1. – 12. SORULARDA, CÜMLEDE BOŞ BIRAKILAN YERE UYGUN
Transkript
1. – 12. SORULARDA, CÜMLEDE BOŞ BIRAKILAN YERE UYGUN
1. – 12. SORULARDA, CÜMLEDE BOŞ BIRAKILAN YERE UYGUN DÜŞEN SÖZCÜK YA DA İFADEYİ BULUNUZ. A) conceivably B) abundantly C) provisionally D) predominantly 1. E) efficiently Tomorrow labour unions are going to ---- with employers about the working conditions, working hours and wages of their members. 5. A) negotiate We will give all the staff copies of the guidelines on the security procedures that were ---- by the administration. B) propose A) given back B) drawn up C) estimate C) brought up D) found out D) compete E) shown out E) restrict 6. 2. The recent statistics concerning the --- of wages and salaries indicate that the incomes of men are distinctly higher than those of women. Even in the farthest corners of the world, firms must be able to ---- their people and their assets. A) look down on B) put up with A) recurrence C) keep in touch with B) rejection D) wait up for C) distribution E) stay clear of D) allocation E) proportion 3. 7. Today social science courses provide us with a ---- part of our education. A) competent B) benevolent When determining the price of a product, companies must take into consideration potential competitors ---- available ones. A) as well as B) so much as C) in case of D) further than E) so as C) resistant 8. D) crucial E) rigid As incomes, fashions and tastes vary, the demands for various services and goods ---- . A) haven’t done so. 4. B) don’t either. Taxation in that country is ---- indirect; for example, tobacco, excise and customs duties account for a very great amount. C) both do. D) also have. E) do so too. 1 9. İstanbul handles more foreign trade than ---- city in Turkey because of its economic power. A) some other B) other C) the other D) any other E) one another 13. – 18. SORULARDA, CÜMLEYİ UYGUN ŞEKİLDE TAMAMLAYAN İFADEYİ BULUNUZ. 10. In spite of attempts to decrease the country’s dependence ---- coffee, this single crop usually accounts for ---65% of Brazil’s export incomes. A) in / by B) on / about C) through / into 13. People are everywhere being conronted with new problems ---- . D) from / from A) so the information had to be justified first. E) to / upon B) although they would have preferred to overlook them. 11. Meanwhile, the textile trade itself ---by conditions ---- something such as order and discipline into its activities. C) if suitable solutions can be proposed. D) which were building up very slowly but steadily. A) is being forced / having been brought B) would have been / having brought E) that are mostly industrialization. C) has been forced / to have brought D) was being forced / to bring the result of 14. The bank of England was established in 1694 ---- . E) was forced / bringing 12. In our city, where undue dependence on just two industries ---- to the problem of massive unemployment, a new policy was soon introduced by which new industries ---- encouraged. A) if it had made a promise not to lend to the king without the consent of parliament. B) since the government had to find some way of financing a war. A) has led / had been C) shotly before the need for credit possibilities has been accepted. B) led / will have been C) had led / were being D) whether or not city magnates thought they would be able to make a profit of it. D) would lead / are being E) would have led / would have been 2 E) even though capital might be paid back by 1706. 17. Although great technical advances have been achieved over the last five decades or so, ---- . A) the speculations made by petroleum geologists didn’t make any mentioning of undersea beds. 15. Materials needed for the study of the Babylonian law are abundant ---- . B) obtaining oil from undersea fields remains an endlessly shallenging process. A) because almost all legal transactions were embodied in a written contract. B) even though the documents were being written on clay tablets. C) most oil companies are trying to find oil by drilling into the sediments of the continental shelf. C) while some of them had been translated into some European languages. D) obtaining oil successfully depended more on luck than on good management in oil industry. D) until more samples come to light in recent excavations. E) oil companies hadn’t successfully used new methods of oil exploration. E) soon after the collapse of the Babylonian state in the 6th century BC. 18. When the balance disturbed, ---- . of nature is A) the result would usually have been due to man’s interference. 