(lieccapa6W1, lior~aııWl, liY~X<aK, .IJ:06pY):QKa) 1
Transkript
(lieccapa6W1, lior~aııWl, liY~X<aK, .IJ:06pY):QKa) 1
Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları 4, (1994): 89-108 3aMeTKH no 6aJlKaUCKOH TonOUOMHKe TlopKCKoro npOHCXO}J{,rı;eUHB (lieccapa6W1, lior~aııWl, liY~X<aK, .IJ:06pY):QKa) 1 A.X. rHpcpaHoBa, H.n. CyxaqeB (r. CaHKT-TIeTep6ypr'h ) TIOPKCKOH JIeKCHKe B 6aJIKaHCKHX 5I3hIKaX, B TOM qHCJIe TonOHHMHH, nOCB5Iuı;eHa 06IIIHpHa5I JIHTepaTypa. OAHaKO, He 6e3 BJIH5IHH5I JIHqHhlX npHcTpacTHH HCCJIeAOBaTeJI5I H nOA AaBJIeHHeM TypHCTHQeCKHX TeHAeHıı;HH, np05IBJI5IIouı;HXC5I B Haıı;HOHaJIhHhIX cpHJIOJIOrH5IX,' oc06eHHo eCJIH peQh HAeT 06 3THoreHe3e H 3THHQeCKHX TeppHTOpH5IX, Te HJIH HHhıe TonOHHMhl HepeAKO 06'h5ICH5IIOTC5I (QaCTO BeChMa y6eAHTeJIhHO) BHe AHHaMHKH 5I3hIKOBhIX KOHTaKTOB, pe3YJIbTaTe CJIaBHCThl oTAalOT CKJIaAhIBaBIIIHXC5I B npeAnOQTeHHe perHoHe. B 06'h5ICHeHH5IM, nOAKpenJI5IIouı;HM POJIh CJIaB5IHCKOrO 3JIeMeHTa Ha EaJIKaHaX, pOMaHHCThl JIaTHHCKHM KOpH5IM, TlopKOJIOrH - TIOPKCKHM H T.A. OCMblCJIeHHe OAHHX H Tex :>Ke reorpacpHQeCKHX Ha3BaHHH OKa3hIBaeTC5I B JIYQıııeM CJIYQae cnopHhlM. IJ,eJIeC006pa3HO COCThlKOBaTh pa3JIHQHhıe TOQKH 3peHH5I Ha npOHCXO:>KAeHHe COOTBeTCTBYIOuı;HX HMeHoBaHHH H Oıı;eHHTh CTeneHh AOCTOBepHocrn KOHKypHpylOIıı;HX Me:>KAY co6oH 3THMOJIorHH. Ba:>KHhIM npeACTaBJI5IeTC5I He CTOJIhKO YTOQHeHHe 5I3hIKa-HCTOQHHKa, AaBıııero TOT JIH60 APyroH TonOHHM, CKOJIhKO Oıı;eHKa JIHHrBHCTHQeCKHX H KYJIbTypHO-HCTOpHQeCKHX AOKa3aTeJIbCTB, npH3BaHHhlX nOAAep:>KHBaTh aBTopCKHe n03Hıı;HH. ApyrHMH CJIOBaMH, He06xoAHMO Oıı;eHHTh KaK npHeMJIeMOCTh Aonyuı;eHHH, CPOHP'l',p"ecKoH CPOPMhl npeAJIaraeMhlX paCCMaTpHBaeMoro AJI5I 060CHOBaHH5I TonOHHMa, TaK· H IMbI npH3HaTeJIbHbI 3a 6JIarO)J(eJIaTeJIbHOe OTHOllIeHHe K HalIleM pa60Te npocp.: fY3eBY, ,[(.M. HacHJIoBY, A.M. "3aMeTKaMH" B pYKonHCH. C mep6aKY, B.r. KOTopbıe 03HaKOMHJIHCb c 3THMH 6JIarO~apHOCTblO npHHHMa51 HX rrorrpaBKH, MbI nOJIHOCTblO OTBeQaeM 3a ~orryrn;eHHbıe HaMH KOH.QenTyaJIbHbıe H cpaKTHQeCKHe OllIH6KH. http://www.turkdilleri.org 90 A.X. rHP<I>AHOBA, H.IT. CYXAqEB npaB.ıı;ono.ıı;06HOCTb co06pa}J(eHlfH HeıUIHrBUCTUqeCKOrO XapaKTepa, KOTOPbIMU SlK06M MOTuBupyeTcsı HOMUHaQUSI MeCTHbIX pearıUH. fOBOPSl o 6aJIKaHCKOH TonOHUMUU, MbI UMeeM B BU.ıı;y U conpe.ıı;eJIbHbıe TeppUTOpUU, B qaCTlIOCTU - 06JIaCTUCeBepHOrO TIpUqepHOMOpbSI u A.ıı;puaTuKu. OHOMaCTuqeCKUH MaTepUaJI npUBo.ıı;UTCSI no Mepe pa3pa60TKU 6e3 KaKOH-JIu60 CUCTeMaTU3aQUU (aJIcpaBUTHOH UJIU TeMaTUQeCKoH). CJIe.ıı;yeT O)Ku.ıı;aTb, QTO pa3HbIC TonOHUMbI 6y.ıı;YT paCCMOTpeHbI c pa3JIUQHOH CTeneHblO nOJIHOTbI, HO He UCKJIIOQeHa B03MO)KHOCTb nOSTopHoro 06paın;eHIUI K O.ıı;H'RM li TeM )Ke cpopMaM B 3aMeTKax, nOCBSlı.u;eHHbIX pa360py O.ıı;HOKopHeBoH UJIU o.ıı;HoTunHoH TonOHUMUQeCKOH JIeKCUKU. HaCTOSlın;ue 3aMeTKU - QaCTb 60JIee oGmupHoro 3aMb1CJIa, cpparMeHTbl KOToporo MbI CQUTaeM QeJIeC006pa3HbIM ny6JIUKOBaTb no Mepe pa3paGoTKu MaTepUaJIa. TIepBaSl U3 no.ıı;rOTOBJIeHHOH HaMU cepliU CTaTeH nOSlBUJIaCb B )KypHaJIe KYHcmKaMepa: 3mHoıparpU1.teCKUe mempaôu, H3.ıı;aBaeMOM U,eHTpOM "TIeTepGyprcKoe BOCTOKOBe.ıı;eHue" u MY3eeM aHTpOnOJIOruuu 3THOrpacpuu UMeHU TIeTpa BeJIUKOrO 195-207). B (1993. BbIll. 2-3. C. HeH paCCMaTpUBalOTCSI TonoHuMbIAp.ıı;)Kem, ApTalİ, BaJIa6aHQbI, Be3.ıı;sı.ıı;yJI, fopraH, ,rı:aJISlH, ,rı:epeKSI, Kecapb, TYHIOBaTo, YHHUHQbI u QYHrOJI. B .ıı;aHHoH CTaTbe ' crpynnupoBaHbl HeKOTopbıe Ha3BaHU:sI cpe.ıı;HeBeKOBblX 6aJIKaHCKUX 3eMeJIb, KOTopbıe UMelOT TlopKCKue HCTOQHUKU UJIU nepeceKalOTCSI c GJIU3KUMU no 3BYQaHUIO TlopKU3MaMU. TlopKCKue cpOPMbI opueHTupOBaHbl Ha TpaHCKpunQUOHHbıe npaBUJIa, npUHSlTbıe B "3TUMOJIOrUQeCKOM CJIOBape TIOPKCKUX Sl3bIKOB" CeBOpT:sIHa, r.ıı;e 3nU30.ıı;UqeCKU YQTeHbl KUpUJIJIUQa coxpaHSlIOTC:sI u JIaTUHCKuH HanucaRUSI, 3. aJIcpaBUT, B. HO npe.ıı;CTaBJIeHHbıe B HCnOJIb30BaHHblX UCTOQHUKax. CpeAHeBeKOBble "3eMJIH" liaJIKaHCKOro nOJIyocTpoBa H TIOPKCK3» ~THOHHMH». ,rı:a)Ke .ıı;JISI TaK OH UCTOpUQeCKOH oGJIaCTU, KaK MYHTeHusı, Ha3BaHue KOTOPOH JIerKO BbIBO.ıı;HTCSI H3 JIaT. MONS, MONTIS "ropa" (QTO CbırpaJIo CBOIO POJIb B cneKYJI:sIQUSlX Ha TeMY "npapOAHHbl" PYMbIH, KOTOPblX paCCMaTpUBaJIU B KaQeCTBe npUUleJIbQeB c BaJIKaHCKUX UJIU KapnaTCKUX rop), MO)KHO npHBeCTU TlopKCKylO napanJIeJIb Tuna KPblMCKoro ru.ıı;pOHliMa MYHTaHa - npaBblH npliTOK p. 3y:Sı, conOCTaBHMoro c reHOHHMOM MYHTaH, GbITOBaBmHM y liJIan'lHa Ha AJITae / JIe3uHa 1988: 159/. B 3TOM CJIYQae MbI http://www.turkdilleri.org 3AMETKH no BAnKAHCKOH TonOHOMHKE TIOPKCKoro npOHCXO)l(}J;EHIDI nonaraeM, qTO TpaHcHnhBaHuu Cyxat.JeB MYHTeHıul, HapSlp;y Ardeal (BeHr. Erdely) c PYMhlHCKUM 91 Ha3BaHueM UMeeT unnupuHcKue KOPHU i CM.: 1990: 144-145/. OP;HOKO nop;06Hhıe COBnap;eHUSI npUMeqaTenhHhl, XOTSI 6hl nOToMY, t.JT0 OHU nOKa3hmalOT, CKonh ycnoBHa rpaHh, 3a KOTOPOH peanhHhlH aHanU3, neKCHKonoruu, onupalOuı;UHCSI npeBpauı;aeTCSI B -Ha p;aHHhıe UCTOpUQeCKOH 3TUMonorU3upOBaHue pap;u 3TUMonorU3upOBaHUSI, B nOUCK CMhıcnOBhlX aCCOQHaQUH u <pOHeTUQeCKUX COOTBeTCTBUH KaK caMOQeHHOH npo6neMhl. no caMOH npupop;e Sl3hlKOBoro MaTepuaııa, p;nSl KOTüporo BepOSlTHOCTb cnYt.JaHHhlX COBnap;eHUH OMOHUMUQHhlX "KopHeH"(B OCHOBHOM Tpex<pOHeMHhIX) p;OCTaTOQHO BhICOKa, KaK u B03MO:>KHOCTH MHoropa30BhIX 3aUMCTBOBaHUH U3 OP;HUX Sl3hIKOB B p;pyrue, 3TUMOJlOrUSI OCTaeTCSI HaYKOH BeChMa cy6öeKTuBHOH, HeCMOTpSl Ha OTHOCUTenhHYIO TOQHOCTh ucnonh3yeMbIx elO npHeMOB u MeTop;OB cpaBHUTenhHO-HCTOpUQeCKOrO aHanH3a. KOHet.JHO, Mhl TaK>Ke He Mornu y6epet.JhCSI OT cy6'beKTUBHOCTU CBOHX Ha6nlOp;eHUH u BpIBOP;OB, HO nhlTanUCh, no B03MO)l(HOCTU, ee OC03HaBaTh u orpaHUt.JUBaTh. MbI CTpeMunUCh He CTonhKO YTOQHSlTh 3THMonorHU paCCMaTpUBaeMhIX TonOHUMOB, CKonhKO BbISlCHUTh ycnoBusı KOHTaMUHaQUU pa3HOSl3b1QHOH neKCUKU B npoQecce <P0pMupOBaHUSI u 3aKpenneHUSI COOTBeTCTBYIOuı;UX <pOPM B Kat.JeCTBe reorpa<pUt.JeCKUX Ha3BaHuH. 