Milli Egitim MUdUrU
Transkript
Milli Egitim MUdUrU
T.C. TRABZON VALiLiCi iI Milli Egitim Miidlirlilgii SaYI : 65544067/821.99/672616 14/02 /2014 Konu: Uluslararasl Cografya Ol impiyau .. ...................... KA YMAKAMUGIN A ( il,e Milli Egi lim MUdUrlUgU ) ............................... MODORLOGONE ; II gi : Yenilik ve Egitim Teknoloj ileri Genel MUdurl UgUnUn 10/02 /2 0.1 4 tarihli ve 88013 3371 821.99/586774 say lll yaZlSI. TUrk Cografya Kurumunun Polonya'da yapllacak c lan "Ul uslararasl Cografya Olimpiyatmda" tilkemizi temsil edecek TUrk takllnllun ol u ~turul masl i'Yin TUrkiye gene lindeki tUm liselerde ogrenim goren ogrencil ere yone lik "Bilgi Yaf1 ~mas l" dilzenleyecegine ili ~ki n ilgi yazl ve a~lkJamalar ekte g6 nd e rilmi ~ tir .. Yazmm ih;enizlokuJunuz ogrencilerine duyurulmasl hususlll1da ge reg ini rica ederim . HIZIr AK TA~ Vali a. Milli Egitim MUdUrU EKL ER: Yazi ( I adel) A,lklama (7 adet) DAGITIM : Kaymakamllklara Cil,e Milli Egitim MiidiirlUgii) Ortahisar TUm Lise MUdi.irltiklerine ~1)"e ",1 Elektronik 1rflzZIt Ash ile Ayntdlr 1'l- I CZ.120.t~ nil beige. 5070 !>a)'lh Elektronik Im:r..1 Kanununun 5 inci maddcsi gere~ince gllvenli elektronik iOlza ile irm~alanml~tlr Evrak teyidi hup:llcvraksorgu.mcb.goY.tr adrl.!sinden Od75-6a ' (I-3a 12-a7 1O-)cO kodu ile )":Ipl labilir. HnkOme! K.on~L610·tO TRAZON Eleklroni k Ag:ww\\ .trabzon .mcb.goy. Ir e-posla onaogetim61 @)neb.gov.tr Ayrlnlilt bilgi i~in : G. MEMISKAPTANoGLU Sb.Md. R. BEKTAS $ef Tel :(0462)B0209-l -11 09- IIOR Faks: (0462) 2302096 T.e. MiLLi EGiTiM BAKANLIG I YcnHik ve Egitim Tcknolojileri Genel Miidiirltigii , 10102/2014 Say, : 880 13337182 1.991586774 Konu: Ul uslararasl Cografya Olimpiyau .. .. . .......... .. VAL iLi o iNE 01 Milli Egilim Mlidlirlligii) ilgi ,Ortaiigretim Genel Mtidlirlligli'ntin 21.01.2014 tarihJ i ve 840375561 18211281342 saylh yazlSl. Turk Cografya Kurumu'nun. Po lo nya'da yapilacak "Uluslararas l Cografya Olimpiyau"nda i.ilkemizi temsil edecek TUrk tak.lmm l o lu~turrn ak Uzere, Ttirkiye geneli {lim resmi ve ozel li se ogrencilerine yone li k "Bilgi Yan~ma s l" dtizenlemek istediklerine 11i~kin ilgi yazl i nce Jenmi ~tir. TUrkiye Cumhuri yeti Anayasasl, Mi lli Egitim Teme l Kanunu ile TUrk Mi ll i Egitiminin gene l ama~ l af1na uygun olarak. ilgili yasal dUzen lemc lerde be lirtilen ilke, esas ve ama~lara ayklflhk te~kil ctmeyccek ~ekilde . denetimi il milli egitim mUdUrlUkleri tarafmdan ger~ekle~liri l m ek Uzere soz konusu ya n ~marun yapilmasl uygun gori.i IJ11i.i~ttir . Bilgilerinizi \Ie geregini ri ca ederim. Mustafa KO<;: Bakan a. Gene! MUdGr EK : i1gi yazl ve ekleri (10 sayfa) DAO ITIM : Geregi: B Plan, Bilgi : Ortaogretim Gene! MGdOr}ilgG Qzel Ogretim Kurumlan Gene l MGdtirltigti TUrk Cografya Kurumu Bu beige. .5070 sayll! Eleklronik Im7.8 Kanummun 5 im;; maddesi gc rc~nce g(l.,.cnli e1ektronik imza ile imzahlflml~ur Evr:lk. teyidi http://evraksorgu.mcb.gov.lradresinden dca8·dc37·3b29·a49J·b46b k<KIu ile yapllabilir. Konya Yolur r.Okullar/ANKARA Elcklfonik