16. As the country’s forestry resources have been used wrongly over a long period of time, ---- . B) there has clearly been a great reason for concern. A) this is, in fact, a problem all over the world. C) the struggle to exist in the world has always continued. B) the authorities were forestry activities. D) this may result in a lot of possibly unforessen effects. C) now the forests impoverished. intensifying are greatly E) the extinction of one species has always left another without a natural predator. D) a balance between demand and supply will have been made. E) new trees would have been planted everywhere. 3 C) Birçok insan, bugün çevre kirliliğini en aza indirebilmek için doğal kaynaklarımızı, özellikle enerjiyi, mümkün olduğunca ekonomik kullanmamız gerektiğini düşünüyor. D) Günümüzde birçok insan, doğal kaynaklarımızın, özellikle enerjinin kullanımında mümkün olduğunca ekonomik kullanmamız ve çevre kirliliğini en aza düşürmemiz gerektiği görüşünde birleşmektedir. E) Pek çok insana göre, bugün doğal kaynaklarımızı, özellikle enerjiyi ekonomik kullanarak, çevre kirliliğini azaltmamız gerekmektedir. 20. In 1948 a historically important step was taken with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which proclaims the universality of human rights. 19. – 24. SORULARDA, VERİLEN İNGİLİZCE CÜMLENİN ANLAMINA EN YAKIN TÜRKÇE CÜMLEYİ BULUNUZ. A) İnsan kaynaklarının evrenselliğini ilan eden İnsan Hakları Evrensel Beyannamesi’yle 1948’de tarihsel açıdan önemli bir adım atılmıştır. B) 1948’de ilan edilen ve insan haklarının evrenselliğinin önemini kabul eden İnsan Hakları Evrensel Beyannamesi tarihi bir adımdır. 19. Today most people agree that we should be as economical as possible in our use of natural resources, especially energy, and reduce environmental pollution to a minimum. C) İnsan Hakları Evrensel Beyannamesi’nin yayımlanması sayesinde, insan haklarının evrenselliği ve önemi konusunda 1948’de tarihi bir adım atılmıştır. A) Günümüzde birçok insan, başta enerji olmak üzere doğal kaynaklarımızın ekonomik kullanılması kadar çevre kirliliğinin en aza indirilmesinin de zorunlu olduğuna inanıyorlar. D) İnsan Hakları Evrensel Beyannamesi, 1948’de atılmış olan önemli tarihi bir adımla insan haklarının evrenselliğini ilan etmiştir. B) Pek çok insanın düşündüğü gibi, günümüzde başta enerji olmak üzere enerji kaynaklarımızı ekonomik bir biçimde kullanırsak çevre kirliliği en aza indirmemiz mümkündür. E) İnsan haklarının evrenselliği konusunda 1948 yılında atılan önemli 4 tarihi adımla, İnsan Hakları Evrensel Beyannamesi ilan edilmiştir. E) Gelişmekte olan ülkeler kesinlikle yapmaları gereken, hızlı nüfus artışının sonuçları konusunda çareler bulmayı kabul etmek ya da nüfus artışını sınırlamak için çaba göstermektir. 22. Since the political systems in countries of Central and Eastern Europe have already reached a high level of stability, there is not any reason to fear a return to authoritarian systems. 21. Devoloping nations must either accept the rapid growth of population as inevitable and try to find realistic solutions about the outcomes, or make attempts to control the growth of population. A) Orta ve Doğu Avrupa ülkelerinde, istikrar seviyesi yüksek siyasi sistemlere ulaşılamamasından ve otoriter sistemlere geri dönülmesinden korkmak yersizdir. A) Hızlı nüfus artışını kabullenmek zorunda kalan ülkeler, hem bunun zararları konusunda çözümler bulmaya hem de nüfus artışını gerçekten azaltmaya çalışmalıdırlar. B) Siyasette şimdiden yüksek bir istikrar düzeyine ulaşmış olan Orta ve Doğu Avrupa ülkelerindeki sistemlerin, otoriter sistemlere geri dönme endişesi yersizdir. B) Hızlı nüfus artışından kaçamayan gelişmekte olan ülkeler, bu artışı azaltmasalar da onun sonuçları konusunda gerçekçi çözümler bulmaya çalışmalıdırlar. C) Orta ve Doğu Avrupa ülkelerindeki siyasi sistemlerinin belli bir istikrar düzeyine ulaşmasının asıl nedeni otoriter sistemlere geri dönüş korkusunun olmamasından kaynaklanmaktadır. C) Gelişmekte olan ülkeler, hızlı nüfus artışını önlenemez olarak kabul ettikleri takdirde, onun zararlarını gideremeyecekleri gibi onu sınırlayamazlar. D) Orta ve Doğu Avrupa ülkelerinde, siyasi sistemlerdeki yüksek istikrar seviyesi, otoriter sistemlere geri dönüş korkusunu şimdiden ortadan kaldırmıştır. D) Gelişmekte olan ülkeler, ya hızlı nüfus artışını kaçınılmaz kabul etmeli ve sonuçları konusunda gerçekçi çözümler bulmaya çalışmalı ya da nüfus artışını sınırlamak için çaba göstermelidirler. E) Orta ve Doğu Avrupa ülkelerindeki siyasi sistemler şimdiden yüksek bir istikrar düzeyine ulaştığından, otoriter 5 sistemlere geri korkmak için bulunmamaktadır. dönülmesinden bir neden 24. Nowadays, in what most people consider the advanced industrialized nations, only 3 or 4% of the population earn their living from agriculture. 