1. lieccapaôuSl. Ct.JUTaeTCSI, t.JTO 3TO Ha3BaHue p;aHo no UMeHU BanallICKoro KHSl3S1 Bacapa6U1w 3eM.llR ynoMUHaeT.CSI B rpaMOTe, p;aTupyeMoH 1357 Pet.Jh B HeM up;eT o TeppuTopUU Monp;aBcKoro KHsı)I(eCTBa. nOcne 1812 Eacapaoa. r. r. Ha3BaHue 6hIJ10 3aKpenneHO 3a BOCTOt.JHhIMU 06naCTSlMu Monp;aBuu, T. e. 3a 6hIBllIeH Eeccapa6cKoH ry6epHueH Poccuu. Beccapa6uR B 60nee Y3KOM CMbIcne OTHOCUTCSI K TeppUTOpUU Me)l(p;y ,n:YHaeM u ,n:HeCTpOM OT l..JepHoro MOpSl Ha ıore npUMepHO P;O nUHUU EeHp;ephl - Karyn Ha ce Bepe 13QuMupcKuH 1896: 228, EpeMusı 1990: 117/. B <popMe OHKoHuMa" 6eCC08 ucopa608 (,n:. YCMaTpHBanu CBSl3h c p;peBHUMU IlneMeHaMU KaHTeMUp), c6nu)I(anu ero c UMeHeM nonOBeQKoro KHSl3S1 XIII B. Eacapa6a (H. TYHMaH, A. 3auı;YK), npOU3Bop;unu OT rpeQ. {3acnJı.evç (E. n. Xa)l(p;ey) unu B03Bop;HnH K cy6cTpaTHOMY anennSlTUBY *saraba "ronOBa", CTaBıııeMY SlK06hI 3nUTeTOM npaBSluı;eH AaKUHCKOH 3HaTU u nOToMY YHacneAOBaHHOMY BanaIIlCKUMU rocnop;apSlMu (E. n. Xa)l(p;ey ) http://www.turkdilleri.org A.X. rMP<I>AHOBA, H.n.' CYXAQEB 92 ITaM aru 234-235 I, )Ke: MOJIJIOBa + aba "oTeQ" (O. M. AeHcym5lHY, PeKoHcTpYKQHIO Xa~ey 1974: 72/. bas + Mop,rı;aH) / BOCCTaHaBJUm,lJIH KYMaHcKHe COCTaBJI5ıloııı;He "caMhIH xopomHH" bas + sarab rro,rı;XBaThlBaeT H.A. KOHCTaHTHHecKY B "PYMhIHCKOM OHOMaCTHqeCKOM CJIOBape" IConstantinescu 1963: 192/. B03BO,rı;HT K TpaKHHCK. EOJIrapcKıİH TorrOHHM {3aererapa "JIHCa" Bacap608o B. MHKOB i MHKOB 1943: 233 i; Bacapw-ı ÔOA (EbCbpHH ,rı;OJI) - JIO)K6HHa 6JIH3 C.rOCTeJIHQa (CeBJIHeBCKa51 OKOJIH5I) H. Il. KOBaqeB 06b5lCH5IeT qepe3 6acapa "60JIe3Hb BHHorpa,rı;HoH JI03hl" MJIM KaK' npOM3Bo,rı;Hoe OT {3aererapıa "JIHBHHCKa51 JIHCHQa" 1961: 139/. i KOBaqeB r.<l>. CaTTapoB ,rı;onycKaeT ,rı;JI5I TlopKCKoro aHTporrOHHMa 6ac "TonTaTh" + cycpcp. -ap (3 JI. e,rı;. Q. 6y,rı;. Bp.) HJIH 6acap "ropHhlH QeCHOK" i CaTTapoB 1973: 51, 531 , a ,rı;JI5I TonOHHMa Bacap CB5I3h c TaTapCKHM Bhıpa)KeHHeM 6acap Y.M "pacTeT (6hICTpO) TpaBa" i TaM )Kel HJIH )Ke c HMeHeM Bacap , TpaKTyeMhlM KaK Bacap CB5I3h c npMQ. C ,rı;p. -TlopKCK. "OBJIa,rı;eeT", npOH3Bo,rı;HhIM OT rJIarOJIa 6y,rı;. Bp. H3h5lBHT. HaKJI. HJIH OT npHQ. Ha -p / - .Mac / CaTTapoB 1979: 43/. M.P. MOJIJIOBa, o606ııı;ımma51 aHTPorrOHHMHQeCKYIO, 3THOHHMHQeCKYlO M TonOHHMHQeCT}ylO JIeKCHKY, co,rı;ep)Kaııı;ylO cpopMaHThl 6a3ap H 6acap, CQHTaeT nepBhl.fı M3 HHX TIOPKCKHM 3aHMCTBOBaHHeM H3 nepCH,rı;CKOrO (npH caHCKpHTCKOM 8aÔJlCpa BapMaHTOM. Ha3BaHHe "aJlMa3", ")Ke3JI"), a BTOPOH - ero cpOHeTHQeCKHM Beccapa6uR BOCXo,rı;HT, no ee MHeHHIO, K HMeHH KYMaHCKoro KH5I3a Eacapa6a, HMelOııı;eMY B BeHrepCKHX HCTOQHHKaX cpOPMhI Bazarab, Bazarad, Bozorad, Mazarath, 1974: 72/. r,rı;e - (a)ba H -adı -ath" ... OQeBH,rı;HO THTYJIhl"l MOJIJIOBa Ilo M. <l>acMepy, HM5I 3aHMCTBOBaHO M3 TlopK. 6ac-) basar (rrpHQ. HMncp. OT ",rı;aBHTh, rocno,rı;cTBoBaTh". Ilpe,rı;noJIo)KHTeJIhHo, CJIOBO BOCXO,rı;HT K Bacap-a6a i <l>acMep 1964. T. 1 i CPOpMY Basarat- MeCTHOCTh, ynoMHHaeMa51 MMeHH nOJIOBeQKoro KH5I351 <l>acMep CChlJlaeTC5I TaK)Ke Ha p5l,rı;OM c EOCHHeH B 1372 r. K 3TOMY Ha3BaHHFb B. TOMameK B03BO,rı;HJI HM5I BaJIamCKOro BoeBo,rı;hl, 51Ko6hl H ,rı;aBmee aHTponOHHM Eeccapa6H5I . I1MeeTc5I TaK)Ke MeCTHOCTh Eacapa6h B KOMMYHe MypcpaTJIap ye3,rı;a KOHCTaHQa B PYMhIHHH H C. Eacapa B BOCTOQHOH Cep6HH. B rrOJIbCKHX xpoHHKax ynoMHHaeTc5I Basarabia. B 6acapa6e1-llu Waywoda Bessarabiae. PYMhIHcKa51 cpopMa - ,rı;HaJleKTaX MOJI,rı;OBhl OTMeQeHhl npoH3Bo,rı;Hhıe aneJIJI5ITHBhl (cy6CT., )K.p.) "JIHJIH5I (= Lilium Candidum)" H 6acapa6cK'H 1985. T. 1: 118/. (Cy6CT.,)I(. p.) "COPT BHHorpa,rı;a"l AHKQHoHap Cpa3Y )L(e 3aMeTHM, QTO TonOHHM Basarat Bp5I,rı; JIH CB5I3aH c Eacapa60M H Eeccapa6HeH. B03MO)l(HO, OH 51BJI5IeTC5I OTpa)l(eHHeM TypeQ. ,rı;iIaJI. bazar http://www.turkdilleri.org 93 3AMETKH 00 BAJIKAHCKOH TOOOHOMHKE TIOPKCKOrO oPOHCXO)KAEHI15I pazar < nepc. biiziir Basarabia. "51pMapKa, PbIHOK" - JIMT. OMKOHHMa Eeccapa61151 - (TO )l(e). PYMbIHCKa51 cpopMa OCHOBaTeJlb ,[(MHaCTHH Eacapa60B - Eacapa6 i (rocno.r:ı;apb B 1310-1352 rr.) 06'he.r:ı;MHMJI 3eMJlM MYHTeHMH M OJlTeHMM, M3BeCTHbıe B CJlaB5IHCKMX M repMaHCKMX MCTOqHHKaX KaK BaJlaxM5I (caMM PYMbIHbl BaJlaXaMM ce651 He Ha3bIBaJIM); B H05l6pe 1476 r. IIITecpaH BeJlMKMM B03BeJl Ha BaJlaIIlCKMM KH5I)I(eCKMM TpOH JIaMoTa Eacapa6a, npaBMBıııero c nepepbIBaMM .r:ı;o ı 482 r. no.r:ı; MMeHeM Eacapa6 CTapbIM,nOCJle.r:ı;HMM M3 3TOM .r:ı;HHaCTMH -Eacapa6 MJla.r:ı;II1MM c nepepblBaMM npaBMJI TaK)I(e B BaJlaxMM B 1477- ı 488 rr. TaKMM 06pa30M, .r:ı;e5lTeJlbHOCTb BaJlaIIlCKMX BoeBO.r:ı; OTHIo.r:ı;h He 6hlJIa CB5I3aHa c Eeccapa6MeM KaK TaKoBoM - O.r:ı;HO M3 Y3yaJlHbblX Ha3BaHHM KH5I)I(eCTBa MOJl.r:ı;OBbl M IO)I(HOM nOJlOBMHbl 6bIBıııeM Beccapa6cKoM ry6epHMM. TIpaB.r:ı;a, KaK nOKa3blBalOT Ha3BaHM5I TMna Yıp06JıaXUR, OTHOCMBıııeeC5I K BaJIaxMM (Tara Romaneascii) MJlM EoıÔaH06JlaXUR, MOJlÔ06JlaXUR, no.r:ı; KOTOPblM no.r:ı;pa3YMeBaJlJICb 06a PYMblHCKMX KH5I)I(eCTBa, TMnMQHa51 .r:ı;Jl5I Cpe.r:ı;HeBeKOBb51 cpopMYJla "3eMJl5I Bacapa6a" no aCCOQMaQMM MOrJla 6bl 3aKpenMTbC5I M 3a MOJl.r:ı;aBCKMMM TeppMTOpM5IMM . C .r:ı;pyroM CTOPOHbl, cpaMMJlMM MYHmRHY, OJlmRHY, YHıYPRHY, J(06poÔ:JICaHY, Eacapa6eCKY, Bocxo.r:ı;51III;Me K Ha3BaHM5IM COOTBeTC1BYIOIII;MX PYMbIHCKMX 3eMeJlb, 51BJl5IIOTC5I BTOPMQHbIMM, .r:ı;aHbl no MeCTY IIPOJICXO)l(.r:ı;eHM5I CBOMX HOCMTeJleM, a He Ha060pOT. TIOCKOJlbKY 3TO cpaKTbI 60JIee n03.r:ı;HeM MCTOPMM, MCKJlIOQMTb npOMCXO)l(.r:ı;eHMe TonOHMMa Eeccapa6M5I OT aHTponOHMMa Eacapa6 npaKTMQeCKM HeB03MO)l(HO. B Ta~OM cJlyqae Hy)l(.r:ı;aeTC5I B 06'b5lCHeHMM caMO MM5I c06CTBeHHoe. TlopK. basar ".r:ı;aBMTb, rocno.r:ı;CTBOBaTb" 781/) (CM. KopeHb ba:s/ CeBOpT5IH 1978: 774- npe.r:ı;CTaBJl5IeTC5I MaJlono.r:ı;xo.r:ı;51III;lIM 3TMMOHOM CJlOBa, XOT5I M IIOH5ITHbI C006pa)l(eHM5I, nO KOTOPblM B03HMKJlO TaKoe 060CHoBaHMe ere ceMaHTMKM. Ho "CbIH CXM3MaTMKa TOKoMepM" Eacapa6 He 6bIJI pO)l(.r:ı;eH "BJlaCTMTeJleM" . Cpe.r:ı;M nopKOB, HaCeJl5lBIIIMX HeKor.r:ı;a npMqepHOMopCKMe CTenM, BKJlIOQa51 Eeccapa6MIO, .r:ı;ocTaTOQHO MHOrOQMCJleHHbIMM 6blJIM neQeHerM, 3aHI1MaBIIIMe B x-xı BeKax TeppMTopMIO OT BOJlrM .r:ı;o AYHa5l. TIo CBI1.r:ı;eTeJlbCTBY KOHCTaHTI1Ha Earp5lHOpo.r:ı;Horo, QeTbıpe H3 BOCbMM neQeHe)l(CKI1X po.r:ı;a 6bIJlM paCCeJleHbI K 3ana.r:ı;y OT AHenpa, BOJlOTb .r:ı;o BOJlfapI1I1. Cpe.r:ı;I1 HMX ynOMI1HaIOTC5I xapa60u (xapa~61l), KOTOPbIM B PYCCKOH nepe.r:ı;aQe A.M.IIJ:ep6aKa COOTBeTcTBYIOT KaııırapCKoro IIIJ:ep6aK 1959: 371/. Kapa60U Y MaxMy.r:ı;a TIo BM3aHTMMCKMM MCTOQHHKaM xı B. HaCQI1TblBaeTC5I .r:ı;o TpMHa.r:ı;QaTM neQeHe)l(CKMX pO.r:ı;OB. B CJlaB5IHCKMX JleTOIII1C5IX Toro )l(e nepMo.r:ı;a ynOMI1HaIOTC5I BoceMb "KOJleH" neQeHerOB, http://www.turkdilleri.org A.X. fHP<1>AHOBA, H.ll. CYXAqEB 94 qTO, nO-BM.ı:ı;MMOMY, CBSl3aHO C peaJIhHhlM pacnpe.ı:ı;eJIeHHeM llJıeMeHHhlX M Me)l(nJIeMeHHhlX 06'be.ı:ı;HHeHHH 3Toro 3THoca, O qeM M CJIaBSlHe M MOrJIH Cy.