Ag: www.mcb.go\..tr y~gitck@;mcb.go\'.tr Aynnllll bilgi i~'in: Y~$AlIiN ( UL. 6~retmen) Td: (0 31 2) 2969440 Faks: (0 3 12) 2238736 •, , - ? • TURK COGRAFYA KURUMU , 1941 KurumumUI uiusiararasl ortamda da TOrkiye'dekl colrafi ~all~malarl va Turk colrafyacdantll temsJl eden ~h$malarda bufunmaktad.r. Bu ~n;evede oneml' bir uiusiararasl faallyet o(an -Uiusiaratasl CoA:rafya Olimpiyatl" lise tiirencllerlne y6nl!lik blr bllgl y~lrI$milSI olarak ler.ekle~lrllm.ktedlr. kUr'umumuz, 11.5i 2014 Ylhl1da PoJonya'da gerekle$1irilecek olan Uiusiararasl CoArafya Olimpiyatlna, detaY1 ekte verllen blr dili ~ah$ma lie JcatilmaYI planlamaktadlf. Bu ~ercevede pte.di desteklerl bulmak 1~ln de 8iri~im'erde bulunmaktaYlz. Bu ~er~evede ollmplyat. gitrneye hak kazanacak 6trencl va Olretmenlerlmlzin masraflan kurumumuz tarafrndan kar$llana~ktlr. Ekte verllen prole doArultusunda, 2012 Ulu~l.rar." CoAraty. Ollmpiyat,nd. y.,,$.c.f'l't'rlt.....""~ taklmml olu$turmak 1~ln Ollte genellnde IIseler arastnda yapllacak SlnilV ve dller etkln,jk'erin ler~ekl~lrUmesll'iln gerekli duvuru 'lie mOsaadelerinltl saygilartmllia arz ederlz. Ek 1. UluslaritritSf Colrafya Ollmptyatl 2014 K~lhm Proje5i Ekl. o.vet mektubu ve ItiIbhm fotmu Orneli Ek3. D;tM ancekf Iznimiz: 60y(lkre,1t Pa~a Cad. No: 44149. LALELI - ISTANBUL Tel; (021:2) 455 57 00 I 15767 -1 57S6 Wo@t<k.org.tr www.tck.org.tr www.tcd.org.tr nrtc COJrafyil If;uJ'\lmu, 24-07.1947 tarlh ve }-6l16 saylll Baka,,\ar Kul'\llu If;aran lit "Kamu Yilntnnil t;.allpiD Dtme~r. I .1 ..J 11. ULUSLARARASI cOORAFYA OUMPIYATI (lGEO)2014 (12.18 Alustos 2014 Krakow I Polonya) , KATiUM PROJESI TANIM V£ G£REXC;El.ER UluslararaSi CoAratya BirllAJ (IGUynln ~al'fmalan oroSlnda On.mll blr yer tutan Ulusllrara51 CoArafy. Ollmplyat" kat,lan Olkelerln kendl ulusal yan~mal.n sonucu '~ilen 4er ijArencll1 taklmlann yanJmasl -$@kllnde .ercekle~melctedlr. Katllimel her (lIke 4 5Arencl VI! 2 taktm Iiderl ile temsll ednmektedlr. lise ~ive5inde 6Arenclfere aClk olan yafl~mada OJ;rencller bireysel yarl~mlktadlrlar. Yarl~ma 1. asama yazdi 3 i$lmacia 8er~ekle~mekt~dlr. slnlveilr. Bu smiil\ltn tOm sonu~ar I~rsindeki elklsl "4Qod". 2, aJ81ma arazl Cillimasld,r ve bu a~manln da top'am som"CCl etklsl96 4O'dlr. 3. apma lSI! -mutti medya- ollrak Islmlendirilen bllslsayar OZerlndel'l yapllan Slnawhr VI ",nel sonuea otlcl'l " 20'dlr. 1""-'.:. Olrendler her 3 a~mada dOl blrevsel yan$ml$lar aldlklan puanlara olullurulmaktad,rlar. Olkemlzln bu ollmplyata kot,hm, IGU Qye,l kurulul olarak TeX'nun dOzenlevecell blr ulusol ya"lma lie mOmkOndOr. Olimplyat yanjm.l.nn vam sora kOIlQrel .ktlvltelerl de kapsamoktad". KOIlOrel etklnliklerde her Olke tak,m, kendi hamlad,kla" shaw yada sunumlarla Bjkelerlnl tanJtma lmkanl bulmaktadlrlar. Aynt lamanda bu etkinllkler yarl$macllann blrblrlerllte ileti$im kurmahm aCIslnda son derece etklll olmaktadlr. Bu ~e~vede Ilsele, arulnda kurulacak ileUslm ve yapllClcak programh bfr ~h$ma lie 2014 ull,.l$al taluml ojuilurulacakt.r. TCK' nun organlzasyonu lie ger;ekle~lrilmes' Bf!reken bu ulu.sal ya"lmo k;in temelal,malar ~A,daki glbl olatakt,,: 1. In8l11z'" ""trail bllgl smaVl (teknlk torimler konu,un. dlkkot edllmelidlrl. 