23. Today a firm really has responsibilities to its customers, its employees and society in general as well as to its shareholders. A) Birçok insanın sanayileşmiş ileri ülkeler olarak gösterdiği ülkelerde, günümüzde tüm nüfusun sadece % 3 ya da 4’ü tarımdan para kazanmaktadır. A) Günümüzde, bir şirketin müşterilerinden, çalışanlarından ve hissedarlarından çok, gerçekten de topluma karşı sorumlulukları bulunmaktadır. B) Günümüzde, sadece nüfusun % 3 ya da 4’ü yaşamını tarımdan kazanan ülkeler, endüstrileşmiş ileri ülkeler olarak kabul edilmektedir. B) Günümüzde bir şirketin kendi hissedarlarına olduğu kadar, müşterilerine, çalışanlarına ve genel olarak topluma karşı da gerçekten sorumlulukları vardır. C) Günümüzde, çoğu insanın sanayileşmiş ileri ülkeler olarak kabul ettiği ülkelerde, nüfusun sadece % 3 ya da 4’ü geçimlerini tarımdan sağlamaktadır. C) Bir şirketten, günümüzde yalnız hissedarları değil, müşterileri, çalışanları ve genel olarak toplumda gerçek sorumluluk bekler. D) Günümüzde çoğu insan, sadece nüfusun % 3 ya da 4’ü tarımda çalışan ülkeleri, endüstrileşmiş ileri ülkeler olarak kabul etmektedir. D) Genelde, günümüzde bir şirketin müşterilerinden, çalışanlarından ve toplumdan önce, kendi hissedarlarına karşı gelecek sorumlulukları bulunmaktadır. E) Bugün, sanayileşmiş ileri ülkelerdeki nüfusun sadece % 3 veya 4’ünü yaşamlarını tarımdan kazanan insanları oluşturduğu kabul edilmektedir. E) Günümüzde, bir şirketin çalışanlarının; hissedarlarına ve müşterilerine karşı sorumlulukları olduğu gibi, topluma karşı da gerçek sorumlulukları vardır. 6 26. Tarihini bilen hiçbir Alman, ulusal görüş ya da çıkar ayrılıklarının barışçıl bir yolla giderilebileceği bir siyasi çerçevenin değer ve önemini azımsamamalıdır. 25. – 30. SORULARDA, VERİLEN TÜRKÇE CÜMLENİN ANLAMINA EN YAKIN İNGİLİZCE CÜMLEYİ BULUNUZ. A) Every German with some historical sense at all will admit the value and importance of a political framework which allows for national differences of opinion and interest to be sorted out in a peaceful way. 25. Truman Görüşü, dünya barışının, sadece ABD’nin liderliği ile başarabileceği ve devam ettirebileceği görüşünü yansıtıyordu. B) No German who knows his history should underestimate the value and importance of a political framework in which national differences of opinion or interest can be sorted out peacefully. A) Belief in the Truman View gave rise to the cotinued leadership of the USA and the maintenance of world peace. C) The value and importance of a political framework in which national differences of opinion or interest can be amicably worked out, is clear to any German who knows his history. B) The Truman View reflected the belief that the continued leadership of the USA was necessary for world peace. C) It was because of the USA’s leardership in the world that the Truman View emerged and peace was maintained. D) The value and importance of a political system in which national differences of opinion of interest can be negotiated fairly is accepted by all Germans with a good knowledge of history. D) The Truman View was based upon the thought that the world peace depended on the USA’s continued leadership. E) It is clear from German history that a political framework, in wihch national differences of opinion and interest can be resolved peacefully, is important and invaluable. E) The Truman View reflected the idea that world peace could be achieved and maintained through the USA’s leadership. 7 elde edilebilir, fakat doğalgaz, petrol, demir cevheri ve kömür gibi kaynaklar tekrar yerine konulamaz. 27. Kamuoyu araştırmaları, televizyonun, özellikle gelişmiş ülkelerde, çoğu insan için günlük olaylar ve genel konularla ilişkin en önemli bilgi kaynağı olduğunu göstermiştir. A) Food, timber, wool and cotton are among the replenishable raw materials, but on the other hand, natural gas, oil, iron ore and coal can hardly ever be replaced. A) Surveys have shown that, for most people, particularly in the developed countries, television that is the most important source of information for daily events and general issues. B) Raw materials such as foodstuffs, timber, wool and cotton can all be replenished; however, coal, natural gas, oil and iron resources are hard to replace. B) According to some public surveys, for many people in the developed countries it is the television that is the most important source of information with its current news and reports on local issues. C) Material such as foodstuff, timber, wool and cotton are all replenishable raw materials, but others, such as natural gas, oil, iron ore and coal are not. C) It is apparent from the surveys that, at least in the developed countries, people mostly want informative programmes on the television, in particular current affairs and general issues. D) Some raw materials such as foodstuffs, timber, wool and cotton are replenishable, but resources such natural gas, oil, iron ore and coal cannot be replaced. D) It is evident from these surveys that, particularly in the developed countries, most people rely on television for information on important daily events and general issues. E) Replenishable raw materials consist of foodstuffs, timber, wool and cotton, but not natural gas, oil, iron ore and coal. E) Surveys show that, particularly in the developed countries, most people are mainly interested in important informative television programmes, to do with daily events and general topics. 