ı:ı;HTh BH3aHTHRlJ,hI TOJIhKO "C qY)I(HX CJIOB", .ı:ı;OBepSlSlCh C006llJ,eHHSlM caMMX· neqeHerOB. Te )l(e xapa60u MOrJIM 6hl 6hlTh KOHrJIOMepaTOM HeCKOJIhKHX B TIOPKCKOR pO.ı:ı;OB. Tpa.ı:ı;HlJ,HH pacnpocTpaHeHHoR SlBJISleTCSI Mo.ı:ı;eJIh 3THOHHMOB, BKJIloqalOllJ,HX B nJIeMeHHOe Ha3BaHHe QHCJIO COCTaBJISlIOllJ,HX ero PO.ı:ı;OB, ep.: mOlcco6a - Ha3BaHHe llJıeMeHHoro 06'be.ı:ı;HHeHHSI nOJIOBQes, TO eCTh mOlcc + o6a 6YKB. ".ı:ı;eBSlTh PO.ı:ı;OB", mopmo6a "QeThıpe po.ı:ı;a"; eme6u'-lu "ceMh PO.ı:ı;OB" HJlli bes sary "nSiTh capblKOB" (pe)Ke BCTpeQalOllJ,eecsı COqeTaHHe) H .ı:ı;p. C i BaCKaKOB 1980: 205/. YQeTOM 3aKoHoMepHocTH TlopKcKorö COOTBeTCTBHSI 60JIee B YCJIOBHSlX aCCHMHJISllJ,HH) npe.ı:ı;CTaBJISleTCSI c- x (TeM .ı:ı;onycTHMhIM TOJIKOBaHHe 3THOHHMa Beccapa6HSI no aHaııorHH c npHBe.ı:ı;OHHoH Mo.ı:ı;eJIhlO, a HMeHHO KaK COQeTaHHSI qHCJIHTeJIhHOrO C Ha3BaHHeM nJIeMeHH, TO eCTh . 6ec + xapa60u 6YKB. "nSiTh (nJIeMeH) xapa60eB". HeKoTophıe HCCJIe.ı:ı;oBaTeJIH TIOPKCKOR TonOHHMHKH BhlCKa3hlBalOT MHeHHe O HelJ,eJIeco06pa3HOCTH B pSl.ı:ı;e CJIyqaeB 6YKBaJIbHOrO nepeBo.ı:ı;a QHCJIHTeJIhHhIX, HanpHMep, BXO.ı:ı;SlllJ,HX B eOCTaB Toro 6eıu MO)l(eT CJIOBO HMeTh HJIH HHoro TonOHHMa. 3HaQeHHe KOMnaKTHoro KOJIHlIeCTBa, "qerO-TO, Haxo.ı:ı;SlllJ,erOCSI BMeCTe, KaK B ropCTH, B nSlTepHe" IMoJIQaHoBa 1976: 154-155/. 00 3TOM )l(e rOBopHT 3.M. Myp3aeB, .·OTMeQaSl, 'ıTO "KoıiUQeCTBeHHhıe TonOHHMhl YKa3hlBalOT Ha nopSl.ı:ı;OK SeJIHlIHH: BeJIHKOe MHO)l(eCTBO, 06HJIHe, HeKOTopoe QHCJIO, HeCKOJIhKO"i MYP3aeB 1974: 225/. nOJIOraeM, 'ıTO e Ha3BaHHeM nJIeMeHH (po.ı:ı;a) BCe)l(e coxpaHSleTcsı "6YKBaJIhHOe" 3HaqeHHe QHCJIHTeJIhHoro. ECJIH TaKoe Aonyııı.eHHe npHeMJIeMO, TO nOAJIe)l(HT .ı:ı;aJIhHeRıııeMY TOJIKOBOOHIO BTOPOH 3JIeMeHT 3THOHHMa - nelıeHerOB ICM. : xapa6ou. mep6aK B eOOTBeTCTBHH co exeMOR paCCeJIeHHSI 1959: 376-3771 xapa60H BXO.ı:ı;HJIH B 3ana.ı:ı;HYIO rpynny nJIeMeH H 3aHHMaJIH 06JIaCTh Me)l(.ı:ı;y ,!J;HeCTpOM H ,!J;HenpOM no JIHHHH KHeB - KOJIOMhISl. Pa3YMeeTCSI, 3Ta JIOKaııH3aıı;HSI npH6JIH3HTeJIhHa: nJIeMeHHhıe TeppHTOpHH MOrJIH K TOMY )l(e CABHraTheSl. MO)l(HO O)l(HAaTh, QTO nOA AaBJIeHHeM cnaBSlH 3ana.ı:ı;Hble nelıeHenl MHrpHpOBaJIH .ı:ı;aııhIIle Ha 3ana.ı:ı;. B x-xı BB. qaCTh HX OceJIa Ha TeppHTopHH BeHrpHH H CJIOBaKHH - . Ha )l(HTHOM OCTpOBe H B .ı:ı;OJIHHaX peK MopaBa, Bar, HHTpa H rpOH /BJIalllKOBHq 1972: 63/. B IO)I(HOH CJIOBaKHH o neqeHeraX HanOMHHalOT Besa (OKp. JIeBHJ:~e ) Besenov (OKp. HOBe-3aMKH), Besefiyod Pelenice), OKp. JIeBUıı;e) u .ı:ı;p. ITaM )l(e/. B TO )l(e BpeMSI OHH TonOHHMhI (HbIHe npOHHKJIH Ha PYMhlHCKHe 3eMJIH H B BOJIrapHIO BnJIOTh .ı:ı;o cBOCTOQHOH http://www.turkdilleri.org 3AMETKI1 no BAJIKAHCKOli TOnOHOMl1KE TIOPKCKoro nPOI1CXO)l(J1;EHIDI 95 Cep6HH (neqeHe)l(CKHM CTpaT B 60JIrapOSl3bıqHHX apeaJIax - oco6aSl TeMa). 11. 110p;ıı;aH npHBOAJ1T PYMblHcKHe TonOHHMbl Peceneaga (p-Hbl EpaHJIa, BY33Y, TeJIeopMaH), Peceneagul (p.H cf>3r3pamb), Pecineaga (06JI. A06py;ıı;)I(a), Picineagul (p-H MycqeJI), Picinoaga (p-H Bp3HJIa), Pişineaga (p-H XYHe;ıı;oapa), Pecenevta (p-H OpmOBa), KaK " onocpe;ıı;aBaHHbıe BeHrepCKHM Sl3blKOM Beşeneu (p-Hbl feorpeHb, Ce6em), Beşenova (p-H CbIHHHKOaJIYJI-Mape) H ;ıı;p./lordan xapa60u 3THOHHM 1963: 279-2801. Ha TIOPKCKOM not.IBe xapa MO)l(eT 6blTb 06bSlCHeH KaK o6a + 6YKB. "3ana;ıı;HbIM po;ıı; (nJIeMSI)". AaHHası MO;ıı;eJIb cooTBeTcTByeT TIOPKCKOM QBeToBoM CHMBOJIHKe, Cpe;ıı;H3eMHoro MOpSl COrJIaCHO KOTOPO", HanpHMep, AKôeHU303HaqaeTHe '~BeJIoe" He3BaHHe ,a "3ana;n;Hoe Mope". 00 TeM )l(e co06pa)l(eHHSlM 3THOHHM noıioBQbI, B COCTaBe KOToporo ;ıı;aBHO nO;ıı;MeQeHO 3HaQeHHe "6JIe;ıı;HbIM, 6JIe;ıı;HO- )KeJITbIM, COJIOMeHHO- )Ke~TbIM" (= nOAoBbu'1 PYCCK. HHTepnpeTHpOBaH 06HapY)l(HBaeT Ha3blBaJIaCb /CM. KaK : OonOB "3ana;ıı;Hoe 1973: 127/), (nJIeMSI)". caMOHa3BaHHe nOJIOBQeB TOJIbKO 3ana;ıı;HaSl quman Mor 6bl 6blTb )Ke napaJIJIeJIb KYMaHbl:" ... KYMaHaMH (Bbl;ıı;eJIeHO HaMH- npHqepHOMOpCKaSl BeTBb KbınQaKOBH TOJIbKO c HX Ha PYCH ... 11 PyCb H - Ty XI B. A. f., H~C.) : T. e. c nOSlBJIeHHeM CYTb OTpa)l(eHHSI petHoHaJIbHOM Tpa;ıı;HQH Ha3bIBaHHSI CeBepHoro OpHQepHOMOpbSl "BeJIOM: CBeTJIOM CTOpOHOM" 1981: 11; cp. MeHrec 1979: 73-761. xapa60u 03HaQaeT "3ana;n;HOe nJIeMSI (neQeHeroB)", a ITpy6aQeB ECJIH OHO BnOJIHe MOrJIO 6bl 6blTb KOHrJIOMepaTOM nJIeMeH, QTO 06'bSlCHSlJIO 6bl pa3pblB Me)l(;ıt;y H3BeCTHbIMH CJIaBSIHaM BoceMblO KOJIeHaMH H aH3aHTHHCKHMH CBe;ıı;eHUSlMH O TpHHa;ıı;QaTH neQeHe)l(CKHX po;ıı;ax, TO Be.ccapa6uR (6ec +xapa + 06a "nSlTb 3ana:;ıı;HbIX pO;ıı;GB") sıaJISleTCSI O;ıı;HHM H3 paHHHX TIOPKH3MOB B ;ıı;aKopYMbIHCKOM MaCCHBe. Ero JIaTHHH3HpOBaHHaSl <popMa, o6Hapy)l(eHHaSl B BeHrepCKOM ;ıı;OKYMeHTe 1377 r.- Terra Bozarabie IBogrea 1971: 311/, COOTHOCHTCSI c TpaHCHJIbBaHCKoM TepPHTopHeM Basaraba /Constantinescu 1963: 192/. OCMaHCKaSl cpöpMa Besarabya, nOXo)l(e, SlBJISleTCSI TpaHCJIHTepaQHeM pYCCKoro HanHcaHHSI (TYPKH Ha3bıaaJIH MOJI;ıı;OBY Bor;ıı;aHHeM, a IO)I(HYIO ee QaCTb - By;ıı;)I(aK). YQHTblBaSl apeaJIbHOe pacnpocTpaHeHHe aHTponOHHMa TonOHHMa Beccapa6uR, MO)l(HO npe;ıı;nOJIO)KHTb, Bacapa6 QTO H 3nHTeT "Beccapa6cKaSl 3eMJISI" OTHOCHJICSI He CTOJIbKO K TeppHTopHH 06HTaHHSI BaJIaXOB, CKOJIbKO K 06JIaCTSlM, HaCeJIeHHbIM npHmJlbIMH neQeHeraMH, KOTopbıe CO BpeMeHeMaCCHMHJlHpOBaJIHCb MeCTHbIM CJlaBSlHCKHM, pOMaHCKHM, TIOPKCKHM HaCeJIeHHeM. By;ıı;)I(aKcKaSl CTenb He 6blJIa YCTOMQUBbIM neQeHe)l(CKHM apeaJIOM, OHa u Ha3bIBaJIaCb no-;ıı;pyrOMY. http://www.turkdilleri.org A.X. rHPwAHOBA, H.JI. CYXAqEB 96 HeKHM TypeQKHM qMHOBHMK npM MonAaBCKOM rocnoAape ~MxaMne PaKOBMQe (1730-1731, 1741-1744) 3acpMKcMpoBan cpaKTMQeCKOe HCl.Je3HOBeHMe nOH5ITM5I Beccapa6M5I B YCTHOM TpaAMQMM npMMeHMTenhHO K B YA)KaKY : "3TO oTAenhHa51 OT ~onAaBMM CTpaHa, paHhrne Ha3hIBanaCh Cepa6 ... " (51BHO yceQeHHa51 cpopMa OT Beccapa6MM ) i ry60rny 1964~ 142/. EcnM BanarnCKa51 "3eMJI5I Bacapa6a" MO)KeT 6hITh peKoHcTpYMpoBaHa 60JIee MJIM MeHee onpeAeJIeHHO B KaQeCTBe npeeMCTBeHHoro Ha3BaHM5I, XpaH5Iın,ero 06JIaCT5IX, CJIeAhI neQeHe)KCKOrO npMCYTCTBM5I B AaKopOMaHCKMX a AJI5I KH5I)KeCTBa ~OJIAOBhI MCnOJIh30BaHMe' 3Toro onpeAeneHM5I KpaMHe Y3yaJIhHO, TO Beccapa6M5I B Y3KOM CMhICJIe (6Y}J,)KaK), no HarneMY MHeHMIO, 06513aHa CBOMM cyın,eCTBOBaHMeM "KHM)KHOM" TpaAMQMM, cnpOBOQMpOBaHHOH OTl.JaCTM,r::ı:MMTpMeM KaHTeMMpoM, KOTOPhIM cpaKTMl.JeCKM npMpaBH5In Beccapa6MIO K BYA)KaKY B CBoeM"OnMcaHMM ~OJIAOBhI" 1456 r. (1716). TaK, B