste Water Treatment Facility which is consisted of, in turn, by pH /coagulation / floculation tank, Sludge Setler, Condensing Water Pool, Dehydration, Neutralization Pool and Discharge Pool. E.1. pH – Coagulation – Floculation Coagulation and floculation is a process to combine a flock forming chemical reactive with the non-depositing solid substances and, in order to deposit the suspending solids faster rather than slowly, to add this chemical reactive to the water and the waste water. Following figure shows coagulation and flocculation systems schematically. Figure 79. Coagulation-Flocculation System pH is an indicator to show if the water is acidic or basic. A suitable pH interval is needed to deposit the water - suspended pollutants in the water with the addition of the coagulant substances. For this reason, in case the waste water is in an undesired interval for chemical treatment, in order to regulate the ph a neutralization pool is required in the entrance unit before the coagulation. Coagulation is the first step for the chemical treatment process and also is known as the fast mixing. 202 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT In order to make an effective coagulation, fast and uniform distribution of the coagulant across the water mass is required. Therefore, the the coagulant can contact with all the suspended substances in the water. At coagulation stage, the chemicals used as coagulants must be dissolved in the water easily and must be stable enough to sediment the particles in the water. Besides, the chemical selected must be such that not to be dissolved in the water again, must be supplied easily in the market, must be cheap, and the solid forms emerging must not do harm to the environment. After the addition of the chemical, floculation or slowly stirring process is the most significant step in the chemical treatment processes. Floculation is made by slowly stirring by slowly moving pedals. As a result of slowly stirring, after the contact of small and developed flocks easily sedimenting nodules are formed. As the flocks grow, a violent stirring may cause fragmenting of the flocks. The stirring must be controlled carefully. Therefore, flocks in suitable sizes will form and sediment in a faster way. In coagulation and flocking process Ca(OH)2 is used widespreadly, however, alum, FeCl3, FeSO4 and polimers can also be used. In order to speed up the flocking and to obtain larger flocks auxiliary coagulants such as active silica, polyelectrolites, clay and calcite can also be used. E.2 SludgeThickener Thickening is the process of removing the liquids and increasing the clay content in a sludge mixture. With this process, the total sludge amount can be decreased at a significant rate (50%). The thickening can be made by physical ways such as gravity, flotation, centrifuge, and gravity band filter. The thickeners can increase the concentration of the sludge 5-10% more than its solid concentration. Following figure shows working principle of thickener. Figure 80. Typical Sludge Thickener The thickeners based on depositing by gravity work the same as that of a deposition tank. The sludge is given to the tank in the center and is distributed in the tank in a circular way. The depositing condensed sludge is taken from the sludge exit line while the water is taken from the penstock. 203 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT In thickeners based on flotation principle, the low density muds are floated on top of the tank by giving air from bottom of the tank and they are then collected from there. With the help of sludge condensing units, the capacity of the required tank and equipment is decreased, the amount of the chemicals for conditioning decreases and the heat required for decomposers, thermal drying and the fuel burning decreases. When the sludge is transferred to long distances in large facilities, the volume of the sludge decreases and the diameter of the pipe and elevation cost decreases also. In small facilities minimum diameter and speed need is required to pump the waste water together with the sludge. E.3. Sludge Dehydration While the thickened sludge can display liquid behaviour and can be pumped, dehydrated sludge behaves like solids. For this reason, it is not possible to transfer it by pumping. The sludge dehydration units can increase the sludge to concentration values higher than 15%. Among the dehydration methods, non mechanical dehydration methods such as sludge drying beds, and lagunas and mechanical methods like belt pres, filter pres, centrifuge and vacuum filter can be listed. In sludge drying beds the sludge is dehydrated by two methods. The first one is to drain the sludge water from the sludge and then drain from the sand drying bed. This mechanism can last for a few days only until the system gets blocked. Only 25% of the sludge water can be removed from the sludge. For conditioned sludge, 75% of the sludge water can be removed by this method. Another method is realized by the vaporization of the water and lasts longer. This mechanism is dependent on the weather conditions. The picture of dewatering unit sample is given below. Figure 81. Sluge Dewatering Unit 204 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT In dehydration process by band filters the concentration of the solid particles dehydrated can be 20% or a little more. E.4. Neutralization Pond pH is an indicator to show whether the water is acidic or basic and it is a parameter which must be monitored in the exit water according to Water Pollution Control Regulatory. Therefore, the neutralization pond must be ibstalled to the exit of the treatment facility in order to provide the pH discharge standards. The waters coming to the neutralization ponds will be ventilated to be balanced and will be stirred. The neutralization pond is rectangular in shape and has a capacity of 1000 m3 approximately. The waste waters sourcing from the treatment facility and coming out of the neutralization pool are collected in the Final Discharge Pool which has a capacity of 2000 m3. The waste water discharged from the facility will not affect the settlement areas (irrigation, agriculture, drinking water, etc.), from the discharge point to Kızılırmak River and to the Black Sea it reaches finally. The water coming from the Water Treatment Facility through Water Softening, Actived carbon, Washing Waters, etc. will be removed following the related provisions of the Water Pollution Control Regulatory given below in Table 72. Table 72. Water Pollution Control Regulation – Table 20.7: Sector. Water softening, demineralization and regeneration, actived carbon washing and regeneration facilities. Parameter Unit Composite Sample Composite Sample Chlorure (Cl-) (mg/L) for 2 hours for 24 hours 2000 1500 Sulphate (SO4 ) (mg/L) 3000 2500 Iron (Fe) (mg/L) 10 - Fish biotest (ZSF) - 10 - pH - 6-9 6-9 -2 The blow down waters coming from the cooling system will be removed by providing the provisions related with the Water Pollution Control Regulatory given in Table 73 below. Table 73. Water Pollution Control Regulation – Table 9.7: Sector: Coal Preparation and Energy Production Facilities (Industrial Cooling Waters in Closed Cycle) Parameter Unit Composite Sample Composite Sample for 2 hours for 24 hours Chemical Oxygene Need (KOI) (mg/L) 40 - Suspended Solids (AKM) (mg/L) 100 - Free Chlorure (mg/L) 0.3 - Total Phosphore (mg/L) 5.0 - Zinc (Zn) (mg/L) 4.0 - 205 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT After treating the domestic waste waters sourcing during the operation stage and the process waste water, Environmental Permission Document for the discharge to the receptory environment in context of the Regulatory about the Permissions and Licenses Required Compliant to the Environment Laws will be received. VIII.2.4 Information related to the cooling (main and auxiliary cooling water) system, flow diagram of the cooling water, chemicals to be used, or the name of the internal process and the related amounts, the environment where the cooling water will be discharged, the effects to the environment and the precautions to be taken, the method used in modelling, description of the model, addition of the analysis of the existing water to the report, determination of the difference of the intake and exit temperature of the cooling water with respect to the months. In context of the project, the cooling system is designed as a mechanical draft cooling tower. The water necessary for the cooling tower will be obtained from caisson wells and these waters will be treated in the Process and Utility Water Treatment Facility located in the project area. The water treatment facility is given in the Water Mass Balance Diagram in the appendix (See Appendix-19). As can be seen on the diagram, some of the waters obtained from the caissson wells will be given to the cooling towers after being sedimented in the presedimentation pools. The water to be taken to the cooling towers are designed as 1.050 m3/hr. Since no advanced treatment will be made for the waters taken in the cooling tower, there is no chemicals used in this section. The clarifier Units seen in the Water Mass Balance Diagram is detailed in the section VIII.2.3 (See Appendix-19). In the project, the cooling system is designed as mechanical draft cooling tower. In mechanical draft cooling system continuous and approximately 40,000 m3 circulation water is required. This amount in question will be supplied through caisson wells for one time step by step. In the cooling system, in the circulation water circulated in a closed cycle evaporization and blowdown losses will occur. In order to meet the evaporization losses, about 695 m3/ hour (193 lt/sec) and to complete the blowdown losses about 350 m3/hour (97.2 lt/sec) water is needed to be added to the system. During the evaporization losses occurring in the cooling system, the dissolved minerals and the solid particles found in the cooling water can not be evaporated. The water evaporated in the cooling towers is the H2O molecules. Since the H2O molecules in the circulation water in the cooling system are partially evaporated, the amount in the dissolved and non-dissolved minerals and solid particles in water increase gradually. Since the dissolved minerals increase electrical conductivity in the water, the metal parts in the cooling system is under the risk of “electro-corrosion”. In order to reduce the electro – corrosion the conductivity of the cooling water is periodically controlled and when the conductivity increased, some cooling water is discharged from the system. The water discharged from the system is called the blow down water. 206 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT In the project, the cooling system is designed as mechanical draft cooling system. In mechanical draft cooling system continuous and approximately 40 000 m3 circulation water is required. This amount in question will be supplied through caisson wells for one time step by step. The Figure 82 below shows the losses in the cooling system schematically. Figure 82. Scheme Showing the Typical Water Losses in a Cooling Tower The water with a discharge rate of 695 m3/hr added into the system is required to compensate the evaporation losses in the system; there is no waste water sourcing from this stage. In order to keep the concentration of the salt and the other impurities in the circulation water at a certain, desired level blowdown water is discharged from the system. The water with a discharge rate of 350 m3/hr added into the system is required to compensate the blowdown losses in the system; the blowdown waters sourcing from this stage will be balanced in the discharge pool located at the exit of the waste water treatment facility and then these waters will be discharged. During construction of the discharge cannals within the scope of the Project, to prevent any adverse effects on riverbed and river, necessary precautions will be taken. Since the cooling system existing in the operation will work as closed cycle, cooling water will not be discharged to the Kızılırmak in the scope of activitiy. Thus, there will be no negative change in the temperature of the river and in its other parameters due to the operations of the ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power plant (NGCCPP), and aquatic flora and fauna will not be affected negatively. At the operation stage, generally problems such as corrosion, mineral deposition, pollution and microbiological developments are encountered in Water Cooling Energy Power Plants. Except for treatment of the feed water and circulation water before entering into the system, with the control of the chemical parameters in the cooling water, the system can be protected from such problems. 207 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The chemical conditioning programs in the cooling water systems can only be provided with taking the interactions of these four elements into consideration and solving the problems together at optimum level. In order not to compare with the problems in question and to maintain the continuity of the quality of the cooling water, there will be a chemical dosing unit in the cooling water system. Based on the continuous measurement of the cooling water online, by using chemical ssuch as lime preventer, diluter, chlore /sodium hypochloride and sulphuric acid the quality of the cooling water will be controlled without doing any harm to the system. The chemicals –and their amounts- to be used in the cooling system against wearing and microbial reproduction is shown below in the table. Table 74. Chemicals to be used in the cooling water Name of chemical Amount Purpose Descaler 21 kg/hr To prevent lime formation and corrosion in the system Diluter 1.375 kg/month To prevent and control the formation of deposition Chlore / Sodiumhypochloride 14 kg/hr To prevent growth of algae and organisms Sulphuric acid 88 kg/hr To balance the pH of the water In order to determine the existing conditions in the Kızılırmak River where waste waters will be discharged after treatment, water samples were collected and analyzed by Çınar Environmental Measurement and Analysis Laboratory which is accredited by the Turkish Accreditation Institution (TURKAK) and awarded by Environmental Measurement and Analyses Sufficiency Document of the Ministry of Environment. Detailed information on the results of the analyses of the Kızılırmak waters is given in section VII.2.4. Results of the water analyses are given in the appendices (See. Appendix-11). VIII.2.5 provided How the main and auxiliary fuel to be used during the project will be In context of the project, including the losses, 1.109 m3 natural gas will be consumed for electric power production. The fuel will be supplied from the BOTAŞ Natural Gas Pipeline. For the natural gas supply to the RMS-A station which will be constructed for the ESER NGCCPP, preliminary field excursion was made for the route of the pipeline on 18.05.2011 with the participation of BOTAŞ Ankara Branch Directorate Department of Field Construction and Expropriation and the Consulting Company and the protocol given in the appendix was recorded (See Appendix-8). As has been stated in the protocol, the pipeline passes just near the project area and through a hot-tap at a suitable point at 365+272 km on the 48” Samsun-Ankara Natural Gas Pipeline, from two alternative points (after the precise determination of the RMS-A station through a field route reconnaissance work) gas can be taken in RMS-A station. 208 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Since the entire route of the pipeline stays in the domain of the company, there will be no expropriation. In case the hot-tap point falls out of the domain of the company, this point will be expropriated for the ownership. After the Environmental Impact Assessment process, the expropriation files will be prepared and after confirmation by the cadastral authorities, the section where the line passes will be transferred to the BOTAŞ with no charge. Regulations on Safety and Environment for the Construction and Operation of BOTAŞ Crude Oil and Natural Gas Pipelines shall be complied with during the construction of pipeline route. Satellite View and Pictures showing the location of pipeline are given in previous sections, at Figure 16 and Figure 17. VIII.2.6 Burning of main fuel and auxiliary fuel to be used under the scope of the project at which units and in what quantities burning systems to be used, specifications of fuel, nominal calorific power, emissions, reducing measures and their efficiency, instruments to be used for measurements and systems (systems to be set up for instant-online-measuring and assessment of flue gas emissions, operations to be carried out for measurement of the existing air quality), the method used in the modeling system, description of the model, meteorological data to be used in the model (precipitation, wind, atmospheric stability/resolution, height of mixture, etc.), model inputs, results of model considering also worst-case scenario, indication of outputs obtained as the result of modeling on the land usage map, examination of effects of emissions to reach at Irmak District Urban Transformation Area located at north of the project area, Yahşihan District Center and Hacıbalı Village under the scope of meteorological data (predominant wind, etc.). At which Units and in what quantity the main fuel and auxiliary fuel will be burned up and burning/combustion systems to be used, specifications of fuel, nominal calorific power: Only natural gas, as fuel, will be used at ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant, and annual amount of consumption is determined as approx. 1.109 m3. In principle natural gas consists of hydrocarbons like methane (CH4) and at very low rate ethane (C4H10) and propane (C3H8). Additionally it may also contain in its composition such gases as Nitrogen (N2), Carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfur (H2S) and helium. However, since H2S is a harmful component, natural gas is cleaned from this component at the natural gas production point and then pumped into the pipeline. Natural gas is a colorless and odorless gas which is lighter than air. 209 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Results of Analysis of Natural Gas to be taken from BOTAŞ Natural Gas Pipeline passing near the Project Area are as follows: . Table 75. Kırıkkale Region Gas Chromatograph Values MONTHLY AVERAGE VALUES Propane I-Butan N-Butan DATE Upper Cal. Lower Cal. Methane Ethan February 2010 253800.90 228600.13 2741.23507 24.88939 7.38494 1.18801 March 2010 281301.58 253362.81 3032.63560 29.39720 8.27673 1.45753 April 2010 272402.96 245372.51 2931.51500 29.95349 9.24396 May 2010 281752.83 253728.16 3021.84570 34.65501 10.74193 June 2010 273542.49 246424.81 2917.99800 37.63391 July 2010 282531.49 254568.52 3019.16443 37.25784 August 2010 283053.92 255027.52 3011.47420 Sept. 2010 273752.55 246656.98 October 2010 281937.71 254259.13 Nov. 2010 272843.91 Dec. 2010 281391.06 I-Pentan N-Pentan N2 CO2 C6+ 1.11588 0.21497 0.14375 22.10444 1.66482 0.05939 1.33787 0.26109 0.17239 24.00248 1.89608 0.58577 1.47055 1.38379 0.26990 0.18020 23.84671 2.03243 0.10429 1.69530 1.67708 0.32744 0.21789 26.20438 2.49735 0.13792 12.55657 1.96972 1.90386 0.38022 0.26139 24.59410 2.56503 0.13728 12.15722 1.99075 1.92880 0.39681 0.27595 24.40971 2.29130 0.12708 41.47176 13.48109 2.18377 2.09104 0.43693 0.30849 25.68897 2.70791 0.15585 2918.91700 38.61339 12.30561 2.01447 1.92498 0.40022 0.27988 23.04806 2.36274 0.13339 3027.26040 32.80325 10.26834 1.73296 1.66023 0.34399 0.23488 23.62471 1.96936 0.10166 245797.18 2929.58370 31.76003 9.93905 1.67721 1.60712 0.33315 0.22750 22.86828 1.90556 0.09818 253478.50 3029.54336 30.54877 9.43477 1.48010 1.39620 0.27026 0.18241 24.96170 2.10809 0.07437 January 2011 281357.89 253454.37 3027.92100 31.05613 9.59277 1.48202 1.39061 0.26809 0.17971 25.81158 2.21792 0.07971 Total 3319669.29 2990730.62 35609.09346 400.04017 125.38298 20.34238 19.41745 3.90307 2.66444 291.16512 26.21860 1.79490 9094.98 8193.78 97.55916 1.09600 0.34352 0.05573 0.05320 0.01069 0.00730 0.79771 0.07183 0.00492 Average 210 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 2 each 270.7 MW capacity Gas Turbines will be used at the said Power Plant; there thermal energy generated by burning the natural gas has been transformed into mechanical energy by operating burning turbines compressor and generators. Hot exhaust gas discharged from gas turbine however is taken to the wastewater Heat Recovery Steam Generator. 2 Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSG) will be available under the project. Each one of gas turbine is connected separately to the generators and wastewater heat boilers. Exhaust gas produced in gas turbines will be taken to the HRSG for generation of high pressure steam. In order to generate compressed steam at the 3 compressed chambers in the HRSG exhaust gases will be used and stacks of the plant will be present here. Within the scope of the Project it is envisaged that 1 each auxilary boiler with approx. 6.5 tons/h of steam flow rate is to be installed. Auxilary boiler, for which only natural gas will be used as fuel, has been so designed that its efficiency and productivity will be approx. 90%. Auxilary Boiler to be designed as to be used at the time of re-commissioning into the system after stopping the plant for any reason whatsoever. At the time of reactivating the Plant generation of steam at HRSG takes too much time, therefore auxilary boiler will be used for generating steam rapidly. Auxilary boiler which generates rapid steam during reactivation process will be shut down when the system starts operating regularly. This unit which shall not be used continuously has been designed only in order to shorten the time of reactivation of the plant and to make generation of energy much more productive. The Plant will be provided with 2 stacks for wastewater heating boiler and 1 stack for auxilary boiler from which flue gases will be discharged. In the Annex-6 of the Regulation on the Control of Industrial Air Pollution the Calorific/Thermal Power (Fuel Calorific/Thermal Power, Nominal Calorific/Thermal Power) is the main power value that has been found as the result of multiplication of amount of fuel burned at a burning/incinerating plant at a unit of time by the fuel lower calorific/thermal value, which has been given in units of kW or MW. It has been envisaged that amount of Natural Gas to be used at ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant under the Project is to be approx. 1.109 m3/year, fuel lower calorific value is to be 8,250 kcal/m3 and annual operating capacity is to be as 7500 hrs/year. Taking into consideration these information calculation of the plant nominal thermal power has been made as follows, and nominal calorific/thermal power has been calculated as 1279.3 MW. (1 MW = 859845.2 kcal/h) year year hour hour 211 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Emissions, reducing measures and their efficiencies, instruments and systems to be used for measurements (systems to be set up for instant-online- measurement and assessment of emissions of flue gases, operations to be performed fort the measurement of existing air quality): Natural Gas which is known as the type of cleanest fuel among fossil fuels will be used at the Power Plant under the Project. The most significant parameter among the air emissions that may arise due to burning of natural gas is the formations of NOx emissions. At Incineration facilities running with gas, specifically in gas turbines, NOx emissions basically depend upon formation of thermal NOx: Combustion of natural gas is not an important source of dust emission. Sulfur Oxide emissions are mostly originated from the existence of sulfur in the fuel. As the natural gas is a sulfur free gas, formation of SO2 originated from the Plant has not been expected. Carbon monoxide (CO) always appears as a by-product of the combustion process. In order to minimize CO emissions the best available technique is a complete burning operations which have been to be provided with the design of a good furnace, monitoring with high performance and operation control techniques, maintenance of the combustion system. Along with the conditions of burning, an advanced system in reducing NOx emissions shall ensure decrease of CO levels. Within the framework of the European Union Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive (IPPC) in the Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for Large Combustion Plants it has been indicated that dry low NOx pre-mixing burners (DLN) is the best available technique for reducing Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) in gas turbines, gas motors and gas driven steam boilers. In the same document among preventive technologies used in reducing NOx emissions water or steam injection, dry low NOx (DLN) technologies and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) are available. Within the scope of the said ESER NGCCPP dry low NOx burners shall be used. The basic feature of dry low NOx burners is the mixture of air and fuel and in both burning it occurs at two consecutive steps. Before burning air and fuel is mixed and then low flame level and a homogeneous distribution degree resulted in low NOx emissions are obtained. Today, dry low NOx Burners, specifically for gas turbines using natural gas, represent a technology which is set up well. In the following Figure 83 a schematic view of a typical DLN Combustion Chamber is provided. 212 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Figure 83. Schematic View of the DLN Combustion Chamber Dry low NOx burning systems are very efficient and reliable. Nowadays almost all industrial gas turbines are equipped with dry low NOx burning systems. Their investment costs are higher than approx. 15% and their maintenance costs are approx. 40% higher than those for non-DLN gas turbines. The following provisions are included in the Regulation on the Large Burning/Combustion Plants which entered into force and effect by publishing in the Official Gazette issue no. 27605 dated 08.06.2010: Article 18, Paragraph-1: “Operator measures SO2, NOx, CO, dust concentrations, parameters that their emission limit values are specified in all flue gases of each combustion facility by making non-stop measurements at the flue.” Article18, Paragraph – 2: “ As an exception to the circumstances referred in the Paragraph1 above, a continuous measurement is required under the following conditions: a) For Combustion/Burning Plants whose service life is less than 10.000 hours of service b) For SO2 and dust in boilers using natural gas, SO2 and dust in gas turbines using natural gas, c) For SO2 in gas turbines or boiler using Liquid Fuel with known sulfur content, but without flue gas purification facility, 213 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT d) For boilers using biomass, for SO2 in case of circumstances that the Operator proves that SO2 emissions shall not exceed the specified emission rates in any circumstances, e) In cases where non-stop measurement is unnecessary measurements are made in intervals at least semi-annually. In periodic measurements, standards which are found proper by the competent Authorities are used in order to determine content of pollutants as specified in the paragraph one and in the present paragraph. Article 18, paragraph-3 “Non-stop measurements carried out in accordance with the paragraph one, include content of oxygen from the relevant process operating parameters, temperature, pressure and water steam. If samples of exhaust gas are dried before measuring the emissions, then to continuously measure content of water steam is unnecessary.” On the strength of the said provisions HRSG Emission Stacks NOx and CO concentrations shall be measured by using continuously measuring instrument at the Stack/flue. The continuous measurements shall cover the oxygen content from the relevant process operating parameters, temperature, pressure and water steam. In relation with the emission limits of gaseous fuels the following provision is set forth in Article 7 of the Regulation on the Large Burning/Combustion Plants published and promulgated in the Official Gazette issue no. 27605 dated 08.06.2010: “ As mg/Nm3 at the Burning/Combustion Plants with gaseous fuel in the flue gas on the basis of 3% volumetric oxygen (O2 ) emission limit values as per Annex-3 cannot be exceeded.” and in Article-8 the following provision has been put forth in relation with the emission limits for gas turbines – “As mg/Nm3 at the gas turbines on the basis of 15% volumetric oxygen (O2 )in the flue gas emission limit values as per Annex-4 cannot be exceeded.” Only natural gas will be used as fuel under the scope of the Plant constituting subject of the project; emissions that may arise from the Plant shall meet the Regulation’s limit values as shown in the following Table 76. The NOx concentration originating from the gas turbine installed in the plant will be less than 50 mg/Nm3. Table 76. Regulation on the Large Combustion Plants – Emission Limit Values ANNEX related to the Regulation on Large Combustion Plants Annex-3, Emission Limit Values at Gaseous Fuel Combustion plants ( Fuel Emission Limit Values (mg/Nm3) Dust SO2 NO2(NO ve NO2) CO 5 35 100 100 - 11,7 50 100 Calorific power ≥300 MW) ( specify the % 3 O2) Annex-4, Emission Limit Values at gas turbines i (1) (specify the % 15 O2) (1) Emission limit values for NO2 are valid for the operating load over 70% according to ISO Requirements (288,15 K temperature, 101,3 kPa pressure and 60% relative humidity). Nevertheless, a) Gas Turbines used at composite heat and power systems whose aggregate efficiency is more than 75% b) Gas turbines which are used in the combined cycle power plants and whose average total electricity efficiency is more than 55% c) Gas turbines for mechanical drive Single cycle gas turbines which are not involved in none of the foregoing categories, but whose efficiency is more than 35% (to be determined according to the ISO basic load) 214 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 75 75 75 50*h/35 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT ESER NGCCPP project is subject to the Regulation on Permits and Licenses required to be obtained pursuant to the Law of Environment which was published and promulgated in the Official gazette Issue no. 27214 dated 29.04.2009, Annex-1 List of Activities or Facilities whose Polluting Impact on the Environment is high, 1.1.2. Plants whose combustion system total calorific value at plants burning gas heating power is 100 MW or more; therefore Environment Certificate of Permit shall be obtained under the scope of the Plant. The method used in the modeling system, description of the model, meteorological data to be used in the model (precipitation, wind, atmospheric stability/resolution, height of mixture, etc.), model inputs, results of model considering also worst-case scenario, indication of outputs obtained as the result of modeling on the land usage map, examination of effects of emissions to reach at Irmak District Urban Transformation Area located at north of the project area, Yahşihan District Center and Hacıbalı Village under the scope of meteorological data (predominant wind, etc.). Air quality modeling studies have been carried out by using AERMOD program on distribution of emissions emanating from the operation phase of the subject ESER NGCCPP. Distribution of pollutant emissions to be discharged to the atmosphere through any Stacks and their ambient air concentration values caused by them will be estimated by means of air distribution models. These models forecast how such pollutants will be distributed in the atmosphere by means of certain formula covering existing emission content/amount and the height at which such emissions discharged to the atmosphere, on the basis of meteorological conditions observed in the past at the area of examination. Pollutants’ movements and distributions in the air depend upon their rate of emission, heights of Stack and meteorological conditions, as well as the pollutants’ specific (physical, chemical, thermodynamic, etc.) features. Since the existing models have been used mostly for such general pollutants as particles, it takes into consideration some parts of these features. Majority of numerical models used for determination of distribution of pollutant emissions emanating from the source in the atmosphere are the modifications of Gauss (normal) distribution model developed for single or multi-dimensional dispersions. The basis of AERMOD model depends upon Gauss distribution equation; this equation has been used together with some modifications for the purpose of modeling of simple spot source emissions arising from Stacks, flue gas emissions leading to aerodynamic washing impacts caused by buildings close to the source, single or multiple gas outlets, storage activities creating pollution, mobile source emissions. AERMOD model has been using “hourly meteorological” data in order to define rising of pollutant cloud, movement and accumulation. This model forecasts concentration and accumulation quantities on the basis of source and component of receiver groups according to hourly meteorological data and calculates their short term averages required. In relation with sedimentation values the dry sedimentation speed or total sedimentation speed can be forecast. Total sedimentation velocity/speed represents total of dry and wet sedimentation velocities simply at any point of receiver group. 