29. “Nitelikli hizmet”, müşterilerin hiç istemediği ya da bedelini hiç ödeyemeyeceği hizmetleri sağlamak değil, belirli bir pazarın gereksimlerini her zaman karşılamak anlamına gelir. 28. Gıda maddeleri, kereste, yün ve pamuk gibi bazı maddeler yeniden 8 A) “Quality service” must meet the requirements of a given market on all occasions; it never offers unwanted services that customers can never pay for. countries does not necessarily mean that they will get more importance in world politics. B) It is mostly believed by the Japanese people that when they become economically superior to most European countries, they won’t be attached much importance in world politics. B) “Quality service” does not mean providing services which customers never want or car never afford, but meeting the requirements of a given market every time. C) Many Japanese are of the opinion that they receive less importance that is their due in world politics as their economic position is superior to that of most western countries. C) “Quality service” tries to meet all the requirements of any given market, but never offers unwanted services at prices above what customers can never pay for. D) Most Japanese people believe that, although they have achieved economic superiority over most of the European countries, they are still being given less importance in world politics. D) What we mean by “Quality service” is not the provision of unwanted services at prices customers can never afford but the repeated supply of the requirements of the given market every time. E) According to many Japanese people, they have achieved economic superiority over most European countries and so should enjoy a more important position in world politics. E) Providing the services that customers never want and cannot afford is not a part of “Quality service”, but meeting at all times is. 31. – 35. SORULARDA, PARÇADA BOŞ BIRAKILAN YERE UYGUN DÜŞEN İFADEYİ BULUNUZ. 30. Birçok Japon, Avrupa ülkelerinin çoğuna karşı ekonomik üstünlük sağlamış olmalarına rağmen, kendilerine hâlâ dünya siyasetinde daha az önem verildiğine inanıyor. 31. ---- . For example, the introduction of television altered the patterns of spending on entertainment, and thousands of cinemas and theatres closed down in the 1960s and 1970s. A) The economic superiority that the Japanese people are considered to have achieved over European 9 In recent years a whole new range of plastics has transformed the nature of household appliances. C) Nevertheless, many people complain that insurance premiums are too high to be affordable for them. A) New materials and new products are constantly coming into use and leading to significant shifts in consumer demands. D) Other people may prefer to take out a policy that is “index-linked”. E) He must also check that his policy includes all eventualities. B) Many goverment plans to stabilize prices are primarily related to major products. 33. It is quite easy to measure output in the main manufacturing industries, and in most of the other industries producing goods. ---- . For example, the output of a teacher or a lawyer cannot be easily measured. C) The prices of many goods made from steel have gone up due to an increasing shortage in steel production. D) A lot of commodities are subject to rapid changes in design, quality and performance. A) Industrial production is really symptom of economic trends. a B) It is much harder to do so for the service industries. E) Many goverments are concerned about deficits in their budgets and usually prefer to put austerity measures into practice. C) For this reason, many explanations of Holland’s poor performance have been suggested. D) The textile and shipbuilding industries are losing their markets to less expensive competitors. E) The manufacturing industries is responsible about 75 per cent of total industries production. 32. When someone wants to buy a house in the Netherlands on a mortgage, the building community will insists that it should be insured. ---- . The reason is that the value of the insurance will be related to the cost of building the house again. 34. “Vocational guidance” is the name frequently given to the process of helping boys and girls, and men and women, choose an occupation. It is really something more than simply providing information about occupational issues. ---- . The next stage, clearly, is to match the two sets of information. A) The total amount that he will have to insure his house for will probably be more than what he paid for it. A) Their main job is related to giving career talks to groups of school droppers or leavers. B) In regions where flooding is common the rates of insurance will certainly be higher. B) Today, youth employment officers work for local authorities, and usually get nine-month training. 