nopTynaHe <Ppa-~aypo " ... lO)l(Ha51 l.JaCTh Beccapa6MM c ropOAOM Moncastro (AKKepMaH·) Ha3BaHa Vlachia pizzola (6YKB. : ~aJIa51 BaJIaXM5I -A. r., H: C. )" 15IQHMHpcKMH 1896: 229/. TOJIhKO B 1686 r. ·Ha KapTe KH5I)KeCTB ~onAaBM5I M BaJIaXM5I n05lBJI5IeTC5I Ha ıore COBpeMeHHOM ~OJIAOBhI Bessarabia nOA KOTOPhIM nOMel.JeHO Tartari di Budziak. Ha XVII B. 3Ta Bessarabia CABMraeTC5I K ıory, a HaA HeM pacnOJIaraeTC5I HaAnMCh "deserta inaquosa " (TO eCTh"6e3BOAHa51 nYCThIH5I") ITaM )Ke : 229-2301. Ha CMeHY TpaAMQMM OTpearMpOBaJI M Ha3BaHMe KapTax BOCTOl.JHOCJIaB5IHCKMM CPOJIhKJIOp. B neCHe npo AJIerny IIonoBMQa KOHQa XVII B. cYAa Ka3aQKMe 3aHOCMT 6ypeM B "BiJIapanchKY 3eMJIIO" 6JIM3 YCTh51 ,r::ı:YHa5l, KOTOpa51 no pa3HhIM BapMaHTaM xoporno COOTHOCMTC5I C "Opa6ChKOM" MJIM "Arap5lHCKOM 3eMJIeM" (TO eCTh TypeQKoM). K XIX B. no 3aKOHaM HapoAHoM 3TMMOJIOrMM , Beccapa6M5I MMeHyeTc5I B YKpaMHCKOM pel.JM "BicoBOM ApafiMeM"1 TaM )Ke : 236-238/. ~hI OC03HaeM YCJIOBHOCTh npeAJIO)KeHHhIX TOJIKOBaHMM, HO nOJIaraeM , l.JTO eCTeCTBeHHee MCXOAMTh U3 Aonyın,eHM5I 60JIee l.JaCTOTHoro B MCTOPMM HapOAOBnepeHoca 3THOHMMa Ha Ha3BaHMe 3aHMMaeMOM MM TeppMTopMM, l.JeM }J,onYCKaTh l.JMCTO aCCOQMaTMBHYIO CB5I3h TonOHMMa C MMeHeM BanarnCKoro rocnoAap51 Bacapa6a. 2. Eor;:ı;auuIl PYM. Bogdania "BorAaHM5I (= ~OJIAaBM5I)" M bogdan "MonAoBaHMH" OTMel.JeHhI C XVII B., KaK H BeHr. Bogdanorszag 6YKB. "CTpaHa Bor}J,aHa" (1620), bogdan "MoJIAoBaHMH" (1653), TYp. (OCM.) Bohdan (1615), Boğdan (1880), Bogdan (1788), Bujdan "~OJIAaBM5I" IKaKYK 1973: 75/. B. http://www.turkdilleri.org 3AMETKll rro EAJIKAHCKOH TOrrOHOMllKE TIOPKCKoro IIPOllCXO)l()J;EHlliI Eorp5I rrpHBoAHT TaK)l(e "BJIaxo60rAaHH5I", Hap5IAY c EhlCTPHQKOH 97 j3J...,aXo/11Coy8av{a cpeAHerpeq. OvYXpoj3J...,axıa (cp. YzpOB.lıaXUUKKoU JIeTOrrHCH IrpeKYJI 1976: 341 H MoJ...,8oj3J...,ax{a V "MoJIAOBJIaXH5.1 ( Ha,3BaHHe 3aHMCTBOBaHO H. C. TIecKoBhlM B paCCKa3e "06MaH", Bep05ITHO, H3 rrOJIhCKOrO HCTOqHHKa) IEorpea YKa3hIBaeT H cpeAHerpeQ. M1Coy8avoj3J...,axia, H (CO CChIJIKOH Ha K. K. ,o:)l(ypecKY) 1971: 38/. Eorp5I Bogdan-ili- a TaK)Ke TYp. Bogdan wylaet, 3aCBHAeTeJIhCTBO- BaHHoe AJI5I TypeQKoro 5.l3hIKa cppaHQY3cKHM HCTOQHKOM /TaM )Ke : 48, 601. 3TO rrapaJIJIeJIhHOe Ha3BaHHe KH5I)KeCTBa HamJIO BrrOJIHe rrpaBAorroA06Hoe TOJIKOBaHHe B xpOHHKe MOJIAOBhl MHpoHa KOCTHHa ("rro HMeHH rOCIlOAap5I, YCTYIlHBllIero cTpaHY TYPKaM"). K EOZÔall B03BOAHT EozôaHulO C. KaKYK 60JIrapcKoMY HMeHH IKaKYK 1973 75/. ,o:eHCTBHTeJIhHO, EozôaH i (1359,..1365) , a B ee HCTOPHH H3BeCTHhI TaK)Ke Eozômı II (1449-1451») Bozômı III (1504-1517) H CKOHQaBIlIHHC5I B MocKBe EozôaH IV (1570-1571). C. KaKYK YKa3hIBaeT TaK)Ke H TYp. Bağdan beği (1680), "rocrroAaph MOJIAOBhl", AaBIııee BeHr. bogdan bek c TeM)Ke 3HaQeHHeM ITaM)Ke: 76/. rrepBhlM rOCIlOAapeM He3aBHCHMOH MOJIAOBhl 6hIJI B AaHHOM cJIYQae CB5.13h TOIlOHHMa EorAaHH5I c cooTBeTcTByıoII.J;HM CJIaB5IHCKHM aHTporroHHMoM IlOqTH HeB03MO)l(H0 OCIlOpHTb. COMHeHH5I Bhl3hIBaeT He MeHee OQeBHAHa5I, Ha rrepBhlH B3rJI5IA, CB5I3h IlPOQHX TorrOHHMOB c aHaJIOrHQHhlMH cpopMaHTaMH c TeM )Ke CJIaB5.1HCKHM HMeHeM. HaIlpHM~p Ha3BaHH5I PYMhIHCKHX ceJI MaHCKHH ye3A ) H Bogdan M.p. Bogdana )K.p. (TeJIeop- EozôaHe, 1970: 176, (ye3A ,o:OJI)K) HJIH cep6cKoro c. KOTophıe 3. I1eTpOBHQ 'B03BOAHT K H~eHH EorAaH IPetrovİcİ 285/. H. HOPAaH YKa3hIBaeT B PYMhIHHH QeJIhlH P5IA HaCeJIeHHhlX rrYHKToB Bogdan (p-Hhl KaJIacpaT H KapaKaJI B 06JI. KpaHoBa: AO 1950 r. ye3A ,o:OJI)l(), Bogdana (p-Hhl AJIeKCaHAPHa, EaK3Y, K3JI3palllh, Thıpry-OKHa,' BaCJIYH, 3::may - B TpaHCHJIhBaHHH, OJITeHHH H MOJIAOBe), Bogdana (B MapaMypelııe), Bogdaneşti (p-Hhl EaK3Y, EhıpJIaA, EOToıııaHh, KhlMrreHh, <l>eJITHQeHh, Xope3Y, MeAHalıı, I1paxoBa, PhIMHHKYJI-BhIJIQa, PhIMHHKYJIC3paT, TeJIea)KeH, ThıprYJI-OKHa) H 1963: 163/. Bogdanu (ye3A ApA)Keııı) Ilordan Bo- rrepBhIX, Bce OHH MorYT OKa3aThC5I BTOİmQHhlMH HHMaMH (cp. Ha3BaHH5I YKpaHHcKHX MeCTHOCTeH THrra BO./lOCCKOe ), Torro- MO./lÔOBaHKa HJIH CBHAeTeJIhCTByıoII.J;HMH o TOM, QTO KaKa5I-TO MeCTHOCTh 6hlJIa OCBoeHa Bhıxoro:ı;aMH H3 HHH IlOKa3aTeJIeH TOIlOHHM EorAaHa" (?) EozôaHUU - MOJIAOBaHaMH. B 3TOM OTHolııe Drumul Bogdanului (p-H EY33Y ) ",o:opora IIJIH "Aopora B EorAaHHıo" (?) ITaM )Kel. Bo -BTOPhIX, JIıo60H H3 IlpHBeAeHHhIx TOIlOHHMOB MO)KeT 6hlTh H TYPQH3MOM, He 065I3aTeJIhHO COOTHOC5ICh IlpH 3TOM C OMOCPOHHhlMH AY6JIeTHhlMH cpopMaMH. http://www.turkdilleri.org 98 A.X. fMP<I>AHOBA, H.n. CYXALIEB Ha 3,TMMOJIOrMqecKYIO CBSl3b OTMeqeHHOrO Y TaTap ,rı;06PY):PKM "nIlIeHMıı;a" c Ha3BaHMSlMM 1920 r. M. (T. ı. C. bogda} Bogdan, Cara Bogdan, Bogdan-ili - Y.Ka3bIBaJI B ,rı;MMMTpecKY B MaJIO~ocTynHoM M3~aHMM "Analele Dobrudgei" B. Borpsı, OTMeTHBIlIMM 3TY ny6JIMKaıı;MIO, 173). cqeJI 3TMMOJIonııo IienpMeMJIeMOM, HaCTaMBaSl Ha Tpa~ıı;MOHHOM HOMMHaıı;MM no MMeHM rocno~apsı Bor~aHa IBogrea 1971: 311. - CTaTbSl 1921 rj. MHTepecHo, QTO K TYp. 6oz()a-u "OC06bIM COpT nIlIeHMıı;bI" B03BO~MT TOnOHMM Bor~aH- M. 1964: 1361. ECJIM HCXO~MTb M3 ICeBopTSlH 1978: 232-235/, TO K fy60rJIY Ify60rJIY TıopKCK. 6y~()au ~ 60e()a-u "nIlleHMıı;a" 3TOMY anenJISlTMBY, B03MO)KHO, BOCXO~MT LI PYM. BUZGU (Ha3BaHMe ropo~a LI p(:lHOHa) - Qepe3 paHHe6ynr. *buzaj. QacTb paCCMaTpMBaeMbIX TonOHMMOB c paBHbIM ycnexoM MO)KeT 0Ka3aTCbSl pO~CTBeHHOM TıopKCK. 682 16ö2 "3anpy~a, nperpa~a" 208-2101. TaK, 3. IIeTpoBMQ MCCJIe~yeT CPOpMY rM~pOHMMOB, BOCXO~Slııı;MX ITaM )Ke : Bogdastica B p5l~y K Ha3BaHlIIO HaCeJIeHHbIX nYHKToB, KOTopoe, B CBOIO OQepe~b, npOM30IlIJIO OT Toro MJIM MHoro aHTponoHMMa Bo gdastica TpaKTyeTcsı IlM KaK *Bogdan(i)istica (co CCbIJIKOM Ha M. ,rı;ypM~aHoBa) IPetrovici 1970: 285-286, 288/. M. rny60Koe MecTo", KOTopoe 60JIOTO" M HeM. Bach IIo~06Ho PYCCK. ~MaJI. 6020m "OMYT, <I>acMep C6JIM)KaeT c 6a21lO "rp5l3b, "pYQeM" l<I>acMep 1964. T. 1/, COOTBeTcTByıoııı;Me rH~pOHMMbI MOrJIM 6bI CO~ep)KaTb TIOPKCKIIM cpopMaHT 682 -. C HIIM MorYT 6bITb CBSl3aHbI TaKMe PYMbIHCKlIe rlI~pOHIIMbI, KaK IBogrea 1971: 317, 3,261 MJIM BahZui OTHeceHHbIM "KYMaHCKOM" CMCTeMe r~pOHMMOB, HapSl~ c 95/. Bogoroiu, BohoreuZ r. BaMraH~OM K VasZui CovfrZui /lordan 1963: 5IBHo pO~CTBeHHaSl CJIaB5IHCKOM cpopMe PYM. (perMOHaJIbHoe) 6aXl-l3 "60310TO, Tonb" ~aJIO Ha3BaHlIe 03. BaXHa y C. Q06YPQlIY (CYBOPOBCKIIH pH, MonAOBa) IEpeMIISI 1990: 117/. He I1CKnIOQeHbI LI APynı:e TıopKcKlIe 3TMMOJIOrMM PYMbIHcKoro TonocpopMaHTa bog-, HO nlIllIb K KaQeCTBe YM03pMTeJIbHOM Oıı;eHKM B03MO)KHOrO MCTOy.HMKa 3alIMCTBOBaHlISI cnOBa B YCJIOBIISlX pa3HOSl3bIKOM TpaAlIl.I,MII. Bonee AOKa3aTenbHbIM aHanlI3 Tpe6ye'i' 3HaHM5I nOKanbHOM cpaKTYPbI, TepSlıoııı;eMC5I Ha 06ııı;eM cpOHe, YTpaQeHHOM nOA HaCJIOeHlIeM nOCJleAYIOlUlIX 3anııceM ilCTOpIIM. 