2. In8111zco mOlakat . 3. Wusal tatumla kl5; sUreli kamp (Oirendlertn tant$l1liSI ve taklm ruhunun ~rn.kl.rl, geIIJllrllm.,I, Smay gO,tort hall"'l', arul gOlleml, GPS kullan,m, vb. ~"lmalar) 4. ,1....1 1'2"lrNSI (gOll.ml) On.mll blr .~m • . Dlkkot edilmesl gereken konular I~nde )oomorfolo)l, harlta bllslsl, blo coA>"ofya ve bejerl cOiratya (ami kullanlml) konulan One ~, kryor. ; 5. Tak,ml.,," OIk.lerlnl tanl!,m .m.~" dOlenledlklerl IOst.riler Ilai ~kmelct.dir. Bu nedenler ulusal taklm OArencilerlmiz de TUrkiye'yi de anlatabllecek lyI bir sunum h.JIlriamal.dlt. U1usall'll"pnano" .., uhlbl TOri< Coiratva Kurumudur. DETAY PROGRAM 1. loBllI,co coArofl bll,1 SlnaVI (NIsIn 201.) TOm lise 2 ve3. SlnlfOA;rencllerJne aelic: olacMrur. Smav f.stallburda yap,tacaktir. ,.;.--~ ""-; b. 20,.er Oirenclden yeterl kadar danUkte Slnav duzenlenecektlr. i1. c. Smsv seN VI deprlendlrme jllrtsl oluiturulacaktlr (TCK temsiJdllrI, Onlverstte tem,lIdlert, Olretm.nler). ; d. Smav duyurulafl Tel( aracllli' lie yapltacaktlr. e. 81~vurular rCK'ya vapllacaktlr, Tel( web'de bunun ~In ozel bir ~J[jm k4.lrvlacaktlr. f. Reslmllstnav gJ~ kimllk kartla" hazlrlanacaktlf. g. Sinaviar l;in glSzetmenler .atanacalrtlr. h. Sm3V sorulanlGEO'da eJe artnan konulitr dlkkate alrnank natlrlanacaktlr. I. Slnavda 100 Oterinden SO puan ve uteri not 21lanlJr bir $Onrald I$amitya ~at'nl.cakt". (TCK bu pu.nl.mad. dell$lkJlk yap.blllr) 2. Instlizee mOl. kat (M.ylS, 2014) IIll . •.. "or .- " a. Ilk S,"IV sonucunda ba~rlh clmu$ Oirendlerl gOnlllk konu$ma, okudutunu Inlama, yalma vb. konularda Ing1ll1ce yetenekrerl ol~lecektir. b. MOI.kal Ist.nbul' d. vapIJaeokt". , c. MOlakat, oAt-end davram~ ve taklma oVum alelllkleri g61e allnarak ge~ekl~tlnlecekti'. d. MUlakatta 6Arenelnln ,por, ,anal. mO,lk vb. vehlnekleri 6ncelitJe dejer1endl,lIecektl,. e. MOlakat sonw;lann3 gore 4 aslI 4 yedek tiAnl!nd ~lIecektir. 3. Ulu••1I.klmlalu,. ,U ... II k.mp (Hatl"n 2014) • . MOiokat 5Dnu~I."n. gOre 4'. Indl'ilmi~ OArendler lsunbul'd. kampa allnacaktlr. b. Kampta, OJ;rencllel'in tanl$maSI 'Ie taklm ruhunun gellftlrllmlsl, 5,"IV Omekleri, g6sterl hallrhgl, arazi gozleml; GPS kullanlml vb. ,ah$marar ge~ekll$tlrile,ektl'. , e. Ar.. l ~1I~mo" (gO,loml) Onemll bl, alam.d". Dlkka, edllme51 ge ...ken konula, leinde Jeomom,loJ I, hartt. bllgl.l, biO coAr.fy. ve bele,l colrafya (.,.zl kuliaOlmlglbl) konularl6ne ~Ikmaktadlr. .1 d. Taklml.nn Olkol.rinl t.nlbm am.11I dOzenledlkleri g6.te,lI., 1181 ~kmekt.dlr. au nedenJer ulu531 taklm OArencllerimil de TOrklve'yl de antatabllet'ek Iyi blr sunum hazlrlamtcaktlr. e. Kampta taklm IIderl Oiretmenler de olacalctlr. f. GerektlJinde yurt dl~lndall tecrObell dam~man getlrileceirtlr. 4. 