215 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Modeling inputs: 1. Plant information: 2 units of gas turbines of 270.7 MW capacity will be used in the plant in question. Thermal energy produced by burning the natural gas is turned to mechanical energy by using burning turbines, compressor and generators. Hot exhaust gas coming from gas turbine is sent to Heat Recovery Steam Generator to reuse it. There will be 2 units of Heat Recovery Steam Generator within the concept of the project. Each of the gas turbine is connected to separate generators and Heat Recovery Steam Generators. Exhaust gas produced in gas turbines will be taken to Heat Recovery Steam Generator to produce high pressure steam. Turbine exhaust gases will be used to produce pressurized steam in the 3 pressure sections of the Heat Recovery Steam Generator. The Stacks of the plant will be located here. It is foreseen to establish 1 unit of auxillary boiler of ca. 6.5 t/h steam flow within the concept of the project. The auxillary boiler using only natural gas as fuel to be designed as having the approximate productivity of 90 %. The auxillary boiler to be designed to reuse during connecting the same to the system after stopping the plant for any reason. The auxillary boiler will be used to produce fast steam since the production of steam in the Heat Recovery Steam Generators takes long time during putting the plant into use again. The auxillary boiler producing fast steam during putting the plant into use again will be switched off after having the system on a regular mode. This unit will not be used continuously. It has only been designed to shorten the time for putting the plant into operation and to make the energy production more productive. In the plant, there will be 2 units of Heat Recovery Steam Generator Stacks and 1 unit of auxillary boiler Stack to eliminate burning gases. The information regarding the plant Stacks used in the air quality modeling and the specification of burning gas are given in the following table 77. 216 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 77. The information regarding the plant Stacks and the specification of burning gas Heat Recovery Steam Generator Stack Auxillary boiler Stack Stack height (m) 75 15 Stack diameter (m) 5.5 0.75 Stack cross-section area (m2) 23.8 0.4 Flue gas speed (m/s) Volumetric flow of flue gas (m3/h) 31.2 5 2,673,216 7,200 Flue temperature (0C) 87 180 Flue temperature (0K) 360.15 453.15 1.32 1.66 Vg (Nm3)= Tg * (Vn/Tn) (m3) Volumetric flow of flue gas (Nm3/h) 2,025,164 4,337 Heat Recovery Steam Generator Stack Auxillary boiler Stack Emission Concentration limit Mass Emission Flow Mass Emission Mass Emission Flow Mass Emission value (mg/Nm3) (kg/h) Flow (g/s) (kg/h) Flow (g/s) CO 100 202.5 56.25 0.43 0.12 NOx 50 101.3 28.13 0.22 0.06 Emission Parameters The regulation regarding controlling the air pollution resulting from industry (IAPCR), Annex-4, Section a.1 Determining the Stack height and speed of plants subject to permission stipulates the following: "Flue gas speeds resulting from burning plants have to be given vertically to the atmosphere to be able to move the waste gases without hindrance by the free air current. Therefore, Stacks should be used. For the plants with nominal heat power over 500 kw the exhausting speed of gases through Stack should be at least 4 m/s." The flue gas speeds resulting from burning plants are ensuring the limit value of the mentioned regulation. Annex-4: Section b.3 Determining the Stack height and speed of plants subject to permission of the same regulation (IAPCR), stipulates the following: “For the plants with nominal heat power over 1.2 MW the Stack height should be determined according to the principles given below and by using abac." In the light of all of these data, the Stack height existing in the plant has been calculated by using abac and given below. The Stack height H can be found by the formula H= H' +J To be able to determine the H' value, abac calculation method will be used. The inputs used in the abac calculation are summarized as follows: 217 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 78. Abac calculation inputs Stack diameter (m) 5.5 Flue temperature (0C) 87 Volumetric flow of flue gas (Nm3/h) 2,025,164 Q S Q/S Mass Emission Flow (kg/h) Values kg/h CO 202.5 7.5 27.0 NOx-50 101.3 0.1 1012.6 The abac calculation has been made for NOx and CO parameters and the pollutant giving the highest Stack height value has been determined as Nox.The abac calculation made for the NOx is given below on the diagram 84. 35 m Figure 84. Abac calculation 218 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT As a result of abac drawing given above, the H' value has been calculated as 35 m. To be able to determine the J value, the diagram 85 given below will be used. The J' value required in the diagram is the average value of the rugged terrain of 10' radius from the ground level of the plant. The area of activity and surrounding elevations have been checked to be able to determine the J' value. Figure 74. Diagram to determine the J value From the diagram above the J value has been determined as 40 m. The Stack height H can be found by the formula H= H' +J. Accordingly, the H value has been determined as ca. 75 m. The Stack heights to be established within the concept of ESER NGCCPP of the project to be designed as 75 m equal to the limit value of the regulation. 2. Meteorological data: There is a need for 2 types of meteorological data files provided by AERMET which is the preprocessor of AERMOD meteorological data. One of the files contains the numeric surface parameter and the next one contains the vertical profile of meteorological data. To produce these files, meteorological data recorded by Kırıkkale Meteorological Station(Station No: 17135; latitude: 39.51 N; longitude: 33.31 E) of General Directorate for State Meteorological Affairs of 2004 have been used on the modeling work. These data contains the measurement of heat, wind speed and direction and pressure per hour and daily cloud heights and total cloud amount. Main level sounding data per hour has been received from Ankara Meteorological Station(Station No: 17130; latitude: 39.57 N; longitude: 32.53 E) of General Directorate for State Meteorological Affairs. 219 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The explanation of the parameters in surface and profile meteorological data provided ny AERMET folders are given below. H = Sensible heat flux (W/m2) u* = Surface friction velocity (m/s) w* = Convective velocity scale (m/s) VPTG = Potential temperature gradient in the 500 m layer above PBL Zic = Height of convectively-generated boundary layer (m) Zim = Height of mechanically-generated boundary layer (m) L = Monin-Obukhov length) (m) zo = Surface roughness length (m) Bo = Bowen ratio r = Albedo Ws = Wind speed (m/s) Wd = Wind direction (degrees) zref = Reference height for Ws and Wd (m) temp = Temperature (K) ztemp = Reference height for temperature (m) height = Measurement height (m) WDnn = Wind direction at the current level (degrees) WSnn = Wind speed at the current level (m/s) TTnn = Temperature at the current level (°C) Surface Roughness Length (m) : It is a coefficent indicating the impacts of surface roughness on mean wind speed and alteration of speed with height. Surface Roughness Length is calculated using the geometric mean weighted 1 km around measurement area, inversly proportional to distance and constants of Surface Roughness Length in AERMET User Guide and the value of Surface Roughness Length used within the scope of modelling study are given below. Water Surface Non-evergreen trees Needle leaved trees Marsh Plantation Pasture Urban Settlement Rural Settlement The Values used within the scope of modelling study Spring 0.0001 1 1.3 0.20 0.03 0.05 1 0.30 Summer 0.0001 1.3 1.3 0.20 0.20 0.1 1 0.30 Autumn 0.0001 0.8 1.3 0.20 0.05 0.01 1 0.30 Winter 0.0001 0.5 1.3 0.05 0.01 0.001 1 0.15 1.000 1.003 0.998 0.993 220 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Bowen Ratio: Bowen Ratio is a measurment of moisture on surface. The moisture on earth cause alteration of energy balance and so alteration of sensible heat flux and Monin-Obukhovlenght.Bowen Ratio is calculated using the geometric mean weighed 10 x 10 km around measurement point and the bowen ratios in AERMET User Guide and the bowen ratios used within the scope of modelling study are given below. Dry Conditions Water Surface Non-evergreen trees Needle leaved trees Marsh Plantation Pasture Urban Settlement Rural Settlement Mean Water Surface Non-evergreen trees Needle leaved trees Marsh Plantation Pasture Urban Settlement Rural Settlement Wet Conditions Water Surface Non-evergreen trees Needle leaved trees Marsh Plantation Pasture Urban Settlement Rural Settlement The Values used within the scope of modelling study Spring 0.1 1.5 1.5 0.2 1.0 1.0 2.0 5.0 Summer 0.1 0.6 0.6 0.2 1.5 2.0 4.0 6.0 Autumn 0.1 2.0 1.5 0.2 2.0 2.0 4.0 10.0 Winter 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 10.0 0.1 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.4 1.0 3.0 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.8 2.0 4.0 0.1 1.0 0.8 0.1 0.7 1.0 2.0 6.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 6.0 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 1.0 1.5 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.5 1.0 2.0 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.0 1.10 1.63 2.01 2.27 Albedo: Albedo is the scattering part of sunlight without being absorbed on earth. It is calculated using the geometric mean weighted around 10 x 10 km of Albedo measurement point and Albedo constants in AERMET User Guide and the value of albedo used within the scope of modelling study are given below. Dry Conditions Water Surface Non-evergreen trees Needle leaved trees Marsh Plantation Pasture Urban Settlement Rural Settlement The Values used within the scope of modelling study Spring 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.14 0.18 0.14 0.30 Summer 0.10 0.12 0.12 0.14 0.20 0.18 0.16 0.28 Autumn 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.18 0.28 Winter 0.20 0.50 0.35 0.30 0.60 0.60 0.35 0.45 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.08 221 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT To chose the data year which will be used in Air Quality Modelling Study, Kırıkkale Meteorological Station Long Years (1975-2010) was compered with Kırıkkale Meteorological Station last 10 years meteorological data. Wind blowing numbers are given below according to the monitoring records of Kırıkkale Meteorological Station Long Years (1975-2010). Table 7. Wind blowing numbers according to the monitoring records of Kırıkkale Meteorological Station Long Years (1975-2010). Wind Direction Months January February March April May June July Toplam August September October November December N 505 602 558 457 638 948 942 737 735 654 504 408 7688 NNE 774 716 817 753 1025 1498 2245 1710 1144 1036 770 691 13179 NE 2285 2334 2995 2425 3375 3951 5404 5403 4052 3418 2418 2310 40370 ENE 2389 2410 2741 2470 3317 3622 4642 4869 3885 3937 2849 2703 39834 E 2009 1770 2229 1850 2235 2043 2253 2561 2558 2388 2423 1991 26310 ESE 640 560 562 504 571 654 572 611 645 524 573 519 6935 SE 666 500 533 456 692 483 521 401 564 690 529 771 6806 SSE 611 369 299 377 302 240 167 181 270 329 345 502 3992 S 1233 966 997 909 611 458 350 289 429 571 803 873 8489 SSW 2665 2420 2172 2274 1440 731 417 431 807 1298 1958 2516 19129 SW 3784 3028 3029 3066 2226 1287 870 850 1239 1596 2255 3574 26804 WSW 1251 1345 1602 1863 1567 1177 600 586 1091 1346 1402 1460 15290 W 1057 1179 1329 1704 1442 1218 891 732 987 972 917 889 13317 WNW 334 402 574 625 638 799 515 475 718 590 457 496 6623 NW 331 472 486 504 489 688 659 656 555 340 319 320 5819 NNW 339 450 499 419 494 786 690 555 535 328 476 419 5990 Table 8. Total number of wind blowing according to Kırıkkale Meteorological Station last 10 years Monitoring Records 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 N 241 222 294 291 505 403 102 1477 1490 1714 NNE 452 386 596 1167 902 1033 151 2875 2551 3378 NE 1117 1105 1522 1585 1626 1689 283 7608 6998 8617 ENE 1538 1318 1730 1180 1037 1034 390 9312 8863 9486 E 1026 1004 753 405 470 312 389 6554 7183 5219 ESE 313 385 359 178 212 239 263 3511 3469 2574 SE 197 264 173 161 173 238 146 1856 1334 1598 SSE 120 302 148 221 188 195 117 1208 1050 1243 S 278 319 129 415 698 651 136 1776 1809 2189 SSW 887 846 656 934 751 745 254 3495 4402 4695 SW 985 940 921 592 587 678 369 4295 4895 6220 WSW 553 526 567 604 563 529 187 3190 2978 3961 W 500 504 288 362 478 420 110 1990 1749 2542 WNW 274 307 301 213 191 201 82 1477 1695 1747 NW 121 127 120 151 149 197 80 803 919 1055 NNW 157 198 202 322 229 194 71 740 824 988 222 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The year of 2004, representing long years meteorological data, was selected to be used in Air Quality Modelling Study and the data which belongs to this year was used. 1st prevailing wind direction is Northeast (NE), 2nd prevailing wind direction is East Norteast (ENE) and 3rd prevailing wind direction is Southwest (SW). 3. Receiving environment net and topography: The changes in the environmental and social elements of a project which are to be expected directly or indirectly, in short or long run, provisory or permanently, in positive or negative direction during its preparation, construction and operation period or after its operation are being called as project impacts and the area where such impacts are being observed is being called as project impact area. During determination of project impact area, the description of plant impact area and the topography in the nearest settlement areas, project area and its surrounding have been taken into consideration which is mentioned in the regulation for the control of air pollution as a result of industry (IAPCR). The area which is 50(fifty) fold of radius of Stack heights determined according to elements of IAPCR Annex-4 is the impact area of the plant. Accordingly, since the height of emission Stacks is 75 m, an area of 3.750 m radius should be chosen as impact area. Taking into consideration the project area and surrounding topography and the position of nearest settlement centers, the broader area of 11 km x 11 km surrounding the activity area has been chosen as plant impact area. It has been given in the Figure 86 below. The topographic map of 1/25.000 scale where impact area is marked is given in the annex (see the Annex-1). 223 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Figure 86. Project impact area During distribution modeling of air quality, an area of 15 km x 15 km has been chosen as working area of modeling to show the distribution in a broader area. The side lengths of working area in question as shown in the following Figure 87 have been divided into grids of 0.5 km. In this way, checking areas with side lengths of 0.5 km have been established and cornet points of grids have been assessed as receptors. As seen here, 961 units of reception environment points have been taken into consideration during modeling activities. Besides points in question, the nearest settlement areas like Hacıbalı village, Irmak municipality, Kılıçlar municipality and Yahşihan County, Irmak municipality urban development area, mass housing project area and field house in proximity of activity area as well have been taken into consideration and included to the modeling activity. Their coordination data has been given in the table 79 below. There is not any permanent resident in the field house included in the modeling. It is being used temporarily. 224 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Figure 87. Modeling Receptor Points (Grid and divded receptors) 225 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 79. Coordinates of settlement areas included in the modeling activity. Order Settlement area Its position according to Its ca. distance to the project area project area(m) x y z Hacıbalı Village Northeast 2.000 537268 4419321 708 2 Irmak Municipality Northwest 3.000 533288 4420664 702 3 Irmak Municipality – Urban West 4.100 530873 4418253 707 Northwest 3.000 532253 4419045 772 Northwest 4.000 534268 4421987 720 No 1 development area (on the Kılıçlar road - South-southwest of Irmak) 4 Irmak Municipality-Urban development area (southwest of Irmak) 5 Irmak Municipality-Urban development area (Northeast of Irmak) 6 Mass housing project area Northeast 1.800 536366 4419557 688 7 Field house North 200 534987 4418091 692 8 Kılıçlar Municipality Southwest 5.000 530614 4415312 729 9 Yahşihan Municipality Southeast 6.000 538946 4413223 762 10 Kırıkkale Southeast 8.000 541693 4411996 758 4. Alternative scenarios: During air quality modeling executed within the project concept, alternative scenarios have been worked on for different situations to evaluate distribution of NO2 emissions in the atmosphere. Each of the alternative scenarios has been formed for most poor conditions. It has been deemed that emissions were distributed in the atmosphere under following conditions: - Emissions resulted from the plant are on maximal level Pollutants without being subjected to humid or dry sedimentation Pollutants without being subjected to any chemical reaction in the atmosphere (Without being any decrease in the pollutant concentrations). 1. Alternative Senerio (only Eser NGCCPP) : Only the distribution modeling of flue gas emissions resulted from ESER NGCCPP (The auxiliary boiler is out of operation). Moreover, it is a model of stack gas emmisions generated when operation is started again and preheating boiler works. 226 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 2. Alternative Senerio (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP) : It is the cumulative assessment and distribution modeling of flue gas emissions resulting from Kırıkkale combined natural gas cycle power plant of GAP Petrol Gaz Ith. Ve Ihr. Pzr. San. ve Tic. AŞ located at a distance of ca. 6.5 km in the northeast of ESER NGCCPP (all emission sources) sources and project area. The information regarding the Kırıkkale combined natural gas cycle power plant of GAP Petrol Gaz Ith. Ve Ihr. Pzr. San. ve Tic. AŞ has been taken from relative Report regarding Evaluation of Environmental Impact prepared for the plant in question. The information used in the air quality modeling is as follows: Table 80. Plant Stack data and characteristics of burning gas Stack data* Stack height (m) 80 Stack diameter (m) 7 Flue gas speed (m/s) 18.85 Flue temperature (0C) 92.34 Emission Parameters Mass Emission Flow (kg/h) Mass Emission Flow (g/s) CO 22 6.22 NOx 55 15.32 * There are 3 Stacks in the power plant. The data is valid for each of the Stack. 3. Alternative Senerio (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP, Kırıkkale NGCCPP and Roads) : 15 km away from the Project area there is Ankara-Kırıkkale Highway. NOx emmisions originated from vehicles on the way in question, were added to the modelling studies and evaluated cululatively. 227 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Figure 88. Setelitte Image-1 228 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Traffic load on the way in question is obtained from Traffic Volume Map of Highways And State Road (2010) taken from General Directorate of Highways. The part of the map in question, closed to Project area, is given below. Highways Highways under construction Multilane State Roads Province Roads Province Border KGM Region Border City Center 1120 Automobiles 276 Medium Commercial Vechile 100 Bus 547 Truck 24 Truck + Trailer, Wrecker + Semitrailer 2067 Total Continous Traffic Counting and Classification Station Mobile Traffic Counting and Classification Station Estimation Highway Toll Both Information Figure 89 . Traffic Volume Map of Highways and State Road (2010) While determining NOx mass flow value, Ankara-Kırıkkale Highway in Project impact area is analysed in 3 parts as can be seen on Traffic Volume Map above. The mass flow valuegenerated on the road that is in North of Project area is defined as (YolN), the mass flow value generated on the road that is in east of Project area is defined as (YolE) and the mass flow value generated on the road that is in southeast of Project area is defined as (YolSE). The calculation of NOx emmisions mass flow originating from vehicles were done based on U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reference values and EPA reference value is given below. Vehicle distribution data with respect to model years in Turkey was obtained from Turkish Statistical Institude (TUİK) and TUİK data was used in the calculations to determine emmissions originating from traffic. All inputs in mass flow calculation and mass flow calculation is given below. 229 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 1. Mass Flow Value (YolN) Table 81. YolN Mass Flow Value Calculation Percentage of vehicle according to model years, 1981-2011 (TUIK) Model years Medium Automobile Commercial Vehicle Bus Truck Truck, Trailer, Wrecker, Semi-Trailer Distribution according to model years Medium Automobile Commercial Vehicle Bus Truck Truck, Trailer, Wrecker, Semi-Trailer 1981 5.20 6.61 6.56 14.32 36.07 807.48 85.20 61.67 399.15 552.54 1982 0.43 0.27 0.62 1.59 2.13 66.29 3.51 5.82 44.44 32.68 1983 0.54 0.39 1.23 1.70 2.09 83.16 5.07 11.59 47.46 32.04 1984 0.71 0.47 1.17 1.78 2.75 109.76 6.05 11.00 49.70 42.06 1985 0.88 0.56 1.11 2.01 2.15 135.83 7.26 10.45 56.02 32.87 1986 1.15 0.58 1.29 1.96 1.86 178.22 7.42 12.13 54.52 28.50 1987 1.46 0.54 1.05 1.55 2.41 226.41 6.97 9.91 43.14 36.98 1988 1.68 0.48 1.06 1.76 2.18 260.25 6.19 9.94 48.97 33.36 1989 1.51 0.45 1.18 1.38 1.24 234.10 5.79 11.08 38.35 19.02 1990 2.73 0.76 1.97 2.09 2.03 423.30 9.75 18.56 58.28 31.04 1991 2.55 0.85 1.92 1.79 1.48 395.46 10.91 18.02 49.95 22.72 1992 3.73 1.24 2.64 2.66 1.59 579.30 15.97 24.80 74.10 24.32 1993 5.18 1.94 3.41 3.57 2.11 804.21 24.99 32.02 99.62 32.26 1994 4.49 1.65 2.18 2.47 2.11 696.88 21.21 20.49 68.92 32.27 1995 2.72 0.88 1.34 1.96 2.42 422.16 11.37 12.61 54.75 37.08 1996 3.08 1.91 2.12 3.35 3.26 477.46 24.65 19.97 93.43 49.99 1997 3.74 3.57 3.49 5.20 3.70 579.63 46.02 32.79 144.92 56.71 1998 4.73 4.83 3.90 5.93 4.04 733.25 62.29 36.66 165.26 61.94 1999 3.44 3.44 2.99 2.72 2.61 533.10 44.39 28.14 75.88 39.94 2000 5.10 3.96 3.98 3.21 1.75 791.48 50.98 37.45 89.35 26.76 2001 4.23 3.52 3.25 2.79 1.70 655.69 45.34 30.57 77.64 26.08 2002 1.20 1.32 1.05 1.07 0.56 186.17 17.03 9.88 29.77 8.52 2003 1.94 2.57 1.94 1.78 0.86 300.56 33.14 18.25 49.66 13.23 2004 5.59 7.51 5.65 4.67 2.15 867.08 96.80 53.15 130.28 32.97 2005 2006 5.16 8.56 6.15 4.84 2.40 801.18 110.35 57.81 134.95 36.81 5.81 9.68 8.16 6.21 3.22 901.38 124.78 76.69 173.20 49.29 2007 3.95 7.34 6.87 4.63 2.61 612.40 94.55 64.54 128.95 39.97 2008 5.05 8.08 8.74 4.33 2.49 783.03 104.14 82.15 120.74 38.13 2009 4.09 5.82 6.54 3.20 1.11 634.45 75.01 61.52 89.17 16.97 2010 5.01 6.43 3.00 1.68 1.63 777.44 82.88 28.24 46.74 25.00 2011 2.97 3.80 3.42 1.78 1.30 460.89 48.99 32.11 49.69 19.93 Total Vehicle Number (KGM) 15518 1289 940 2787 1532 230 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 15518 1289 940 2787 1532 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 81 Cont’d. Emmission Factors (g/mil) (EPA) Model years Medium Commercial Automobile Vehicle Otobüs Truct Mass Flow Values Originating from Traffic Truck, Medium Trailer, Commercial Wrecker, Automobile Vehicle Semi-Trailer Bus Truck Truck, Trailer, Wrecker, SemiTrailer 1981 3.05 2.12 2.11 20.08 20.08 0.42 0.03 0.02 1.37 1.90 1982 3.00 2.12 2.11 17.73 17.73 0.03 0.001 0.002 0.14 0.10 1983 3.00 2.14 2.12 17.01 17.01 0.04 0.002 0.004 0.14 0.09 1984 3.35 2.20 2.15 17.91 17.91 0.06 0.002 0.004 0.15 0.13 1985 2.95 2.64 2.37 16.51 16.51 0.07 0.003 0.004 0.16 0.09 1986 3.05 2.66 2.38 16.51 16.51 0.09 0.003 0.005 0.15 0.08 1987 2.95 2.66 2.38 16.17 16.17 0.11 0.003 0.004 0.12 0.10 1988 2.20 2.30 2.00 15.81 15.81 0.10 0.002 0.003 0.13 0.09 1989 2.15 2.26 1.98 15.81 15.81 0.09 0.002 0.004 0.10 0.05 1990 2.00 2.12 1.86 9.44 9.44 0.15 0.004 0.01 0.09 0.05 1991 2.65 2.10 1.85 7.83 7.83 0.18 0.004 0.01 0.07 0.03 1992 2.60 2.08 1.84 7.83 7.83 0.26 0.01 0.01 0.10 0.03 1993 2.55 2.06 1.83 7.83 7.83 0.35 0.01 0.01 0.13 0.04 1994 2.45 2.00 1.80 7.83 7.83 0.29 0.01 0.01 0.09 0.04 1995 2.30 1.94 1.77 7.82 7.82 0.17 0.004 0.004 0.07 0.05 1996 2.25 1.90 1.75 7.82 7.82 0.18 0.01 0.01 0.13 0.07 1997 2.15 1.88 1.74 7.82 7.82 0.21 0.01 0.01 0.19 0.08 1998 2.05 1.76 1.63 6.21 6.21 0.26 0.02 0.01 0.18 0.07 1999 1.95 1.74 1.62 6.21 6.21 0.18 0.01 0.01 0.08 0.04 2000 1.85 1.70 1.60 6.20 6.20 0.25 0.01 0.01 0.10 0.03 2001 1.80 1.68 1.59 6.20 6.20 0.20 0.01 0.01 0.08 0.03 2002 1.65 1.64 1.57 6.19 6.19 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.01 2003 1.55 1.52 1.46 6.19 6.19 0.08 0.01 0.00 0.05 0.01 2004 1.45 1.48 1.44 6.19 6.19 0.22 0.02 0.01 0.14 0.04 2005 2006 1.30 1.44 1.42 6.18 6.18 0.18 0.03 0.01 0.14 0.04 1.15 1.30 1.30 6.18 6.18 0.18 0.03 0.02 0.18 0.05 2007 1.05 1.26 1.28 6.17 6.17 0.11 0.02 0.01 0.14 0.04 2008 0.90 1.12 1.16 6.17 6.17 0.12 0.02 0.02 0.13 0.04 2009 0.80 1.10 1.15 6.16 6.16 0.09 0.01 0.01 0.09 0.02 2010 0.70 0.98 1.04 6.15 6.15 0.09 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.03 2011 0.60 0.96 1.03 6.15 6.15 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 Toptal Mass Flow Values kg/sa Road Lenght (m) 6625 Total Mass Flow Value g/sn 231 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 4.87 0.34 0.25 3.82 4.79 3.50 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 2. Mass Flow Value (YolE) Table 82. YolE Mass Flow Value Calculation Percentage of vehicle according to model years, 1981-2011 (TUIK) Model years Medium Commercial Automobile Vehicle Otobüs Truct Distribution according to model years Truck, Medium Trailer, Commercial Wrecker, Automobile Vehicle Semi-Trailer Otobüs Truct Truck, Trailer, Wrecker, Semi-Trailer 1981 5.20 6.61 6.56 14.32 36.07 408.84 36.29 36.48 207.53 312.70 1982 0.43 0.27 0.62 1.59 2.13 33.56 1.49 3.44 23.10 18.49 1983 0.54 0.39 1.23 1.70 2.09 42.11 2.16 6.86 24.68 18.13 1984 0.71 0.47 1.17 1.78 2.75 55.57 2.58 6.50 25.84 23.80 1985 0.88 0.56 1.11 2.01 2.15 68.77 3.09 6.18 29.13 18.60 1986 1.15 0.58 1.29 1.96 1.86 90.24 3.16 7.18 28.35 16.13 1987 1.46 0.54 1.05 1.55 2.41 114.64 2.97 5.86 22.43 20.93 1988 1.68 0.48 1.06 1.76 2.18 131.77 2.64 5.88 25.46 18.88 1989 1.51 0.45 1.18 1.38 1.24 118.53 2.47 6.55 19.94 10.77 1990 2.73 0.76 1.97 2.09 2.03 214.32 4.15 10.98 30.30 17.57 1991 2.55 0.85 1.92 1.79 1.48 200.23 4.65 10.66 25.97 12.86 1992 3.73 1.24 2.64 2.66 1.59 293.31 6.80 14.67 38.52 13.77 1993 5.18 1.94 3.41 3.57 2.11 407.18 10.64 18.94 51.79 18.25 1994 4.49 1.65 2.18 2.47 2.11 352.84 9.03 12.12 35.83 18.26 1995 2.72 0.88 1.34 1.96 2.42 213.75 4.84 7.46 28.47 20.99 1996 3.08 1.91 2.12 3.35 3.26 241.75 10.50 11.81 48.58 28.29 1997 3.74 3.57 3.49 5.20 3.70 293.47 19.60 19.39 75.34 32.10 1998 4.73 4.83 3.90 5.93 4.04 371.26 26.53 21.68 85.92 35.06 1999 3.44 3.44 2.99 2.72 2.61 269.92 18.91 16.64 39.45 22.60 2000 5.10 3.96 3.98 3.21 1.75 400.74 21.71 22.15 46.45 15.14 2001 4.23 3.52 3.25 2.79 1.70 331.98 19.31 18.08 40.37 14.76 2002 1.20 1.32 1.05 1.07 0.56 94.26 7.25 5.85 15.48 4.82 2003 1.94 2.57 1.94 1.78 0.86 152.18 14.11 10.80 25.82 7.49 2004 5.59 7.51 5.65 4.67 2.15 439.02 41.23 31.44 67.73 18.66 2005 2006 5.16 8.56 6.15 4.84 2.40 405.65 47.00 34.20 70.16 20.83 5.81 9.68 8.16 6.21 3.22 456.38 53.14 45.36 90.05 27.89 2007 3.95 7.34 6.87 4.63 2.61 310.07 40.27 38.18 67.04 22.62 2008 5.05 8.08 8.74 4.33 2.49 396.46 44.35 48.59 62.77 21.58 2009 4.09 5.82 6.54 3.20 1.11 321.23 31.95 36.39 46.36 9.60 2010 5.01 6.43 3.00 1.68 1.63 393.63 35.30 16.70 24.30 14.15 2011 2.97 3.80 3.42 1.78 1.30 233.35 20.86 18.99 25.84 11.28 Total Vehicle Number (KGM) 7857 549 556 1449 867 232 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 7857 549 556 1449 867 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 82 Cont’d.: Emmission Factors (g/mil) (EPA) Model years Medium Commercial Automobile Vehicle Mass Flow Values Originating from Traffic Otobüs Truct Truck, Trailer, Wrecker, SemiTrailer Medium Commercial Automobile Vehicle Otobüs Truct Truck, Trailer, Wrecker, Semi-Trailer 1981 3.05 2.12 2.11 20.08 20.08 0.42 0.03 0.03 1.40 2.11 1982 3.00 2.12 2.11 17.73 17.73 0.03 0.001 0.002 0.14 0.11 1983 3.00 2.14 2.12 17.01 17.01 0.04 0.002 0.005 0.14 0.10 1984 3.35 2.20 2.15 17.91 17.91 0.06 0.002 0.005 0.16 0.14 1985 2.95 2.64 2.37 16.51 16.51 0.07 0.003 0.005 0.16 0.10 1986 3.05 2.66 2.38 16.51 16.51 0.09 0.003 0.01 0.16 0.09 1987 2.95 2.66 2.38 16.17 16.17 0.11 0.003 0.005 0.12 0.11 1988 2.20 2.30 2.00 15.81 15.81 0.10 0.002 0.004 0.13 0.10 1989 2.15 2.26 1.98 15.81 15.81 0.09 0.002 0.004 0.11 0.06 1990 2.00 2.12 1.86 9.44 9.44 0.14 0.003 0.01 0.10 0.06 1991 2.65 2.10 1.85 7.83 7.83 0.18 0.003 0.01 0.07 0.03 1992 2.60 2.08 1.84 7.83 7.83 0.26 0.005 0.01 0.10 0.04 1993 2.55 2.06 1.83 7.83 7.83 0.35 0.01 0.01 0.14 0.05 1994 2.45 2.00 1.80 7.83 7.83 0.29 0.01 0.01 0.09 0.05 1995 2.30 1.94 1.77 7.82 7.82 0.16 0.00 0.004 0.07 0.06 1996 2.25 1.90 1.75 7.82 7.82 0.18 0.01 0.01 0.13 0.07 1997 2.15 1.88 1.74 7.82 7.82 0.21 0.01 0.01 0.20 0.08 1998 2.05 1.76 1.63 6.21 6.21 0.26 0.02 0.01 0.18 0.07 1999 1.95 1.74 1.62 6.21 6.21 0.18 0.01 0.01 0.08 0.05 2000 1.85 1.70 1.60 6.20 6.20 0.25 0.01 0.01 0.10 0.03 2001 1.80 1.68 1.59 6.20 6.20 0.20 0.01 0.01 0.08 0.03 2002 1.65 1.64 1.57 6.19 6.19 0.05 0.004 0.003 0.03 0.01 2003 1.55 1.52 1.46 6.19 6.19 0.08 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 2004 1.45 1.48 1.44 6.19 6.19 0.21 0.02 0.02 0.14 0.04 2005 2006 1.30 1.44 1.42 6.18 6.18 0.18 0.02 0.02 0.15 0.04 1.15 1.30 1.30 6.18 6.18 0.18 0.02 0.02 0.19 0.06 2007 1.05 1.26 1.28 6.17 6.17 0.11 0.02 0.02 0.14 0.05 2008 0.90 1.12 1.16 6.17 6.17 0.12 0.02 0.02 0.13 0.04 2009 0.80 1.10 1.15 6.16 6.16 0.09 0.01 0.01 0.10 0.02 2010 0.70 0.98 1.04 6.15 6.15 0.09 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.03 2011 0.60 0.96 1.03 6.15 6.15 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 Total Mass Flow Values kg/sa Road Lenght (m) 12950 Total Mass Flow Value g/sn 233 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 4.82 0.28 0.29 3.93 4.87 3.87 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 3. Mass Flow Value (YolSE) Table 83. YolSE Mass Flow Value Calculation Percentage of vehicle according to model years, 1981-2011 (TUIK) Model years Medium Commercial Automobile Vehicle Otobüs Truct Distribution according to model years Truck, Medium Trailer, Commercial Wrecker, Automobile Vehicle Semi-Trailer Otobüs Truct Truck, Trailer, Wrecker, Semi-Trailer 1981 5.20 6.61 6.56 14.32 36.07 952.14 57.51 71.58 421.35 687.79 1982 0.43 0.27 0.62 1.59 2.13 78.16 2.37 6.75 46.91 40.68 1983 0.54 0.39 1.23 1.70 2.09 98.06 3.42 13.45 50.10 39.88 1984 0.71 0.47 1.17 1.78 2.75 129.42 4.08 12.76 52.46 52.36 1985 0.88 0.56 1.11 2.01 2.15 160.16 4.90 12.13 59.14 40.91 1986 1.15 0.58 1.29 1.96 1.86 210.15 5.01 14.08 57.55 35.48 1987 1.46 0.54 1.05 1.55 2.41 266.97 4.70 11.51 45.54 46.03 1988 1.68 0.48 1.06 1.76 2.18 306.88 4.18 11.54 51.70 41.53 1989 1.51 0.45 1.18 1.38 1.24 276.04 3.91 12.86 40.48 23.68 1990 2.73 0.76 1.97 2.09 2.03 499.14 6.58 21.54 61.52 38.64 1991 2.55 0.85 1.92 1.79 1.48 466.30 7.37 20.91 52.72 28.28 1992 3.73 1.24 2.64 2.66 1.59 683.07 10.78 28.79 78.22 30.28 1993 5.18 1.94 3.41 3.57 2.11 948.28 16.87 37.16 105.16 40.15 1994 4.49 1.65 2.18 2.47 2.11 821.73 14.32 23.78 72.75 40.17 1995 2.72 0.88 1.34 1.96 2.42 497.79 7.68 14.63 57.80 46.16 1996 3.08 1.91 2.12 3.35 3.26 563.00 16.64 23.17 98.63 62.22 1997 3.74 3.57 3.49 5.20 3.70 683.46 31.06 38.05 152.98 70.60 1998 4.73 4.83 3.90 5.93 4.04 864.61 42.04 42.55 174.46 77.11 1999 3.44 3.44 2.99 2.72 2.61 628.61 29.96 32.66 80.10 49.72 2000 5.10 3.96 3.98 3.21 1.75 933.27 34.41 43.47 94.32 33.31 2001 4.23 3.52 3.25 2.79 1.70 773.15 30.60 35.48 81.96 32.47 2002 1.20 1.32 1.05 1.07 0.56 219.52 11.49 11.47 31.43 10.60 2003 1.94 2.57 1.94 1.78 0.86 354.41 22.36 21.19 52.42 16.46 2004 5.59 7.51 5.65 4.67 2.15 1022.41 65.33 61.68 137.52 41.04 2005 2006 5.16 8.56 6.15 4.84 2.40 944.71 74.48 67.10 142.46 45.83 5.81 9.68 8.16 6.21 3.22 1062.86 84.22 89.01 182.83 61.35 2007 3.95 7.34 6.87 4.63 2.61 722.11 63.82 74.91 136.12 49.76 2008 5.05 8.08 8.74 4.33 2.49 923.31 70.29 95.35 127.45 47.46 2009 4.09 5.82 6.54 3.20 1.11 748.11 50.62 71.40 94.13 21.12 2010 5.01 6.43 3.00 1.68 1.63 916.71 55.94 32.78 49.34 31.12 2011 2.97 3.80 3.42 1.78 1.30 543.45 33.06 37.26 52.46 24.81 Total Vehicle Number (KGM) 18298 870 1091 2942 1907 234 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 18298 870 1091 2942 1907 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 83 Cont’d: Emmission Factors (g/mil) (EPA) Model years Medium Commercial Automobile Vehicle Mass Flow Values Originating from Traffic Otobüs Truct Truck, Trailer, Wrecker, SemiTrailer Medium Commercial Automobile Vehicle Otobüs Truct Truck, Trailer, Wrecker, Semi-Trailer 1981 3.05 2.12 2.11 20.08 20.08 0.17 0.01 0.01 0.50 0.82 1982 3.00 2.12 2.11 17.73 17.73 0.01 0.0003 0.001 0.05 0.04 1983 3.00 2.14 2.12 17.01 17.01 0.02 0.0004 0.002 0.05 0.04 1984 3.35 2.20 2.15 17.91 17.91 0.03 0.001 0.002 0.06 0.06 1985 2.95 2.64 2.37 16.51 16.51 0.03 0.001 0.002 0.06 0.04 1986 3.05 2.66 2.38 16.51 16.51 0.04 0.001 0.002 0.06 0.03 1987 2.95 2.66 2.38 16.17 16.17 0.05 0.001 0.002 0.04 0.04 1988 2.20 2.30 2.00 15.81 15.81 0.04 0.001 0.001 0.05 0.04 1989 2.15 2.26 1.98 15.81 15.81 0.04 0.001 0.002 0.04 0.02 1990 2.00 2.12 1.86 9.44 9.44 0.06 0.001 0.002 0.03 0.02 1991 2.65 2.10 1.85 7.83 7.83 0.07 0.001 0.002 0.02 0.01 1992 2.60 2.08 1.84 7.83 7.83 0.11 0.001 0.003 0.04 0.01 1993 2.55 2.06 1.83 7.83 7.83 0.14 0.002 0.004 0.05 0.02 1994 2.45 2.00 1.80 7.83 7.83 0.12 0.002 0.003 0.03 0.02 1995 2.30 1.94 1.77 7.82 7.82 0.07 0.001 0.002 0.03 0.02 1996 2.25 1.90 1.75 7.82 7.82 0.08 0.002 0.002 0.05 0.03 1997 2.15 1.88 1.74 7.82 7.82 0.09 0.003 0.004 0.07 0.03 1998 2.05 1.76 1.63 6.21 6.21 0.11 0.004 0.004 0.06 0.03 1999 1.95 1.74 1.62 6.21 6.21 0.07 0.003 0.003 0.03 0.02 2000 1.85 1.70 1.60 6.20 6.20 0.10 0.003 0.004 0.03 0.01 2001 1.80 1.68 1.59 6.20 6.20 0.08 0.003 0.003 0.03 0.01 2002 1.65 1.64 1.57 6.19 6.19 0.02 0.001 0.001 0.01 0.004 2003 1.55 1.52 1.46 6.19 6.19 0.03 0.002 0.002 0.02 0.01 2004 1.45 1.48 1.44 6.19 6.19 0.09 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 2005 2006 1.30 1.44 1.42 6.18 6.18 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 1.15 1.30 1.30 6.18 6.18 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.07 0.02 2007 1.05 1.26 1.28 6.17 6.17 0.05 0.005 0.01 0.05 0.02 2008 0.90 1.12 1.16 6.17 6.17 0.05 0.005 0.01 0.05 0.02 2009 0.80 1.10 1.15 6.16 6.16 0.04 0.003 0.005 0.03 0.01 2010 0.70 0.98 1.04 6.15 6.15 0.04 0.003 0.002 0.02 0.01 2011 0.60 0.96 1.03 6.15 6.15 0.02 0.002 0.002 0.02 0.01 Total Mass Flow Values kg/sa Road Lenght (m) 2305 Total Mass Flow Value g/sn 235 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 2.00 0.08 0.10 1.52 1.76 1.52 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 4.Alternative Senerio (For Alternative – 2 NGCCPP) Worst Case Modelling) : (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale Worst case is the virtual case that wind speed is 0.1 m/sn and mixing height is accepted as effective stact height. Worst case modelling was done with all emmission source data in Alternative-2 showing cumulative effects. 