3TO Ha3BaHlIe "IO)KHOM TPeTII" Beccapa6MlI B03BO~SlT K TYp. "yroJI", KpbIM.-TaT. budzak (TO )Ke). OHO OTM~qeHO 6YKB. "TaTapcKını yron" l<I>acMep 1964 T. B COQeTaHIIII 1/ . Tatar Budzagu PYMbIHcKııe CPOpMbI http://www.turkdilleri.org 99 3AMETKl1 no EAJIKAHCKOH TOnOHOMI1KE TIOPKCKoro npOI1CXO:>K,Il;EHI15I Bugeac H YCT. Buceag) Buceac) BeHr.- Bucsak (1634), Buczagsag IKakuk 1973: 81/. Co 3HaqeHHeM "yroJI" CJIOBO 3aHMCTBOBaHO TaK)Ke B cep6CKOM H xopBaTCKOM budiilk (c XVII B.) , MaKe~OHCKOM- buçak) aJI6aHCKOM buxhak (c XVII B.). ,Il;aHHoe 3HaqeHHe 06HapY)KHBaeTC5I BO Bcex TlOPKCKHX 5I3bIKaX, KpOMe KpbIMCK.-KapaHM. bucak "KpaM, KOHeu;, oKpaHHa": raraY3. 6Y)KaK "yroJI" - YCTapeBlııee CJIOBO 282-283/. ICeBopT5IH 1978: OTMeqeHbl TaK)Ke MblC ByôaK H EyôaKcKuu AUMail Ha qepHOMOpCKOM n06epe)Kbe K 3ana~y OT ,Il;HecTpoBCKoro JIHMaHa, 03. Buceag (Bucegi) B ,Il;06pY~)Ke (PYMbIHH5I) H TPH MeCTHOCTH, HMeHyeMblx Bugeacul, B ye3~ax KOHCTaHu;a (,Il;06pY~)Ka), 5[JIOMHu;a . (JIeB06epe)Kbe ,Il;YHa5I) H TYJIqa (,Il;o6pY~)Ka) IConea, Donat 1958: 169; lordan 1963: 502/. HecoMHeHHo, n03~HMH TypeU;KHMH 5IBJI5IlOTC5I Ha3BaHH5I Beybucak 6YKB. "YroJI Ee5I" (COBp. c. I1JIonyJI, P-H TYJIQa ) H Kanlibucak 6YKB. "KpOBaBbIM yroJI" (COBp. C. KOJIHHa, TaM )Ke) IMalımut 1978: 263/. PYM. Buceag B03BO~HTC5I K aneJIJI5ITHBY bugeac « TYp. bucak) "XOJIMHCTa5I cyxa5I CTenb, JIHıııeHHa5I BOlJ,OCTOKOB" /Iordan 1963: 502/. KpoMe Toro, B KaQeCTBe 6YÔJlcaKCKUX mamap HJIH 6YÔJlcaK08 (I1.TYHMaH) H3BeCTHbI Horaı'1U;bI, KOQeBaBIIIMe B u;eHTpaJIbHOM QaCTH EY~)KaKcKoı'1 CTenH B XVII BB. l,Il;poH 1981: 56/. bugeac 3HaQeHHe PYM. XVI- "XOJIMHCTa5I cyxa5I CTenb ... " 5IBHO OTpa)KaeT peaJIbHOCTb, CT05Iııı;ylO 3a TonOHHMOMM Bugeac , HO He np05ICH5IeT BHYTpeHHeM MOTHBHPOBKH PYMbIHCKHX Ha3BaHHM 03epa 11 MeCTHOCTH B ,Il;06pYlJ,)Ke. He COOTHOCHTC5I OHO H co 3HaQeHHeM TYp. bucac "yroJI", KOTopoe npHMeHMTeJIbHO K EY~)KaKY 3aqmKcHpoBaHO B "'GyyloS < oglô "yroJI" l<I>acMep 1964:. T. 1/. 3TOT (IX B.) CB5I3aH c ~BH)KeHHeM "npoT060JIrap" nolJ, BOlJ,HTeJIbCTBOM Acnapyxa (VII B.) "Ha JIe)Kaııı;He 6JIH3 ,Il;YHa5I 3eMJIH"1 J1HTaBpHH 1985: 140-142/. B HHOM HHTepnpeTaU;HH peQb H~eT 5IK06bI o TlOPKCKOH cpopMe ongl < on=:=köl "ceMb o3ep"- Ha3BaHHe nepBOHaQaJIbHOH TeppHTopHH 6YJIrap IPoceTTH 1986: 270.- Co CCbIJIKOH Ha ny6JIHKaU;HlO Ha E. CPOH ApHHMa B Zeitschriftfür slawische Philologie. 1934. 19. 10/. cpelJ,HerpeQ. CJIaB. OH2A "XPOHHKH" <I>eocpaHa TlOpKcKHe CPOPMbl aHaJIH3HpYlOTC5I "yroJI, KOTOPblM 06pa3yeT Ka)K~bIM H3 npoH3Bo~Hbıe c byc- "npH 3TOM 6yı/xaK KaK rJIarOJIbHOHMeHHblM acpcpHKcoM -qaq OT CTapOTYp. QeTbıpex KOHU;OB IIIKypbI )l(I1BOTHoro"). CJIOBO I1HTepnpeTHpyeTC5I TaK)Ke KaK buçğa.~k "QTO-JIH60 OTpe3aHHoe, oTpe30K, cerMeHT" ICeBopT5IH 1978: 282-283/. ECJIl1 OH2Jl - napaJIJIeJIbHOe Ha3BaHHe Ey~)I(aKa, TO OHO ~OJI)KHO 6bIJIO . 6bI CPYHKQHOHHpOBaTb Hap5IlJ,y c Eecçapa6HeM, QT06bl, paCIIIHpHB B pe3Y JIbTaTe nepeOCMbICJIeHH5I pOTaQI13HpOBaHHYlO CBoe (n CJIaB5IHH3HpOBaHHYlO) CO~ep)KaHHe, ~aTb CPOpMY Y2po8AaXUR http://www.turkdilleri.org - A.X. rHP<I>AHOBA, H.n. CYXAqEB 100 npMMeHMTeJIhHO K BaJIaXMM npM TOM, qTO 3Ta 06JIaCTh CXBaThIBaJIaCh TaK)I(e nOH5ITM5IMM MOJI,ı::ı;oBJIaXM5I M Bor,ı::ı;aHOBJIaXM5I. Tor,ı::ı;a TypeII;Koe MM5I OHrJIa, B03MO)l(HO, KaJIhKMpOBaHO CO cpe,ı::ı;HerpeqeCKOrO, qTO Bpo,ı::ı;e 6hI corJIacyeTC5I M C XpOHOJIOrMeM. He HCKJIIOqeHa TaK)I(e H 06paTHa5I KaJIhKa c TIOpKCKOro HCTOQHHKa, OCMhICJIeHHOrO B 6aJIKaHCKOM 5I3hIKOBOM cpe,ı::ı;e no,ı::ı; BJIH5IHMeM BH3aHTHllCKOM Tpa,ı::ı;UU,HH. Ilpe,ı::ı;cTaBJIeHHe, COrJIaCHO KOTOPOMY By,ı::ı;)I(aK "npOCTHpaeTC5I Me)l(,ı::ı;y ,IJ;YHaeM H THpacoM (,IJ;HecTpoM- A. r., H. C.) no HanpaBJIeHHIO K QepHoMY MOpIO M OKaHQIIBaeTC5I OCTPhIM yrJIOM" (,IJ;MHTPHM KaHTeMHp "ünMcaHMe MOJI,ı::ı;oBbI"), 5IBHO He COOTBeTcTByeT TO MY BM,ı::ı;eHHIO MMpa, KOTopoe 6hIJIO npHBhIQHO BH3aHTMMII;Y Y roJI, IX H nOCJIe,ı::ı;yıorn;MX CTOJIeTHM. ,ı::ı;eMCTBMTeJIhHO o6pa3yeMhIM Ha KapTe Beccapa6MM Me)l(,lJ;ypeQheM ,IJ;HecTpa, IlpYTa M AYHa5I Bp5I,ı::ı; JIH Mor 6hITh 3aMeQeH COBpeMeHHHKaMH Acnapyxa H <PeocpaHa. 3TO TOJIhKO "reorpacpHQeCKOe" BH,ı::ı;eHHe 06-beKTa, HO H.e "nCTOpHQeCKoe". MCTOpHQeCKa5I reorpacpM5I HH)l(Hero Ilo,lJ;yHaBh5I B paHHeM Cpe,ı::ı;HeBeKOBhe - 06JIaCTb HeBe,ı::ı;OMoro. Ha aBapcKHM cTpaT B. nepBoM TpeTH X IX B. HaQHHaIOT oce,ı::ı;aTb neqeHerH, KOTopbıe pa30lIIJIHCb K KOHII;y CTOJIeTH5I no BceM AYHaMCKOM paBHHHe. B JIeBo6epe)l(HOM Ilo,lJ;yHaBbe Ha TeppHTopHH PYMbIHHH BbI5IBJIeH ıı;eJIbIM nJIaCT rH,ı::ı;pOHHMOB (l)ui npe,ı::ı;nOJIO)l(HTeJIbHO neqeHe)l(CKoro npOHCXO)l(,ı::ı;eHH5I IConea , Donat 1958: 167-169/. TıopKcKHe (neQeHe)l(cKHe) QepTbI ern;e Ha - np05IBJI5IIOTC5I B COMaTHQeCKOM 06JIHKe MerJIeHopYMbIH, 5IBJI5IIOID;HXC5I, no MHeHHIO r. Baii:raH,ı::ı;a, nOTOMKaMH "60JIrapOBJIaxoB", OCHOBaBIIIHX B KOHu;e XII BTopoe BOJIrapCKOe ıı;apcTBo IQepH5IK B. 1990 6.: 221-222/. B AHaJIOrHQHblM "neQeHe)l(CKHll THn" Ha6JIıo,ı::ı;aeTC5I B BOCTOQHOM Cep6MH. xııı-xıv BB. B HH)I(HeM Ilo,ı::ı;YHaBbe B3aMMo,ı::ı;eMcTBYI9T BH3aHTHMCKa5I H Op,ı::ı;bIHCKa5I Tpa,ı::ı;HII;HM IPycceB 1989/., B xvı-xvııı BB. By,ı::ı;)I(aKCKa5I CTenb- 3TO MeCTO KOQeBb5I 6y,ı::ı;)I(aKCKHX HJIM aKKepMaHCKHX TaTap, OTKOJIOBillHXC5I . OT BOJIbillOM HoraMcKoM Op,ı::ı;bI. HoraMcKHe po,ı::ı;onJIeMeHHbıe Ha3BaHM5I npOCJIe)l(HBaIOTC5I B TonOHHMHH ıora MOJI,ı::ı;OBbI l,IJ;poH 1981: 571. C HaQaJIa XVI B. Beccapa6H5I BXo,ı::ı;HT B COCTaB MOJI,ı::ı;aBCKoro KH5I)I(eCTBa, HO IO)I(Ha5I ee QaCTb - By,ı::ı;)I(aK- CTaHOBHTC9. OCMaHCKOM npOBHHII;HeM. HapeQb 3TY TeppHTopHIO MOrJIH KaK OCMaHII;bI, TaK M HoraMII;bI HJIH neQeHerH, a B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT 3Toro MeH5IeTC5I He TOJIbKO HanpaBJIeHHe 3aHMCTBOBaHHM, HO H MOTHBau;M5I TonoHHMa. K orY30- neQeHe)l(cKoMY nJIaCTY 3THOHHMOB OTHOCHTC5I, B QaCTHOCTH, Ha3BaHHe po,ı::ı;OBoro 06be,ı::ı;HHeHH5I nOJIOBıı;eB 6YPÔJlC02Jlbl - 6YPÔJlCOKJlbl 1984b 63: 1988: 125/. ÜHO aHaJIH3HpyeTC5I KaK bura "3TOT, 3TY CTOPOHY" + dzaq "CTopOHa, 60K" + acpcpHKc 06JIa,ı::ı;aHH5I HJIH IBaCKaKOB 3,ı::ı;eCb, no http://www.turkdilleri.org 101 3AMETKI1 no EAnKAHCKOH TOnOHOMl1KE TIOPKCKoro IIPOI1CXO)KAEHIDI OTHOlııeHIUI -ıyı -li, bur(a)dzaqlu "Te, KTO no 3TY CTopOHY: HaXOı[VI~HHC5I Ha 3TOH CTopOHe" (cp. aJ-lÔJlCOı.llbl- po,ı::ı;OBoe 06he,ı::ı;HHeHHe nonOBl.