2014 Ollmplyallna Kallhm {12 -18 AAusto, 2014 K,akow - Polonyo) Polonya'nrn Krakow kentinde dOlenlenecek alan 2014 ollmp1vatlatlna yukandakl I$amalardan ge<:en 4 61renci ve 2 taklm tide; olretmenle k.tlh sallanacaktlr (Taklm IIderl oirelmenle, Iyl cotrafy. bllgl,ln. "hiP. lyl-lle,l dere,ede In8111,ce bllen • 6Iretmenler olacaktlt) . -, - > Do.r COlteosues On behilf of the Polish Geosraphlcal Society's Geo&l'aphy Olvmplad Committee ~ncl the: Pedalo8iColI Untverslty of ICrak6w. It Is aur pleasure to irwlte your country to send a lelm to the 11th Intemltlonal G"I..~hy Olympl.d (IGoo), which will be held In Krak6w, PoI.nd, from 12 to 18 AlIiU" 2014, under the auspIces of the InternatJonei Gqraphlcal union Otvmpl~ Task Force. The: venue of the Olympiad will be tll, compus o!the Ped",Dllcoi University Df .rok6w -In "'e old capital city of Palond. This will be an excellent opportunity to showcase ttlt aeoaraphfcil skills iIInd understandings of your country's seolfaphv students. as welt is iii reward for student exceltence. The participants wiD have the opporwnlty to vIsit some of the most inmrestirc and attractive places In SOuthem Poland IS Wl'1I ilS Immerse themselves In the faScinating history and culture of Krak6w .nd Its surroondl",5. As always ttle IGeo compl!tltlon contains three elements: oil written response test. iii m~ltlmedll test and. field'WOrt test. The offiCial lancuas_ of the IGoo Is Enslfsh. QuestIons will be presented III Enallsh end students must answer fn English. Extra fldlltles will be provided fpr students not educlted In fncllsh. For further information on the tests, see ttole attached Guidelines for Tfosts. A team will be made up offour secondary school students between 16 and 19 yurs of 18e (lndusIYeJ an ~ June 2014. Students must be r.elerted through a national aeocraphy compeUtion. They wtll be ilccompanfed by two adults who are fnvolvH 'n geolraphical educ~tlon in ttlelr country, alld who Ire ·. . to speak arKt write Enatlitl. One ofthe ieadll"l must be Huent In English and elCperienced at marldl\l Sb,Idents' wort<. so liS to be able to mark test papers In English. PleaH .Iso merte the IGeo wemlta for the $laMes under which the iG~ operates (httD:II~Ww .8&oofymDjad .orJ and d1c1c the IlIIt fur SIatutn). ",............. Countries lte mponslble for their own travel, visas ifld lIIsurance. In addition. , contribution of PLH 1,000 per person (for each student lind leader) ls payable as a contribution to local expenses {for curtencyexctt.nge AtI!: please chedtat htto:lIwww.xe .com/ucc/l. , Adraft of the kit020lA program will be sent in the near future. For your plannlnl ptlrposes, ttJ:e IGeo commences on Tuesday 12 Au.&ust, With rqlstratian open until 11:00. The flrst functions will be In International 80Ird Meetl". at 17.00 and ttle Openlna Cel,mony at 19:30 on that day. The last function (SOld medals award ceremony) is part of the Openlnl Ceremony of the Intematlonal Glolfaphlcal Union Confertnce on Monday 1S AUIUst. We iilntlclpate that the dosl", ceremonvwlll fI.,11h iilt 16:00. so we undemand tt might not be possible tOI everybody to arranae depattureon the even'", of thlt day. Theretole, additional