10 C) Psychologists also play an important role in evaluating these young people and in analyzing the requirements of various occupations. D) The various elements are present in entirely different proportions. E) In fact, there is very little similarity between the chemical compositions of river water and sea water. D) It is an activity in which the person looking for advice is helped to collect relevant facts about himself or herself and about occupations. 36. – 40. SORULARDA, CÜMLELER SIRASIYLA OKUNDUĞUNDA ANLAM BÜTÜNLÜĞÜNÜ BOZAN CÜMLEYİ BULUNUZ. E) It is something like the process of personnel selection. 36. (I) The International Moneraty Fund (IMF) was founded in 1944. (II) The size of this amount is fixed in relation to the nation’s share in world trade. (III) Its aim was to work towards free international trade at stable rates of exchange. (IV) Under the original agreement members agreed to make their currencies convertible into other currencies at fixed exchange rates. (V) They also agreed not to import controls without getting the permission of the IMF. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 37. (I) The Design and Industries Assocation of England was set up in the 1910s. (II) Its members thought that the machine had to be accepted as a part of human civilization. (III) They also thought that the artist must somehow be reintegrated into everyday life. (IV) Thus the contemporary designer had practically no tradition on which to base his work. (V) It was thus a meeting place for the artist and the manufacturer and its motto was “Fitness for Purpose”. 35. The ocean is the largest storehouse of minerals in the earth. In one cubic mile of sea water there are roughly 150 million tons of dissolved salts. --- . For, even though the earth is continually moving materials from one place to another, the heaviest movements are always seaward. A) It was the first rains that began this process of wearing away the rocks and carrying their minerals to sea. B) Furthermore, this quality is gradually increasing. A) I C) As a result, immense amounts of calcium salts are constantly being withdrawn from the sea water by marine animals. 11 B) II C) III D) IV E) V 40. (I) The origin of the sundial or shadow clock is now lost in obscurity. (II) The Greeks and Romans also used sundials widely, and more scientific principles were used in their making. (III) Primitive sundials are among the earliest time-measuring tools that have survived to the present day. (IV) These early dials weren’t based on geometry and so were innacurate. (V) The period between sunrise and sunset was usually divided into twelve “temporal” hours which therefore had no fixed length but showed variations through the whole year. 38. (I) London, the capital of Great Britain, lies on the Thames about 60 kilometres away from its mouth at Southend. (II) It is an administrative centre and a focus for national as well as international communications. (III) The London clay is unsuitable for agriculture, as it is difficult to process when wet and cracks badly in dry weather. (IV) In addition, it is the centre of cultural activity in Great Britain. (V) For example, the drama, the music, the opera and the ballet, painting and sculpture are all represent there in great variety. A) I B) II C) III D) IV A) I B) II C) III D) IV C) III D) IV E) V 41. – 44. SORULARDA, VERİLEN DURUMA UYGUN DÜŞEN İFADEYİ BULUNUZ. E) V 39. (I) Water is one of the most important of all the natural resources available in the Middle East. (II) It has always been a scarce commodity in this part of Turkey. (III) Therefore, there is a long history of dispute about water in the Middle East. (IV) Today, the issue of water still continues to affect bilateral relations between the countries in the Middle East. (V) The fact still remains that there is a rapid decline in the quality of underground water supplies. A) I B) II 41. The subject of the meeting is the firm’s waste disposal. The general manager is in favour of just letting it pour into the river, since this is both easy and cheap. You decide to oppose the manager not on ecological reasons but on financal ones. You say: A) In fact our waste disposal isn’t lethal, and it doesn’t smell either. So we don’t have to worry at all. E) V B) As far as I’m concerned, the waste is as urgent a problem as you think it is. C) Are you aware of what the fine is when it’s discovered? Quite excessive! D) Oh, today everyone is too pollutionconscious! We should be careful. 12 E) I believe every factory ought to do its best to stop pollution and protect the environment. 