5. The results of air quality distribution modeling To determine the level of NOx pollution in the ESER NGCCPP project area and in its environment which is the subject of the project, an area of 11 km x 11 km in the surrounding of activity area has been chosen by Çınar Environmental Measurement and Analysis Lab as project impact area. Passive sampling has been carried out on 10 points in the impact area in question to determine the current situation. Sampling results are taken and provided in below Table 46. Result of analysis is given in the appendix (See Appendix-16). In looking air quality sampling results, the highest NO2 concentration is found in the point nearby Yahşihan Municipality with the value of 21,87 µg/m3 . Table 46. The results of air quality sampling (µg/m3) 1. Period Order Point Name No NO2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Nearby Project Area Nearby Project Area-Field House Mass Housing Project Area Hacıbalı Village Yahşihan Municipality Kılıçlar Municipality Irmak Municipality Urban Developmen t Area Irmak Municipality 2. Period NO2 NOx NO 3. Period NO2 NOx NOx NO 9,23 * * 8,94 11,81 2,87 6,88 7,45 11,47 4,01 8,37 11,64 3,27 15,11 12,96 < LOD 13,90 15,97 15,42 17,28 1,86 14,70 21,87 25,88 4,01 6,88 17,00 9,23 AVERAGE NOx NO NO NO2 12,10 5,22 8,35 11,96 4,05 5,10 10,49 5,39 6,97 11,20 4,22 2,06 10,00 12,87 2,87 13,00 13,93 2,47 20,07 5,36 9,32 13,50 4,19 13,15 16,95 3,80 14,85 13,67 < LOD 11,58 11,35 < LOD 16,10 16,97 4,01 10,12 8,80 11,06 2,26 6,25 7,77 1,52 7,31 11,94 4,63 14,45 5,22 11,01 15,19 4,19 8,63 13,62 4,99 9,62 14,42 4,80 12,13 15,16 3,04 11,38 15,59 4,21 7,68 15,51 7,83 10,40 15,42 5,03 9 Kırıkkale OSB 12,33 13,79 1,46 4,79 5,82 1,03 6,28 10,43 4,16 7,80 10,01 2,22 10 South of Project Area 7,17 12,64 5,47 7,37 12,13 4,76 4,84 13,33 8,48 6,46 12,70 6,24 Note: * Tube lost 236 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT During evaluation of the results of air quality distribution modeling below, both concentration value obtained by modeling and the current pollution load of activity area and its surroundings have been evaluated jointly and as a result the total pollution value has been determined and compared with the IAPCR limit value. NOx Distribution modeling 1. Alternative Scenario (Only Eser NGCPP): According to the 1st scenario, for the atmospheric distributions of NO2 emissions to be resulted from the plant an evaluation has been made and presented in the table 84 below. As seen in the table, mean annual highest value has been found as 11,10 µg/m3 and total pollution value(It will be determined from the total long term value(UVD) found by measurement of air pollution contribution value(HKKD) calculated within impact area of the plant and constituted for the plants to be established new. TKD= HKKD+UVD) has been found as 19.45 µg/m3. The values are nearly 32.4 % of the long term limit value of 60 µg/m3 for 2013 contained in the IAPCR and well below the limit value. Besides, short term value has been found as 19,15 µg/m3 (maximal daily mean values or,when all measurement results are arranged in a row according to the size of their numerical value statistically,- their value equal to 95% of measurement results, maximal monthly mean values not to be exceeded in a different way for the dust precipitated) and total pollution value as 27,50 µg/m3 . The value is nearly 9.2 % level of the short term limit value of 300 µg/m3 contained in the IAPCR and is well below the limit value. According to the 1st scenario, the distributions of NO2 emissions to be resulted from the plant are shown in the Figure 90, Figure 91, Figure 92 and Figure 93 below. 237 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 84. Air quality distribution modeling results (NO2) – Alternative Scenario 1 (Only Eser NGCPP) Settlement area Hacıbalı Village Irmak Municipality Irmak MunicipalityUrban development area (South-southwest of the Irmak)) Irmak MunicipalityUrban development area (Southwest of the Irmak) Irmak MunicipalityUrban development area (Northeast of the Irmak) Mass housing Project area Field house Modeling outputs x y z 24 hours maximum 24 hours (%95) Yearly 24 hours maximum Yearly 24 hours maximum Yearly 534000 528500 533500 4417500 4412500 4416000 894 853 855 Its distance to the project area 1100 8150 2130 537268 4419321 708 2000 533288 4420664 702 3000 530873 4418253 707 4100 Concentration (µg/m3) UVD (µg/m3) (1) TKD (µg/m3) (2) 113.47 19.15 11.1 2.04 0.33 1.78 0.12 8.35 8.35 8.35 13.15 13.15 10.40 10.40 121.82 27.50 19.45 15.19 13.48 12.18 10.52 IAPCR Limit Value (µg/m3) (3) 300 60 60 60 1.43 9.62 11.05 - 0.11 9.62 9.73 60 1.02 10.40 11.42 - 0.11 10.40 10.51 60 0.89 10.40 11.29 - 0.14 10.40 10.54 60 4.51 0.49 3.87 0.73 1.1 0.23 1.63 0.08 0.37 0.04 13.00 13.00 6.97 6.97 7.31 7.31 16.10 16.10 16.10 16.10 17.51 13.49 10.84 7.70 8.41 7.54 17.73 16.18 16.47 16.14 60 60 60 60 60 24 hours maximum Yearly 24 hours maximum 532253 4419045 772 3000 Yearly 24 hours maximum 534268 4421987 720 4000 Yearly 24 hours maximum 536366 4419557 688 1800 Yearly 24 hours maximum 534987 4418091 692 200 Yearly Kılıçlar Municipality 24 hours maximum 530614 4415312 729 5000 Yearly Yahşihan Municipality 24 hours maximum 538946 4413223 762 6000 Yearly Kırıkkale 24 hours maximum 541693 4411996 758 8000 Yearly (1) Arithmetical mean value of all measurement results made (2) It will be determined from the total long term value(UVD) found by measurement of air pollution contribution value(HKKD) be established new. TKD= HKKD+UVD) (3) Year 2013 limit values contained in IAPCR, Annex-2, Table 2.2 238 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 calculated within impact area of the plant and constituted for the plants to ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Project Area Project Impact Area Figure 90. On the land use map: 1st alternative (Only Eser NGCPP) for 24 hours, 1st highest concentrations (NO2) 239 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Irmak Municipality Hacıbalı Village Kılıçlar Municipality Yahşihan County Figure 91. On the topographic map: 1st alternative (Only Eser NGCPP) for 24 hours, 1st highest concentrations (NO2) 240 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Project Area Project Impact Area Figure 92. On the land use map: 1st alternative (Only Eser NGCPP) yearly highest concentrations (NO2) 241 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Irmak Municipality Hacıbalı Village Kılıçlar Municipality Yahşihan County Figure 93. On the topographic map: 1st alternative (Only Eser NGCPP) yearly highest concentrations (NO2) 242 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 2. Alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP): According to the 2nd scenario, for the atmospheric distributions of NO2 emissions to be resulted from the plant an evaluation has been made and presented in the table 85 below. As seen in the table, mean annual highest value has been found as 11,19 µg/m3 and total pollution value has been found as 19.54 µg/m3. The values are nearly 32.6 % of the long term limit value of 60 µg/m3 for 2013 contained in the IAPCR and well below the limit value. Besides, short term value has been found as 19,38 µg/m3 and total pollution value as 27,73 µg/m3 . The value is nearly 9.2 % level of the short term limit value of 300 µg/m3 contained in the IAPCR and is well below the limit value. According to the 2nd scenario, the distributions of NO2 emissions to be resulted from the plant are shown in the Figure 94, Figure 95, Figure 96 and Figure 97 below. 243 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 85. Air quality distribution modeling results (NO2) – Alternative Scenario 2 (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP) Settlement area Modeling outputs x y z - 24 hours maximum 24 hours (95%) Yearly 534000 533000 533500 4417500 4416000 4416000 894 923 855 Its distance to project area 1100 2520 2130 537268 4419321 708 2000 533288 4420664 702 3000 530873 4418253 707 4100 Hacıbalı Village Irmak Municipality Irmak Municipality-Urban development area (South-southwest of Irmak) Irmak Municipality-Urban development area (southwest of Irmak) Irmak Municipality-Urban development area (Northeast of Irmak) Mass housing Project area 24 hours maximum Yearly 24 hours maximum Yearly 24 hours maximum Yearly 24 hours maximum Yearly 532253 4419045 772 3000 24 hours maximum Yearly 534268 4421987 720 4000 Concentration (µg/m3) UVD (µg/m3) (1) TKD (µg/m3) IAPCR Limit Value (2) (µg/m3) (3) 113.63 19.38 11.19 2.05 0.5 1.36 0.24 8.35 8.35 8.35 13.15 13.15 10.40 10.40 121.98 27.73 19.54 15.20 13.65 11.76 10.64 300 60 60 60 1.62 9.62 11.24 - 0.21 1.18 9.62 10.40 9.83 11.58 60 - 0.23 10.40 10.63 60 1.13 10.40 11.53 - 0.26 10.40 10.66 60 24 hours maximum 4.52 13.00 17.52 688 536366 4419557 1800 Yearly 0.66 13.00 13.66 60 Field house 24 hours maximum 3.91 6.97 10.88 534987 4418091 692 200 Yearly 0.86 6.97 7.83 60 Kılıçlar Municipality 24 hours maximum 2.00 7.31 9.31 530614 4415312 729 5000 Yearly 0.33 7.31 7.64 60 Yahşihan Municipality 24 hours maximum 1.65 16.10 17.75 538946 4413223 762 6000 Yearly 0.14 16.10 16.24 60 Kırıkkale 24 hours maximum 0.49 16.10 16.59 541693 4411996 758 8000 Yearly 0.08 16.10 16.18 60 (1) Arithmetical mean value of all measurement results made (2) It will be determined from the total long term value(UVD) found by measurement of air pollution contribution value(HKKD) calculated within impact area of the plant and constituted for the plants to be established new. TKD= HKKD+UVD) (3) Year 2013 limit values contained in IAPCR, Annex-2, Table 2.2 244 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Project Area Project Area Impact Figure 94. On the land use map: 2nd alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP) for 24 hours, 1st highest concentrations (NO2) 245 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Irmak Municipality Hacıbalı Village Kılıçlar Municipality Yahşihan County Figure 95. On the topographic map: 2nd alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP) for 24 hours, 1st highest concentrations (NO2) 246 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Project Area Project Area Impact Figure 96. On the land use map: 2nd alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP) yearly highest concentrations (NO2) 247 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Irmak Municipality Hacıbalı Village Kılıçlar Municipality Yahşihan County Figure 97. On the topographic map: 2nd alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP) yearly highest concentrations (NO2) Hourly concentrations obtained from air modeling of NOx emissions that will occur during operation of the project were evaluated with the Regulation on Air Quality Evaluation Management which was published in the Official Gazette dated 06.06.2008 and numbered 26898 and provided in the below table. It is observed in the modelling studies that NOx concentrations obtained in settlement areas remain below limit values specified in Regulation on Air Quality Evaluation Management. During operation of the project activity, NOx concentrations in settlement areas located in the impact area shall be complied with relevant provisions of Regulation on Air Quality Evaluation Management and provisions in Article 6 of Regulation on Industrial Air Pollution Control 248 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 86. Air quality distribution modeling results (NO2) – Alternative Scenario 2 (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP)- Maximum Hourly Values in settlement areas Settlement area Its distance to project area, m x y z Concentration (µg/m3) UVD (µg/m3) (1) TKD (µg/m3) (2) 26.33 27.72 24.05 25.23 28.56 20.83 21.38 20.24 20.11 20.96 19.36 18.79 18.86 20.51 20.25 21.06 19.87 19.29 21.07 21.43 22.03 21.98 23.11 21.45 20.86 28.53 29.71 28.01 27.76 26.76 31.47 25.37 23.23 31.50 29.28 22.56 24.68 23.75 45.51 27.72 22.69 23.58 23.15 22.70 23.82 22.12 22.87 22.23 20.32 21.80 IAPCR Limit Value (µg/m3) (3) 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 537268 4419321 708 13.18 13.15 537000 4419000 685 14.57 13.15 2000 537000 4419500 679 10.9 13.15 537500 4419500 713 12.08 13.15 537500 4419000 740 15.41 13.15 Irmak Municipality 533288 4420664 702 10.43 10.40 533000 4420500 725 10.98 10.40 3000 533000 4421000 725 9.84 10.40 533500 4421000 714 9.71 10.40 533500 4420500 682 10.56 10.40 Irmak Municipality530873 4418253 707 9.74 9.62 Urban development 530500 4418500 866 9.17 9.62 area 4100 531000 4418500 700 9.24 9.62 (South-southwest of 531000 4418000 729 10.89 9.62 Irmak) 530500 4418000 704 10.63 9.62 Irmak Municipality532253 4419045 772 10.66 10.40 Urban development 531500 4419000 724 9.47 10.40 area 3000 531500 4419500 701 8.89 10.40 (southwest of Irmak) 532500 4419500 704 10.67 10.40 532500 4419000 764 11.03 10.40 Irmak Municipality534268 4421987 720 11.63 10.40 Urban development 534500 4422500 726 11.58 10.40 area 4000 534500 4421500 677 12.71 10.40 (Northeast of Irmak) 534000 4421500 694 11.05 10.40 534000 4422500 782 10.46 10.40 Mass housing Project 536366 4419557 688 15.53 13.00 area 536000 4419500 721 16.71 13.00 1800 536000 4420000 682 15.01 13.00 536500 4420000 666 14.76 13.00 536500 4419500 673 13.76 13.00 Field house 534987 4418091 692 24.5 6.97 534500 4418000 758 18.4 6.97 200 534500 4418500 757 16.26 6.97 535500 4418500 689 24.53 6.97 535500 4418000 663 22.31 6.97 Kılıçlar Municipality 530614 4415312 729 15.25 7.31 530500 4414500 736 17.37 7.31 5000 530500 4415500 726 16.44 7.31 531000 4415500 810 38.2 7.31 531000 4414500 797 20.41 7.31 Yahşihan Municipality 538946 4413223 762 6.59 16.10 538500 4413500 766 7.48 16.10 6000 539500 4413500 778 7.05 16.10 539500 4411000 706 6.6 16.10 538500 4411000 687 7.72 16.10 Kırıkkale 541693 4411996 758 6.02 16.10 541500 4413000 799 6.77 16.10 8000 543000 4413000 835 6.13 16.10 543000 4410000 710 4.22 16.10 541500 4410000 745 5.7 16.10 (1) Arithmetical mean value of all measurement results made (2) It will be determined from the total long term value (UVD) found by measurement of air pollution contribution value(HKKD) calculated within impact area of the plant and constituted for the plants to be established new. TKD= HKKD+UVD) (3) Year 2013 limit values contained in IAPCR, Annex-2, Table 2.2 Hacıbalı Village 249 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 3. Alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP, Kırıkkale NGCCPP and Roads): According to the 3rd alternative scenario, for the atmospheric distributions of NO2 emissions to be resulted from the plant an evaluation has been made and presented in the table 87 below. Yearly highest value and total pollution value (TKD) is found as shown in below table. 2. Alternative Scenario (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP) Only Roads 3. Alternative Scenario (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP, Kırıkkale NGCCPP and roads) Conc. (µg/m3) TKD (µg/m3) Location 11.19 19.54 (c)x:533500, y: 4416000, z:855, m:2130 68.73 77.08 (f)x:534500, y:4421000 z:694, m:3000 69.06 77.41 (f)x:534500, y:4421000 z:694, m:3000 Short Term Value and Total Pollution Value (TKD) is found as shown below: 2. Alternative Scenario (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP) Only Roads 3. Alternative Scenario (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP, Kırıkkale NGCCPP and roads) Conc. (µg/m3) TKD (µg/m3) Location 19.38 27.73 (b)x:533000, y:4416000, z:918 , m:2500 75.02 83.37 (e)x:533000, y:4420000, z:687 , m:2860 75.69 84.04 (g)x:532000, y:4419500, z:695 , m:3400 In the evaluation of modeling studies it is observed that NOx concentrations arising from traffic is on the route. NOx concentrations arising from Eser NGCCPP and Kirikkale NGCCPP is densifying independently at different points on the route. As it can be seen from NOx concentrations arrising only from traffic and cumulative evaluation results, obtained concentration values are occuring in points and in concentration levels close to each other. Therefore, modeling results showed that the distributions of NOx emissions from traffic have a negligible effect on the distribution of NOx concentration originating from facility. 250 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 87. Air quality distribution modeling results (NO2) – Alternative Scenario 2 (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP, Kırıkkale NGCCPP and Roads) 2. Alternative Scenario (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP) Settlement area Modelling Output 24 hours maximum - 24 hours (%95) Yearly Hacıbalı Village Irmak Municipality Irmak Municipality-Urban development area (Southsouthwest of Irmak) Irmak Municipality-Urban development area (southwest of Irmak) Irmak Municipality-Urban development area (Northeast of Irmak) Mass housing Project area 24 hours maximum Yearly 24 hours maximum Yearly 24 hours maximum Yearly Its distance to project area, m (a)x:534000, y:4417500, z:894, m:1100 (b)x:533000, y:4416000, z:918, m:2500 (c)x:533500, y: 4416000, z:855, m:2130 (d)x:540000, y:4413000, z:764, m:6150 (e)x:533000, y:4420000, z:687, m:2860 (f)x:534500, y:4421000 z:694, m:3000 (g)x:532000, y:4419500, z:695 , m:3400 x y 4419321 708 2000 533288 4420664 702 3000 530873 4418253 707 4100 UVD (µg/m3) (1) TKD (µg/m3) (2) Conc. (µg/m3) UVD (µg/m3) (1) TKD (µg/m3) (2) 113.63 (a) 8.35 121.98 214.17 (d) 8.35 222.52 214.45 8.35 222.80 - 19.38 (b) 8.35 27.73 75.02 (e) 8.35 83.37 75.69 (g) 8.35 84.04 300 11.19 (c) 8.35 19.54 68.73 (f) 8.35 77.08 69.06 8.35 77.41 60 2.05 0.50 1.36 0.24 1.62 13.15 13.15 10.40 10.40 9.62 15.20 13.65 11.76 10.64 11.24 49.65 10.60 42.94 10.05 35.57 13.15 13.15 10.40 10.40 9.62 62.80 23.75 53.34 20.45 45.19 50.25 11.1 44.3 10.28 36.09 13.15 13.15 10.40 10.40 9.62 63.40 24.25 54.70 20.68 45.71 60 60 - 24 hours maximum Yearly 532253 4419045 772 3000 24 hours maximum Yearly 534268 4421987 720 3. Alternative Scenario (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP, Kırıkkale NGCCPP and IAPCR Roads) Limit Value (µg/m3) (3) UVD TKD Conc. (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (1) (2) Conc. (µg/m3) z 537268 Only Roads 4000 0.21 9.62 9.83 7.92 9.62 17.54 8.13 9.62 17.75 60 1.18 10.40 11.58 3.48 10.40 13.88 4.47 10.40 14.87 - 0.23 10.40 10.63 1.00 10.40 11.40 1.23 10.40 11.63 60 1.13 10.40 11.53 19.91 10.40 30.31 21.04 10.40 31.44 - 0.26 10.40 10.66 2.17 10.40 12.57 2.43 10.40 12.83 60 24 hours maximum 4.52 13.00 17.52 24.88 13.00 37.88 25.82 13.00 38.82 536366 4419557 688 1800 Yearly 0.66 13.00 13.66 8.39 13.00 21.39 9.05 13.00 22.05 60 24 hours maximum 3.91 6.97 10.88 13.99 6.97 20.96 14.47 6.97 21.44 Field house 534987 4418091 692 200 Yearly 0.86 6.97 7.83 4.04 6.97 11.01 4.9 6.97 11.87 60 24 hours maximum 2.00 7.31 9.31 5.14 7.31 12.45 6.1 7.31 13.41 Kılıçlar Municipality 530614 4415312 729 5000 Yearly 0.33 7.31 7.64 1.47 7.31 8.78 1.8 7.31 9.11 60 24 hours maximum 1.65 16.10 17.75 14.40 16.10 30.50 14.58 16.10 30.68 Yahşihan Municipality 538946 4413223 762 6000 Yearly 0.14 16.10 16.24 3.86 16.10 19.96 3.99 16.10 20.09 60 24 hours maximum 0.49 16.10 16.59 8.64 16.10 24.74 8.77 16.10 24.87 Kırıkkale 541693 4411996 758 8000 Yearly 0.08 16.10 16.18 1.51 16.10 17.61 1.59 16.10 17.69 60 (1) Arithmetical mean value of all measurement results made (2) It will be determined from the total long term value (UVD) found by measurement of air pollution contribution value(HKKD) calculated within impact area of the plant and constituted for the plants to be established new. TKD= HKKD+UVD) (3) Year 2013 limit values contained in IAPCR, Annex-2, Table 2.2 251 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS ENVİRONMENTAL Project Area Project Area Impact Figure 98. On the land use map: 3rd alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP, Kırıkkale NGCCPP and Roads) for 24 hours, 1st highest concentrations (NO2) 252 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL G ENVIRONMENT Irmak Municipality Hacıbalı Village Kılıçlar Municipality Yahşihan County Figure 99. On the topographic map: 3rd alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP, Kırıkkale NGCCPP and roads) for 24 hours, 1st highest concentrations (NO2) 253 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL G ENVIRONMENT Project Area Project Area Impact Figure 100. On the land use map: 3rd alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP, Kırıkkale NGCCPP and roads) yearly highest concentrations (NO2) 254 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL G ENVIRONMENT Irmak Municipality Hacıbalı Village Kılıçlar Municipality Yahşihan County Figure 101. On the topographic map: 3rd alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP, Kırıkkale NGCCPP and Roads) yearly highest concentrations (NO2) 255 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL G ENVIRONMENT Project Area Project Area Impact Figure 102. On the land use map: Only Originating From Traffic for 24 hours, 1st highest concentrations (NO2) 256 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL G ENVIRONMENT Irmak Municipality Hacıbalı Village Kılıçlar Municipality Yahşihan County Figure 103. On the topographic map: Only Originating From Traffic for 24 hours, 1st highest concentrations (NO2) 257 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL G ENVIRONMENT Project Area Project Area Impact Figure 104. On the land use map: Only Originating From Traffic yearly highest concentrations (NO2) 258 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL G ENVIRONMENT Irmak Municipality Hacıbalı Village Kılıçlar Municipality Yahşihan County Figure 105. On the topographic map: Only Originating From Traffic yearly highest concentrations (NO2) 259 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL G ENVIRONMENT 4. Alternative Scenario (For Alternative– 2 (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP) Worst Case Modelling): According to 2. Alternative Scenario data and the worst meteorological case modelling, atmospheric distribution of NO2 emissions originating from facility is evaluated in below table. Since assumed worst meteorological conditions will only occur in short term (24hours), Short Term (24-hours) Estimation Results are provided in the below table. Short Term Value is found as 19.37 µg/m3 and Total Pollutant Value is found as 27,69 µg/m3. This value is approximately 9.23% of the Short Term Limit Value 300 µg/m3 and value is well below limit value specified in IAPCR. 260 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 88. Air Quality Distribution Modeling Results (NO2 )– Alternative Scenario 2 and Worst Case Modelling Settlement Area Modelling Output 24 hours maximum Conc. (µg/m3) x y z Its distance to project area 112.24 534000 4417500 894 1.100 - UVD (µg/m3) (1) TKD (µg/m3) (2) IAPCR Limit Value (µg/m3) (3) 120.59 - 27.69 300 8.35 24 hours (%95) 19.34 532500 4415000 1001 3.500 Hacıbalı Village 24 hours maximum 2.05 537268 4419321 708 2.000 13.15 15.20 60 Irmak Municipality 24 hours maximum 1.36 533288 4420664 702 3.000 10.40 11.76 60 Irmak Municipality-Urban development area (South-southwest of Irmak) 24 hours maximum 1.62 530873 4418253 707 4.100 9.62 11.24 60 Irmak Municipality-Urban development area (southwest of Irmak) 24 hours maximum 1.18 532253 4419045 772 3.000 10.40 11.58 60 Irmak Municipality-Urban development area (Northeast of Irmak) 24 hours maximum 1.13 534268 4421987 720 4.000 10.40 11.53 60 Mass housing Project area 24 hours maximum 4.52 536366 4419557 688 1.800 13.00 17.52 60 Field house 24 hours maximum 3.91 534987 4418091 692 200 6.97 10.88 60 Kılıçlar Municipality 24 hours maximum 2.00 530614 4415312 729 5.000 7.31 9.31 60 Yahşihan Municipality 24 hours maximum 1.65 538946 4413223 762 6.000 16.10 17.75 60 Kırıkkale 24 hours maximum 0.49 541693 4411996 758 8.000 16.10 16.59 60 (1) Arithmetical mean value of all measurement results made (2) It will be determined from the total long term value (UVD) found by measurement of air pollution contribution value (HKKD) calculated within impact area of the plant and constituted for the plants to be established new. TKD= HKKD+UVD) (3) Year 2013 limit values contained in IAPCR, Annex-2, Table 2.2 261 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Project Area Project Area Impact Figure106. On the Land Use Map: Originating From Alternative Scenario 2 and Worst Case Modelling 24 Hours 1st Highest Concentrations (NO2) 262 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Irmak Municipality Hacıbalı Village Kılıçlar Municipality Yahşihan County Figure 107. On the Topographic map: Originating From Alternative Scenario 2 and Worst Case Modelling 24 hours, 1st Highest Concentrations (NO2) 263 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT CO Distribution modeling Within the project executed CO emissions modeling is the cumulative assessment and distribution modeling of CO emissions resulting from ESER combined natural gas cycle power plant (all emission sources included) and flue gas emissions resulting from Kırıkkale combined natural gas cycle power plant of GAP Petrol Gaz Ith. Ve Ihr. Pzr. San. ve Tic. AŞ located at a distance of ca. 6.5 km in the northeast of the plant. The modeling in question has been formed for most poor conditions. It has been deemed that emissions were distributed in the atmosphere under following conditions: Emissions resulted from the plant are on maximal level Pollutants without being subjected to humid or dry sedimentation Pollutants without being subjected to any chemical reaction in the atmosphere (Without being any decrease in the pollutant concentrations). For the distributions of CO emissions to be resulted from the plant an evaluation has been made and presented in the table 89 below. As seen in the table, mean annual highest value has been found as 0,022 mg/m3. The value is as much as 0.22% of the long terms limit value of 10 mg/m3 contained in the IAPCR and is very low. Besides, short term value has been found as 0.038 mg/m3 (maximal daily mean values or,- when all measurement results are arranged in a row according to the size of their numerical value statistically,- their value equal to 95% of measurement results, maximal monthly mean values not to be exceeded in a different way for the dust precipitated) .The value in question is as much as 0.38 % of the short term limit value of 10 mg/m3 contained in the IAPCR and is very low. 264 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 89. Air Quality Distribution modeling results (CO) – Alternative Scenario 3 Settlement area Hacıbalı Village Irmak Municipality Irmak Municipality-Urban development area (South--southwest of Irmak) Irmak Municipality-Urban development area (-southwest of Irmak) Irmak Municipality-Urban development area (Northeast of Irmak) Mass housing Project area Field house Kılıçlar Municipality Yahşihan Municipality Kırıkkale Modeling outputs Concentration (mg/m3) x y z Its distance to project area IAPCR Limit Value (mg/m3) (1) 24 hours maximum 24 hours (95%) Yearly 24 hours maximum Yearly 24 hours maximum Yearly 24 hours maximum Yearly 24 hours maximum Yearly 24 hours maximum Yearly 24 hours maximum Yearly 24 hours maximum Yearly 24 hours maximum Yearly 24 hours maximum Yearly 24 hours maximum Yearly 0.227 0.038 0.022 4.09 x10^03 7.30 x10^04 2.42 x10^03 2.81 x10^04 2.93 x10^03 2.64 x10^04 2.10 x10^03 2.73 x10^04 1.87 x10^03 3.36 x10^04 9.03 x10^03 1.06 x10^03 7.76 x10^03 1.52 x10^03 2.36 x10^03 5.03 x10^04 3.27 x10^03 1.82 x10^04 7.83 x10^04 1.00 x10^04 534000 533500 533500 4417500 4416000 4416000 894 855 855 1.100 2.130 2.130 537268 4419321 708 2.000 533288 4420664 702 3.000 530873 4418253 707 4.100 532253 4419045 772 3.000 534268 4421987 720 4.000 536366 4419557 688 1.800 534987 4418091 692 200 530614 4415312 729 5.000 538946 4413223 762 6.000 541693 4411996 758 8.000 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 (1) Year 2013 limit values contained in IAPCR, Annex-2, Table 2.2 265 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Project Area Project Area Impact Figure 108. On the land use map: 3rd alternative for 24 hours, 1st highest concentrations (CO) 266 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Irmak Municipality Hacıbalı Village Kılıçlar Municipality Yahşihan County Figure 109. On the topographic map: 3rd alternative for 24 hours, 1st highest concentrations (CO) 267 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Project Area Project Area Impact Figure 110. On the land use map: 3rd alternative yearly highest concentrations (CO) 268 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Irmak Municipality Hacıbalı Village Kılıçlar Municipality Yahşihan County Figure 111. On the topographic map: 3rd alternative yearly highest concentrations (CO) Input file used in modeling and raw output of AERMOD Modeling study are presented in Annex-20. During the operation of the facility, Industrial Air Pollution Control Regulation (IAPCR) published in the Official Gazette of 03.07.2009 with no. 27277 provisions shall be complied. 269 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT VIII.2.6.1. IMPACTS ON CLIMATE According to UNFCC there are six greenhouse gases which are listed below; Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Methane (CH4) Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) In Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plants, the main impact on climate change is CO2 emissions. Estimated CO2 emission value which will be produced due to combustion of natural gas in Eser NGCCPP is given below; CO2 Production: CO2 Production at 100 % load factory and 94.5 % availability: 0.347 kg/kWh 5,972.6 tons/d 2,187,868.9 tons/year Turkish total CO2 emission produced for public electiricty and heat production is determined as 1.014732*1011 kg/annual which is taken from Table 1.Turkey Sectoral Report for Energy of Turkish International Inventory, 2008. According to 2008 data, Eser NGCCPP contributes only 2.15 % to the Turkey’s CO2 emission rate in energy sector. At the proposed power plant, in burning chamber, hot burning gases will be produced as a result of natural gas burning and they will rotate the turbine blades by condensing and passing by the gas turbine. With the rotation of the blades, the shaft connected to an electric generator will rotate to produce electricity. The energy of the hot exhaust gases coming out of the gas turbine will be collected in a water heat boiler (HRGS) to be re-used, to vaporize the water in the boiler. The steam obtained under the high pressure will actuate the steam turbine to produce additional electricity power. The plant efficiency is estimated at the level of 58.6 % within the activity scope, due to the combined cycle power plant process, the waste heats going out from the Gas Turbine shall be utilized, and vapor will be produced in the Heat Recovery Steam Generator, and then electricity energy will be produced by the vapor turbine. The temperature of the smokestack gas is expected to be approximately 870 C which will be released to the atmosphere at the speed of 31.2 m/s from the Heat Recovery Steam Generator after the production of vapor from the gas at the temperature of 586.50 C at the exit of the Gas Turbine. As a summary Power plant operation is not expected to be created any significant effect to the region. 270 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT VIII.2.6.2. CLIMATE ADAPTATION In the scope of the project, water shall be drawn for once. Afterwards evaporation and blowdown water losses which are at small amounts shall be replenished. This required water shall be supplied from caisson well. Water will be supplied from caisson wells. Since caisson wells are fed especially by Kızılırmak River, water availabiity of Kızılırmak River was evaluated. Kızılırmak River has a continous flow in all seasons and it is one of the largest rivers based on flowrate in Turkey. Below figure shows the Kızılırmak River flow rates from 2004 to 2008. Kızılırmak River Flow Rate (m3/s) (2004-2008) 100.00 80.00 2004 60.00 2005 2006 40.00 2007 2008 20.00 0.00 Project’s water need is estimated as 1.113 m3/h. It seems that caiosson wells which are fed by especially Kızılırmak River can provide this amount of water even the river’s flow rate shows variety. In case of non existence of sufficient water, power plant system technology may be revised based on existence conditions. No decisions as to flood site, archeological area and protection zone etc. have been taken by the relevant organizations concerning with the area where the natural gas cycle power plant is to be installed. The locations where the plant units and switchyard field are to be seated within the scope of the natural gas cycle power plant are above the flood elevation of Kızılırmak river. 