ı;eB, Ha3BaHHe KOTOPbIX BKnlOqaeT MeCTOHMeHHe an- "TOT"). Pa3YMeeTC5I, Henh351 nonaraTb, qTO 6yp,ı::ı;)I(OrnhI MornH Henocpe,ı::ı;CTBeHHO 3acenHTh EYÔJlCaK, r,ı::ı;e neqeHenı e~e npOCne)I(HBaIOTC5I B oıHıpa5lCb Ha CTPYKTYPY npHBe,ı::ı;eHHoro 3THOHHMa, XI B. MO)I(HO nHllib, npe,ı::ı;nonO)ı(HTb, Ha3BaHHe Ey,ı::ı;)I(aK Morno 6hl TaK)I(e qneHHTbC.sı Ha bu: + dzaq qTO "3Ta CTopOHa" no OTHOllieHHIO K "TOH" (npaBo6epe)ı(HOH) CTopOHe ,ı:ı;YHa5l. MeCTOHMeHHe (~momJ ama, amo" BO Bcex TIOPKCKHX HCTOQHHKaX bu: ,ı::ı;n51 ynöTpe6n5leTC5I YKa3aHH.sı Ha npe,ı::ı;MeT, 6nH)I(aHlliHH npOCTpaHCTBeHHOH HnH BpeMeHHOH nepcneKTHBe ICeBopT.sıH B 1978: 225- 228/. EcnH npHBe,ı::ı;eHHa51 3THMOnOrH5I npHeMneMa, TO cpe,ı::ı;HerpeQ. vOyyILos "yron" eCTh nepeBO,ı::ı; TIOPKCKOH CPOPMbl no açCOI.ı;HaI.ı;HH c 60nee Y3yanhHhIM bucak (TO )I(e ). IIpH 3TOM YBenHQHBaeTC5I reorpacpHQeCKa.sı Heonpe,ı::ı;eneHHOCTh COOTBeTCTBYIO~eH 06naCTH, H Tor,ı::ı;a YıpOB.IlaXUR nOrHQeCKH npOTHBOCTOHT IO)I(Ho,ı::ı;YHaHCKHM BanalliCKHM apeanaM, QTO no,ı::ı;Kpenn.sıeTC5I ,ı::ı;pyroH ceMaHTHQeCKOH napannenhlO. PeQb H,ı::ı;eT O TYp. iiflak kara iiflak "Mon,ı::ı;aBH5I" (npHMeHHTenbHO K 60nee l<I>acMep 1964. T. 1/ Hap5l,ı::ı;y c kara olach (XII B.) "BanaxH5I" H ceBepHoH) "Mon,ı::ı;oBaHHH", 51BHO cnpoBOI.ı;HpOBaBlliHMH cpe,ı::ı;HerpeQ. "MaBpoBnaxH Nigri Latini (= J.lavp6f3ILaxos ,ı::ı;YHaHcKHe BnaXH" H naTHHH3HpOBaHHYlO CPOpMY cnOBa (TO )I(e). OCHOBaHHeM ,ı::ı;n51 opHeHTaI.ı;HH ,ı::ı;aHHoro cnoBoynoTpe6neHH5I He Ha cpe,ı::ı;HerpeQeCKYIO, a Ha TIOPK05l3hlQHYlO Tpa,ı::ı;HI.ı;HIO 51Bn5leTC5I xapaKTepHhlH ,ı::ı;n51 nocne,ı::ı;HeH 3nHTeT KOTOPhlM npH npOCTpaHTCTBeHHOH kara"QepHbIH", ,ı::ı;HcpcpepeHI.ı;HaI.ı;HH 3THoca 0603HaQanHCh ceBepHhıe (nH60 3ana,ı::ı;Hbıe) nneMeHa H HapO,ı::ı;HOCTH KOHOHOB 1975: 161-170/. "Ha3h1Ba1OT apYMbIH Pa3BHBa51 beliviasi "6enbıe TY )I(e TP a,ı::ı;H I.ı;HIO , ICp. : 60nrapbl (T. e. IO)I(Hbıe) BnaxH" ILJepH5IK 1990 a: 192/. TaKHM o6pa30M, 3THOHHM MaBpOB.IlaXU H TonOHHM Y ıp06.1laXUR OKa3hIBaIOTC.sı KOCBeHHhlM OTpa)I(eHHeM npHBhlQHOll ,ı::ı;n51 TIOPK05l3hIQHblX '3THOCOB CHCTeMbl HOMHHaI.ı;HH. IIpH 3TOM cpopMaHT yıpo- OTpa)I(aeT YCTHYIO Tpa,ı::ı;HI.ı;HIO BOCnpH5ITH5I TlopKCKoro Ha3BaHH5I Ey,ı::ı;)I(aKa KaK HeKOH ceBepHo,ı::ı;YHaHCKOH TeppHTopHH, aCCOI.ı;HHpOBaBllieHC5I Eeccapa6HeH OTHOCHTenbHO n03,ı::ı;HO. c IO)I(HOH 3TO Morno npOH30HTH H B OCMaHCKHH nepHO,ı::ı;, ecnH HMeTh B BH,ı::ı;y, QTO HoraHI.ı;eB CTanH Ha3bIBaTb 6y,ı::ı;)I(aKCKHMH TaTapaMH no MeCTY HX 06HTaHH5I. http://www.turkdilleri.org A.X. rHP<I>AHOBA, H:JI. CYXA~EB 102 Ha3BaHMe cOnpe~eJlhHOH JleBo6epe)l(HOMY Ey~)I(aKY npaBo6epe)l(HOH ()QJI::ı.P'J'H ;lloQPyp;:ia (PYM. Dôbrogea, 6oJlr. JI.o6pyiJJlCa) nOQTH e~MHogyI.IIflO " . CqMTaeTC5I npe06pa30BaHHhlM B Typell,KOM 5I3hlKe 60JlrapCKMM npMJlaraTeJlhHhIM *JI.o6pomut.{,a (3eM5I) = "terra Dobrodici", no MMeHM KH5I3a ,U06POTMll,hl (cepe~. XIV B.) l<I>acMep 1964. T. 1/. 3TY (1869), K. HpeqeK .(1876), (1927), B. Eorp5I (lg21) M ~p. ICM.: 3TMMOJlOnUO no~~ep)l(lmaJlM H . .r:ı:ypM~aHoB (1914), H. Hopra II. MYTacpqMeB B03BO~MJlaCh JI.o6pyiJJlCa M dobrb "~06PhIH" MJlM CJlaB. dobrice "KaMeHMCTa5I M 6eCnJlO~H5I 3eMJl5I" ITaM )L(e: 97-98/. ,UeHcTBMTeJlhHO, B JlaTMHCKMX M rpeqeCKMX ~oKYMeHTax xıv-xv BB BCTpeQaeTC5I partes Dobrodice, Terrarum Dobrodicii, Dobritze. L1o[3por{KEm ... xmpav 1958: 97/. Alexsandrescu-Dersca Henocpe~CTBeHHO K CJI;lB5IHCKOMY npMMeHMTeJlhHO K TeppMTopMM K ceBepy OT BapHhI M KOBapHhl (EOJlrapM5I) ITaM )L(e : 991. rpaHMll,hl 3TOH conpe~eJlhHOH "3eMJlM" He OQepQeHhi. Hap5I~y c npMBeAeHHhIMM Ha3BaHM5IMM, 'OTMeQeHO Sahra-i Dobrudga "paBHMHa ,U06pY~)ı(M" y XO~)ı(M Ca'~ 3~ ,UMHa (1536-1599), a TaK>Ke 60Jlee paHHMe CPOPMhl, 0603HaQalOIll,Me TeppMTopMIO K iory OT 'uYHa5I: Burğan, Berğan, Borğean M ard bruğan (npM apa6. ard "3eMJl5I, cTpaHa")- nOCJle~Me ~e y H~PMCM ITaM )l(e: B 1903 99, 101/. r. r. ",U3HecKY npe~nOJlO)ı(MJI, QTO Ha3BaHMe ,U06pY~)ı(M B03HMKJlO B pe3YJlhTaTe KOHTaMMHall,MM CJlaB. dobrb M Typell,KO-TaT. Budjak, Dobr( ob )udja(k) ICM. TaM )l(e: 98/. M. M. AJleKcaH~pecKY ,UepcKa, nO~hITO)ı(MB MCTOPMIO M3YQeHM5I CJlOBa, COOTHOCMT ero c 3THOHMMOM3 Burğan, 5IKo6hI npMCBoeHHhIM apa6cKMMM reorpacpaMM npoTo6oJlrapaM-TlopKaM". IIpM 3TOM ~onYCKaeTC5I CYlll,eCTBOBaHMe . HeKoero apa6cKoro TepMMHa Dhu Bruğan MJlM Dhu Borğean (no aHaJlOrMM c Dhu' L Wizaratain ~Jl5I BM3aHTMM, r~e dhu KOHCTPYKll,M5I), KOTOPhIM BM3aHTMMll,hI + reHeTMB- nocceCMBHa5I 0603HaQaJlM neQeHerOB, oKKynMpoBaBllIMX ,Uo6py~)I(y B cepe~MHe ~II B. H:;lIIMCaHM5I Borğan, Burğan,'Berdan, !raM )l(e: Borsan BhI5IBJl5IIOTC5I no apa6cKMM MCTOQHMKaM ıx-xı BB .. 106, 114/. HeTpY~Ho 3aMeTMTh, QTO aBTOp ~onYCKaeT cyry60 KHM)I(HYIO peaJlMlo: nepeHOC apa6CKoro Y3yca, onocpe~oBaHHoro KOHcepBaTMBHOM BM3aHTMMcKOM xpOHorpacpMeM B 6aJlKaHCKYlO peQeBYIO CTMXI1IO. K TOMY )l(e cpopMaHT AJleKCaH~pecKy-,UepcKa, d 0- eCJlM nOJlYQaeT OQeHh npMH5ITb BepCMIO npM6J1M3MTeJlbHOe 06b5ICHeHMe. l.JTO KaCaeTC5I 6yp~)I(aH Epb:>KAHaHM, Ep)l(~aH, (EYPla1-l) cp. TonOHMMbI TMna Ebp~)I(aHM, IBrezdan 3aMMoB 1967: 110/; EYP~)I(oBa http://www.turkdilleri.org 3AMETKl1 rro EAJ1KAHCKOH TOrrOHOMl1KE TIOPKCKOrO OPOl1CXO>KD:EHIDI qYKapa 13aIIMoB 103 TpaKTyeMbıe KaK aHTponOHHMbI ıınH B 1977: 77i, KaqeCTBe npOH3BO,ı:ı;HbIX OT 6onr. 6bPÔO "BbICOTa, XOnM" H T. n. MM CqHTaeM 60nee y,ı:ı;aqHOM ,ı:ı;ora,ı:ı;KY r. ,I1;3HecKY c KOHTaMHHa:U;H5IMII CnaB5IHCKOrO M TıopKcKorO 3neMeHTOB B Ha3BaH.H"it ,I1;06py,ı:ı;)KH, HO npe,ı:ı;naraeM cne,ı:ı;yıoı:u;yıo nOnpaBKY. KaK MO)KHO 6bInO 3aMeTHTb Ha npHMepe Eeccapa6MM H Eor,ı:ı;aHHH, cpe,ı:ı;HeBeKOBbıe Ha3BaHH5I KpynHblx H MenKHX reorpaqmqeCKHX 06naCTeM Qaı:u;e Bcero OCTaBanHCb He CTporo onpe,ı:ı;eneHHbIMM. A,ı:ı;MHHMCTpaTIIBHo-nOnHTHQeCKMe rpaHH:U;hI paHHero Cpe,ı:ı;HeBeKOBb5I B :u;enOM BeCbMa ycnoBHbi. EYÔJlCaK 5IBHO He COCTaBn5In MCKnıoQeHH5I H3 CnO)KMBUıerOC5I Y3yca. Henb35I n03TOMY HCKnıoQHTb B03MO)KHOCTb OTHOCMTenbHO paHHero (B X-XI BB. ) pacnpOCTpaHeHM5I Ha3BaHM5I c neBo6epe)KHOrO Ilo,ı:ı;YHaBb5I (a B ,ı:ı;aHHOM cnYQae H3 Eeccapa6MH B Y3KOM CMbıcne) Ha BCıo ,ı:ı;YHaMCKYıo. ,ı:ı;enbTY H QaCTb TeppMTopHH, Haxo,ı:ı;5IIIJ;eMC5I K ıory OT Hee, TO eCTb Ha 