43. One of the universities in your town is holding a conference, and it is essential that someone from your company should attend at least the opening part of it. You seek and find a local authority suitable and decide not to give him any chance of refusing; You say: 42. You have recently made an agreement with one of the big supermarkets so that they will put your goods in their stock. One day you visit one of the stores to check how your products are being displayed and are very angry to find that they have been placed in a disorderly way on a bottom shelf, where they are unlikely to attract people’s attention. You go to the manager of the store to complain about this. You say: A) You can be present at the opening of the conference, and even stay for one or two of sessions. B) I will be attending some of the sessions of this conference, but I can’t go to the opening, can you? C) You know it’s your old university that’s putting on this conference, so I thought you might like to go. A) All the other stroes in your supermarket chain have displayed my products well. It’s just here that they are pushed out of sight. D) It’s very imperative that one of us attend the opening of this conference; and since I can’t attend it, you must I. B) Have you ever considered training your personnel in display techniques? It could be quite useful. E) You’ve probably heard about this conference, do you feel inclined to go? C) My products are selling quite though they are badly displayed in your store. D) I think you really ought to group your goods better. For example, soaps and cleaning materials should go together. E) I am very happy to see my products displayed so attractively. 13 45. – 48. SORULARDA, KARŞILIKLI KONUŞMANIN BOŞ BIRAKILAN KISMINDA SÖYLENMİŞ OLABİLECEK SÖZÜ BULUNUZ. 44. A new employee has began working in the same insurance firm where you work. Right from the very beginning, it seemed, everbody was against the new employee and regarded him as useless. You believe they are being very unfair to him and you decide to stand up for him. You say: 45. Ted: – Would you give me your honest opinion of this new commercial? Jane: A) In my opinion, he hardly has the experience and skills thet the job really requires. – I realy don’t know. It’s certainly different. What do you think about it? B) You should give him a chance! He needs to settle in first and get to know us and the system here. Ted: C) You can’t complain unfairly; you were one of the commitee who selected him. Jane: D) He’s clearly not very bright, but that is not his fault. Let’s wait and hope he improves. A) I don’t like it to begin with. But it’s starting to appeal to me. – ---- . – Who knows? Well, it may attract new ones. B) Then, let’s try it first. Why don’t you be a bit adventurous. E) I can’t understand why you are against him; no one else is. C) After all, our advertisements haven’t ever shown much originatily, have they? D) I’m not certain that it’s targeted at our usual customers. E) I think it’s a bit too modern for my taste. 14 47. James: – I hear you’ve changed your job. 46. Önder: Robin: – What must we to do give a boost to the tourism industry in our country? – Right. And I’m very happy that I have done so. Ali: – ---- . James: – ---- . Robin: Önder: – More than that. There are also plenty of fringe benefits, including car and good pension rights. – I think you mean the capacity of beds must be increased, and so more hotels are required. A) Please tell me about the job, then. Ali: B) I wish I could do the same. I’m not satisfied with the present job I have. – That’s correct. We will also need to make the season longer. C) At our age I think it’s good to move on sometimes, isn’t it? A) I think it is very important that we get tourists to come 12 months of the year. D) How do you like your new collagues? I know you didn’t get on well with most of them in your old job. B) Will, clearly, we will have to invest more money so that more tourists can be attracted. E) What do you mean? A good increase in your salary? C) Oh, many things. Maybe, better advertising in the first place. D) There’s perfect tourism potential in our country; it’s up to us all to make it work well. E) We will do everything that must be done! Don’t get worried about it! 48. Bob: 15 – Mark are there any differences between-armoured cars and tanks? An important characteristic of entrepreneurs is that they often take financial risks. Most production activities are undertaken in prediction of demand. Companies will produce those goods which they think will yield a profit they do not know that they will do so, because the future is not known. Entrepreneurs must bear the costs involved during the time which passes betwenn the decision to produce and the final marketing of the product. They must pay rent