271 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT VIII.2.7 Drainage system of project, quantity of catchments water, to which receiving environment it shall be discharged Rain water catchments and drainage system shall be constructed in order that rain waters do not enter into plant site and not damages plant during operating stage of subject project. Rain waters shall be ensured reaching to Kızılırmak River without damaging the plant by the system to be constructed. Additionally rain waters shall be collected with a proper drainage system in switchyard site to be included in plant operating site and within plant, and shall be balanced by collecting in Batch Wastewater Equalization Tank. The waters collected here shall be transferred to Continuous Wastewater Equalization Tank and shall be transferred to Wastewater Treatment Facility from here. Details of Wastewater Treatment Facility Units which is seen on Water Mass Equilibrium Diagram are explained in following sections. (See.Annex-19) Provisions of "Directive on Control of Waste Oils" which was published on the Official Gazette dated 30.07.2008 no. 26952 shall be abided by during activities to be performed within the project site. VIII.2.8 Quantity and feature of other solid wastes to be generated during activity of the plant, storage/piling, disposal processes, where and how these wastes shall be transported to or which purposes they shall be recycled for, changes they make in receiving environments The wastes to be generated during operating stage of the project are domestic natured wastes (glass, paper, plastic etc.), organic based domestic natures solid wastes, packing wastes and treatment sludge originating from treatment. Besides, cleaning material containers shall be generated due to cleaning activities. Additionally, there shall be machine oils and wastes that are contaminated with these oils stemming from maintenance of equipments to be used during operating stage of the project and illuminating devices which completed their life time during lighting processes. Another hazardous waste other than these is not expected to be generated in the Plant. Summary table of solid wastes originated during operation phase is given in Table 90. 272 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 90. Solid Wastes originated during operation phase Summary Table Waste Source Originating From Personnel Waste Type Domestic Wastes Amount Precautions Disposal Method 46 kg/days Collection in closed impermeable containers seperaetly other wastes, Solid Waste Control Regulation provisions shall be complied, Reusable and/or recyclable wastes will be collected seperately and provided reuse, Treatment Sludge will be analyzed and disposed based on analysis results. Collection by municipality in idemtified periods. Variable* Collection in closed impermeable containers seperaetly other wastes, Solid Waste Control Regulation provisions shall be complied, Reusable and/or recyclable wastes will be collected seperately and provided reuse, Treatment Sludge will be analyzed and disposed based on analysis results. Reuse of wastes, Collection by municipality in idemtified periods and/or given to the Licensed Recycling Facility Variable* Waste Oil and Engine Oil originating from each type of equipment and vehicle during operation phase will be analyzed by authorized laboratory, according to analysis results, wastes will be disposed in licensed reuse and/or disposal facilities, Waste Oil Control Regulation’s relevant provisions will be complied. Given to the Licensed Facilities Variable* Each type of waste battery originated during operation phase will be collected seperately within the frame of regulation provisiond, Waste Battery and Accumulator Regulation provisions will be complied. Given to the Licensed Facilities Variable* Collected seperately from other wastes, prevent mixing with other wastes and throw away to the environment, package and package wastes control regulation provisiond shall be complied Maintenance and Repair Waste Treatment Facility Sludge Originating from operation of facility Waste Oil Waste Battery and Accumulator Package Wastes Given to the Licensed Facilities *Amounts which will show variety In the Directive on General Principles of Waste Management which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 05.07.2008 no 26927 there are provisions as follows, - Article 5.b “When waste generation is inevitable, it is essential to recycle the waste or to use it as an energy resource by recycling, reusing and other processes that aim obtaining secondary raw material.”, - Article 5.c. “During separation, collecting, transportation, recycling and disposal of wastes, methods and processes that shall not pose risk for water, air, plant and animals, and shall not cause discomfort through noise, vibration and effluvia, shall prevent natural environment from being adversely effected and thus which shall not harm environmental and human health" and 273 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT - Article 5.e. “Wastes can be recycled or disposed off where they are produced provided that conditions stated in sub-paragraph (c) of the first paragraph are complied with. If not, owner of the waste is obliged to ensure his wastes to be transported by an waste transporter and recycled or disposed off by a facility that performs the works stated in AANEX-II A or ANEX-II B and which received license from the Ministry for these purposes” In Article 11 of the same directive, about record keeping obligation, there is provision stating “Waste producing plants and corporations, and person, organization and institutions performing disposal and recycling processes that are stated in ANNEX-II A and ANNEX-II B, are obliged to record about waste type and code number of waste which is indicated in ANNEX-IV, waste quantity, source of waste, destination facility, transportation means and processes applied on waste in accordance with the methods stated in ANNEX-II A and ANNEX-II B, and obliged to keep records at least for five years, to send them to Ministry with intervals that shall be determined by Ministry, and to submitting them for examination and inspection of Ministry”. Approximately 40 persons shall work within the scope of the project. The amount of domestic solid waste to be generated from personnel is calculated by using 1,15 kg value (TUİK, 2008) and approximately 46 kg/day domestic natured solid waste is expected to be generated in total. Considering provisions of above mentioned Directive on General Principals of Waste Management, primarily the recyclable and/or re-usable solid wastes originating from operation activities in the facility shall be recycled in the place where they are produced or shall be reused. In case this is not possible, solid wastes to be produced from operation activities shall be gathered up separately and shall be given to the licensed institutions for the purpose of recycling and/or disposal, and records shall be kept about waste type and code number of waste which is indicated in ANNEX-IV, waste quantity, source of waste, destination facility, transportation means and processes applied on waste in accordance with the methods stated in ANNEX-II A and ANNEX-II B, and records shall be kept for at least five years, and shall be sent to Ministry with intervals that shall be determined by Ministry, and shall be submitted for examination and inspection of Ministry as per provisions of Directive on General Principles of Waste Management. Non-recyclable wastes (food, organic wastes etc.) shall be collected and gathered up separately in order to prevent environment pollution and to make contribution to economy in accordance with Article 8 of “Directive on Control of Solid Wastes” which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 14.03.1991 no 20814. Complying with the principles stated in section four Article 18 of the directive, which is about collecting and transportation of solid wastes, solid wastes shall not be dumped on such places that shall cause environment to be adversely affected, shall be collected and kept in as covers closed, and necessary measures shall be taken. Subject solid wastes shall be provided to be taken periodically by the closest municipality having suitable means or shall be transported by the investor to the areas shown by municipality. 274 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT In order to provide recycling and recovery of packing wastes which are among domestic natured solid wastes, they shall be collected separately at source, gathered up and given to the municipalities that are responsible for their collection and/or to the licensed collection/separation facilities which concluded a contract with municipality in compliance with the provisions of Directive on Control of Packing Wastes that entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 24.08.2011 no 28035. Waste classification of sludge of Domestic natured Package Wastewater Treatment Facility and Process Wastewater Treatment Facility shall be determined in accordance with the result of the analysis to be performed and Directive on General Principles of Waste Management that entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 05.07.2008 no 26927, and shall be disposed of accordingly. In Article 8 of Directive on Control of above mentioned Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Polychlorinated Terphenyls that entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 27.12.2007 no 26739, following provision is involved about obligations of persons possessing PCB’s: “Persons possessing used PCB, substances and equipments containing PCB, considering the related articles of the same directive, are obliged to make notification to ministry and receiving inventory record number from ministry, to inform Ministry of the changes on inventory information after treatment and/or disposal process with PCB Inventory Form, to get PCB analysis performed, to label or get labeled, to appropriately store temporarily and transport in compliance with the relevant provisions, to take necessary measure in environments containing PCB, to perform or get performed treatment and/or disposal processes.” In case there are substances and equipments containing PCT and PCB are not to be used in the transformers, capacitors and electric generation systems within the ESER NGCCPP. The provision stating that “comprises prohibition, restriction and obligations, measures to be taken, inspections to be performed, legal and technical responsibilities to be subject to with respect to production, collection, temporary storage, transportation, recycling, disposal, export and import of wastes which are classified as hazardous waste in ANNEX-IV that is included in the annex of Directive on General Principles of Waste Management that entered into force by publishing in the Official Gazette dated 05.07.2008 and with number 26927, and which show one or more of the features that are listed in ANNEX-III A and recognized as hazardous and which are between H3 to H8, and likewise which have values over threshold concentrations in ANNEX-III B with regard to H10 and H11” is included in 2nd article of Directive on Control of Hazardous Wastes which entered into force by being published on the Official Gazette dated 14.03.2005 and with number 25755. 275 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Dangerous waste, waste accumulator, tire, waste oils and parts contaminated with waste oils that are possible to be generated due to maintenance and repair of machines and equipments within the scope of the project, shall be gathered up separately in impervious containers by being coded in accordance with Waste List given in Annex IV of Directive within the framework of Directive on General Principals of Waste Management, and their appropriate disposal shall be ensured by delivering them to licensed institutions within the framework of relevant directive. Another solid waste generating from project other than these is not expected to be generate. VIII.2.9 Vibration to be generated within the scope of the project, noise sources and levels, preparation of acoustic report according to Directive on Evaluation and Management of Environmental Noise, (taking Acoustic Format in www.cevreorman.gov.tr address as a basis) In the Article 8.c.2 of Directive on Evaluation and Management of Environmental Noise (ÇGDYY) that entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 04.06.2010 no 27601, the provision stating “takes necessary measures related to ensuring preparation of environmental impact assessment report or the project presentation file’s section which is relevant to noise, that shall be prepared for the plant that is planned to be established and for corporations and plants included in Annex-1 and Annex-2 of Directive on Permits and Licenses Required to be Taken as per Environment Law, and for transportation sources included in articles 18,19, 20 and 21” is included. ESER NGCCPP project is involved among the facilities stated in Directive on Permits and Licenses Required to be Taken as per Environment Law, Annex-1. List of Activities or Facilities Having High Contamination Impact on Environment, 1.1.2. Gas fuel facilities having total combustion system thermal power of 100 MW or higher combustion system, which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 29.04.2009 no 27214 Considering the relevant articles of the directive, within the scope of ESER NGCCPP project, Acoustic Report was prepared by Çınar Environment Measurements and Analysis Laboratory which is accredited by Turkish Accreditation Agency (TURKAK) and which has Environment Measurement and Analysis Competency Certificate from Ministry of Environment and Forestry, by measuring background noise level on points marked in Figure 112, taking project site and nearest settlement places into consideration (See Annex-17). Background noise levels are determined as given in Table 91, as can be seen from Acoustic Report included in annex. 276 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Project Area Figure 112. Background Noise Level Measurement Points Table 91. Background Noise Level Measurements (dBA) Measurement Position With Reference to LDay LEvening LNight Pont Project Site Max Min Leq Max Min Leq Max Min Leq 1 North of Project Site 72,3 45,3 51,9 82,8 24,4 59,0 74,8 31,8 40,6 2 South of Project Site 84,7 47,5 58,6 77,5 23,6 50,3 37,7 31,9 34,8 3 1.650 m northeast of project site 88,4 31,7 63,9 81,0 16,5 48,3 80,5 32,3 46,3 28,8 43,9 76,6 32,1 41,9 83,3 32,3 50,0 (Mass Housing Project Area) 4 2.150 m northeast of project site 70,1 (Hacıbalı Village ) Definition: Lday: is the energy average of A weighted sound level as defined in TS 9315 (ISO 1996-1 ), it is determined according to whole day time frame or a certain period in day time frame. Levening: is the energy average of A weighted sound level as defined in TS 9315 (ISO 1996-1 ), it is determined according to whole evening time frame or a certain period in evening time frame. Lnight: is the energy average of A weighted sound level as defined in TS 9315 (ISO 1996-1 ), it is determined according to whole night time frame or a certain period in night time frame. Leq TS 9315 (ISO 1996-1 ) : Constant level of noise the levels of which show change in certain time , which is its equivalent in terms of energy Time frames in indicators; Day: 12 hours from 07.00 to 19.00 Evening: 4 hours from 19.00 to 23.00 Night: 8 hours from 23.00 to 07.00. 277 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Noise generation stemming from activities to be performed during operating stage of the project and plant units is expected. Appropriate protective tools and devices such as helmet, headset or ear plugs shall be issued in order to protect health of employers and to maintain continuity of activities in such environments where noise is exposed to. In Regulation on Evaluation and Management of Environmental Noise Article 22 “Noise level emitted from each corporation and facility cannot exceed the limit values given in Table-4 in Annex-VII" provision is included. Accordingly, Environmental Noise Limit Values given in Table 92 below shall be satisfied during activities to be performed at operating stage. Table 92. Environmental Noise Limit Values for Industrial Plants (RoEaMoEN, Annex-VII, Table–4.) Areas Lday Leveing Lnight (dBA) (dBA) (dBA) Education, culture and health areas of noise sensitive utilities and areas where summerhouses and camping are intensive Areas where houses are intensive of areas where commercial buildings and noise sensitive utilities are together Areas where workplaces are intensive of areas where commercial buildings and noise sensitive utilities are together Industrial Areas 60 55 50 65 60 55 68 70 63 65 58 60 Project activity site is evaluated to be within scope of "areas where houses are intensive of areas where commercial buildings and noise sensitive utilities are together" from the areas included in the table. Noise level to be generated from activities to be performed during operating stage is calculated in Acoustic Report that is involved in the annex of EIA Report. Environmental noise level to be generated during operating stage decreases below 50 dBA at about 100 m distance from work site as can be seen on figure 94 given below; limit values in terms of Lday, Levening, Lnight (65 dBA, 60 dBA and 55 dBA respectively) which are included in Regulation on the Evaluation and Management of the Environmental Noise (RoEaMoEN)– Table 4 are satisfied. The closest settlement to the operation site is Hacıbalı Village located at a distance of about 2.000 m, and noise level to be generated in said settlement shall drop below the limit value. 278 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Hacıbalı Village Noise Level Signs and Symbols dB(A) inside LN Point Source Plane Source Contour Line Noise Calc. Field Area Usage Purposes Residential Place Figure 113. Noise Map (Operating Stage) Appropriate protective tools and devices such as helmet, headset or ear plugs shall be issued in order to protect health of employers and to maintain continuity of activities in such environments where noise is exposed to. Within the scope of the project, provisions of Labor Law no 4857 and bylaws and directives issued correspondingly shall be complied with. During the activities to be performed within the scope of the project, relevant provisions of Directive on Evaluation and Management of Environmental Noise shall be complied with. VIII.2.10 Quantity and features of radioactive wastes, potential and residual effects and suggested precautions There shall not be any radioactive waste generation within the scope of the project. 279 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT VIII.2.11 Dangerous, toxic, inflammable substances and explosives to be used in project units during production, their transportation and storage, usage purposes, potential dangers during their usage and measures to be taken Subject project is Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant Project, and Natural gas shall be used for energy generation within the scope of the project. The material having highest explosion risk to be used within the scope of the project is the natural gas to be used. The natural gas to be used in the plant shall end at RMS-A that shall be established (as a result of revised land route survey to be made after determining RMS-A location conclusively) on one of 2 alternative points by means of making Hot-Tap from a suitable point at around 365+272 Km of 48” Samsun-Ankara Natural Gas Pipeline. There shall not be any expropriation since all pipeline route remains within the project site. In case location of valve which shall be installed on the point to be hot-tapped remains out of project site, this place shall be expropriated. It shall hand over the easement on land title of the section where pipeline is passing to BOTAŞ without charge after preparation of expropriation files following EIA process and getting them certified by cadastre All necessary safety measures shall be taken against leakage and corrosion during natural gas connection. Additionally, chemicals for cleaning purposes and cleaning agents shall be used and chemical agents shall be used in treatment units and cooling system within the scope of the project. Gas Turbines shall be washed periodically within the scope of subject project. The chemicals to be used for washing process shall be stored at separated areas in the plant by taking necessary measures; their access to and usage shall be prohibited except for the responsible ones. Like wise, the chemicals to be used in Water Treatment Facility, Domestic Natured Package Wastewater Treatment Facility and Cooling System, after being brought to the facility, shall be stored in suitable environments by taking necessary measures as stated in Material Safety information Form; their access to and usage shall be prohibited except for the responsible ones. The principles stated in “Bylaw on Measures to be Taken in Works and Workplaces Working With Explosives, inflammable and Hazardous Substances” that was published in the Official Gazette dated 24.12.1973 no 14752 shall be complied with during transportation, usage, storage and shipment of subject materials. 280 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Waste accumulator, tire, waste oils and parts contaminated with waste oils that are possible to be generated due to maintenance and repair of machines and equipments within the scope of the project, shall be gathered up separately in impervious containers and shall be delivered to institutions having license from Ministry. The tires/accumulators that completed their life time, which come out as a result of replacement of tires/accumulators of work equipments and vehicles within the scope of operations, shall be given to the firms that received license from Ministry or to relevant service stations. Relevant provisions of Directive on Control of Worn Out Tires which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 25.11.2006 no. 26357 and Directive on Control of Waste Batteries and Accumulators which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 31.08.2004 no. 25569 shall be complied with. In case of any leakage stemming from engineering equipments working in the project site, the relevant provisions of “Directive on Control of Soil Pollution and Point Sourced Polluted Sites” which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 08.06.2010 no. 27605 shall be abided by. Also, in line with the Directive on Control of Hazardous Wastes which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 14.03.2005 no. 25755 and Directive on General Principals of Waste Management which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 05.07.2008 no. 26927, wastes shall be gathered up separately by being coded in accordance with Waste List given in Annex IV of Directive, and their appropriate disposal shall be ensured by delivering them to licensed institutions within the framework of relevant directive. During the activities to be performed in the project area, the provisions of “Directive on Control of Waste Oils” that was published in the Official Gazette dated 30.07.2008 no. 26952 and provisions of “Directive on Control of Waste Vegetable Oils” that was published in the official Gazette dated 19.04.2005 no 25791 shall be abided by. VIII.2.12 Possible impacts on hydrophilic and terrestrial flora/fauna and measures to be taken Flora and fauna of the area is determined as a result of land survey performed for Eser Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant which is planned to be constructed in Kırıkkale Province, Yahşihan District; species discovered and possible to be discovered are identified. Any endangered species was not determined and species were identified as cosmopolitan species. Additionally, in order to keep air pollution under control, dry low NOx generating burners were selected and measurements were performed to determine the current situation. The values of emission shall be controlled by measuring continuously. Project is not expected to adversely affect flora and fauna in the vicinity and to endanger their generations. 281 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Since cooling system included within the scope of activities, at the beginning water shall be drawn for once. Afterwards evaporation and blowdown water losses shall be replenished. Required water shall be supplied from caisson well; since the cooling system is a closed system, cooling water shall not be discharged to Kızılırmak. Process waste waters from plant and domestic natured waste waters shall be discharged to Kızılırmak River after treated, and limit values in Directive on Control of Water Pollution are satisfied. Therefore, there shall not be any change in the temperature of the river stemming from activity of ESER NGCCPP, hydrophilic flora and fauna shall not be adversely affected. VIII.2.13 Impacts of project on agricultural products and soil acidification, methods used for estimation of soil acidification and measures to be taken In the energy plant project, natural gas, which is known to be the cleanest fuel type among the fossil fuels, shall be used. The most important parameter among air emissions to be generated as a result of combustion of natural gas is generation of NOx emissions. Nitrogen oxides which are important in terms of air pollution are NO (nitrogen monoxide) and NO2 (nitrogen dioxide). Nitrogen monoxide is colorless and odorless, a quit harmless gas. Nitrogen dioxide, when oxidized becomes a yellow brown odorous and harmful gas. Combined value of atmospheric concentrations of NO and NO2 are represented by NOX. Lasting period in atmosphere is about 1 day. Impacts on Materials and Plants: Any harm of NO on plants is not observed in laboratory conditions. However, NO2 and primer pollutants might inflict some damages on vegetations. Secondary pollutants such as PAN and O3 probably inflict various damages on plants as a result of photochemical reactions containing NOx. High dosed effecting of NO2 decolorizes textile dyes, oxidizes metals and singes white color factory dyes. It causes acidification. Rain is generally slightly acidic; its pH value alters between 5-6. However, pH value of acid rain, which occurs by transformation of NOx in to HNO3, is at a low level like 4 – 4.5. This results in negative alterations in life in hydrophilic environment, plants and soil. Acidity of soil increases as a result of dropping of acid rain on to the soil and these strong acidic solutions cause loss of minerals in soil such as Ca++ , Mg+ , K+. These minerals are of vital importance for the trees to grow and regenerate themselves. Considering topography surrounding the project site and position of the nearest settlements, assessments are performed in Chapter VII.1 and an area with a dimension of 11 km x 11 km as selected as project impact area. There are agricultural lands in patches and meadow-pasture areas within the project Impact area. There are slope and erosion damages in a great majority of agricultural lands within the project impact area; Dry Fallow Farming is performed on many of them, on some agricultural land, however, irrigated farming and vegetable gardening is performed. 282 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Even though a wide tolerance exists in nature against pH values, soils having low pH values, which mean soils with acidic characters, are poor in nutrients. Although pH values of soils alter between 2,2 and 9,6 in general, values below 4,5 and over 8 are rare. Different types of plants can grow in soils having different pH values. Many plants yields better between 5,5, and 6,2 pH. That means, they like slightly acidic environments, many mineral substances can make better ion exchange in these environments. Extreme fluctuations cause lack of some nutrients and toxicity (toxic effect due to its excessiveness) in plant. Soils samples taken from project site are analyzed by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, general Directorate of Agricultural Research, Central Research Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Water Resources, Soil Quality and Productivity Laboratories and NEN Mühendislik ve Lab. Hiz. Tic. Ltd.Şti. Analysis Report prepared is given in annex and watersaturated soil pH values of soil samples taken from project site and its surroundings are presented in summary in Table 93 below. (see Annex-13) Table 93. Average pH values in water-saturated soil Soil Sample No Coordinate Information pH in Water-Saturated Soil 1 X:535188.2657 Y:4418102.3480 7.73 2 X:535295.3649 Y:4417509.5757 7.95 3 X:535436.8739 Y:4417151.6973 8.04 4 X:535142.7869 Y:4417497.6818 8.16 5 X:535544.4503 Y:4417894.9058 8.05 Average pH value 7.99 Characteristic of soil in project site and its surroundings where samples are taken from is generally alkali; average pH value is about 8. Accordingly, soils around the project, when evaluated in term of pH, are staying between 5.5 – 6.2 productivity range and shows basic characteristics. Air Pollution and Increase in Soil Acidity The main potential effects on soil of air emissions stemming from thermal plants, natural gas cycle plants and industrial plants causing air pollution are increase in H+ concentrations in soil and occupation of cation exchange areas on surfaces of colloids by these ions. By this way, leaving their locations in soil surface of Ca++ , Mg++ , Na+, K+ and NH4 + ions in soil shall be the expected result. Leaving their exchange locations of these cations and settlement of H+ ions in these places shall cause these cations to pass to soil solution and to get ready to leak. As a result of leaving soil of these ions might decrease soil productivity and more addition of H+ ions to soil. 283 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Cation Exchange Capacity (KDK) Factors buffering the effects of added H+ ions shall be basic cations (Ca++, Mg++ ,Na+ ,K +, NH4 ) existing in exchange areas of soil. Generally cations in exchange areas are in equilibrium condition with cations in soil solution. It gives exchange capacity (KDK) in 100 gram of soil. Exchangeable Ca++, Mg+, Na+ and K+ ions of a soil are called basic cations of soil. Percentage basic saturation is expressed as the percentage of total equivalent weights of exchangeable basic cations of soil, within the cation exchange capacity. According to the literature reviews, in the surveys performed between KırıkkaleÇorum-Yozgat, organic substance quantity and cation exchange capacity for various aoil types existing in region are indicated. Accordingly, organic substance quantity in reddish brown soil group which is the soil type of project site is between %0,8 and %1,5; cation exchange capacity is between 26-42 meq/100 g. Ca++ is dominant is variable cations, there are K+ and Na+ in small rates. (Kırıkkale University, Eftal Böke, 2005) pH values in above Table 94 representing the land where plant shall be established are compared according to cation exchange capacity in soil type and indicated in the following table. Following table is used for evaluation of sensitivity of soils to acidification according to KDK ( cation Exchange Capacity) and pH. Table 94. Acidification Sensitivity Criteria of Soils Cation Exchange Capacity <6 6-15 >15 Ph <4.6 4.6-5.0 5.1-5.5 5.6-6.0 6.1-6.5 >6.5 <4.6 4.6-5.0 5.1-5.5 5.6-6.0 >6.0 <4.6 4.6-5.0 5.1-5.5 5.6-6.0 >6.0 * Sensitivity to Basic Cation Loss Y Y Y Y Y D Y O O O D Y O O D D Sensitivity to Acidification D D O Y Y D D D D-O D-O D D D D D-O D General Sensitivity Y Y Y Y Y D Y O O O D Y O O D D D: Low Sensitivity O: Moderate Sensitivity Y: High sensitivity Source: A qualitative sensitivity analysis developed by Holowaychuk and Fesseden (1987) *Data representing the plant When taking subject approach in to consideration, soil sensitivity to basic cation loss, acidification and general soil sensitivity is evaluated as low for operation site. Also, when examined in general, as a result of KDK values over 15 and pH values over 6, project area and its surroundings are in low sensitivity class. 284 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Distribution of NOx emissions that shall stem from the project is evaluated under VIII.2.6 heading by using Air Quality Distribution Modeling; concentration values that NO and NO2 emissions from project shall generate on ground level are calculated to be below directive limit values. In the calculations performed it is seen that highest concentration value stays at 1/3 of the limit value. Additionally, looking at the distribution model results performed, it is seen that the highest concentration values stay at unoccupied hilly terrain to the west and southwest of the plant, and that these terrains have the characteristics of step flora in general. For this reason, an adverse effect is not expected to occur on existing agricultural lands in the area. Additionally, in order to keep NOx emissions that shall arise from project activities under control, dry low NOx generating burners shall be used, and also flue gas emissions shall be measured continuously when passed to operating stage. It is expected not to occur any soil acidification in and around operation site and any adverse affect on agricultural productions stemming from the project. Considering all these aspects mentioned above, Soil pollution in the project scope did not require to be monitored. VIII.2.14 Impacts on ground and surface waters and measures to be taken Domestic and industrial natured wastewaters coming out within scope of the project shall be treated in necessary treatment systems and shall be discharged to Kızılırmak River by satisfying limit values in Directive on Control of Water Pollution. Therefore a negative affect stemming from the project is not expected to occur on Kızılırmak, which is the closest surface water source to operation site. Since there isn’t any ground water source in and immediate surroundings of project site, any impact is out of question. VIII.2.15 The evaluation of the cumulative effect by considering the current pollution load (air, water, earth) of the region Air In order to determine the NOx pollution level in the project subject, ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power plant (NGCCPP) project area and its surroundings, an area with the size of 11 km X 11 km around the operation area was selected as the project effect area by the Çınar Environment Measurement and Analyses Laboratory (Çınar Çevre Ölçüm ve Analiz Laboratuvarı), passive sampling was conducted at 10 points within the mentioned effect area to detect the current situation. Sampling results are taken and provided in below Table 46. Result of analysis is given in the appendix (See Appendix-16). In looking air quality sampling results, the highest NO 2 concentration is found in the point nearby Yahşihan Municipality with the value of 21,87 µg/m3. 