KtOmmodatlolt and bteaktiJst can be booad until the morning of Tuesday 19 August at preferential rates. Iu well as the tests. the p'OIrilim Includes geosraphlcal poster presentlltlons and a cuttural functlon. oeulb of these will be sent to participating countries. Various eXCUf'Sions wljl be llrana:ed includlna one to the MatopolsU regioo, and there will be. some free tlrne. Avisit to the Memorial lind Museum Auscnwltz 61rRnilu (the former Nazi ooncentration camp) will be orpnlred ilt no addItional cost for the teams that opt-In by May 2014. A" optional post-IGeo ftekttr1p at your O'Nn cost may be arrtlnged Ifenoult. countries are Interested. In this fleldtrip, you will visit central and northern Poland, lnclud1ns: the Nicolaus CoperlllC1ls' C1tv of TOI\I1\. Pomeranliil ce&ion -the castte ottht TeutoniC Order In Malbort, City of Gdlflsk and movi"l dunes of the SJowll\ski NatiOnal Part - and the capital city of Poland. Warsaw, where the toyr will end . The cost of the optional excursion will be approximately PLN 2,000 per person. for • orpnlQltional reason~, It will only be possible to accept up to 100 JlinrdPints on the post-tGeo fiekltrip. Therefore. the places will be allocated In the ord~r In whIch the tour boolUng forms are recefved. More Infotml1km will be sent to teams wno indicate on the applkatlon form that they are IntereSted. P1Nse return the attached application form by 10 Ja"uary 2014 at the latest. Col,lntt1es Which took part In the 2012 or 2013 Olympiads will be automatically o=pted forthe 20141600 If they apply by 10 Januery 1014. On 10 January 2014. remaining places will be alloated to other countries In tM order Inwhich their applications were received. Ifycu don't receive an emailed Icknowledgementof the (ecelpt: of your applk:3tlora within severt davs of emallina It (longer tf po$dna ttl, ~ue email to check that It h" been re~~d . If you need III formal written Invitation to the 2014 [Geo, pln5e email u:s the name, address oftM person to whom the letter should be sent. position and Please send the applklltion form to us ~t reeistration @jReo2014. DI.Arlyotherqoe: riesaboutthe krak6w O~mplad shOUld be sent to ayestions@!geo2014.pL If you h&Ye aene~1 querfes,bout the Olympiad, for Instance ~bout e[illblUty, those shou~ go to ttle T.sk Force Co-Chair, Kath ~rg. at I!dmj n@rpq .oCl.au . "you t;.hw th.tthls emiitllls better directed to 'noth~r person, ph!ase forward 11 to them. lfvotl to bill taken off the emill list, please let Kath BetS (admin@!)tSQ.org.au) know, and preferably atve her a COn~ in your country to whom future communications s.hould be emailed Insteld . For some coontnesthere Is alreadv more than one contact person on our email list. wouldq~ .......:.. We look forward to welcomIng you to the iGeo In 1i(r'lk6w In 2014 . ~. Yours slnce~1y , TomaSI SMIckI lGoo 2014 Dlpnlsl.,. COmmitte. 