for their land, interest on the money borrowed, wages to labour and meet the costs of materials used. These payments must be made without any certainty that such costs will be covered by receipts. If the income from sales exceeds their expenses, they will make a profit-if not, they must bear the loss. The risks they bear arise from uncertanity. Economic conditions are constatly changing and past experience is not necessarily any good guide to future prospects. Mark: – Of course, there are. For example, the armoured cars are less efficent in rough country. Bob: – ---- . Mark: – Yes, they do. In normal conditions they not only move faster but make less noise as well. A) Well, do armoured cars have any advantages over tanks? B) Guns can be mounted on them too, can’t they? C) Then, should the army attach more importance to tanks? D) Do you know the other advantages of armoured cars? E) Do they cost more to manufacture? 49. The main point of the passage is that the entrepreneurs ---- . A) can never be certain that any product will succeed until it has actually done so. B) are prepared to pay a high interest on the money they borrow. C) make a loss as often as they make a profit. D) soon become a good judge of economic issues and hardly make a mistake. E) are sound businessmen and don’t bear risks. 50. According to the passage, a lot of expenses must be met by the entrepreneurs ---- . A) and these expenses increase rapidly as soon as the product in on the market. 49. – 51. SORULARI AŞAĞIDAKİ PARÇAYA GÖRE CEVAPLAYINIZ. 16 justice”. In July 1961 it reached 100 member countries including all the great powers. A unique feature of the ILO is that its meetings are attended not only by representatives of governments, but also by those of employers and workpeople as well, and these participate in the proceedings by voice and by vote, independently of their governments. The major policy-making body, for example, consists of four delegates from each member state and of these two represent the government. One represents employer and one employee. From the very beginning, the organization has taken steps to collect full and up-to-date information about work and to pass on the results to members states in the form of statistics and reports. B) and they are very seldom offered a credit. C) but they are sure that their profits will exceed their expenses. D) before a particular product is even brought into the market. E) but the biggest one is labour costs. 51. We can infer from the passage that the success or failure of a product ---. A) becomes clear only after it has gone onto the market. B) is always a matter of luck indeed. C) is firmly related to the quality of the materials used. D) can be fairly accurately judget shortly after it goes into production. E) is of very little importance experienced entrepreneurs. 52. We learn from the passage that the International Labour Organization (ILO) was established in 1919 under the Treaty of Versailles ---- . to 52. – 54. SORULARI AŞAĞIDAKİ PARÇAYA GÖRE CEVAPLAYINIZ. A) to gather statistical evidence relating to various approaches to social Justice. B) as a party of the attempt to make a permanent and all-inclusive peace. The International Labour Organization (ILO) was brought into being in 1919 under the Treaty of Versailles, in the idea “that universal and lasting peace can be established only if it is based on social C) in the hope of getting people to vote and act independently of their governments. 17 D) with an aim to establish good relations between employers and governments. E) the development of the same working conditions throughout the member nations. E) to finance research into working conditions all over the world. 55. – 57. SORULARI AŞAĞIDAKİ PARÇAYA GÖRE CEVAPLAYINIZ. The question of "How to fit the job to the man" starts with planning methods of work. At this point the industrial pyschologist's major interest is to see that they are planned with due regard for the capacities and inclinations of the people who must use them. More specifically, his objectives are to make sure that methods of work are closely related to the range of "tolerance " of the workers available to do them, and that appreciable fluctuations in these ranges (caused by, for instance, changes in the work supply) are recognized and allowed for. He doesn't make any claim to all round competence in planning methods of work: His only role is collaborative. Administrators, engineers and physiologists are usually his fellow planners; but this is only because the majority of systematic and detailed inquiries into methods of work occur in occupations related to industrial activities. 