285 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 46. The results of air quality sampling (µg/m3) 1. Period NO2 NOx 2. Period NO2 NOx 3. Period NO2 NOx Order No Point Name 1 Nearby Project Area 9,23 * * 8,94 11,81 2,87 6,88 2 Nearby Project Area-Field House 7,45 11,47 4,01 8,37 11,64 3,27 3 Mass Housing Project Area 15,11 12,96 < LOD 13,90 15,97 4 Hacıbalı Village 15,42 17,28 1,86 14,70 5 Yahşihan Municipality 21,87 25,88 4,01 6,88 17,00 9,23 6 7 8 Kılıçlar Municipality Irmak Municipality Urban Development Area Irmak Municipality NO NO AVERAGE NOx NO NO NO2 12,10 5,22 8,35 11,96 4,05 5,10 10,49 5,39 6,97 11,20 4,22 2,06 10,00 12,87 2,87 13,00 13,93 2,47 20,07 5,36 9,32 13,50 4,19 13,15 16,95 3,80 14,85 13,67 < LOD 11,58 11,35 < LOD 16,10 16,97 4,01 10,12 8,80 11,06 2,26 6,25 7,77 1,52 7,31 11,94 4,63 14,45 5,22 11,01 15,19 4,19 8,63 13,62 4,99 9,62 14,42 4,80 12,13 15,16 3,04 11,38 15,59 4,21 7,68 15,51 7,83 10,40 15,42 5,03 9 Kırıkkale OSB 12,33 13,79 1,46 4,79 5,82 1,03 6,28 10,43 4,16 7,80 10,01 2,22 10 South of Project Area 7,17 12,64 5,47 7,37 12,13 4,76 4,84 13,33 8,48 6,46 12,70 6,24 Note: * Tube lost The Total Pollution Value has been detected and compared with the Industrial Air Pollution Control Regulation(IAPCR) limit value by evaluating together both the concentration value obtained by the modeling and the current pollution load of the operation area and its surroundings while evaluating the results of the Air Quality Distribution Modeling under the title VIII.2.6 The annual average highest value was found as 11,19 μg/m3 and the Total Pollution Value was found as 19.54 μg/ m3 among the results of the distributions of the NO2 emissions in the atmosphere which will arise from the facility in accordance with the second alternative scenario (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP). The mentioned values are around 32.6 % of the Long Term Limit Value, 60 μg/m3 specified in the Industrial Air Pollution Control Regulation (IAPCR) and are considerably below the limit value. Moreover, the Short Term Value was found as 19.38 μg/m3 and the Total Pollution Value was found as 27.73 μg/m3. They are around 9.2 % of the Short Term Limit Value, 300 μg/m3 specified in the Industrial Air Pollution Control Regulation (IAPCR) and are considerably below the limit value. 286 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Water Water will be drawn for only once in the beginning, since the cooling system existing in the operation will work as closed cycle. Later the losses of evaporation and blow out water will be added. The required water shall be obtained from caisson wells, cooling water will not be discharged to Kızılırmak River since the cooling system is closed cycle. The process waste waters and household based waste waters will be discharged into Kızılırmak River within the limit values in the Control Regulations of the Water Pollution after they are decontaminated. Thus, there will be no negative change in the temperature of the river and in its other parameters due to the operations of the ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power plant (NGCCPP), and aquatic flora and fauna will not be affected negatively. Soil Pursuant to the literature surveys performed, in the studies done in the KırıkkaleÇorum-Yozgat Region. The characteristics of the values of the organic material amount and the cation exchange capacity for the various earth types existing in the region. Accordingly, the organic material amount is between 0.8 % and 1.5 % and the cation exchange capacity is between 26 meq/100 g and 42 meq/100g in the reddish brown earth group which is the project area earth type. Among the variable cations Ca++ is dominant, and little amounts of K+ and Na+ exist. (Kırıkkale University, Eftal Böke, 2005) The sensitivity of the earth against the acidification is evaluated in accordance with the Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and with the pH. When we take the mentioned approach into account, the sensitivity of the earth against the losses of alkaline cations, and the acidification, and the general sensitivity of the earth is evaluated as low for the operations area. When it is investigated generally, as a result of the Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) greater than 15 and the pH values greater than 6, the project area and its surroundings are in the class of low sensitivity. The distributions of the NOx emissions which will arise due to the project, were evaluated by the use of the Air Quality Distribution Modeling under the title VIII.2.6, since the concentration values of the NO and NO2 emissions on the ground level arising from the power plant will be lower than the limit values of the regulations, it is not expected that any negative effect will arise in the operations area and its surroundings. Moreover, in order to be able to hold the NOx emissions which will arise due to the project operations under control, dry burners producing low NOx will be used and the smokestack gas emissions will be continuously measured in the operations phase. It is expected that no acidification of earth and no negative effect on the agricultural products will arise in the operations area and its surroundings due to the project. 287 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT VIII.2.16 From where and how will the houses and the other technical/social infrastructure requirements of the staff and their dependents who will work during the activity of the facility be met Administrative buildings and working buildings will be established in the project area in order to use during the operational activities, and the dining hall, the kitchen, the dressing rooms, the showers, the restrooms, the lavatories, the warehouse, the administrative and technical offices for all kinds of technical and social infrastructure requirements of the staff who will work in the project will exist in the mentioned operations area. The staff who will be employed in the project shall be first selected from the persons who reside in the settlements in the project area and its surroundings. In that case, if the staffs coming from close settlements require to reside in their own houses and/or if it is suitable in terms of operational activities, service vehicles may be used for transportation. VIII.2.17 The risky and dangerous activities for the human health and the environment, among the activities in the operational phase of the project There are general risks which may arise from the use of the operations tools, devices and machinery due to the carelessness and the lack of training of the staff in the operational phase. The works which are risky and dangerous for the human health and the environment in the operational phase of the project are the incidents such as injuries, traffic accidents in the facility, bouncing of materials, fall of persons, the accidents of construction equipments etc. which may possibly occur in almost every business. Since the causes of the accident risks are possibly and generally due to the faults of the staff, necessary training will be provided to the staff who will be employed in the operational phase based on the relevant statutes and the regulations. Additionally, warning signs will be installed in the working area. Dangerous works such as working at the height, electricity and welding works etc. will be performed by the authorized and capable staff. The working employees will be informed for them to use helmets and security ropes and dresses while working at the height and the continuance of the application will be followed with careful attention. In order to prevent the work accidents due to the decrease of the concentration within the working time, the risk of work accidents will be prevented by giving short breaks. In all phases of the project, the provisions of the Work Act numbered 4857 and of the regulations and the statutes submitted based on this act shall be obeyed, and all measures required for minimizing the possible accidents and their risks shall be taken. In the field of the activity, the provisions of the Work Act numbered 4857 and of the regulations and the statutes submitted based on this act shall be obeyed. In Regulation on Evaluation and Management of Environmental Noise Article 22 “Noise level emitted from each corporation and facility cannot exceed the limit values given in Table-5 in Annex-7" provision is included. The levels of the noise which will occur in the field of activity will be kept in limit values mentioned in this regulation. 288 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT During the activities to be performed within the scope of the project, the relevant provisions of the Regulations of the Evaluation and Management of the Environmental Noise which was published and entered into force in the Official Gazette dated 04 June 2010 and numbered 27601 shall be obeyed. According to Noise Regulation Article 5 “Issues related with exposure limit values and exposure active values are given in below” in c clause “The jobs which are certainty detected that the daily noise exposure is significantly different from day to day the implementation exposure limit values and exposure action values weekly exposure values can be used instead of the daily exposure values with following conditions are provided”: The weekly noise exposure level determined with sufficient measurement: the exposure limit value of 87 dB (A) shall not be exceeded. Suitable protective tools and means will be provided such as headgears, earpieces and ear plugs in order to protect the health of the employees and to provide the continuation of the activity in the environment where they are subject to noise. Within the scope of the project, the provisions specified in the Work Act numbered 4857 and in the statutes and the regulations submitted based on that act shall be obeyed. VIII.2.18 In how much area and how the area organizations will be established in order to create landscape elements in the project area or for other purposes (afforestation, green area organizations etc.), the types of vegetation and trees for those etc. Landscape works will be performed in the necessary areas after the establishment of the units of the facilities on the field of activity which is the subject of the project. The types which will reflect the natural vegetation of the region will be used in the landscape works. Detailed works will be performed in the ultimate project phase. VIII.2.19 Proposed distance for health protection band Following the completion of the ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant construction works which is planned to be established based on the Instructions of the Basic Health Services General Directorate of the Ministry of Health dated 17 February 2011 and numbered 6359 (the Determination of the Distance for the Health Protection Band to be left Around the Non-Health Establishments Which may Negatively Affect the Environmental and Community Health) with regard to the mentioned ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power plant having an installed power of 835 MWe, it will be applied to Kırıkkale Municipality and/or Kırıkkale Special Provincial Directorate of Administration to get a Non-Health Establishment License in the scope of Regulation on Beginning a Business and Working Licences published in the Official Gazette dated 10.08.2005 and numbered 2005/9207 and a distance in surrounding of project area to be specified by the committee will be left for the Health Protection Band. The suggestion of the Provincial Health Directorate in which 40 m (25 % may be increased or decreased) Health Protection Band distance shall be left from outside to the inside of project area border will be taken into account during determining the Health Protection Band distance. 289 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT VIII.2.20 The Efficiency of the Thermal Power plant, how will the waste heat be utilized. How will the heat to be given to the atmosphere due to energy loss (due to the energy loss arising from not being able to transform all of the fuel to energy) affect the meteorological conditions (relative humidity, temperature, pressure etc.)? and the precautions to be taken In the proposed power plant, hot burning gas will be created as a result of the burning of the natural gas in the combustion chamber and that expanded gas will flow through the gas turbines and will turn the wings of the turbines. With the turn of the wings, a shaft will turn which is connected to an electricity generator to perform the production of the electricity. The energy of the hot exhaust gases which will go out from the gas turbine will be collected in a Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) for reuse, and the evaporation of the water inside the boiler shall be provided. The vapor obtained at high pressure will operate the vapor turbine and additional electricity energy will be produced. As electricity is produced in two processes, that system is called combined cycle power plant. The plant efficiency is estimated at the level of 58.6 % within the activity scope, due to the combined cycle power plant process, the waste heats going out from the Gas Turbine shall be utilized, and vapor will be produced in the Heat Recovery Steam Generator, and then electricity energy will be produced by the vapor turbine. The temperature of the smokestack gas is expected to be approximately 870 C which will be released to the atmosphere at the speed of 31.2 m/s from the Heat Recovery Steam Generator after the production of vapor from the gas at the temperature of 586.50 C at the exit of the Gas Turbine. Therefore, it is not expected any negative effect arising from that phase. VIII.2.21 Other Activities There is not any subject to be notified with the exception of the explanations given under Section VIII.2. above within the scope of the operation phase of the project. 290 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT VIII.3. The Effects of the Project on the Socio-Economic Environment VIII.3.1 The income increases expected with the project; the employment possibilities to be created, population movements, immigration, training, health, culture, other social and technical infrastructure services and the changes in the utilization conditions of those services etc. Simultaneous employment of maximum 1000 personnel is planned during the construction. Various numbers of staff at various times shall be employed in the construction camp, and it is projected that the number of the average simultaneously working employees is 500. In the operational phase of the project, approximately 40 workers will be employed. The personnel to be employed within the scope of the project will preferably be selected from the persons living in the settlements which are in the project area and its close surroundings. The staff who will be employed in the project shall be first selected from the persons who reside in the settlements in the project area and its surroundings. In that case, if the staff coming from close settlements requires to reside in their own houses and/or if it is suitable in terms of operational activities, service vehicles may be used for transportation. In addition to the work health and security trainings, other trainings required such as relevant professional training and courses taking into account the works they will perform in the construction and operational phases will be provided to the personnel employed from the region. Thus, the workers will be qualified. The machinery, equipments and other necessary materials required in the construction and operational phases will be supplied from the industries operating in Kırıkkale Province when possible. And for the supply of the requirements of the personnel, the means of the closest municipality will be utilized. As it will contribute to the economy of the region, it is deemed that it will positively affect the social and the technical infrastructure of the region. Based on that, it is expected for the immigration in the region increased in the recent years to decrease. The electricity energy which is planned to be produced by the project, is a project providing benefits to the public which will contribute to the electricity production by connecting to the interconnection system. The electricity energy to be produced in ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power plant will be connected to the 380 kV ETL interconnection system and will make a significant contribution to meeting the energy requirements of Ankara and Kırıkkale provinces and the region. The mentioned project is very important for providing continuous and non-interrupted energy to the consumers. With the project the construction of which is planned, both the regional and the Turkish economies are expected to be affected positively. VIII.3.2 Environmental Benefit-Cost Analysis Energy will be produced by using natural gas with the mentioned project. Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power plants are environment friendly systems which can produce energy without creating any effect which cannot be prevented with the selection of the correct technology. 291 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Environmental effects will arise in terms of air, water, and noise from the activities to be performed in the construction and operational phases of the project. However, in order for those effects not to arise and/or to mitigate, all the precautions mentioned in the sections VIII.1 and VIII.2 and the limit values of the relevant regulations will be conformed to. The most important contamination source in the natural gas cycle power plants is NOx, and thus dry burners producing low NOx are selected in order to control the air pollution. The concentration values which will occur in the region were calculated by making air quality modeling within the scope of Environmental Effect Evaluation studies and additionally measurements were performed for the detection of the current situation in the project effect area. Moreover, the smokestack gas emissions will be continuously measured in the operations phase. And in the construction phase, the emissions arising from excavations will be held below the limit values of the regulations. Within the scope of the activity, water will be drawn for only once in the beginning, since the cooling system existing in the operation will work as closed cycle. Later the losses of evaporation and blow out water will be added. The required water shall be obtained from caisson wells, and cooling water will not be discharged to Kızılırmak River since the cooling system is closed cycle. The process waste waters and household based waste waters will be discharged into Kızılırmak River within the limit values in the Control Regulations of the Water Pollution after they are decontaminated. Thus, there will be no negative change in the temperature of the river and in its other parameters due to the operations of the ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant (NGCCPP), and aquatic flora and fauna will not be affected negatively. The occurrence of noise arising from the machinery and the equipment in the construction and the operational phases will remain below the limit values of the regulations as specified in the Acoustic Report prepared. Due to these precautions to be taken, with the mitigation of the effects on the socioeconomic, physical and biological environment, the benefits in terms of economy which the mentioned power plant will bring can prevail. The environmental costs can be ignored as the mentioned facility will be constructed and operated in compliance with all local standards. 292 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The Environmental Benefit-Cost Analysis of the Project is given below Expected Environmental Benefits Expected Environmental Costs Clean and reliable energy production Increase in the level of meeting the energy requirements increasing continuously Approximately 6.262 GWh annual electricity energy production Providing new employment to the regional population in the construction and operational phases Providing social and infrastructural benefits(roads, water, electricity) to the settlements existing around the project area Decreasing the outgoing immigration The use of natural resources (natural gas, water) Increase in the NOx emission which can be tolerated (in compliance with the limit value of the regulations) Occurrence of noise at the tolerable level (there is not any settlement close to the project area) Increase in the traffic during the construction Temporary effect on the flora-fauna Temporary visual effect during the construction VIII.3.3 The evaluation of the social effects in connection with the realization of the project Simultaneous employment of maximum 1000 personnel is planned during the construction. Various numbers of staff at various times shall be employed in the construction camp, and it is projected that the number of the average simultaneously working employees is 500. In the operational phase of the project, approximately 40 workers will be employed. The personnel to be employed within the scope of the project will preferably be selected from the persons living in the settlements which are in the project area and its close surroundings. The staff who will be employed in the project shall be first selected from the persons who reside in the settlements in the project area and its surroundings. In that case, if the staff coming from close settlements requires to reside in their own houses and/or if it is suitable in terms of operational activities, service vehicles may be used for transportation. The mentioned personnel will be supplied from the regional population whenever possible, and that will decrease the unemployment and contribute to the revival of the economy of the region. In addition to the work health and security trainings, other trainings required such as relevant professional training and courses taking into account the works they will perform in the construction and operational phases will be provided to the personnel employed from the region. Thus, the workers will be qualified. As road widening and restoration works will be conducted in the project area, the technical infrastructure conditions of the community living close to the facility will be advanced. 293 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT SECTION IX. THE EFFECTS WHICH MAY OCCUR AND CONTINUE AFTER THE OPERATIONS OF THE FACILITY ARE CLOSED AND THE PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN AGAINST THOSE EFFECTS IX.1. Land Improvement and Reclamation Works Land organization works will be conducted upon the completion of the construction. Generally the land improvement works include the area flattening and shaping processes. Immediately after making the land stable, recreation works will start within a specified landscape program. The excess excavated material arising during the construction of the project and the sludge obtained from sedimentation pools will be used in the completion of the construction, in the land improvement and in the reclamation works. The Energy Production License of the mentioned project shall be transferred to the state in accordance with the relevant laws at the end of 49 years which is the duration of the license or the production will continue by the renewal of the production license. In connection with the technological developments and the conditions of the day, the facility may be renewed and the production of electricity may be continued. In case that it is not possible, the facility will be closed and the land improvement works will start. As a result of the improvement works to be conducted, the land will be made ready to its new use. In places where needed, vegetation works suitable to climate conditions will be made. IX.2. The Effects on the Underground and Over Ground Water Resources After the close of the power plant, it will not have any effect on the under ground and over ground resource. During the land improvement works no material will be accumulated on the side of the river, no material will be poured to the river bed, no effect will be created in a way to change the flow of the water. In connection with that, after the close of the operation of the facility, it is not expected to arise any negative effects on the water resources. IX.3. Air Emissions Which may Occur It is not expected any air emission after the close of the operation of the power plant. In order to prevent the possibility of the diffusion of a little amount of natural gas to the atmosphere during the dismantling of the project units, necessary ventilation and cleaning procedures shall be performed with care. Additionally, replanting to be made during the land improvement and reclamation works and the air emission which may occur during the dismantling of the units in the project area will be held at the minimum level. 294 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT SECTION X. THE ALTERNATIVES OF THE PROJECT In this section, the selection of the location, the technology (burning-cooling system), the comparison of the precautions to be taken and of the alternatives and the ranking of the preferences will be described.) Location Selection Criteria and the Alternatives The land existing within the boundaries of Kırıkkale Province, Yahşihan County, Kılıçlar Municipality is deemed suitable for the establishment of the mentioned project. Primarily, the non-existence of the project area in any culture area or area which must be protected is the most important factor in the selection of this area. The project area is approximately 80 km from Ankara. During the selection of the project area, the proximity to Ankara Province was taken into consideration. Hereby, the energy produced will be able to be transmitted to Ankara and its close surroundings with lower costs. Additionally, the proximity of the project area to Kızılırmak River which is the water resource had considerable importance in the selection of the project area. The natural gas to be used as the fuel during the operation of the power plant shall be obtained from the Samsun-Ankara Natural Gas Pipe Line. The mentioned line passes next to the project area from the north of the area. As specified in the section VI.5. of the report, the natural gas is planned to be supplied from approximately 365+272 Km of the Samsun-Ankara Line. The criteria taken into consideration in the selection of the project area are listed below; Its existence at a remote distance to the settlements Its proximity to Kızılırmak River Its proximity to natural gas line The topographic characteristics of the land Its connection to the Interconnection System with low costs The characteristic of the area as a Treasury Land The requirement of the region for investments and employment Due to these advantages, no alternative area works have been conducted within the scope of the project. However, some alternative works have been conducted for the general placement within the area. - The conformity of the geometric and the general site plan to the existing environmental conditions - The topography of the area - Visual earth characteristics 295 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Alternative placement plans have been studied in the project area selected by taking these characteristics into consideration. The amount of the excavation and the land improvement works have been the most important cost criterion for the placement studies of the project units. Planned Placement Plan is presented in the annex. (See Annex-7) Burning Alternatives When the energy production figures in the world are examined, it is observed that the greatest share belongs to the fossil fuels with 60 %. When energy is obtained as a result of the burning of the fossil fuels, the products of the burning (gases such as CO 2, NOx and SO2) based on the fuel type, disperse in the atmosphere as smokestack gases. However, as a result of the use of some fuels, the smokestack gases may involve flying ash and hydrocarbons. For Large Burning Facilities, the NOx emissions which will arise during the burning of the natural gas in accordance with the Best Available Techniques are lower in comparison with the other fuels. It is observed in the graphic below that the natural gas produces less NO x in comparison with the coal and the petroleum. Primary fuel PETROLEUM COAL NOx Emission (mg/m3 STP, dry) Natural gas re-burning Petroleum re-burning Coal re-burning Not controlled Figure 114. The Comparison of the Coal, Petroleum, and Natural Gas Re-burning Fuels The percents of the use of the fossil fuels such as anthracite, petroleum products, natural gas, derived gases in accordance with the Best Available Techniques (BAT) among the Member Countries of the European Union are given. 296 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 95. The Rates of the Energy Produced in the Facilities with the Fossil Fuels of the Member Countries of the European Union (1997) Fuel Type Total Gross Electricity Energy Production (GW/s) Anthracite 471,797 Lignite 183,140 Petroleum Products 185,755 Natural Gas 332,331 Derived Gases 27,793 Other Fuels* 7,707 *Other Fuels: Such as Bitumen, Petroleum Coke, etc. Total % 39.04 15.16 15.37 27.50 2.30 0.63 In our country, natural gas is used mostly for energy resource. The share of the natural gas is approximately 38.6 %, the share of the hydroelectricity energy is 30 %, the share of the lignite and the coal is 13 %, and the share of the wind energy is 0.04 % within the total energy resources. Again, within the scope of the investigation conducted among the Member Countries of the European Union (1990 – 1997), while the natural gas showed approximately an increase of 134 %, the anthracite decreased approximately in the rate of 14 %. The reasons why the rate of use of the natural gas in the European Union Countries increases in that way and why its rate of use is high in our country; Natural gas is a non-poisonous gas. That the natural gas is a clean fuel provides an important advantage in terms of the maintenance and the operation of the facility. In case that the fuel-oil or the coal is burned, the layer of the ash and the soot accumulated on the heating surfaces of the radiator boilers both corrodes the surfaces and decreases the productivity of the boilers preventing the passage of the heat. Preliminary preparation and storage are not required for the burning of the natural gas: In case that the natural gas is used, the fuel preparation and the ash disposal procedures are not required. Both fuel-oil and the coal must be stored. The use of the other fuels requires preliminary preparations such as filtering, heating, breaking and drying. Those increase the costs of the facility. However, in the facilities of the power plant with the natural gas fuel, such a phase of the preparation of the fuel is not required. As can be seen in the work flow schema of the facility, the natural gas will be directly taken to the gas turbine. A secure operation is provided with the automatic controls. And this decreases the operations costs. Its thermal efficiency is higher in comparison with the fuel-oil and the coal. It is possible to decrease the production of the emission gases in the source in the Natural Gas Cycle Power plant. The burners producing low NOx will be used in the mentioned facility. 