'lIonI--.ozl-960 Questiol1s@jRe92C14.l!1 Information updates at: bnAillwww.'"oZ014.QI GenerallGeo contact: Ms Kathryn Berg CO<~lr, International Geoaraphkal Union Otvmpiad Ta:sk f:orce C/o RGSQ. 237 Milton Ro.d, Milton Qld 4064, Australia Phone: + 61 7 3368 Z066 fax; + 61 7 3367 1011 Email: admin@!"85Q .org.au Website: www.seoolvmDiad.o!l , International Geography Olympiad 0iGeo Knk6w, Pola ..d, 12 -18 August 2014 ApPLICATION FORM • I. Country: 2. Organization supporting this application: 3. Name of primary contact ~. Hislher position in orpniution: 5. Address of contact person: 6. Email: 7. Fax.: . 'Number of 5tU.donts (maximum 4): 9. Number of odulto (maximum 2): 10, Date when tram. mem.bel'l wi&1 be decidod : national 11. , ".''.. Phone: l 12. . .' Number of participants ioI=6ted in Ih, optional post-iGto r.,ldtrip. if &l1}' (Not<. furmaI booking. A separ8" booking form will be .... to 'eam&1haI have indica.od int=s1.): - number of ""dents .. .. .. adults ...... Cost:opprox PLN 2,OOOIporoon, 19 ·24 Aug CD bdWr oC the orpniaatWn suppotting my country's applic:atian. I tpply to .KILd • tum 10 tho lmemGiODIt Olympiad ;" KniIrow, 12 to IS August 20.4. I uodenwut 1hat 1lle <OIl for tlti. will be PLN 1,000 "'" _ ""yoble In ad....... I undcrslaDd tIud !he "''''' leaden from , COW>1Jy will be mpotl&lblc far !he ........ reprtMntadve, from dlII: counJr)t aod 1hII: all tt:am memben mu§t have tOedica1 lDlUlMOO cover. I undemand tballf my DfJll'lIIation boob Itto posc·KJco fieldtrip. then II ooo~futll1.ble dcpotit may be due by t3 ft March 2014 to COVer tbe ClDCeUatilm fee,. which the oraaol8CTS ml,)' inCl.l1 if my team cancels aftf:!' ttw date - dctaia will be gjve:n. "" tile poot·Kleo 6.ldtrip bookms 1Ontt. ~y 13. Signarur. 14. o.tc ofapplK:ition Send aignDci application by email or original by post • to be reccived no later than 10 JanU8t)' 2014 to: OrgonUiDg Committee for In.oma.ional Geography Olympiad KrakOw 2014 c/o Polish Geograpblcal Soeie<y KonJite1 0I6wny Olimpiady G,ograficm~ ul. Podhipi~ 2 k>k.40 02-732 Wanzawa, Poland E-mail: "'Bim.tion@i",02014.pl ./ T.e. Miu.t E~trIM BAKANLIGI O,blo!retim Genel MiidfirliilB " S.y. 1'1/12120 10 : B.08.0.0GM,o.o6.04.001 ~(,!'-'! Ko •• :Ulual8l1!CaSl eografya Olimpiyatlan TOax: CoGRAFYA KURUMU yONETiM KURULU BA~KANU()INA llgi: Genol Miidilr1Q~i1z evralo.oda kAy.tlJ 08.11.2010 tarihli dilelq;eniz. 2012 )11Jnda 9. A1many.·da yaptl..aJc olan lise oj!rencilerino yone1ik, Co~ Olimpiyabnda yanfA"aJc TUrk ,.kUDlID oJUfIUmlAk i;in, Geoel Mildi1rlij~ilz. baA1t olrulluda smav YO <!iF otkinlil:lori ~okle¢nnek YO b.nunla Ugili duyurumm yap1lmas: talebiJIiz: ait ilJi yazmi~ "" okindeki Ioohm projoniz inocl.~. So. kDnUBu Co~ Olimpiyatuula yon""",, (lUI<: TUrk takImuun Geocl MOdOdQlilmilzc baA1t okuIJanian ol~. SlDa. ve ditcr etJcWiklcrin ~indc berbJmgj bit salaoc. ioriilme"",lctedir, Bu konudaJci duywu okollanwztn ...posta adrWerio< bildirilJnittir. BU£i):erini2'i VCI aereaiDi rica c.detim. ~ ~~~~ Balcan • GeneJ Miidilr No:'" Aldtt BuI'Nn,. 06641 &.lr.In1&: .....t.NXAAA TMM: (lIll2).l} "96 fab : (0112)419 21 17 E.;p<:iIU. : O8fI'I@mlIb.aov.U" Ekbrcnik Ai: JlWW gem,mph pur -- -I' -:,~ :", ~