06naCTb, ne)Kaı:u;yıo Me)K,ı:ı;y ,I],YHaeM H QepHblM MopeM. <popMa ard bruğan Ha "KapTe M,ı:ı;PHCH (cepe,ı:ı;MHa XM B.) K 3TOM "3eMne" M OTHOCMTC5I. 3,ı:ı;eCb, Brnpe,ı:ı;enax ManoM CKHCPHH pMMcKoro BpeMeHH, KOTOpa5I ,ı:ı;onbllIe ,ı:ı;pyrHx npM,ı:ı;YHaMcKHx Bna,ı:ı;eHHM OCTaBanaCb no,ı:ı; peanbHblM KOHTponeM BH3aHTHH, Morna npoxo,ı:ı;MTb M ceBepHa5I rpaHM:u;a "3eMenb ,I1;o6:POTM:U;bl-partes Dobrotici, Dobritze naTHHCKHX MCTOQHHKOB XMY -XY BB. B HTore CMellIeHH5I ,r:ı;Byx HOMHHa:U;MM, TıoPKCKOM H CnaB5IHCKOM, M Morno n05IBMTC5I Ha3BaHMe .D:06py,ı:ı;)KM. rpaHH:u;a Me)K,ı:ı;y nocne,ı:ı;HeM H co6CTBeHHO Ey,ı:ı;)KaKOM, CTaBllIHM K TO MY EpeMeHH "TaTapCKMM yrnoM", np~nerna no KpaMHeMY BOCTOQHOMY pycny ,I],YHa5I. M3nO)KeHHa5I rMnOTe3a no,ı:ı;Kpenn5IeT Bep05ITHOCTb nepBOHaQanbHO Toro, QTO bu-dzaq Morno 03HQaTb "3Ta CTopOHa (,I1;YHa5I )" H nHllIb Bnocne,ı:ı;CTBHM cnOBO 6bInO nepeOCMblcneHO' KaK "yron", QT'o 60nee npHMeHMMO K npaBo6epe)KHOM ,I],o6pY)Ke, 3a)KaTOM Me)K,ı:ı;y ,I1;YHaeM H QepHbIM MopeM. B 3TOM cnYQae 60nee onpaB,ı:ı;aHHbIM CTaHOBHTC5I H nepeHOC BH3aHTMMCKoro MMeHH OHrn Ha coce,ı:ı;Hıoıo c ,I1;o6py,ı:ı;)KeM BanaxMıo (YrpoBnaxMıo). 3TO HM5I HHKor,ı:ı;a He pacnpOCTpaH5InOCb Ha BCıo Mon,ı:ı;oBY (B OTnW-IMe OT Eeccapa6MH M Eor,ı:ı;aHHM),QTO no,ı:ı;Kpenn5Ino 6bl cyııı:eCTBOBaHMe 'KOMIT03HTa MOJlÔ06JlaXUR Yıp06JlaXUR Ha cpOHe o,ı:ı;HOTHnHhIX M EOıÔal-106JlaXUR , nOCKonbKY ceBepHo,ı:ı;yHaMCKHe 3eMnH BocnpMHMManMCb KaK e,r:ı;HHa5I BanallICKa5I 06n~CTb, a Ey,ı:ı;)KaK (OHrn) K HeM He OTHOCHnC5I, Qero Henb35I YTBep)K,ı:ı;aTb OTHOCHTenbHO ,I1;o6py,ı:ı;)KH, TO 'ecTh npaBo6epe)KHOM QaCTH Ey,ı:ı;)KaKa MnH OHrJIa, ecnH HallIH YMo3aKnıoQeHM5I KoppeKTHbi. Pacnpe,ı:ı;eneHMe TonOHHMOB Ha ıoro-3ana,ı:ı;e ,I1;o6py,ı:ı;)KM) M Buceag (03epo Bugeacul (Ha3Ba~He Tpex MeCTHOCTeM B http://www.turkdilleri.org 104 A.X. rI1P<I>AHOBA, H.JI. CYXA l.J:EB )J,06py}];)l(e H COnpe}];enhHOH 5InoMIU:ı;e) nO-CBOeMY IlOKa3aTenhHO }];n5I paCCMaTpHBaeMOrO cnyqa5I. TIpe}];nO)l(eHHa5I TpaKTOBKa BneqeT eıı.ı;e O}];HO }];OIlyıı.ı;eHHe }];n5I 3THMOnOrmı EyÔJICaK. TI05IBn5IeTC5I Bep05ITHOCTh TOrO, qTO <popMaHT bu- eCTh pe}l;y.QHpOBaHHhlH BapHaHT MeCTOHMeHH5I 6ypa, BhıqneHeHHoro A.H. EaCKaKOBhIM }];n5I 3THOHHMa 6YPÔJlCOK.Ilbl (cp. apa6CKHe HaIlHCaHH5I THIla Burğan). KOHTaMHHa.QH5I CnaB5IHCKOrO 3THOHHMa *Jıo6pomut.ta (3eM5I) H orY30IleQeHe)l(CKOrO bu-dzaq "3Ta CTopOHa" BIlonHe }];OIlYCTHMa, KaK H ero IlepeOCMhıcneHHe B OCMaHCKOH cpe}];e B KaQeCTBe budzak 'yron" ilo}]; BnH5IHHeM rpeQeCKOH H CnaB5IHCKOH peQH, BOCIlpHH5IBıııeH ILO 3aKOHaM HapO}];HOH 3THMonorHH 60nee 06HXO}l;HYIO TIOPKCKYIO <POpMY. ThrrepaTypa EaCKaKOB H. A., "Mo}];enH TIOPKCKHX TOIlOHHMOB H HX KnaCCH<pHKa.QH5I", OHO.MaCmUKa BocmoKa. M., 1980. C. 199-207. EaCKaKOB H. A., "IlMeHa IlonOB.QeB H Ha3BaHH5I IlonOBe.QKHX IlneMeH B PYCCKHX neTOIlHC5IX", TlopKCKaR OHO.MaCmUKa. AnMa-ATa, 1984. C. 48-77. EnaIIIKOBHQ H., "TOIlOHHMhI TeppHTopHH CnOBaKHH''., rpeKyn <1>. A., (COCT.) CTapOTıopKCKoro IlPOHCXO)l(}];eHH5I Ha Bonpocbl R3blK03HaHUR. 1972. H 6. C. 61-75. C.Ila8RHO-.MO.llÔa8CKUe .Ilemonucu xv-xvı 88. M., 1976. ry60rny M., "Type.QHH HCTOQHHK YKpaHHe", BocmOt.tHbıe 1740 r. o BanaxHH, Mon}];aBHH H ucmOt.tHUKU IOZ080cmot.tl-WU u l1eHmpa.llbHOU E8ponbl . no ucmopuu HapOÔ08 M., 1964. C. 131-161. JıuKl{UOHap ÔUa.lleKma.ll (KY8uHme, ceHcypb, ifıop.Me). KHIIIHH3Y, 1985. 1-2; 1985-1987. )J,POH ll. B., "«KoMpaT»-3THOTOIlOHHM HoraHCKoro IlPOHCXO)l(}];eHH5I", C08emcKaR mlOpKO.llOZUR. 1981 Hı. C. 54-59. EpeMH5I A. ll., Teozpaifıut.tecKue Ha38aHUR paCCKa3bl8alOm. KHIIIHHeB, 1990. Bon. H., 3aHMOB 3aCe.ll8aHe Ha 6b.llZapCKUme C.Ila8RHU Ha Ea.llKaHCKUR nO.llyocmp08. IIpoYt.t8aHe Ha JlCUme.llCKUme U.MeHa 8 6b.llZapCKa monOHUMuR. C0<pH5I, 3aHMOB 1967. H., MecmHume UMeHa 8 IIaHazlopCKO. C0<pH5I, 1977. KHpHn3 A., "3THorpa<pHQeCKHe CB5I3H B 30He HH)l(HerO TIpYTa", HcmopUR u apxeO.llOZUR HUJlCHeZO IIoôYHa8bR. Te3HChI }];OKna}];OB. PeHH, 1991. C. 58-60. http://www.turkdilleri.org 3AMETKl1 no BAJIKAHCKOH: TOnOHOMHKE TIOPKCKoro I1POI1CXmK,ı::ı;EHIDI KOBaQeB 105 H., MecmHume Ha38aHUR om Ce8.1lUe8CKO. COqIH5I, 1961. KOHOHOB A.H., "CeMaHTHKa D;BeToo603HaqeHIISI B TIOPKCKHX Sl3bIKax", TlopKO.llOıUt.teCKUU C60pHUK. 1975. M., 1978. C. 159-179. JIe3HHa H. P., "K Bonpocy o cTpaTH.pHKaı:ı;1ı1ı TIOPKCKIIX reHOTonOHHMOB KpbIMa", OHoMacmuKa: TunO.llOıuR. CmpamuçpUKal1UR. M., 1988. C. 144-160. JIHTaBpIIH r. r., "<I>opMııpoBaHHe paHHe.peo,ı::ı;aJIbHOrO H pa3BHTııe 60JIrapCKOro rocy~apcTBa (KOHeD; PaHHeçpeOÔa.llbHbıe ıocyôapcm8a VII- HaQaJIO XI B.)", Ha B a.llKaHax. UI-XII 88. M., 1985, C.132-188. MeHrec K. r., Bocmot.tHbıe a.lleMeHmbl 8 'LJL08e o nO.llKY Hıope8e". JI., 1979. MHKOB B., IIpou3xoô u 3Hat.teHue Ha UMeHama Ha Haıuume ıpaÔ08e, ce.lla, peKU, n.llaHUHU u Mecma. CO.pHSI, 1943. MOJIJIOBa M. P., "OHOMaCTHQeCKııe HCCJIe~OBaHIISI o «Ea3ap» ii «Eacap»", C08emcKaR mlOpKO.llOıUR. 1974. H 6. C. 68-74. MOJIQaHOBa O. T., "'llHCJIHTeJIbHbıe ii CQeTHbıe CJIOBa B aJITaHCKHx TonOHHMax", IIpoııcxo)l(~eHHe a60pııreHOB CH611PH ii HX Sl3bIKOB. TOMCK, 1976. C. 151-155. Myp3aeB 3. M., Ot.tepKu monOl-lOMuKU.M., 1974. IIonoB A. H., Ha38aHuR Hapoôo8 CCCP. B8eôeHue 8 amHoHUMuKY. JI., 1973. PycceB H. A., "MaTepııaJIbl ~eHe)ı(Horo o6paııı;eHIISI xııı-xıv BB. H 30JIOTOOP~bIHCKoe rocnO~CTBO Ha HII)I(HeM AYHae", HcmopuR u apxeO.llOıUR HUJlCHeıoIIoôYHa8bR (TImeHuR naMRmu npoçpeccopa A. H. JI.o8amypa). Te311cbI ~OKJI~OB. PeHli, 1989. C. 96-97. CaTTapoB r. <1>., Tamapcmmt ACCCPHblH aHmpomonOHUMHapbl. Ka3aH, 1973. CaTTapoB r. <1>., "Ha3BaHHSI HaCeJleHHblX nYHKTOB TaTapIIH, npOH3BOAHbıe OT JllIlJHblX IIMeH", C08emcKaR mlOpKO.llOıUR. 1979. H 2. C. 37-47. CeBopTSlH 3. B., 3inUMO.l1pıut.tecKuu C.l108apb mlOpKcKuX R3blK08. M. 'n". M., 1978. B., "TonoHIIMIIKa Eeccapa611H H ee CBıı~eTeJIbCTBO o 06U1emlOpKcKue u MeJICmlOpKCKue OCH08bl Ha 6YK8Y CeprııeBcKIIH npoı:ı;ecce 3aCeJleHHSI TeppIlTOplılı", H38eCmUJl AH CCCP. CepUR OJIH. 1946. T. 5. BblII.4. C. 333-350. CyxaQeB H. n., ' "PYMbIHCKIIH Sl3bIK", OCH08bl R3blK03HaHUR: H3blKU 6a.llKaHCKOıo peıUOHa a.Il6aHCKUU, pOMaHCKue R3blKU). 6a.llKaHCKo2o, (H080ıpet.teCKUU, n., 1990. C. 141-182. http://www.turkdilleri.org 106 Typ6aQeB O. N., A.X. rHP<l>AHOBA, H.n. CYXA qEB "Indoarİca I1HTeprıpeTa:QlI5I. B CeBepHOM IIplIqepHOMOpbe : HCTOQHlIKlI.' PeKoHcTpYK:QlI5I", Bonpocbl Jl3bIK031-taHUJl. 1981. H 2. C. 3. 