297 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Within the scope of the European Union Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive (IPPCC), in the Reference Document on the Best Available Techniques for Large Combustion Plants, it is stated that the dry low NOx preliminary mixing burners (DLN) are the current best technique, as the current best technique for the decrease of the nitrogen oxides (NOx), generally in the gas turbines, gas motors and the vapor boilers working with gas. In the same document, there are water or vapor injection, dry low NOx (DLN) technologies and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) among the technologies of prevention used in the reduction of the NOx emissions. Dry low NOx burners will be used by thinking the advantages in the reduction of the NOx Emissions within the scope of the mentioned ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power plant (NGCCPP). The main characteristic of the dry low NOx burners is the mixture of the air and the fuel and both burnings occur in two consecutive steps. Before burning, by mixing the air with the fuel, a low flame degree and a homogenous distribution degree are obtained which result in the low NOx emissions. If all cleaning, storage, fuel preparation and ash disposal costs are taken into consideration, the natural gas cycle power plants provide important gains in both the investment and the operations costs. According to a study performed, only in operations costs, a saving of about 1 % of the annual consumption is provided in case that the natural gas is burned in comparison with the burning of the fuel-oil. That saving will be much higher in case that it is compared with coal. When the increases in the productivities of the boilers are taken into consideration, natural gas has been observed to provide at least an additional 10 % of operational economy in comparison with the other fuels. The Alternatives of the Cooling System Some alternative systems were evaluated in the selection of the cooling system to be used in ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power plant. During the evaluation of those alternatives, the cost and the productivity of the investment, and the proximity of the area on which the facility will be established to the water resource are among the other important parameters. The systems evaluated during the feasibility studies are; The Type of the Cooling System The Cooling Equipment Once Through Cooling System Once Through Cooling System Circulated Water Cooling System Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower Natural Draft Cooling Tower Air Cooled Condenser Dry System 298 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Once Through Cooling System In the Once Through Cooling System, the water obtained from the water resource is passed through the vapor condenser and given back to the water resource as heated. No water consumption or vapor loss occurs within the cooling system. The flow schema of a typical once through cooling system is shown below; Thot – Tcold = 6 – 70C (Generally) Figure 115. Once Through Cooling System Advantages High Productivity Low Installation and Operations Costs Low Water Consumption Disadvantages High Rates of Water Intake Dragging and Bumping The increase in the temperature of the discharged water Circulated Water Cooling System In the circulated water cooling system, as in the once through cooling system, the vapor is condensed and passed through water cooled tubes. However, the cooling water heated is re-circulated by cooling it in the cooling towers rather than being discharged into the river. The flow schema of a typical circulated water cooling system is shown below; 299 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Figure 116. Circulated Water Cooling System In the Circulated Water Cooling System, less water is taken in comparison with the Once Through Cooling System, and the taken water is used in the system by circulating it. Some of the water is evaporated in the cooling system and some of it is discharged into the water resource as blow out water. The loss of the evaporated water and the loss of the blow out water must be compensated from the water resource in the cooling system. Advantages Disadvantages Low Rates of Water Intake High Investment Costs Low Dragging and Bumping Water Consumption/Evaporation Losses The water obtained from the natural Large Installation Area environment will be discharged into the receiving environment after decontamination. The Requirement for Decontamination Facility Low Productivity The Circulated Water Cooling Systems are classified into two in terms of the circulation of the air as the natural draft cooling tower and the mechanical draft cooling tower. In the natural draft cooling tower, the air is circulated by natural convection. And in the mechanical draft cooling tower, the air is circulated by fans. The advantages of the mechanical draft cooling towers are listed below; When it is thought that they have the same capacity, the mechanical draft cooling towers cover less area in comparison with the natural draft cooling towers. The reason of that is that as the volume of the air obtained through the fans is higher, their cooling capacity is higher. Capacity control may be performed in the mechanical draft cooling towers. The volume of the air existing in the cooling towers may be adjusted by the adjustment of the speed of the fans. Thus, capacity control is allowed. 300 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Although the natural draft cooling towers have to be established in the open areas, the mechanical draft cooling towers may be installed in the covered areas. Despite those advantages, as the fans are used their costs of establishment and operation are higher. Dry System The dry systems are grouped in two as direct and indirect dry systems. In Direct Dry Systems the exhaust gas going out of the turbines is given to the Dry Type Condenser (ACC). Hot air is given into the atmosphere. The dry systems may be natural draft and mechanical draft types as in the wet systems. Figure 117. The flow schema of the Dry System Advantages Disadvantages Low Amounts of Water Consumption High Costs of Establishment and Operation Low Dragging and Bumping High Productivity Errors High Air Emissions Loading Limiting in hot days Large Establishment Area 301 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT In the facilities with dry systems, as there will be no use of water in the vapor condensers, the consumption of water reduces. This kind of systems is generally preferred when there is not any water resource. The results of the comparison of the cooling technologies used in the energy power plants in California in terms of some parameters obtained from the study of the California Energy Commission which was prepared in 2002 are presented below; Cooling System Types Parameters Once Through Cooling System Water Consumption Lower Circulated Water Cooling System Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower 8-12 gallons/minute per MWe The Costs of Investment The Costs of Operations and Maintenance Reference Reference The maintenance of the pumps, the Condenser of the Cooling System It shows variations with the region, fans/ pump power, water decontamination, filling the cooling tower, cleaning of the condensers --- Performance Errors The errors show variations based on the meteorology of the project area. Water Intake from Natural Resource Approximately 500 gallons/minute per MWe Approximately 500 gallons/minute per MWe Increase in the temperature of the discharged water and the residual chlorine contained in the discharged water Discharge Approximately 10-15 gallons/minute per MWe Approximately 2-5 gallons/minute per MWe Air Cooled Condenser Approximately 0-5 % of the Mechanical Draft Cooling System 1.5 – 3 times of the systems considered as the reference Expanded cleaning of the surfaces, the maintenance of the gear boxes, the power of the fans It shows variations with the region, 5-20 % of capacity deficiency arises in hot and windy weathers. ----- The selection of the cooling system to be used in the projects of natural gas combined cycle power plant is conducted by taking the following parameters into consideration; - The Meteorological Conditions of the Project Area - The Altitude of the Project Area - The Supply of Water - The Conditions of Wind - Regional Environmental Limitations - Other activities in the region The costs and the productivity of the investment and the proximity of the area on which the facility will be established to the water resource are among the other important parameters during the evaluation of the cooling system alternatives to be used in ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power plant. 302 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Primarily, Once Through Cooling System was taken into consideration, the costs of investment of which are the lowest and the productivity of which is the highest, since Kızılırmak River, one of the largest water resources, is in close proximity to the project area. In addition to the Once Through Cooling System, Circulated Water Cooling System – Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower is evaluated as a cooling alternative of the mentioned project. Once Through Cooling System was not selected within the scope of the project in the feasibility studies performed because that the amount of the water to be required during the life of the operation is too high and that it is possible for problems to arise with regard to the continuous supply of the water in the future when the variable conditions of the climate are taken into consideration in case that it is established. In 2000, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency conducted a comparative study of the environmental impacts of wet vs. dry cooling. Their conclusion was that the energy consumption per lb. condensate was higher for dry cooling than for wet cooling and that the atmospheric emissions associated with that energy consumption was also higher. The energy penalty also increases with the ambient air temperature. These disadvantages are offset by the cooling water intake flow being reduced by 99% over that required by a once-through system; or 4-7% over a closed cooling water system. They also noted that dry cooling eliminates visual plumes, fog, mineral drift and water treatment and waste disposal issues. However, their conclusion was that, ‘dry cooling does not represent the “best available technology (BAT)” for minimizing environmental impact’. ( Reference: EPA Rule316(b) New Facility Rule, Chapter3: Energy Penalties and Chapter4: Dry Cooling, published.EPA(2000) ) Further, the area required by ACC cooling system is larger than that area required to install Mehanical draft cooling system, therefore, with a Mechanical draft cooling system the natural habitat of the site is preserved more than with ACC. Dry cooling has the benefit of eliminating visual plumes, fog, mineral drift, and water treatment and disposal issues associated with wet cooling towers. The disadvantages of dry cooling include an increase in noise generation and decrease in efficiency of electricity generation which lead to an increase in air emissions as compared to wet cooling systems. Since both dry and wet cooling systems will have impacts on the environment, then the constraints become economically based and are centered on reliable, cost effective performance and unit availability. Due to the above reasons and that their costs of investment are higher and that the project area is very close to the water resource, the Air Cooled Condenser (ACC) and the Natural Draft Cooling Tower were not evaluated within the scope of the project. In the feasibility studies, Once Through Cooling System is not selected due to reason that continuous supply may create problems by taking into account too high water requirement and variable climatic conditions . 303 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT It was detected that lower amounts of water are required in the studies performed for the Circulated Water Cooling System – Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower in comparison with the Once Through Cooling System. In that kind of systems, units such as Water Storage Units are needed to be established which do not exist in other systems. The establishment of those units causes extra costs. Despite those extra costs, the Mechanical Draft Cooling System has a lower cost of investment in comparison with the Air Cooled Condenser and with the Natural Draft Cooling Towers. And for the Circulated Water Cooling System – Natural Draft Cooling Tower, due to the reasons of the non-existence of sufficient area and of the non-suitability of the topography of the project area, the mentioned system was not evaluated in the feasibility studies. The selection of the Circulated Water Cooling System – Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower is found to be the most feasible system for the project by taking the feasibility studies and the literature surveys conducted into consideration, and the Mechanical Draft Cooling System will be established within the scope of the mentioned power plant. The use of wet cooling system shall not result on Delta –T increase in the river, both in the summer and winter months. 304 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT SECTION XI. THE MITIGATION AND MONITORING PROGRAM AND THE EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN XI.1. The Monitoring Program Proposed for the Construction of the Activity, the Operation of the Activity and the Monitoring Program Proposed for the Post Operation and the Emergency Intervention Plan XI.1.1 The Monitoring Program The main objective in the Monitoring Program to be prepared within the scope of the project is the determination of the environmental effects in the periods of the construction, the operation and the post operation of the project, and to inspect that the works are performed in accordance with the Environmental Laws. The details of the monitoring works within the scope of the activities of the construction and the operation of the project are given in the Table 96 and the Table 97 below. According to Turkish Legislation, during the construction period, monitoring activities shall be conducted between periods determined by Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning (once in 3 months, 6 months etc.) for the EIA Report prepared activities. In the scope of monitoring, monitoring reports are prepared and submitted to the Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning. These reports will be available in Eser Holding Center Building and temporary construction site for stakeholders review and conduct their views. During the operation period, an annual report on environmental and social performance will be prepared and published in our website. During the operation phase, emissions, wastewater, noise, treatment plant sludge from the facility will be measured and monitored in accordance with format and periods mentioned in the local requirements. These data will be submitted to the Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning in both audits conducted by the Ministry and within the time limits required by the legislation. 305 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table 96. The Mitigation and Monitoring Program of the Land Preparation and of the Construction Phase The Parameter to be Monitored The Historical, Cultural, and Archeological Assets The Scraping of the Vegetative Earth Excavation Works The Relevant Activity The Mitigating Precaution In case that any cultural and archeological asset is encountered within the scope of the land preparation and excavation works, the closest Museum Directorate or the Directorate of the Commission of the Protection of the Cultural and Natural Assets Taking the vegetative earth over the surface earth by scraping it in accordance with its characteristics How are the scraping and the excavation procedures performed, the use and/or the storage of the excavation materials in a way not to damage the environment The immediate stopping of the excavation works, and their continuation under the scrutiny of the relevant institution and/or with its permission, Air Emissions Land Works Vehicle Emissions All work machinery and equipments to be used in all construction activities beginning from the vehicle organization phase The Security of the Floor Land preparation works and construction The storage of the vegetative earth taken by scraping, without mixing it with the excavation earth in order for it not to lose its characteristics and to use it in the landscape works, - In order to prevent the dust clouds during the scraping and the excavation procedures, performing watering by watering truck, - The use of the materials obtained from the excavation procedures in filling procedures, - The storage of the excess excavation materials without damaging the surrounding land in accordance with the standards specified in the Control Regulations of the Excavation Earth, Construction and Wreckage Wastes in the area which Kılıçlar Municipality showed, - Performing the loading and the unloading works without making any scattering during the land works, - covering loading trucks to prevent dust emissions. - Improving the roads used when necessary, - Watering the roads used with watering trucks in order to reduce and minimize the dust clouds on the roads during the carrying of the materials, - Holding the upper parts of the materials at 10 % humidity in order to prevent the dust clouds on the roads during the carrying of the materials, - Complying with the provisions specified in the Industrial Air Pollution Control Regulation(IAPCR) - Performing the regular routine maintenance of all the vehicles to be used, - Performing the regular exhaust emission measurements of all the vehicles to be used, - Complying with the relevant provisions of the Regulations with regard to the Control of the Emissions of the Exhaust Gases Arising from the Motorized Land Vehicles Driven in the Traffic, Taking the projected security and the drainage precautions in order to provide the security of the floor specified in the Geological/Geotechnical Reports on which the development plan is based 306 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 The Duration of the Monitoring During the land preparation and the excavation procedures The Curator During the land preparation and the excavation procedures During the land preparation and the excavation procedures - The Contractor Firm During the construction procedures - The Contractor Firm During the construction procedures - The Contractor Firm During the construction procedures - The Contractor Firm - The Contractor Firm, - Museum Directorate, - Protection Commission Directorate - The Contractor Firm ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 307 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The Parameter to be Monitored Waste water The Relevant Activity The Mitigating Precaution The use of water having the household characteristic The use of water in the ready concrete facility Solid Wastes Creation of the household wastes Construction and excavation wastes Package Wastes Personnel requirements construction procedures Vegetative Oils Meeting the dining requirements of the personnel - The prevention of throwing wastes in a not controlled way into the surface water resources, - The use of the washing waste waters going out of the ready concrete facility in the washing procedures again in the concrete facility and/or as additive water after it is precipitated in the sedimentation pool, - The discharge of the household waste waters with their decontamination in the package waste water decontamination facility and with the compliance with the limit values, - Complying with the relevant provisions of the Control Regulations of the Water Pollution and with the minimum limit values - The accumulation of the household wastes which will occur as a result of meeting the requirements of the personnel in covered leak proof cases separated from other wastes, their collection in certain periods by the municipality and their disposals, - Complying with the relevant provisions of the Control Regulations of the Solid Wastes, - The separate collection of the recyclable and/or the transformable materials, their reuse and/or their delivery to the licensed recycling facilities, - Conducting the analyses of the precipitated sludge and its disposal in accordance with the results of the analyses - The separate collection of the Package Wastes which will arise within the scope of the construction activities from other wastes, the disposal of the collected wastes by delivering them to licensed firms, - Preventing them from mixing with other wastes, and preventing their disposal with the household wastes, - Preventing their throws into the environment in a not controlled fashion, - Complying with the relevant provisions of the Control Regulations of the Packages and the Package Wastes, - The separate collection of the wastes which will arise while meeting the requirements of the personnel in leak proof cases, and the disposal of the collected wastes by delivering them to licensed firms, - Preventing their throws into the environment in a not controlled fashion, - Complying with the relevant provisions of the Control Regulations of the Vegetative Waste Oils, - Conducting the analyses of all waste oils and motor oils by the authorized laboratories which will arise from all kinds of machinery and vehicles to be used within the scope of the construction activities, and their delivery to the licensed firms in order to dispose them in the Recycling and/or Disposal Facilities in accordance with the results of the analyses, - Complying with the relevant provisions of the Control Regulations of the Waste Oils, - Delivering the tires which completed their lives of the vehicles to be used during the construction works to the licensed disposal facilities, - Complying with the relevant provisions of the Control Regulations of the Tires Which Completed Their Lives, Waste Waste Oils The tires completed lives which their and All procedures to be performed in all construction activities beginning from the land organization phase and the work machinery and equipments to be used in those activities The work machinery and equipments to be used in construction activities beginning from the land organization phase 308 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 The Duration of the Monitoring During the construction procedures The Curator During construction procedures the - The Contractor Firm During construction procedures the - The Contractor Firm During construction procedures the - The Contractor Firm During construction procedures the - The Contractor Firm During construction procedures the - The Contractor Firm - The Contractor Firm ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The Parameter to be Monitored Waste Batteries and Accumulator The Relevant Activity The Mitigating Precaution All procedures to be performed in all construction activities beginning from the land organization phase and the work machinery and equipments to be used in those activities Medicinal Wastes Personnel Requirements Noise All procedures to be performed in all construction activities beginning from the land organization phase and the work machinery and equipments to be used in those activities All construction activities beginning from the land organization phase - Transporting the waste batteries of the vehicles to be used during the construction works to the collection points or to the temporary storage areas, - The separate collection of all kinds of waste cells within the framework of the provisions of the regulations, - Sending the collected waste cells to the firms which have the License of Collecting the Waste Cells, - Complying with the relevant provisions of the Control Regulations of the Waste Cells and Batteries, - The medicinal wastes arising from the personnel who will work in the construction phase will be collected separately from other wastes and in special cases, - The collected medicinal wastes will be disposed of by signing a medicinal waste disposal agreement with the relevant municipality, - Complying with the relevant provisions of the Control Regulations of the Medicinal Wastes, - Performing the regular maintenance of the equipments to be used in the construction works, - Complying with the relevant provisions of the Regulations of the Evaluation and the Management of the Environmental Noise, Flora Fauna Agricultural Areas Transportation to the area of activity Excavation procedures Forest Areas All construction activities beginning from the land organization phase Meeting Personnel Requirements the Housing, Infrastructure requirements - Laying out the vegetative earth again scraped for the preparation of the land during construction activities and vegetating it in compliance with the natural vegetation, - Preventing the hunting of the personnel during construction works, - The clouds of dust will be prevented by watering the gravel roads by watering trucks in order to prevent the agricultural lands around the road used during the transportation to the area of the activity be affected negatively. - During excavation works, the damages to the existing agricultural lands in the region will be prevented by taking the precautions preventing the clouds of dust (such as watering by the watering trucks). - Before the activity, the necessary permissions from Kırıkkale Forest Operation Chairmanship will be obtained, - No excess excavation materials will be poured into the forest areas. - The staff who will be employed in the project shall be first selected from the persons who reside in the settlements in the project area and its surroundings. In that case, if the staff coming from close settlements require to reside in their own houses and/or if it is suitable in terms of operational activities, service vehicles may be used for transportation, - The establishment of the temporary construction camp for the personnel who will come from outside, - Meeting all kinds of infrastructure requirements of the employed personnel by the social facilities to be constructed in the construction areas, 309 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 The Duration of the Monitoring During the construction procedures The Curator During construction procedures the - The Contractor Firm During construction procedures the - The Contractor Firm During construction procedures During construction procedures the - The Contractor Firm the - The Contractor Firm During construction procedures During construction procedures the - The Contractor Firm the - The Contractor Firm - The Contractor Firm ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The Parameter to be Monitored Work Health and Security The Relevant Activity The Mitigating Precaution All construction activities beginning from the land organization phase - Working in accordance with the provisions of the Regulations of the Health and the Security in the Construction Works within the scope of the construction works Transportation All construction activities beginning from the land organization phase - Complying with the tonnage limitations during the transportation of the materials, - Complying with the relevant provisions of the Land Ways Traffic Act. The Duration of the Monitoring During the construction procedures During the construction procedures The Curator - The Contractor Firm - The Contractor Firm Table 97. The Mitigation and Monitoring Program of Operational Phase The Parameter to be Monitored Air Emissions The Relevant Activity The Mitigating Precaution The smokestack gases arising from the burning of the natural gas for the production of the electricity energy - Performing continuous measurements during the operation of the power plant, - Holding the emission values below the limit values in the regulations, - Using dry burners producing low NOx, - Complying with the relevant provisions of the Regulations of Large Burning Facilities and of the Control Regulations of the Industry Based Air Pollution. Waste water Household waste waters Process waste waters - Discharging the waste waters after decontaminating them in the Waste Water Decontamination Facility arising during the operation of the power plant, - Discharging the household waste waters after decontaminating them in the Package Waste Water Decontamination Facility, During operation Solid Wastes / Dangerous Wastes Household solid wastes Solid wastes arising from repairs and maintenances of the operations Sludge of the decontamination facility - The accumulation of the household wastes which will occur as a result of meeting the requirements of the personnel in covered leak proof cases separated from other wastes, their collection in certain periods by the municipality and their disposals, - Complying with the relevant provisions of the Control Regulations of the Solid Wastes, - The separate collection of the recyclable and/or the transformable materials, their reuse and/or their delivery to the licensed recycling facilities, - Conducting the analyses of the precipitated sludge and its disposal in accordance with the results of the analyses, During operation Packing Wastes Personnel requirements and operating activities - Ensuring that Packing Wastes that shall come into existence within scope of Operating Activities are collected separately from other wastes, ensuring collected wastes are disposed of by giving them to licensed firms. - Preventing them to be mixed up with other wastes, preventing them from being disposed of with domestic wastes, - Preventing them from being thrown away to environment uncontrollably, - Abiding by the relevant provisions of Directive on Control of Packing and Packing Wastes - To deliver waste oils and motor oils that shall come into existence due to all kinds of machines and equipments to be used within scope of operating activities to licensed firms 310 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 The Duration of the Monitoring During operation During operation The Curator Farcan Energy Generation Corporation Provincial Environment and Urbanization Directorates Farcan Energy Generation Corporation Provincial Environment and Urbanization Directorates Farcan Energy Generation Corporation - Farcan Energy Generation Inc. Co. Farcan Energy Generation Inc. Co.- ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Waste Oils Waste Batteries and Accumulators Noise Engineering vehicles and equipments at operation stage. Engineering vehicles and equipments at operation stage. Engineering vehicles and equipments at operation stage. in order to ensure that they are analyzed by Authorized laboratories and disposed of in Recycling and/or Disposal facilities in accordance with results of analysis, - Abiding by the relevant provisions of Directive on Waste Oil Control - To provide that waste accumulators to come into existence due to vehicles to be used during operating stage are taken away to collecting points or to temporary storage areas, - To provide that all kinds of waste batteries to come into existence within scope of operating activities are collected separately within frame of provisions of directives, To ensure that collected waste batteries are delivered to firms having Waste Battery Collection License. - To abide by relevant provisions of Directive on control of Waste Battery and Accumulators - Getting equipments to be used during operation maintained regularly, - Abiding by the relevant provisions of Directive on Evaluation and Management of Environmental Noise and ensuring limit values. 311 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 During operation During operation During operation Provincial Directorates of Environment and Urban Planning, Farcan Energy Generation Inc. Co.Provincial Directorates of Environment and Urban Planning, Farcan Energy Generation Inc. Co.Provincial Directorates of Environment and Urban Planning, ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Emergency Response Plan Details of “Emergency Action Plan” which is prepared separately for each emergency cases in a way to comprise all kinds of construction activities and operating stage afterwards within project for the emergency cases that might occur as a result of any kinds of natural disasters and accidents are given in this section in order to keep all damages from these emergencies at the lowest level. All personnel should be informed of the emergency cases and things to do in order that the works in the Emergency Action Plan are performed properly when necessary. Beside special trainings to be provided to teams that shall be tasked in emergencies, all personnel working in construction and operating stages shall be trained on "Emergency Practices" subject. Also, "Emergency Exercises" shall be performed periodically for the purpose of measuring and stepping up impact values of these trainings. Emergency action plan shall be hanging on "Quality and OHS" boards in order that personnel can read at any time; the persons involved in this plan and phone numbers shall be written and shall be kept up-todate. An "Emergency Assembly Area" shall be designated in working area where all workers shall be able to gather via shortest way in case of an emergency. Also, guide signs that shall ensure finding this area easily, and a big signboard indicating this area shall be placed in working site. "Emergency Evacuation Plan" shall be drawn, also how to leave the area in case of emergency shall be conveyed to workers and these plans shall be hanged on certain places of working area. An "Emergency Alarm System" shall be installed in facility at operating stage and personnel shall be informed of its usage. "Emergency Requirement Kits" which contain materials to be used in emergencies shall be placed in certain points of working site. These boxes shall be controlled periodically. 1. Teams of Emergency Action Plan and Their Responsibilities Within frame of Emergency Action Plan, every personnel affected from emergency has certain responsibilities. Details and tasks of teams to be formed coordinately for emergencies are given below. 1.a. Crisis Desk: 1. Ensures that a panic situation does not develop, calms down the ambience and puts the emergency plan into action by managing the emergency with very quick assessments. 2. General Manager presides over the Managerial Staff. He is charged in crisis desk and he provides the coordination of crisis desk. In case of an emergency, he immediately goes to Crisis Center. 3. A person responsible for administrative affairs is responsible for emergency roll call. 4. Crisis desk directs and administers the other teams. 5. Provides inter-team coordination. 6. Decides that the emergency is ended. 312 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 313 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 1.b. Response Teams: 1. Respond with necessary equipments to the places where they decide they can respond to. 2. A leader is selected from response teams. This leader gives necessary information by calling important numbers such as 110 and 112. 3. Response teams receive instructions from their leaders. 4. 2-3 response teams can be organized if needed. 5. They maintain security and pave the way for rescue teams. 6. Response teams are selected from trained personnel. 1.c. Rescue Teams: 1. Members of this team are comprised of specially trained persons. These persons go to Crisis Center immediately when an emergency occurs, give their roll call there and they are managed from there. First Aid Teams are also involved in rescue teams. 2. Rescue team is tasked by Crisis Desk. Rescue teams are selected from trained personnel. 3. Feasibility of rescue works are determined after reporting of "hazard assessment" studies to be performed urgently by these teams. 4. They start rescue works going to the place determined by Crisis Center by special equipments. 5. They bring adequate material bags, gunnysacks and blankets to emergency area. 6. In case of emergency, they rescue living creatures first, if any. 7. In case of emergency, they carry first "THE FIRST TO BE RECOVERED IN FIRE" labeled, then respectively "RED, BLUE GREEN" labeled documents and goods to an area free of fire danger yet. 8. While recovering materials, a safety corridor is formed starting from the flammable materials closest to emergency area. 9. They deliver rescued goods to guard team. 10. They report their works to Crisis Center. 