53. It is pointed out in the passage that, as an international organization, the International Labour Organization is extremely unusual ---- . A) because it has on ever-increasing membership, particularly, of the developing nations. B) as it is given the permission to investigate social conditions worldwide even among non-member countries. C) as some delegates do not represent their governments at the meetings but participate and vote independently. D) because all member countries have to sent at least four delegates to all meetings, and more if they want. E) since its sources of income vary and mostly consist of the contributions made by industrialized countries. 55. The main point of this passage is ---- . 54. It is clearly indicated in the passage that one of the functions of the ILO has always been ---- . A) to solve the special problems of a labour force that operates machines. B) to set down and explain the aims of the industriaI psychologist. A) to stimulate the employer and employee representatives to stand up against their governments. C) to advise administration on how to organize and run a work force. B) to train the labour force in the principles of social justice. D) the insufficiency of respect industrial psychologists receive from engineers. C) to make labour more informed about its international rights. E) the methods of training a labour force in industry. D) the collecting of data concerning social conditions worldwide and the sharing of this knowledge. 18 58. – 60. SORULARI AŞAĞIDAKİ PARÇAYA GÖRE CEVAPLAYINIZ. When job statisfaction, especially in manufacturing industries is lost, some serious social problems rise. Managers in many industrial countries are seriously considering various projects aimed at “job enrichment” so as to solve these problems. There are some attempts to reverse recent trends by enlarging the role and responsibillties of the workers. Several factories have tried to abolish the assembly line by organising production again so that teams of workers are responsible for assembling the entire or a major component of a product. Each team can freely decide how the various tasks will be distributed and the speed the job is carried out. In every team, the jobs may be rotated to in order increase variety in the work done. 56. We learn from the passage that the industrial psychologist ---- . A) is not responsible for designing work systems, but he advises on them regarding worker “tolerance”. B) is expected to give advice to administration the promotion of the labor force. C) cannot be blamed even if there are slight fluctuations in output in factories. D) is supposed to cater to the wishes of administration but not to those of the labor force. E) is responsible for any redundacy that may arise from his advice as an efficiency expert. 58. It is pointed out in the passage that, particularly in the manufacturing industries, ---- . A) the teams are unable to organize themselves so management has to help them. 57. It is obvious from the passage that the industrial psychologist is usually consulted ---- . B) the rotation of jobs within the team has slowed down the work. A) when a lot of unrest is noticed In the labour force. C) workers have perfect satisfaction with assembly line conditions. B) when work is in very short supply. C) in work places where industrial activities take place. D) great efforts are being made to provide the workers with more job satisfaction. D) since administrators and engineers cannot agree if certain methods are suitable. E) workers are demanding for higher salaries since they are being given more responsibilities. E) as there is disagreement between managers and physlologists. 19 1 - A 2 - C 3 - D 4 - D 5 - B 6 - C 7 - A 8 - E 9 - B 10 - B 11 - D 12 - C 13 - E 14 - B 15 - A 16 - C 17 - B 18 - D 19 - D 20 - A 21 - D 22 - E 23 - B 24 - C 25 - E 26 - B 27 - A 28 - D 29 - B 30 - D 31 - A 32 - A B) still used especially when procedures are complicated. 33 - B 34 - D 35 - B 36 - B 37 - D 38 - C 39 - E 40 - C C) becoming more favourable since the workers find the work less demanding and easier. 41 - C 42 - A 43 - D 44 - B 45 - D 46 - B 47 - E 48 - A 49 - A 50 - D 51 - A 52 - B 53 - C 54 - D 55 - B 56 - A 57 - C 58 - D 59 - E 60 - B 59. It can be understood from the passage that in several factories the assembly line is ---- . A) still being protected because it is the ideal educational ground for new workers. D) felt to yield a higher standard of product. E) being replaced by teams of workers who assemble a whole product or at least a whole unit. 60. It is obvious from the passage that, under the new teamwork system, the workers ---- . A) carry more responsibility theoretically, but not in practice. B) have more responsibility and get fully involved in the decision-making process related to their work. C) require a more through training period. D) find they can work faster than they expected to. E) have the opportunity to be promoted and even become managers. CEVAP ANAHTARI 20