21. QepH5IK A. E. "APYMbIHcKlIH 5I3bIK", OCH06bl 6a.llKaHCKOlo Jl3bIK03HaHUJl ... n., 1990. C. 192-220. (a). QepH5IK A. E., "MerJleHopYMbIHCKlIH 5I3bIK", OCH06bl 6a.llKaHCKOlo Jl3blK03HaHUJl ... n., 1990. C. 221-237 (6). III,ep6aK: A.M., "3HaKlI Ha KepaMlIKe LI KlIprılIQaX 1I3 CapKeJla- EeJlOH Be)l(lI (K Borıpocy o 5I3bIKe LI lllICbMeHHOCTlI Ile QeHerOB)" , MamepUa.llbl u UCC.IleÔ06aHUJl no apXeO.l102UuCCCP. n. , 1959. H 75. C. 362-389. (=TpY}J;bI BOJlro-,n:oHcKoH apxeoJlOfI'IQeCKOH 3Kcrıe}J;1IIJ;lIM. T.2). 5I:QMMlIPCKMH A. H., "HOBa5I TeOplI5I PYMbIHcKoro YQeHOrO o IIPOMCXO)l(}J;eH~M Ha3BaHM5I «Eeccapa61I5I»", 3mHoıpaçfıut.tecKoe o603peHue. 1986. H 2-3. C. 228-239. Alexandrescu-Dersca M.-M., "L'orİgİne du nom de la Dobrudja", Contributions onomastiques, publ. il l'occasion' du VI Congres international des Sciences onomastiques il Munich du 24 au 28 Aoat 1958. Bucarest, 1958. P. 97-114. Bogrea V., Pagini istorico-filologice. Cluj, 197'1. Conea 1., Donat 1. "Contrİbution a l' etude de la toponİmİe petcheneguecomane de la plaİne roumaİne du Bas-Danube", Contribution onomastiques ... Bucarest, 1958. P. 139-169. Constantİnescu N. A., Dictionar onomastic romanesc. Bucureştİ, 1963. Iordan 1., Toponimia romaneasca. Bucureştİ, 1963. Kakuk S., Recherches, sur l'histoire de la langue osmanlfe des XVI et XVII siecles: Les ilements osmanlie de la langue hongroise. Budapest, 1973 (= Bibliotheca Orientalis Hungarica. 19). Mahmut E., "Strııctura numelor topice turcestİ medİevale dİn Dobro~ea", Limba romana. 1978. An. 27. N 3. P. 259-266. Petrovİcİ E., Studii de dialectologie şi toponimie. Bucureştİ, 1970. Rosettİ A:, Istoria limbii romane: 1. De la origini pina la inceptul secolului al XVII -lea. Bucureştİ, 1986. http://www.turkdilleri.org 3AMETKH 110 EAJIKAHCKOı1 TOIlOHOMI1KE TIOPKCKOrO I1P0I1CXOIKUEHI151 107 Özet: Türkçe Kökenli lJall{alı y ~rAdhırıÜzerine Notlar Besarabya, Boğdanya, .Dobruca, Bucak Balkan dillerindeki Türkçe sözvarlığı sadece günlük dile ait sözcükleri değil, aynı zamanda yer adlarını da kapsamaktadır. Ancak her araştırmacı, dilbilimci kendi alanına ait öğeleri, Slavist Slav dillerine ait, Türkdilbilimcisi Türkdilbilimine ait olanları incelemektedir. Yer adlarının çözümlenişi oldukça sorunludur. Bu soruna, her araştırıcı kendi yaklaşımına göre farklı açıklamalar getirmektedir. Burada ele alacağımız adlar Kuzey Karadeniz ve Adriyatik bölgesindeki yer adlarını, daha doğrusu bunlardan bir kaçını kapsamaktadır. Bu dizinin ilk yazısı Kunstkamera: Etrıografiçeskiye tetradi adlı derginin 1993 (fas. 2-3, s. 195207) sayısında yayımlanmıştır. Söz konusu yazıda Arceş, Artan, Balabantsı, Bezdyadul, Gorgan, Dalyan, Derekya, Kesar', Tunyuvato~ Uynintsı ve çungorl yer adları ele alınmıştır. 1. Besarabya: Bugü~e kadar bu adın Ufah prensi Basaraba'nın adından geldiği düşünülmekteydi. Bu adı ilk kez 1357 tarihli bir yazmada görüyoruz. 'Bu adla Moldavya prensliği ve bölgesi kastedilmektedir. 1912'den sonra ise daha çok Moldavya'nın doğusu için kullanılır olmuştur. Dar anlamda Karadeniz' den güneye doğru, Tuna ve Dinyester arasında kalan bölgeye aittir. Diğer görüşler ise şöylece sıralanabilir: D. Kantemir bess ve sorab kabileleriyle bağlantılı olabileceğini, P. Tunman ve A. Zaşçuk ise 13. yy.'da yaşamış olan Basaraba adlı Kıpç~k prensiyle ilişkili olabileceğini öne sürmüştür. B.P. Hajdeu ise Yun. f3aaıAEvS' a veya Ulah hükümdarlarından kalan ve bir soyluluk unvanı olan *saraba 'baş' sözünden geldiğini iddıa etmiştir. Kimi yazarlar da Kumanca ,bas + aru 'pek arı/temiz' ve a~a 'baba' adlarının birle.şiminden ortaya çıktığını öne sürmüştür. V. Mikov ise Bulgarca Basarbovo adını f3aaaapa 'tilki' ile ilgili görmüş, M. R. Mollova ise Farsçadan Türkçeye geçen bazar ve onun yanbiçimlerinden basar ile ilgili olduğunu düşünmektedir. Macar kaynaklarında görülen Bazarab, Bazarad, Bozora~ Mazarath gibi de Kuman prensi Basaraba ile ilgili görülmektedir. Fasmer ise bu adı Türkçe basar « bas- 'basmak') eylemiı:ıe bağlamalçtadır. şekiller http://www.turkdilleri.org lOS A.X. rHP<I>AHOBA, H.JI. CYXAqEB Sonuçta, bes + !Jaraboi « bes + !Jara + oba, Hraboy'lann 'beş kabilesi' üzerinde de durulduktan sonra çeşitli görüşler gözden geçirilir ve bu adın bir olasılıkla Ulah prensi Basaraha ile ilgili olabileceği belirtilir. 2. Bogdanya: Bu ad da çeşitli tarihi' kaynaklarda farklı şekillerde görülür. Rumence Bogdania, Mac. Bogdanorszag 'Bogdan ülkesi' (1620 yılı), bogdan 'Moldavyalı' (1623), Tü. (Osm.) bohdan (1615), Boğdan (1880) vb. İ. Dimitresku 1020'de bogday 'buğday' sözünü Bogdan, Cara Bogdan, Bogdan-ili adlanyla ilgili görür . Bogdan'ın içinde Tü. bögeylemini görenler de vardır. 3. Budjak (Bucak) Besarabya'nın "güney bölümü"ne Türkçede 'köşe, bucak' denirken Kırım Tatarcasında budzak /bucak/ denilmektedir (örn. Tatar bucağı). Romence şekilleri Bugeac, Buceag, Buceac'tır (son ikisi daha eski). Macarlar ise Bucsak (1634), Buczagsag demektedirler. 'Bucak, köşe' anlamındaki bu sözcük Sırp ve Hırvatlarda budiilk, Makedonlarda buçak, Arnavutlarda ise buxhak olarak geçer. Sözcük, bu anlamıyla Kınm Karayeası dışındaki tüm Türk dillerinde hemen hemen benzer anlamlarda, Kırım Karaycasında ise 'kıyı, kenar, son' olarak görülür. XVı-XVıI. yüzyıllarda Bucak bozkınnın merkezi' bölümünde yaşam süren Nogaylar Bucak Tatarları veya Bucaklar olarak adlandınlmışlardır. Bucak, Eski Türkçe bıç- 'kesıp.ek, biçmek' eyleminden -/[-a/[- eylemden ad yapım ekiyle oluşturulmuştur, bkz. buçga:k (Sevortyan 1978: 282-83). 4. Dobrudja (Dobruca) Bucak'ın sol kıyısına komşu olan bölgenin adı olan Dobruca (Rom. D6brogea, BuL. JI. o6pyôJ/Ca /dobrudja/) Fasmer'e göre Tü.Bul. *ôo6pomut.ta 'terra Dobrodici' ile ilgili olmalıdır. Dobruca, Slavca doblö 'iyi (Ô06pblU)' veya dobrice 'taşlık, verimsiz kurak toprak' sözlerine de gidebilir. Gerçekten de xıv-xv. yüzyıllardaki Latince, Yunanca belgelerde Dobrodice, Terrarum Dobrodicii, Dobritze ve o[3po'tlKtü) ... XOJpav adlany la karşılaşılmaktadır. 1903'te G. Denesku Dobruca adının Slavca dob1ô ve TürkITat. bucak ,sözlerinin birleşimiyle, *dobr( ob )uca(k) ara şeklinden çıktığını öne sürmüştür. Tabii öte yandan Dobruca adı, Slavca *dobrotiça ve OğuzIPeçen. bu-dza/[- 'bu taraf, bu yaka' sözlerinin etkisiyle, bir tür halk etimolojisi yoluyla, Osmanlıca bucak 'bucak, köşe' sözüne yaklaştırılarak ortaya çıkmış olabilir. http://www.turkdilleri.org