1.d. First Aid Team: 1. First Aid Team is selected from trained personnel who have received "Basic First Aid Certificate". 2. They prepare materials for the wounded persons. 3. They prepare stretcher and medicine for carrying the wounded persons. 4. They perform necessary first response to the wounded persons. 5. They help health personnel coming to incident scene. 1.e. Company Guard Teams: 1. They are teams of 2-4 persons comprised of maintainers and manufacture, quality etc personnel knowing critical facilities. Company Guard Teams are selected from trained personnel. 2. Team leaders convey information about the points to consider during works. 3. They start their works by instruction from Crisis Center. 4. They provide security of the materials recovered from the fire. 5. They do not allow anyone to come closer to their place. 6. They prevent panic and chaos. 314 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 7. 8. They do not allow delivery of material to anyone except authorized persons until damage assessment is performed, they deliver materials by signature. When the works are ended, they submit their observations to Crisis Center by relevant forms. 2. Things to do in Emergencies Possible emergency cases and things to do in these cases are explained in details below. 2.1. General In any emergency case; 1. Stay calm and try to understand what has happened. 2. Start "Emergency Alarm" if available. 3. Try to keep away from the materials that are possible to harm you. 4. Try to go to the Emergency Assembly Area as stated in Emergency Evacuation Plan. 5. Secure your head and face assuredly. 6. Turn off power switch in case of fire and flood when leaving your place. Never use elevators. 7. Act in accordance with the information to be given by the crisis desk. 2.2. Earthquake Measures to be taken; 1. Indoor furniture in working area that are possible to tumble down and fall shall be fixed. 2. Flammable materials and chemical substances shall be stored as caps closed and in a way not to tumble down. 3. A list of machines to stop operation and valves to be turned off first in case of an earthquake shall be prepared. 315 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Things to do in emergency cases are given below as flow chart; Personnel staying indoors shall wait earthquake to end in safe places such as under or near table, near armchairs and coaches etc; while personnel outdoors shall wait in a place as far as possible from buildings. After earthquake ended, the machines in the list are stopped operating and necessary response is applied to the valves and switches to be turned off. Should go to emergency assembly area as stated in emergency evacuation plan. Crisis desk ensures that everybody is assembled in a safe place, builds up required teams very urgently and dispatches them to their tasks. In case of any damage Response Teams inform Ambulance Emergency and Fire Department. Controls whether any human being is under wreckage. Informs Rescue Teams about detected wounded persons. First Aid teams detect the wounded persons and perform necessary first response. Afterwards, dispatches them to the nearest healthcare organization. Rescue teams recover the wounded persons that can be freed from the wreckage at once. After detecting that the working area is safe, damage assessment in critical points are performed first, and situations posing danger are identified primarily and necessary measures are taken. 316 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 2.3. Fire Measures to be taken; 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Automatic fire alarm-extinguisher system shall be installed in facility; personnel shall be trained on its periodic maintenances and usage. Fire extinguishers shall be checked once in a month, shall be ensured to be full and clean, their locations shall be indicated on the plan and shall never be changed. Any work shall not be performed by using heat source near inflammable materials that might cause fire; cigarette shall never be smoked. Personnel shall be trained on usage and locations of fire extinguishers and they shall be provided to be applied in exercise. Attention shall be paid to overheating that might occur due to continuously working or working with friction of any machine. Fire safety precautions shall be taken against works that might spark such as welding/cutting etc. If there is any inflammable material around, these operations shall not be performed in that place. Exterior surfaces of machines shall be kept oil-free and clean. Damaged power outlets and spliced cables shall not be allowed in working site, offices and rooms. Inflammable, combustible material shall not be placed over, near stoves, radiators and other heating devices in offices, barracks and dormitories. Electric furnaces, ventilators and other electric instruments shall be turned off, plugged out at the end of work day. Electric stoves, electric furnaces and ironer, furnaces of gasoline, spirit, gas and liquid gas shall not be used in rooms other than laboratory, restaurant, laundry, canteen and workshops as required by service. Principally automatic fuses shall be used in indoor electric installation of buildings. Care shall be taken when performing heat treatment indoors.. All kinds of warning signs, instructions shall be complied with. Fire shall never be started in and around working site in no case. Attention shall be paid to workplace cleaning to prevent fire outbreak. Inflammable liquids shall be kept in special vessels. Care shall be taken for closed vessels containing oxygen are not oiled. Oxygen in pressure vessel fulminates when combined with oil. Fire fighting drill shall be conducted once a year, trainings shall be given on subjects of, which extinguishers shall be used in which type of fire. Fire hoses shall not be used for works other than fire. 317 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Things to do in emergency case are given below as flow chart; In case fire is small, the person who sees fire first shall intervene to fire with the closest fire extinguisher or hose. If fire is so big not to be extinguished by this way, "Fire Alarm" is started. If fire is so big not to be extinguished by personally, should move away from fire place, Fire Department, Hızır Emergency and crisis desk teams are informed. Should go to emergency assembly area as stated in emergency evacuation plan. Crisis desk ensures that everybody is assembled in a safe place, builds up required teams very urgently and dispatches them to their tasks. Machines stated in the list are stopped operating and necessary response is applied to the valves and switches to be turned off. Rescue Teams are informed of the detected wounded persons. Rescue teams try to save first living creatures, then documents and goods in order of priorities without endangering their own life safety. First Aid teams detect the wounded persons and perform necessary first responses. Afterwards, dispatches them to the nearest healthcare organization. If fire cannot be stopped and continues to grow, other facilities around are informed. After detecting that the working area is safe, damage assessment in critical points are performed first, and situations posing danger are identified primarily and necessary measures are taken. 318 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 2.4. Flood and Inundations Measure to be taken; 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Water drainage and sewerage systems in working site shall be controlled periodically. Chemical substances the contact with water of which is dangerous shall be stored in high places as caps closed. Points having high potential of flood shall be identified, working area and facilities shall be installed in a place that is higher than overflow level. A separate Emergency Assembly area shall be designated for flood disaster if necessary. This area shall be selected from the highest points of working area and facility. Flood warnings shall be followed-up in intense precipitation seasons; "Flash Flood Observation" shall be performed on a high point designated previously. 319 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Things to do in emergency case are given below as flow chart; "Emergency Alarm" is started as a result of warning given from flash flood observation. Machines stated in the list are stopped operating and necessary response is applied to the valves and switches to be turned off. Should go to emergency assembly area that is designated for flood as stated in emergency evacuation plan. Personnel who are under ground floor are evacuated primarily. Crisis desk ensures that everybody is assembled in a safe place, builds up required teams very urgently and dispatches them to their tasks. Rescue teams try to save first living creatures, then documents and goods in order of priorities without endangering their own life safety. Should wait in emergency assembly area until flood situation is over. First Aid teams detect the wounded persons and perform necessary first responses. Afterwards, dispatches them to the nearest healthcare organization. After detecting that the working area is safe, damage assessment in critical points are performed first, and situations posing danger are identified primarily and necessary measures are taken. 320 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 2.5. Natural Gas Leakage Measures to be taken; 1. 2. 3. 4. Entrance to areas where natural gas pipes and pressure stations are located shall be prohibited except for authorized personnel. These areas shall be isolated by wire fence etc. materials if necessary. Cigarette shall not be smoked and fire shall not be started inside the facility in no case. Detectors shall be located in places considered necessary for detecting gas leakages and they shall be maintained periodically. Valves to be intervened in emergency and by whom they shall be turned off shall be determined in advance. Things to do in emergency case are given below as flow chart; "Emergency Alarm" is started when natural gas leakage is detected. Indoor windows and doors are opened. Machines stated in the list are stopped operating and necessary response is applied to the valves and switches to be turned off. Should go to emergency assembly area as stated in emergency evacuation plan. Crisis desk ensures that everybody is assembled in a safe place, builds up required teams very urgently and dispatches them to their tasks. Response Teams detect the gas leaking point with necessary equipment and turn off the valve throttling the leaking gas. Should wait in emergency assembly area until natural gas in ambience is dissolved completely. First Aid teams detect the wounded persons and perform necessary first responses. Afterwards, dispatch them to the nearest healthcare organization. After detecting that the working area is safe, damage assessment in critical points are performed first, and situations posing danger are identified primarily and necessary measures are taken. 321 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 2.6. In case of accident The following measures will be taken in case of an emergency such as accident: 1. The plant operation shall be shut down immediately. 2. Local and relevant authorities shall be notified immediately, 3. Necessary actions and measures to be taken based on the nature of the accident which have to take in consideration minimizing any negative impact on the river water ecology. XI.2. In Case EIA Positive Certificate is Given, Program With Respect to Execution of Matters Involved in Fourth Paragraph of "Obligations of Institutions/Organizations That Received Certificate of Competency" Heading in Competency Communiqué Environmental impacts of ESER (NGCCP) project that might happen at construction and operating stages are analyzed in details in relevant sections. Points to take into consideration and measures to be taken for the purpose of protecting environmental and human health are explained in details to in the analyses carried out within scope of the project. Main objectives of Monitoring Program to be established within scope of the project are determination of environmental impacts during construction and operating stages of project and overseeing that works are performed in accordance with Environmental Legislation. Details of monitoring works within scope of operating and construction activities of the project are given in the tables under Heading XI.1. Within scope of Competency Certificate Communiqué, "Obligations of Institutions/Organizations That Received Certificate of Competency" heading, Paragraph 4; Investment Construction Stage Monitoring-Control Form for Commitments Made in EIA Reports in Annex-4 of this Communiqué shall be filled and submitted to Ministry in monitoring-control periods stated in Final EIA Report. 322 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT SECTION XII. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION (How and with which methods locals who shall probably be affected by the project are informed, community's opinion about the project, comments on subject) Public Participation Meeting date was determined as 03.06.2011 and Determination of Scope and Summary Format Meeting date was determined as 09.06.2011 by Ministry of Environment and Forestry. "Public Participation Meeting" in line with 9. Article of directive on Environmental Impact Assessment within scope of project was held in City Tavern of Kılıçlar Municipality; meeting place was determined together with Kırıkkale Provincial Directorate of Environment and Urban Planning. Locals Who Shall Probably Affected by the Project The settlement that is closest to the project site is Hacıbalı Village which is located at a distance of around 2.000 m. Apart from this, there are Irmak Municipality at a distance of around 3.000, Kılıçlar Municipality which is located at a distance of around 5.000 m and Yahşihan Municipality at a distance of around 6.000 m. People living in these settlements are selected as locals who shall probably affected by the project at construction and operating stages of the project, and date, time and place of Public Participation Meeting are announced by methods such as newspaper, municipality announcement system and manual delivery of notice publications. Methods Used For Public Participation in EIA Process Public Participation Meeting that is held for Participation of Public in EIA process is announced in a local and national newspaper within the scope of provisions of Directive on Environmental Impact Assessment 9. Article. Announcement Text of Public Participation Meeting which was held within the scope of subject project was published on Hürriyet Newspaper on the date of 18.05.2011. 323 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Local Gazette Anouncement (18.05.2011) Public Participation Meeting Anouncement International Gazette Anouncement (18.05.2011) ANNOUNCEMENT In the pursuant to the article 9 of EIA Regulation published on the Official Gazette dated 17.02.2008 and numbered 26939, Public Participation Meeting is scheduled to take local people’s opinions and suggestions. Meeting information is provided in the following. Meeting Point Kırıkkale City, Yahşihan County, Kılıçlar Municipality Coffee House Date Time 03.06.2011 2.00 pm Company Preparing EIA Report Eser Project and Engineering Co. Inc. Turan Güneş Bulvarı Cezayir Caddesi 718. Sokak No:14 Yıldız/ANKARA Tel: 0312 408 00 00 Fax: 0312 408 00 10 ANNOUNCED TO THE PUBLIC SINCERELY Project Owner FARCAN ENERGY GENERATION CO. INC Figure 118. Announcement Text of Public Participation Meeting and Newspaper Announcements 324 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Besides publishing the announcement text on newspaper, it was announced both via speaker and municipality notice boards by Yahşihan and Irmak Municipalities and via speaker system by Kılıçlar Municipality. Also, announcement text was delivered by hand to Hacıbalı Village headman. Concerns, Opinions/Suggestions of Public about Project and Considerations Public Participation Meeting with respect to EIA Process was held in City Tavern of Kılıçlar Municipality on the date of 03.06.2011 at 14.00. Pictures of meeting are given below. 325 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Figure 119. General View from Public Participation Meeting -1 326 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Figure 120. General View from Public Participation Meeting -2 327 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT EIA Branch Chief from Kırıkkale Provincial Department of Environment and Forestry presided over the Public Participation Meeting that was held within the scope of subject project. After the opening speech by the chairman a presentation about subject project that was explaining the facility and the environmental impacts of the facility was given to the participants. Authorities from Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Ministry of Environment and Forestry General Directorate of State Meteorology Affairs, Provincial Special Administration of Kırıkkale, and Provincial Directorate of Health of Kırıkkale participated in Public Participation Meeting. General means of livelihood of local community are agriculture and stockbreeding. Therefore, the main concern of public was about whether their agricultural lands would get damaged or not. Another concern of local community was whether employment opportunity would be offered to locals. Repeating the environmental impacts of subject project, necessary information on all measures to be taken within this scope was given. Additionally, it was stated that the personnel who would be employed both in construction and operating phases of the project would be provided from local community in general. 328 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT SECTION XIII. NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY OF INFORMATION GIVEN UNDER HEADINGS ABOVE. (Explanation, as simple as possible, in a way not to include technical terms and with simplicity that people will understand, of all works planned to be performed at construction and operating phases of the project and all measures set forth to be taken for environmental impacts) Within the scope of subject project, ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant of 835 MWe installed capacity is planned to be operated on an area of approximately 227.000 m2 on parcel 6, block 103 within the municipal boundaries of Kırıkkale Province Yahşihan District Kılıçlar Municipality. Necessary applications to Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EPDK) were made for receiving License for Establishing Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant and Electricity Generation within the scope of the project. Also a ready mixed concrete plant of 100 m3/hour capacity for using at construction stage is stipulated within the scope of the project. The aggregate materials required for production of subject ready mixed concrete shall be purchased as ready from market. Ready Mixed Concrete Plant shall be used during construction period and shall be closed after completion of construction stage. Within the scope of activities which are subject to project, at construction stage, installation operations of units are planned to continue for almost 18 months, however, another part of construction operations such as equipment assembly operations are planned to be completed within almost 12 months; and total construction period is set forth as 30 months accordingly. Within the scope of activity which is subject to project, construction stage is set forth as approximately 30 months and various disciplines such as construction, electrics and mechanics shall work together throughout construction period. Maximum 1.000 personnel are planned to be employed at the same time during construction period. Different numbers of personnel shall work in different times on site and the average number of employers working at a time is set forth as 500. A great part of the personnel to be employed shall be provided from local community. Energy Generation License shall be handed over to the state after 49 years according to the relevant legislation or generation shall be continued by renewing the generation license. Energy Transmission Line of 380 kV should be installed in order to connect the Electric Power that shall be generated in ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant to National Interconnected System. 329 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The electric power to be generated within the scope of the project shall be connected to the system with the switchyard to be installed near the plant. Necessary applications to Turkish Electricity Transmission Corporation (TEİAŞ) were made for the Energy Transmission Line (ETL) of 380 kV which is planned to be constructed and for connection. Negotiations with TEİAŞ related to the matter is going on, and in developing process, EIA process shall be started by making necessary applications to Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning within the scope of Energy Transmission Lines. Application to EPDK (Energy Market Regulatory Authority) has been made for receiving license within scope of project, and following the completion of EIA Process, necessary application for issuing of Energy Generation License shall be made to EPDK. Subject project has a total Installed capacity of 835 MWe, and energy generation of 6.262 GWh per annual is planned. Depending on developing technology and improvement of requirements and expectations of people, in average 5-8% yearly increase is expected in electricity energy demand in Turkey. In order to meet subject demand energy generation in Turkey is of great importance. Subject project shall contribute to meeting electricity energy demand of Turkey, and is a project of public interest. Environmental impacts arisen from construction activities shall be a matter during construction works of subject project. These are; Impacts originating from excavation works, Impacts to arise from meeting personnel requirements, Impacts to arise from engineering equipments. All issues stated in Environment Legislation shall be complied with in order to minimize the environmental impacts to occur during works. The main environmental impact during excavation works is generation of dust emission. Necessary dust proofing measures shall be taken during working and transportation of excavation wastes in order to decrease dust emissions and to prevent it from damaging environment. Solid wastes which shall be originated from personnel and shall be recyclable shall be recycled, and non-recyclable wastes, however, shall be ensured to be disposed off at Municipal Dumpsite. Waste waters to be generated during construction stage however, shall be discharged after treated in waste water treatment facility to be constructed. 330 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Noise, exhaust emission and waste oil originating from engineering equipments are a matter at hand. Oil wastes to be generated shall be recycled by collecting them in impervious separate vessels and shall be prevented from being given to receiving environment uncontrolledly in no case. Work equipments to be used for decreasing noise and exhaust emissions shall be get maintained and checked periodically. Impacts to occur during operating stage of facility however, are listed below; Flue gas emissions, Wastewater, Solid wastes. The main environmental impact to occur as a result of combustion of natural gas during operating stage of the facility is generation of NOx gas. Dry Low NOx Burner Gas Turbine is preferred within the scope of the project for preventing NOx generation, and it is one of the best known combustion technologies. All wastewaters (industrial, domestic) to be generated at facility during production stage shall be discharged by meeting the discharging standards after treated in treatments systems. The solid wastes to be generated, however, shall be collected at different impervious vessels according to their class, and recyclable ones also shall be collected in the same manner and shall be ensured to be disposed off in compliance with the respective Environment Legislation. 331 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT SECTION XIV. RESULTS (Summary of all explanations made, a general assessment in which important environmental impacts of project is listed and which states to what extend success might be ensured in preventing negative environmental impacts in case project is realized, selection between alternatives within the scope of project and reasons for these choices) Within the scope of the project, ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant which has a planned electricity output power of 835 MWe installed capacity under current site conditions, is planned to be operated by Farcan Energy Generation Inc. Co. on an area of around 227.000 m2 on 103 block, 6 parcel within boundaries of Kırıkkale Province Yahşihan District Kılıçlar Municipality. Necessary applications were made to Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EPDK) for receiving Licenses for Installing Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant and Electricity Generation within the scope of the project. The plant electricity output power of subject project is of 835 MWe Installed capacity and annual energy generation of 6.262 GWh per annual is planned. Taking it 2% over electricity output power, the plant mechanical output power is calculated as 835 MWe x 1,02 = 851,7 MWm. Thermal power is calculated by taking the lowest turbine cycle yield value as %37.23. 2 units of gas turbine are stipulated within the scope of the project and power of each one is 270.7 MW. Thermal output power is calculated as around (270.7x2)/0.3723 = 1,454.2 MWt accordingly. In the project scope, steam turbine is 293.6 MW. Turbine output power is calculated as 907 MWe, 907 MWe*1.02 = 925.14 MWm, 1.578 MWt based on ISO Standards. Additionally, a ready mixed concrete plant of 100 m3/hour capacity is stipulated in order to be used at construction stage within the scope of the project. The aggregated material required for production of subject ready mixed concrete shall be purchased from market as ready. Temporary construction camp and Ready Mixed Concrete Plant shall be installed on a suitable place within activity area. Ready Mixed Concrete Plant shall be used during construction period and shall be closed upon completion of construction stage. Subject project: - ANNEX-1, Article 2. a. Thermal power plants: Thermal power plants having total thermal power of 300 MWt (Megawatt thermal) or more and other combustion systems, - ANNEX-2, Article 19. Ready mixed concrete plants having production capacity of 100 m³/hour or more, plants producing formed materials by using cement or other bonding substances, plants producing pre-tensioning concrete element, gas concrete, betopan and similar. which are included in the annex of Directive on Evaluation of Environmental Impact which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 17.07.2008 no. 26939. 332 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Additionally provision stating that “In case of planning of an integrated project comprising more than one project subject to this directive, single Environmental Impact Assessment Application File is requested to be prepared for integrated project by Ministry” is included in 25th article of the same directive. As per 25th Article of the directive, “”Eser Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant and Ready Mixed Concrete Plant” are considered as an Integrated Project and EIA Report is prepared. Within the scope of activities which are subject to project, at construction stage, installation operations of units are planned to continue for almost 18 months, however, another part of construction operations such as equipment assembly operations are planned to be completed within almost 12 months; and total construction period is set forth as 30 months accordingly. Ready Mixed Concrete Plant where production of concrete to be used in construction stage of project shall be installed in Temporary construction camp. Ready Mixed Concrete Plant shall be used during construction period and shall be closed upon completion of construction stage. Energy Generation License shall be handed over to the state after 49 years, which is its period, according to the relevant legislation or generation shall be continued by renewing the generation license. Energy Transmission Line of 380 kV should be installed in order to connect the Electric Power that shall be generated in ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant to National Interconnected System. The electric power to be generated within the scope of the project shall be connected to the system with the switchyard to be installed near the plant. Necessary applications to Turkish Electricity Transmission Corporation (TEİAŞ) were made for the Energy Transmission Line (ETL) of 380 kV which is planned to be constructed and for connection. The opinion of TEİAŞ about route is in annex. (See. Annex-1) Having 2x3 bundle 1272 MCM conductor of approximately 25 km long, and having 3 bundle 1272 MCM conductor of about 30 km long planned ETL of 380 kV voltage shall start from switchyard that shall be installed near Eser Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant and shall be connected to Kayaş Substation which is included in TEİAŞ investment plan and subsequently shall be connected to existing Gölbaşı Substation. Kayaş Substation is at planning stage at the moment, construction of subject transformation station is under obligation of TEİAŞ. Another connection point shall be Kırıkkale Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant. It shall be connected to this point with an ETL of 380 kV voltage, 1272 MCM conductor 3 bundle and approximately 8 km long. 333 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT The settlement closest to the project site is Hacıbalı Village which is located at a distance around 2 km of northeast of the facility. Detailed information related to the location and distance of other settlements around project site is given below in Table 4. Table 4. The Closest Settlements' Information Settlement Its Location with Reference to Project Site Approximate Distance (m) Hacıbalı Village Northeast 2.000 Irmak Municipality Northwest 3.000 Kılıçlar Municipality Southwest 5.000 Yahşihan Municipality Southeast 6.000 Kırıkkale Southeast 8.000 Kırıkkale Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant belonging to GAP Petrol Gaz İth. ve Pzr. San. ve Tic. A.Ş. is located to the northeast of the project site at a distance of around 6.5 km, and Central Anatolia Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant belonging to İç Anadolu Doğalgaz Elektrik Üretim ve Ticaret A.Ş. is located to the southeast at a distance of around 16 km. Subject project shall be founded on around 150.000 m2 on an area of around 227,000 m2 on 103 block, 6 parcel, within boundaries of Yahşihan District Kılıçlar Municipality. Landscape work shall be made on other sections of the land and shall be used as recreation area. ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant investment value is estimated as 740 000 000 $. Some part of the investment value shall be provided from equity capital while some part shall be provided by way of getting credit from banks. Below, cost breakdown of 740 .000.000 $, which is the investment value, according to the operations to be performed is given. Total Project Budget (x106) $ % Engineering, Acquisition, Construction Costs Unexpected Costs of Proprietor First Inventory & Operational Capital Project Development Costs & Payments Proprietor's & Other Costs Cost Overrun Energy Transmission Line Costs VAT Financing Cost Stamp Duty BSMV (Banking and Insurance Transaction Tax) Pre-Financing Reserve Account Income Taxes 513 24 19 29 33 19 25 74 1 3 - 69,3% 3,2% 2,6% 4,1% 4,4% 0,0% 2,6% 3,5% 9,8% 0,1% 0,4% 0,0% 0,0% 334 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 740 Operational Capital Total Usage 0,0% 100,0% Within the scope of the project activity, starting from land arrangement construction stage and foundation of units works are d-set forth to be completed within 30 months, and various disciplines such as construction, electric, mechanic etc. shall work together during construction period. Concrete Plant shall be operated during this period. Maximum 1.000 personnel are planned to be employed at one and the same time. Different number of personnel shall work on Temporary construction camp on different times and average number of employers working at a time is set forth as 500 persons. A Construction camp shall be established within project site in order to be used during construction activities; and dining hall, kitchen, locker room, shower, toilet, lavatory, warehouse and technical offices for all kind of technical, social and infrastructural requirements of personnel who shall be employed within the scope of the project shall be located in subject Temporary construction camp. Personnel to be employed within the scope of the project shall be preferred primarily from the settlements from project site or its proximity. Therefore, in case personnel from proximity settlements demand to stay in their own domiciles and/or in case this is suitable for construction activities, transportation can be performed by shuttle vehicles. Concrete Plant to be used at construction stage within the scope of the project shall also be established in Temporary construction camp. Ready Mixed Concrete Plant shall be used during construction period and shall be closed upon completion of construction stage. Annually, 1.109 m3 of natural gas shall be consumed as fuel in electric power generation within the scope of the project. The fuel to be used shall be supplied from BOTAŞ Natural Gas Pipeline. Route pre-survey on land for natural gas supply to RMS-A which shall be established for ESER NGCCPP was performed on the date of 18.05.2011 by participation of authorities from BOTAŞ Ankara Branch Office, Land Construction and Expropriation Department and Farcan Energy Generation Inc. Co., and the minute in the annex was taken (See Annex-8). As stated in the minute, pipeline shall end at RMS-A that shall be established (as a result of revised land route survey to be made after determining RMS-A location conclusively) on one of 2 alternative points by means of making Hot-Tap from a suitable point at around 365+272 Km of 48” Samsun-Ankara Natural Gas Pipeline which is passing nearby the project site. There shall not be any expropriation since all pipeline route remains within the project site. In case location of valve which shall be installed on the point to be hot-tapped remains out of project site, this place shall be expropriated. It shall hand over the easement on land title of the section where pipeline is passing to BOTAŞ without charge after preparation of expropriation files following EIA process and get them certified by cadastre. 335 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Security and Environment Directive on Construction and Operation of BOTAŞ Crude Oil and Natural Gas Pipeline Facilities shall be abided by during construction of pipeline. EIA Examination and Evaluation Form and Stand Map received from Kırıkkale Forestry Operation Department are presented in the annex (See Annex-3). Subject project site stays in forestland as stated there, and the permits shall be obtained accordance with the Article 17/3 which is in the Forestry Law before commencing any activities on the land. However, in the land surveys forest existence was not encountered on subject site. Its natural flora was observed as steppe. Additionally, according to Environmental Plan, project site is on meadow pasture area. It was stated in the letter of Kırıkkale Provincial Special Administration that project site is located on meadow-pasture area in Environmental Plan, and there is no inconvenience provided that provisions of Environmental Plans, applicable laws and directives are abided by and permissions are received from relevant organizations. Before starting construction works, land arrangement works shall be performed on operation site, and construction works shall be started afterwards. Approximately 800.000 m3 of excavation work shall be performed on operation site during land arrangement and construction works, approximately 650.000 m3 part of excavated soil shall be used in filling work. Additionally, about 66.000 m3 of material shall be supplied from market in order to be used in filling work. About 66.000 m3 of excess excavation material to come out shall be hauled and stored in a suitable area shown by Kılıçlar Municipality. Excessive excavation material that can not be used in land arrangement will be disposed according to Regulations on Control of Excavation Soil, Construction and Demolition Work Wastes provisions. Provisions of "Directive on Control of Industrial Air Pollution" which was published in the Official Gazette with number 27277 and dated 03.07.2009 and took effect shall be abided by during haulage, loading and storage of excavation soil on project site. Loading and unloading shall be performed without scattering; trucks' tops shall be covered by canvas, and in case needed, water shall be sprayed to prevent dusting. Within this scope, it shall be ensured that all haulages are performed as closed. Also, provisions of "Directive on Control of Soil and Punctual Contaminated Areas" which was published in the Official Gazette dated 08.06.2010 with number 27605 and entered into force shall be abided by. Dust emissions shall be generated from activities that shall be performed at construction stage of ESER NGCCPP. Mass flow value calculations of dust that is expected to originate from construction works of the facility were evaluated according to the principles of IAPCR Annex 2, Table 2.1, dust modelling were performed for the activities in which dust emissions exceed 1 kg/hour limit value by using AERMOD. Modelling results is provided in the relevant part of the report. Industrial Air Pollution Control which was published in the Official Gazette with number 27277 and dated 03.07.2009 and Directive on Air Quality Evaluation and Management which was published in the Official Gazette dated 06.06.2008 and numbered 26898 and Directive about Making Amendment on Directive on Air Quality Evaluation and Management which was published in the Official Gazette dated 05.05.2009 numbered 27219 provisions will be complied in the project scope. Within the scope of project activity, construction stage is set forth as around 30 months, various disciplines such as construction, electric, mechanic etc. shall work together 336 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT during construction period. Maximum 1.000 personnel are planned to be employed at one and the same time. Different number of personnel shall work on different times on site, average number of personnel working at a time is set forth as 500 persons. Potable water required for meeting the needs of personnel shall be provided from water supply network in area and/or by purchasing from market. When all of the water used by personnel is supposed to be returned as wastewater, wastewater generation of 150 m3/day maximum and 75 m3/day in average is a matter at the hand. In this sense, the facilities in the temporary construction camp to be founded for the purpose of meeting personnel requirements (WC, shower etc). Domestic wastewaters to be generated shall be treated in Package Domestic Wastewater treatment Facility which shall be constructed within the operation site. The main objective in wastewater treatment is to minimize the negative affects of wastewater to public health and ecological balance on environments where it is discharged. Subject package wastewater treatment facility shall be designed as a standard facility to incorporate basic processes used in treatment of domestic wastewaters; Package Wastewater Treatment Facility Project approval shall be obtained in compliance with the Circular dated 29.04.2005 with number 2005/05 before taking Package Wastewater Treatment Facility into operation. Concrete Plant to be used at construction stage within the scope of the project also shall be installed in construction camp. Ready Mixed Concrete Plant shall be used during construction period, and shall be closed upon completion of construction stage. Approximately 250 l of water is required for 1 m3 of concrete production in Concrete Plant. Approximately 180 lt of water shall be used as admixture in concrete production, while 70 lt of water shall be used for washing of concrete mixer. When washing waters of concrete mixers are supposed to be returned as wastewater, there shall be 3,500 m3 of washing wastewater. Washing wastewaters originating from Concrete Plant shall be transferred to precipitation pool. Within the scope of the project, total washing wastewater generation is approximately 3,500 m3, hourly wastewater generation as calculated as around 0.61 m3/h. Temporary construction camp shall be established within project site in order to be used during construction activities; and dining hall, kitchen, locker room, shower, toilet, lavatory, warehouse and technical offices for all kind of technical, social and infrastructural requirements of personnel who shall be employed within the scope of the project shall be located in subject construction camp. Wastes to be generated during construction stage of the project are domestic solid wastes (glass, paper, plastic etc.), organic domestic solid wastes originating from food service of personnel and solid wastes originating from excavation and construction activities. The amount of domestic solid waste to be generated from personnel is calculated as 1.150 kg/day maximum and 575 kg/day in average by using 1.15 kg daily domestic solid waste per person value (TUİK, 2008). 337 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Considering above mentioned Directive on General Principals of Waste Management, primarily the recyclable and/or re-usable solid wastes originating from construction activities in the facility shall be recycled in the place where they are produced or shall be re-used. Timber wastes which can be used for formworks shall be collected regularly. Collected timber wastes shall be issued to local villagers in case of demand. In case this is not possible, solid wastes to be produced from construction activities shall be gathered up separately and shall be given to the licensed institutions for the purpose of recycling and/or disposal. Non-recyclable wastes (food, organic wastes etc.) shall be collected in impervious vessels in construction camp and shall be disposed off by transporting to the nearest municipal solid waste storage site and/or by providing to be taken by municipality. In order to provide recycling of packing wastes which are among domestic and construction wastes, they shall be collected separately at source, gathered up and given to the municipalities that are responsible for their collection and/or to the licensed collection/separation facilities in compliance with the provisions of Directive on Controlling of Packing Wastes that entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 24.08.2011 and with number 28035. In order to meet nutrition requirements of employers, acquisition of ready to serve food from market and only serving them in site dining hall shall be preferred primarily. In this case, attention shall be paid for selection of preferred catering firms among the ones that draw up an annual contract with recycling facilities or collectors having environment license for collecting waste oils. In case acquiring ready to serve food from market is not suitable for economic aspects and/or if cannot be realized due to similar different factors, food shall be prepared in kitchen to be established in temporary construction camp. In this case, waste oils to be produced shall be gathered up separately from other wastes and discards as per provisions of Directive on Control of Vegetable Waste Oils, and impervious collection vessels, interior and exterior surfaces of which are resistant to corrosion such as jerry can, container and tank shall be used for gathering up; waste oils shall be forwarded to licensed recycling or disposal facilities by environment licensed transporters. Vegetal earth to come out during preparation of land shall be taken by peeling off in order to be used in land arrangement. Peeled vegetal earth shall be protected by germination in order not to loose its characteristics. It shall be used in landscaping works of facility area following completion of construction works. 338 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT ESER NGCCPP project is involved among the facilities stated in Directive on Permits and Licenses Required to be Taken as per Environment Law, Annex-1. List of Activities or Facilities Having High Contamination Impact on Environment, 1.1.2. Gas fuel facilities having total combustion system thermal power of 100 MW or higher combustion system, which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 29.04.2009 and numbered 27214. Considering the articles of relevant directive, within the scope of ESER NGCCPP project, Acoustic Report was prepared by Çınar Environment Measurements and Analysis Laboratory which is accredited by Turkish Accreditation Agency (TURKAK) and which has Environment Measurement and Analysis Competency Certificate from Ministry of Environment and Forestry, by measuring background noise taking project site and nearest settlement places into consideration. Noise level to be generated from activities to be performed during construction stage is calculated in Acoustic Report that is involved in the annex of EIA Report. Environmental noise level to be generated during construction stage decreases below 60 dBA at about 100 m distance from work site, and limit value of 70 dBA is satisfied. The closest settlement to the work site is Hacıbalı Village located at a distance of about 2,000 m, and noise level to be generated in said settlement shall drop below the limit value. Noise level to be generated from activities to be performed during operating stage is calculated. Environmental noise level to be generated during operating stage decreases below 50 dBA at about 100 m distance from operation site; limit values in terms of Lday, Levening, Lnight (65 dBA, 60 dBA and 55 dBA respectively) which are included in Regulation on the Evaluation and Management of the Environmental Noise– Table 4 are satisfied. The closest settlement to the operation site is Hacıbalı Village located at a distance of about 2.000 m, and noise level to be generated in said settlement shall drop below the limit value. The relevant provisions of Directive on Evaluation and Management of Environmental Noise which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 04.06.2010 and with number 27601 shall be abided by during activities to be performed within the scope of the project. Water that is obtained from caisson wells for personnel requirements and supply of utility water shall be used by treating in the Water Treatment Facility involved in the facility. The water treatment facility flow is given in the Water Mass Balance Diagram included in the annex (See Annex-19). Water taken from caisson wells is processed in Ultra-filtration unit after pre-precipitation process in Clarifier as can be seen on Water Mass Balance Diagram. Water to be used as drinking and utility water are transferred from here to Activated Carbon Filter system which is the advanced treatment unit. Drinking and utility waters that completed the advanced treatment are supplied to the system. The capacity of Advanced Water Treatment Facility where drinking and utility waters shall be processed is designed as 40 m3/day. Standards for Discharging of Domestic Natured Waste Waters to Receiving Environment shall be complied with and domestic natured waste waters shall be treated in 339 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Package Wastewater Treatment Facility and shall be discharged to Kızılırmak River by satisfying discharging limits in accordance with Standards for Discharging of Domestic Natured Waste Waters to Receiving Environment. Wastewaters from Water Treatment facility such as Water Softening, Activated Carbon Washing etc. and blowdown waters from Cooling system shall be disposed off satisfying relevant provisions of Directive on Control of Water Contamination . Environment Permit shall be received within the framework of provisions of directive on Permits and Licenses Required to be Taken as per Environment Law for discharging treated wastewaters to receiving environment after domestic natured wastewaters generated from operating stage and process wastewaters are treated. Cooling System is designed as Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower within the scope of the project. Water taken from caisson wells for providing water required in Cooling System shall be used by treating in Process and Utility Water Treatment Facility located in the facility. Some of the waters taken from caisson well are supplied to Cooling Towers after preprecipitated in Clarifier. Water to be taken into Cooling system is designed to be as 1.050 m3/hr. Since an advanced treatment shall not be performed for waters to be taken into Cooling system there is not any chemicals to be used in this section. There should be circulation water of around 40,000 m3 continuously in Mechanical Draft Cooling System, and subject quantity shall be supplied from caisson wells step by step for 1 time only. There shall be evaporation and blowdown losses in circulation water that shall continuously cycle within closed cycle in Cooling System. In order to compensate evaporation losses 695 m3/hr of water, and in order to replenish blowdown losses 350 m3/hr of water should be added. In the energy plant project, natural gas, which is known to be the cleanest fuel type among the fossil fuels, shall be used. The most important parameter among air emissions to be generated as a result of combustion of natural gas is generation of NOx emissions. In combustion plants working with gas, especially in gas turbines, NOx emissions basically depends on generation of thermal NOx. 340 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT In Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for Large Combustion Plants within the scope of European Union Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive (IPPC), it is stated that dry low NOx premixing burners (DLN) are the best available technique for reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx) in gas turbines, gas motors and gas steam boilers in general. Water or steam injection, dry low NOx (DNL) technologies and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) are included among prevention technologies used in NOx emission reduction in the same document. Within the scope of subject ESER NGCCPP dry low NOx burner shall be used. The key feature of dry low NOx burners is air- fuel mixture and both combustions take place in two consecutive steps. Low flame temperature and a homogeneously distributed temperature that result in low NOx emissions are obtained by mixing air and fuel before burning. In order to identify and determine environmental impacts of the project, primarily Project Impact Area is determined. While determining the project impact area, definition of Plant Impact Area included in Directive on Control of Industrial Air Pollution (IAPCR) and closest settlements and project site and topography around them were taken into consideration. The area which has a radius of 50 (fifty) times the height of stacks that is determined in accordance with the principles given in IAPCR Annex-4, is the plant impact area. Accordingly, since the height of emission stacks included within the scope of the project are 75 m, the area having a radius of 3.750 m should be designated as impact area. Considering also project site and the topography around it, and positions of the closest settlements, a wider area of 11 km x 11 km around the operation site is designated as the project impact area. AERMOD air modeling study for determining NOx emissions to be generated during operating stage of subject Eser NGCCPP Project was performed. In this study, different scenarios were applied. Besides, cumulative evaluation is performed by taking also the impact of Kırıkkale NGCCPP Project into account. According to 2. Alternative scenario (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP), the distribution of NO2 emissions’ results in the atmosphere; maximum annual average value is found as 11.19 µg/m3 and Total Pollution Value is found as 19.54 µg/m3. These values are about 32.6 % of 60 µg/m3 , which is the Long Term Limit value in IAPCR and are quite below the limit value. Additionally, Short Term Value is found as 19,38 µg/m3 and Total Pollution Value as 27,73 µg/m3. This value is about 9.2 % of 300 µg/m3, which is the Short Term Limit value in IAPCR and is quite below the limit value. 341 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Also, distributions of CO emissions are performed within the scope of the project. In the evaluation performed for CO emissions that shall be generated from Plant maximum annual average value is calculated as 0,022 mg/m3. Subject value is about 0,22% of 10 mg/m3 value, which is the Long Term Limit value in IAPCR and is at quite low level. Additionally, Short Term Value (when maximum daily average values or all statistical measurement values are ordered according to the magnitude of numeric values, the value corresponding to 95% of measurement values, differently for precipitating dusts maximum monthly average value that should not to be exceeded) is calculated as 0,038 mg/m3. This value is about 0.38 % of 10 µg/m3 value, which is the Short Term Limit value in IAPCR and stays at quite low level. The wastes to be generated during operating stage of the project are domestic natured solid wastes (glass, paper, plastic etc.), organic originated domestic natured solid wastes, packing wastes and treatment sludge originating from treatment. Besides, cleaning material containers shall be generated due to cleaning activities. Additionally, there shall be machine oils and wastes that are contaminated with these oils originating from maintenance of equipments to be used during operating stage of the project and illuminating devices which completed their life time during lighting processes. Another hazardous waste other than these is not expected to be generated in the Plant. In case there are substances and equipments containing PCT and PCB are not to be used in the transformers, capacitors and electric generation systems within the ESER NGCCPP. The provision stating that “comprises prohibition, restriction and obligations, measures to be taken, inspections to be performed, legal and technical responsibilities to be subject to with respect to production, collection, temporary storage, transportation, recycling, disposal, export and import of wastes which are classified as hazardous waste in ANNEX-IV that is included in the annex of Directive on General Principles of Waste Management that entered into force by publishing in the Official Gazette dated 05.07.2008 and with number 26927, and which show one or more of the features that are listed in ANNEX-III A and recognized as hazardous and which are between H3 to H8, and likewise which have values over threshold concentrations in ANNEX-III B with regard to H10 and H11” is included in 2nd article of Directive on Control of Hazardous Wastes which entered into force by being published on the Official Gazette dated 14.03.2005 and with number 25755. Dangerous waste, waste accumulator, tire, waste oils and parts contaminated with waste oils that are possible to be generated due to maintenance and repair of machines and equipments within the scope of the project, shall be gathered up separately in impervious containers by being coded in accordance with Waste List given in Annex IV of Directive within the framework of Directive on General Principals of Waste Management, and their appropriate disposal shall be ensured by delivering them to licensed institutions within the framework of relevant directive. Another solid waste generating from project other than these is not expected to be generated. Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plants are considered as the most environment-friendly source of energy when compared with other thermal plants. The most important reason for 342 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT this is that there isn’t any polluting parameter in it. Non-generation of flue gas emission such as SO2 by reason that there isn’t any sulphur in it is regarded as an important advantage. Another advantage of it is that any ash etc. wastes do not generate as a result of combustion. The most important environmental impacts of natural gas cycle plants are generations of NOx and high quantity of water required in cooling systems. Dry low NOx premixing burners (DLN) that are shown as the best available technique for reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx) in gas turbines, gas motors and gas steam boilers in Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for Large Combustion Plants within the scope of European Union Directive on Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) are preferred within the scope of the project. In this way, NOx generation which is possible to generate from plant is minimized. In the Cooling System however, Circulated Water Cooling System- Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower is selected. In this way, about 40.000 m3 of water shall be taken into the system for once, and afterwards only evaporation and blowdown water losses shall be taken into the system. In this way, the water quantity required in the system is also minimized. When other environmental impacts of the facility is taken into consideration, all necessary measures are taken for all kind of wastes that might generate due to operation and collection and waste disposal systems without damaging environment are established. The criteria taken into consideration for project site selection are listed below; Being located at a long distance from settlements Being close to Kızılırmak River Proximity to natural gas pipeline Topographic feature of land Connection to Interconnected System at low costs Treasury Land characteristics of the Site Region’s need for investments and employment Due to these advantages, study for an alternative area has not been performed. In general, alternatives with respect to system are evaluated within the scope of the project. 343 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Combustion and Cooling system alternatives are evaluated in particular. NOx emissions that shall be generated during combustion of natural gas in accordance with the Best Available Techniques for Large Combustion Plants are lower compared to other fuels. In Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for Large Combustion Plants, within the scope of European Union Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive (IPPC), it is stated that dry low NOx premixing burners (DLN) are the best available technique for reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx) in gas turbines, gas motors and gas steam boilers in general. Water or steam injection, dry low NOx (DLN) technologies and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) are included among prevention technologies used in NOx emission reduction in the same document. Within the scope of subject ESER NGCCPP dry low NOx burner shall be used, considering their advantages in reduction of NOx Emissions. The key feature of dry low NOx burners is air- fuel mixture and both combustions take place in two consecutive steps. Low flame temperature and a homogeneously distributed temperature that result in low NOx emissions are obtained by mixing air and fuel before burning. Comparison results according to some parameters obtained as a result of comparison study of cooling technologies used in energy plants in California, which was prepared by California Energy Commission in year 2002 are as follows; Cooling System Types Less Circulated Water Cooling System Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower 8-12 gallons/minute per MWe Reference Reference Operating and Maintenance Cost Pump maintenance, Condenser Cooling system Performance Failures Failures vary depending on project site meteorology. Varies depending on region Fan/pump power, water treatment, filling of cooling tower, cleaning of condenser - Water Intake from Natural Source Discharge About 500 gallons/minute per MWe About 10-15 gallons/minute per MWe Varies depending on region. 5-20% of capacity deficiency occurs in hot and windy weathers. -- About 500 gallons/minute per MWe Increase in temperature of discharged water and temperature and involving Residual Chlorine About 2-5 gallons/minute per MWE -- Parameters Water Consumption Investment Cost Once Through Cooling System 344 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 Air Cooled Condenser about 0-5% of Mechanical Draft Cooling System 1,5 - 3 times of referenced systems Expanded surface cleaning, Gear box maintenance, fan power ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Considering feasibility studies and literature researches performed, it was concluded that selection of Circulated Water Cooling System- Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower is the most feasible system for project, and Mechanical Draft Cooling System shall be installed within the scope of subject plant. The provisions of the Labor Law no. 4857 and directives and bylaws that were issued correspondingly shall be abided by and all necessary measures shall be taken in order to minimize potential accidents and risks. Additionally within the scope of the project; “Directive on Evaluation of Environmental Impact” which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 17.07.2008 no. 26939, “Environmental Auditing Directive” which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 21.11.2008 no. 27061, “Large Combustion Plant Directive” which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 08.06.2010 no. 27605, “Directive on control of Industrial Air Pollution” which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 03.07.2009 no. 27277, “Directive on Evaluation and Management of Air Quality” which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 06.06.2008 no. 26898, “Directive on Evaluation and Management of Environmental Noise” which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 04.06.2010 no. 27601, “Directive on Control of Water pollution” which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 31.12.2004 no. 25687, “Directive on Control of Solid Wastes” which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 14.03.1991 no. 20814, “Directive on Control of Packing Wastes” which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 24.08.2011 no. 28035, “Directive on Control of Excavated Soil, Construction and Debris Wastes” which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 18.03.2004 no. 25406, “Directive on Control of Waste Oils” which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 30.07.2008 no. 26952, “Directive on Waste Oil Control” which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 19.04.2005 no. 25791, 345 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT “Directive on Periodic Storage of Wastes” which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 26.03.2010 no. 27533, “Directive on Control of Hazardous Wastes” which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 14.03.2008 no. 26755, “Directive on Control of Worn Out Tires” which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 25.11.2006 no. 26357, “Directive on general Principals of Waste Management” which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 05.07.2008 no. 26927, “Directive on Control of Soil Pollution and Point Sourced Polluted Sites” which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 08.06.2010 no. 27605, “Prime Ministry Circular on Stream Beds and Floods No (2006/27)” which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 09.09.2006 no. 26284, Labor Law no. 4857 and bylaws and directives issued correspondingly, And Environment Law no 2872 which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 11.08.1983 no. 18132, Law on Groundwater no 167, Aquaculture Law No 1380, Soil Conservation and Land Use Law No 5403, pasture Law No 4342, Forestry Law No 6831, and directives issued with respect to these laws and relevant legislation in force shall be abided by, and the criteria required by legal arrangements with respect to matters such as permit, license, grant etc. necessary for the plant shall be complied with. 346 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT NOTES AND REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. Doç. Dr. Müezzinoğlu, A.,2000., Hava Kirliliğinin Ve Kontrolünün Esasları, Dokuz Eylül Yayınları, İzmir. Prof. Dr. Karpuzcu, M., 1991., Çevre Kirlenmesi Ve Kontrolü, Kubbealtı Yayınları, İstanbul TÜBİVES Türkiye Bitkileri Veri Sistemi Collins Bird Guide (1999) Geldiay R., Balık S.”Türkiye Tatlısu Balıkları”, Ege Ünv. Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Yayınları, Bornova/İZMİR 2007 Türkiye‟nin Önemli Kuş Alanları Kitabı (Yarar, M., Mangnin G., 1997) CITES Sözleşmesi BERN, Avrupa Yaban Hayatı ve Yaşama Ortamlarını Koruma Sözleşmesi(1984) Ekim,T. Koyuncu, M.Vural, M.Duman, H.Aytaç, Z. Adıgüzel Türkiye Bitkileri Kırmızı Kitabı Davis.P.H, Flora Of Turkey And The East Aegean Islands, Vol.1-10,Edinburg (19651988) IUCN, 2006. Summary Statistics for Globally Threatened Species. Retrieved 5 May, 2006 Baytop, T.,Türkçe Bitki Adları Sözlüğü, Ankara (1997) Demirsoy A. “Genel Zoocoğrafya Ve Türkiye Zoocoğrafyası”, Ankara (2002) Demirsoy A. “Yaşamın Temel Kuralları-Omurgalılar/Amniyota (Sürüngenler, Kuşlar Ve Memeliler) Cilt-III/Kısım-II”, Ankara (2003) RITA, Research and Innovative Technology Administration National Transportation Library, Noise and Vibration During Construction Environmental Noise Control, Edward B. Magrab, PH.D., A Wiley-Interscience Publication, John Wıley&Sons, www.kirikkale.cevreorman.gov.tr Kırıkkale İl Çevre ve Orman Müdürlüğü, 2006, Kırıkkale İl Çevre Durum Raporu www.kirikkale.gov.tr www.yahsihan.bel.tr www.kirikkaletarim.gov.tr www.dsi.gov.tr www.ormansu.gov.tr/ www.cevresehircilik.gov.tr/turkce Taşpınar F., Bakoğlu M., V. Ulusal Çevre Mühendisliği Kongresi, İzmit Klinik ve Tehlikeli Atıkları Yakma ve Enerji Üretim Tesisinden Atmosfere Verilen Azot Oksit Emisyonlarının Dağılım Modellemesi Kılıçcıoğlu F., Makine Mühendisleri Odası Web Sitesi, Jeotermal Enerji Semineri, Su Soğutmalı Santrallerde Korozyon ve Birikinti Oluşumunun Engellenmesi İçin Uygulanan Kimyasal Koşullandırma Programları Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control, Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for Large Combustion Plants, July 2006 http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/mechanical/articles/100882.aspx 347 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01 ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. Çobanoğlu Z., Güler Ç., Toprak Kirliliği, 1997, Ankara Böke E., Delice (Kırıkkale), Ortakışla (Çorum) ve Salmanlı (Yozgat) Arasında Kalan Bölgenin Florası, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Temmuz 2005 Toros H., İstanbul‟da Asit Yağışları, Kaynakları ve Etkileri, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Eylül 2000 California Energy Commission, February 2002, Comparison of Alternate Cooling Technologies for California Power Plants, Economic, Environmental and Other Tradeoffs, Final Report, HEPER Y., 2009, Geleneksel Elektrik Santralleri için Teknik Terimler Sözlüğü Prof. Dr. İişli N., Çevre Bilim Ekoloji, Ankara 1996 348 Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01